activesupport 4.0.12 → 7.0.2.4

data/lib/active_support/time_with_zone.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
-require 'active_support/values/time_zone'
-require 'active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like'
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require "yaml"
+
+require "active_support/duration"
+require "active_support/values/time_zone"
+require "active_support/core_ext/object/acts_like"
+require "active_support/core_ext/date_and_time/compatibility"
 
 module ActiveSupport
   # A Time-like class that can represent a time in any time zone. Necessary
@@ -11,51 +17,61 @@ module ActiveSupport
   # and +in_time_zone+ on Time and DateTime instances.
   #
   #   Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'        # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
-  #   Time.zone.local(2007, 2, 10, 15, 30, 45)        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45 EST -05:00
-  #   Time.zone.parse('2007-02-10 15:30:45')          # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45 EST -05:00
-  #   Time.zone.at(1170361845)                        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45 EST -05:00
-  #   Time.zone.now                                   # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:07:55 EDT -04:00
-  #   Time.utc(2007, 2, 10, 20, 30, 45).in_time_zone  # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45 EST -05:00
+  #   Time.zone.local(2007, 2, 10, 15, 30, 45)        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
+  #   Time.zone.parse('2007-02-10 15:30:45')          # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
+  #   Time.zone.at(1171139445)                        # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
+  #   Time.zone.now                                   # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:07:55.754107581 EDT -04:00
+  #   Time.utc(2007, 2, 10, 20, 30, 45).in_time_zone  # => Sat, 10 Feb 2007 15:30:45.000000000 EST -05:00
   #
   # See Time and TimeZone for further documentation of these methods.
   #
   # TimeWithZone instances implement the same API as Ruby Time instances, so
   # that Time and TimeWithZone instances are interchangeable.
   #
-  #   t = Time.zone.now                     # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25 EDT -04:00
+  #   t = Time.zone.now                     # => Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25.031505668 EDT -04:00
   #   t.hour                                # => 13
   #   t.dst?                                # => true
   #   t.utc_offset                          # => -14400
   #   t.zone                                # => "EDT"
-  #   t.to_s(:rfc822)                       # => "Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25 -0400"
-  #   t + 1.day                             # => Mon, 19 May 2008 13:27:25 EDT -04:00
-  #   t.beginning_of_year                   # => Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 EST -05:00
+  #   t.to_fs(:rfc822)                      # => "Sun, 18 May 2008 13:27:25 -0400"
+  #   t + 1.day                             # => Mon, 19 May 2008 13:27:25.031505668 EDT -04:00
+  #   t.beginning_of_year                   # => Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00.000000000 EST -05:00
   #   t > Time.utc(1999)                    # => true
   #   t.is_a?(Time)                         # => true
   #   t.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone)  # => true
   class TimeWithZone
-
     # Report class name as 'Time' to thwart type checking.
     def self.name
-      'Time'
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~EOM)
+        ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.name has been deprecated and
+        from Rails 7.1 will use the default Ruby implementation.
+        You can set `config.active_support.remove_deprecated_time_with_zone_name = true`
+        to enable the new behavior now.
+      EOM
+
+      "Time"
     end
 
-    include Comparable
+    PRECISIONS = Hash.new { |h, n| h[n] = "%FT%T.%#{n}N" }
+    PRECISIONS[0] = "%FT%T"
+
+    include Comparable, DateAndTime::Compatibility
     attr_reader :time_zone
 
     def initialize(utc_time, time_zone, local_time = nil, period = nil)
-      @utc, @time_zone, @time = utc_time, time_zone, local_time
-      @period = @utc ? period : get_period_and_ensure_valid_local_time
+      @utc = utc_time ? transfer_time_values_to_utc_constructor(utc_time) : nil
+      @time_zone, @time = time_zone, local_time
+      @period = @utc ? period : get_period_and_ensure_valid_local_time(period)
     end
 
-    # Returns a Time or DateTime instance that represents the time in +time_zone+.
+    # Returns a <tt>Time</tt> instance that represents the time in +time_zone+.
     def time
-      @time ||= period.to_local(@utc)
+      @time ||= incorporate_utc_offset(@utc, utc_offset)
     end
 
-    # Returns a Time or DateTime instance that represents the time in UTC.
+    # Returns a <tt>Time</tt> instance of the simultaneous time in the UTC timezone.
     def utc
-      @utc ||= period.to_utc(@time)
+      @utc ||= incorporate_utc_offset(@time, -utc_offset)
     end
     alias_method :comparable_time, :utc
     alias_method :getgm, :utc
@@ -73,10 +89,9 @@ module ActiveSupport
       utc.in_time_zone(new_zone)
     end
 
