ai4r 1.2 → 1.3

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Files changed (139) hide show
  1. data/README.rdoc +12 -25
  2. data/examples/decision_trees/id3_example.rb +6 -9
  3. data/examples/decision_trees/results.txt +2 -0
  4. data/examples/genetic_algorithm/genetic_algorithm_example.rb +11 -13
  5. data/examples/neural_network/xor_example.rb +25 -0
  6. data/lib/ai4r.rb +10 -0
  7. data/lib/ai4r/classifiers/classifier.rb +46 -0
  8. data/lib/ai4r/classifiers/id3.rb +27 -58
  9. data/lib/ai4r/classifiers/one_r.rb +19 -58
  10. data/lib/ai4r/classifiers/prism.rb +21 -57
  11. data/lib/ai4r/classifiers/zero_r.rb +16 -48
  12. data/lib/ai4r/clusterers/bisecting_k_means.rb +115 -0
  13. data/lib/ai4r/clusterers/clusterer.rb +55 -0
  14. data/lib/ai4r/clusterers/k_means.rb +164 -0
  15. data/lib/ai4r/data/data_set.rb +250 -0
  16. data/lib/ai4r/genetic_algorithm/genetic_algorithm.rb +19 -19
  17. data/lib/ai4r/neural_network/backpropagation.rb +23 -24
  18. data/site/build/site/en/broken-links.xml +2 -0
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  22. data/site/build/site/en/forum.pdf +151 -0
  23. data/site/build/site/en/geneticAlgorithms.html +591 -0
  24. data/site/build/site/en/geneticAlgorithms.pdf +934 -0
  25. data/site/build/site/en/images/ai4r-logo.png +0 -0
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  38. data/site/build/site/en/images/neural_network_example.png +0 -0
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  52. data/site/build/site/en/machineLearning.html +339 -0
  53. data/site/build/site/en/machineLearning.pdf +337 -0
  54. data/site/build/site/en/neuralNetworks.html +484 -0
  55. data/site/build/site/en/neuralNetworks.pdf +604 -0
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  109. data/site/build/site/en/skin/prototype.js +1257 -0
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  111. data/site/build/site/en/svn.html +252 -0
  112. data/site/build/site/en/svn.pdf +306 -0
  113. data/site/build/site/en/wholesite.pdf +1915 -0
  114. data/site/build/tmp/brokenlinks.xml +2 -0
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  117. data/site/build/tmp/locationmap.xml +14 -14
  118. data/site/build/tmp/output.xmap +23 -23
  119. data/site/build/tmp/pluginlist2fetchbuild.xml +144 -144
  120. data/site/build/tmp/projfilters.properties +41 -41
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  128. data/test/classifiers/id3_test.rb +45 -44
  129. data/test/classifiers/one_r_test.rb +19 -17
  130. data/test/classifiers/prism_test.rb +22 -20
  131. data/test/classifiers/zero_r_test.rb +15 -12
  132. data/test/clusterers/bisecting_k_means_test.rb +59 -0
  133. data/test/clusterers/k_means_test.rb +93 -0
  134. data/test/data/data_set_test.rb +92 -0
  135. metadata +252 -128
  136. data/lib/ai4r/classifiers/classifier_helper.rb +0 -54
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+ PDF</a>
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+ </div>
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+ <h1>Machine Learning with ID3 Decision Trees in Ruby</h1>
155
+ <div id="minitoc-area">
156
+ <ul class="minitoc">
157
+ <li>
158
+ <a href="#mach-intro">Introduction to ID3 algorithm</a>
159
+ </li>
160
+ <li>
161
+ <a href="#mach-HowTo">Marketing target strategy example using ID3 Decision Trees in Ruby</a>
162
+ </li>
163
+ <li>
164
+ <a href="#mach-dataload">Better data loading</a>
165
+ </li>
166
+ <li>
167
+ <a href="#mach-eval">A good tip for data evaluation</a>
168
+ </li>
169
+ <li>
170
+ <a href="#mach-more">More about ID3 and decision trees</a>
171
+ </li>
172
+ </ul>
173
+ </div>
174
+
175
+ <a name="N1000C"></a><a name="mach-intro"></a>
176
+ <h2 class="boxed">Introduction to ID3 algorithm</h2>
177
+ <div class="section">
178
+ <p>
179
+ AI4R implements the ID3 algorithm (Quinlan) as one of its automatic classifiers.
180
+ Given a set of preclassified examples, it builds a top-down
181
+ induction of decision tree, biased by the information gain and
182
+ entropy measure.
183
+ </p>
184
+ <p>
185
+ The good thing about this automatic learning method is that humans learns as well.
186
+ Unlike other AI techniques like neural networks, classifiers can
187
+ generate ruby code with if / else sentences. You
188
+ can use this to evaluate parameters on realtime, copy paste them in a
189
+ code, or just read them to learn about your problem domain.
190
+ </p>
191
+ </div>
192
+
193
+
194
+ <a name="N10019"></a><a name="mach-HowTo"></a>
195
+ <h2 class="boxed">Marketing target strategy example using ID3 Decision Trees in Ruby</h2>
196
+ <div class="section">
197
+ <p>Let's suppose that you are writting an application that must identify people as relevant marketing targets or not.
198
+ The only information that you have is a collection of examples, provided by a marketing survey:</p>
199
+ <pre class="code">
200
+
201
+ DATA_LABELS = [ 'city', 'age_range', 'gender', 'marketing_target' ]
202
+
203
+ DATA_SET = [
204
+ ['New York', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
205
+ ['Chicago', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
206
+ ['Chicago', '&lt;30', 'F', 'Y'],
207
+ ['New York', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
208
+ ['New York', '&lt;30', 'M', 'Y'],
209
+ ['Chicago', '[30-50)', 'M', 'Y'],
210
+ ['New York', '[30-50)', 'F', 'N'],
211
+ ['Chicago', '[30-50)', 'F', 'Y'],
212
+ ['New York', '[30-50)', 'F', 'N'],
213
+ ['Chicago', '[50-80]', 'M', 'N'],
214
+ ['New York', '[50-80]', 'F', 'N'],
215
+ ['New York', '[50-80]', 'M', 'N'],
216
+ ['Chicago', '[50-80]', 'M', 'N'],
217
+ ['New York', '[50-80]', 'F', 'N'],
218
+ ['Chicago', '&gt;80', 'F', 'Y']
219
+ ]
220
+
221
+ </pre>
222
+ <p>You can create an ID3 Decision tree to do the dirty job for you:</p>
223
+ <pre class="code">
224
+
225
+ id3 = ID3.new(DATA_SET, DATA_LABELS)
226
+
227
+ </pre>
228
+ <p>The Decision tree will automatically create the "rules" to parse new data,
229
+ and identify new posible marketing targets:</p>
230
+ <pre class="code">
231
+
232
+ id3.to_s
233
+ # =&gt; if age_range=='&lt;30' then marketing_target='Y'
234
+ elsif age_range=='[30-50)' and city=='Chicago' then marketing_target='Y'
235
+ elsif age_range=='[30-50)' and city=='New York' then marketing_target='N'
236
+ elsif age_range=='[50-80]' then marketing_target='N'
237
+ elsif age_range=='&gt;80' then marketing_target='Y'
238
+ else raise 'There was not enough information during training to do a proper induction for this data element' end
239
+
240
+ id3.eval(['New York', '&lt;30', 'M'])
241
+ # =&gt; 'Y'
242
+
243
+ </pre>
244
+ </div>
245
+
246
+
247
+ <a name="N10035"></a><a name="mach-dataload"></a>
248
+ <h2 class="boxed">Better data loading</h2>
249
+ <div class="section">
250
+ <p>
251
+ In real life you will use many more data training examples,
252
+ with more attributes.
253
+ Consider moving your data to an external CSV (comma separate values) file.
254
+ </p>
255
+ <pre class="code">
256
+
257
+ data_set = []
258
+ CSV::Reader.parse(File.open("#{File.dirname(__FILE__)}/data_set.csv", 'r')) do |row|
259
+ data_set &lt;&lt; row
260
+ end
261
+ data_labels = data_set.shift
262
+
263
+ id3 = ID3.new(data_set, data_labels)
264
+ </pre>
265
+ </div>
266
+
267
+
268
+ <a name="N10043"></a><a name="mach-eval"></a>
269
+ <h2 class="boxed">A good tip for data evaluation</h2>
270
+ <div class="section">
271
+ <p>
272
+ The ID3 class provides a method to evaluate new data.
273
+ </p>
274
+ <pre class="code">
275
+
276
+ id3.eval(['New York', '&lt;30', 'M'])
277
+ # =&gt; 'Y'
278
+ </pre>
279
+ <p>
280
+ But instead of going through the tree every time, you can take advantage of the fact that the method "to_s" generates proper ruby code!
281
+ </p>
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+ <pre class="code">
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+
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+ id3 = ID3.new(DATA_SET, DATA_LABELS)
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+ age_range = '&lt;30'
286
+ city = 'New York'
287
+ gender = 'M'
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+ marketing_target = nil
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+ eval id3.to_s
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+ puts marketing_target
291
+ # =&gt; 'Y'
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+ </pre>
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+ </div>
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+
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+
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+ <a name="N10058"></a><a name="mach-more"></a>
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+ <h2 class="boxed">More about ID3 and decision trees</h2>
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+ <div class="section">
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+ <p>
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+
301
+ <a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision_tree">Wikipedia article on Decision trees</a>
302
+ <a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3_algorithm">Wikipedia article on ID3 Algorithm</a>
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+
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+ </p>
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+ </div>
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+
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+ </div>
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+ <!--+
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