-    # Returns a <tt>Time.local()</tt> instance of the simultaneous time in your
-    # system's <tt>ENV['TZ']</tt> zone.
-    def localtime
-      utc.respond_to?(:getlocal) ? utc.getlocal : utc.to_time.getlocal
+    # Returns a <tt>Time</tt> instance of the simultaneous time in the system timezone.
+    def localtime(utc_offset = nil)
+      utc.getlocal(utc_offset)
     end
     alias_method :getlocal, :localtime
 
@@ -98,13 +113,13 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #   Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'    # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
     #   Time.zone.now.utc?                          # => false
     def utc?
-      time_zone.name == 'UTC'
+      zone == "UTC" || zone == "UCT"
     end
     alias_method :gmt?, :utc?
 
     # Returns the offset from current time to UTC time in seconds.
     def utc_offset
-      period.utc_total_offset
+      period.observed_utc_offset
     end
     alias_method :gmt_offset, :utc_offset
     alias_method :gmtoff, :utc_offset
@@ -121,24 +136,30 @@ module ActiveSupport
       utc? && alternate_utc_string || TimeZone.seconds_to_utc_offset(utc_offset, colon)
     end
 
-    # Time uses +zone+ to display the time zone abbreviation, so we're
-    # duck-typing it.
+    # Returns the time zone abbreviation.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'   # => "Eastern Time (US & Canada)"
+    #   Time.zone.now.zone # => "EST"
     def zone
-      period.zone_identifier.to_s
+      period.abbreviation
     end
 
+    # Returns a string of the object's date, time, zone, and offset from UTC.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone.now.inspect # => "Thu, 04 Dec 2014 11:00:25.624541392 EST -05:00"
     def inspect
-      "#{time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S')} #{zone} #{formatted_offset}"
+      "#{time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S.%9N')} #{zone} #{formatted_offset}"
     end
 
+    # Returns a string of the object's date and time in the ISO 8601 standard
+    # format.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone.now.xmlschema  # => "2014-12-04T11:02:37-05:00"
     def xmlschema(fraction_digits = 0)
-      fraction = if fraction_digits > 0
-        (".%06i" % time.usec)[0, fraction_digits + 1]
-      end
-
-      "#{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S")}#{fraction}#{formatted_offset(true, 'Z')}"
+      "#{time.strftime(PRECISIONS[fraction_digits.to_i])}#{formatted_offset(true, 'Z')}"
     end
     alias_method :iso8601, :xmlschema
+    alias_method :rfc3339, :xmlschema
 
     # Coerces time to a string for JSON encoding. The default format is ISO 8601.
     # You can get %Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S +offset style by setting
@@ -146,26 +167,26 @@ module ActiveSupport
     # to +false+.
     #
     #   # With ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format = true
-    #   Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone.to_json
-    #   # => "2005-02-01T15:15:10.000Z"
+    #   Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone("Hawaii").to_json
+    #   # => "2005-02-01T05:15:10.000-10:00"
     #
     #   # With ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format = false
-    #   Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone.to_json
-    #   # => "2005/02/01 15:15:10 +0000"
+    #   Time.utc(2005,2,1,15,15,10).in_time_zone("Hawaii").to_json
+    #   # => "2005/02/01 05:15:10 -1000"
     def as_json(options = nil)
       if ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.use_standard_json_time_format
-        xmlschema(3)
+        xmlschema(ActiveSupport::JSON::Encoding.time_precision)
       else
         %(#{time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false)})
       end
     end
 
-    def encode_with(coder)
-      if coder.respond_to?(:represent_object)
-        coder.represent_object(nil, utc)
-      else
-        coder.represent_scalar(nil, utc.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%9NZ"))
-      end
+    def init_with(coder) # :nodoc:
+      initialize(coder["utc"], coder["zone"], coder["time"])
+    end
+
+    def encode_with(coder) # :nodoc:
+      coder.map = { "utc" => utc, "zone" => time_zone, "time" => time }
     end
 
     # Returns a string of the object's date and time in the format used by
@@ -181,38 +202,67 @@ module ActiveSupport
     #
     #   Time.zone.now.rfc2822  # => "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 04:51:39 +0000"
     def rfc2822
-      to_s(:rfc822)
+      to_fs(:rfc822)
     end
     alias_method :rfc822, :rfc2822
 
-    # <tt>:db</tt> format outputs time in UTC; all others output time in local.
-    # Uses TimeWithZone's +strftime+, so <tt>%Z</tt> and <tt>%z</tt> work correctly.
-    def to_s(format = :default)
+    NOT_SET = Object.new # :nodoc:
+
+    # Returns a string of the object's date and time.
+    def to_s(format = NOT_SET)
       if format == :db
-        utc.to_s(format)
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
+          "TimeWithZone#to_s(:db) is deprecated. Please use TimeWithZone#to_fs(:db) instead."
+        )
+        utc.to_fs(format)
       elsif formatter = ::Time::DATE_FORMATS[format]
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
+          "TimeWithZone#to_s(#{format.inspect}) is deprecated. Please use TimeWithZone#to_fs(#{format.inspect}) instead."
+        )
         formatter.respond_to?(:call) ? formatter.call(self).to_s : strftime(formatter)
+      elsif format == NOT_SET
+        "#{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false, 'UTC')}" # mimicking Ruby Time#to_s format
       else
-        "#{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false, 'UTC')}" # mimicking Ruby 1.9 Time#to_s format
+        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(
+          "TimeWithZone#to_s(#{format.inspect}) is deprecated. Please use TimeWithZone#to_fs(#{format.inspect}) instead."
+        )
+        "#{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false, 'UTC')}" # mimicking Ruby Time#to_s format
       end
     end
-    alias_method :to_formatted_s, :to_s
 
-    # Replaces <tt>%Z</tt> and <tt>%z</tt> directives with +zone+ and
-    # +formatted_offset+, respectively, before passing to Time#strftime, so
-    # that zone information is correct
+    # Returns a string of the object's date and time.
+    #
+    # This method is aliased to <tt>to_formatted_s</tt>.
+    #
+    # Accepts an optional <tt>format</tt>:
+    # * <tt>:default</tt> - default value, mimics Ruby Time#to_s format.
+    # * <tt>:db</tt> - format outputs time in UTC :db time. See Time#to_fs(:db).
+    # * Any key in <tt>Time::DATE_FORMATS</tt> can be used. See active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb.
+    def to_fs(format = :default)
+      if format == :db
+        utc.to_fs(format)
+      elsif formatter = ::Time::DATE_FORMATS[format]
+        formatter.respond_to?(:call) ? formatter.call(self).to_s : strftime(formatter)
+      else
+        # Change to to_s when deprecation is gone.
+        "#{time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")} #{formatted_offset(false, 'UTC')}"
+      end
+    end
+    alias_method :to_formatted_s, :to_fs
+
+    # Replaces <tt>%Z</tt> directive with +zone before passing to Time#strftime,
+    # so that zone information is correct.
     def strftime(format)
-      format = format.gsub('%Z', zone)
-                     .gsub('%z',   formatted_offset(false))
-                     .gsub('%:z',  formatted_offset(true))
-                     .gsub('%::z', formatted_offset(true) + ":00")
-      time.strftime(format)
+      format = format.gsub(/((?:\A|[^%])(?:%%)*)%Z/, "\\1#{zone}")
+      getlocal(utc_offset).strftime(format)
     end
 
     # Use the time in UTC for comparisons.
     def <=>(other)
       utc <=> other
     end
+    alias_method :before?, :<
+    alias_method :after?, :>
 
     # Returns true if the current object's time is within the specified
     # +min+ and +max+ time.
@@ -231,22 +281,51 @@ module ActiveSupport
       time.today?
     end
 
+    # Returns true if the current object's time falls within
+    # the next day (tomorrow).
+    def tomorrow?
+      time.tomorrow?
+    end
+    alias :next_day? :tomorrow?
+
+    # Returns true if the current object's time falls within
+    # the previous day (yesterday).
+    def yesterday?
+      time.yesterday?
+    end
+    alias :prev_day? :yesterday?
+
     # Returns true if the current object's time is in the future.
     def future?
       utc.future?
     end
 
+    # Returns +true+ if +other+ is equal to current object.
     def eql?(other)
-      utc.eql?(other)
+      other.eql?(utc)
     end
 
     def hash
       utc.hash
     end
 
+    # Adds an interval of time to the current object's time and returns that
+    # value as a new TimeWithZone object.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
+    #   now = Time.zone.now # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
+    #   now + 1000          # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:43:08.725182881 EDT -04:00
+    #
+    # If we're adding a Duration of variable length (i.e., years, months, days),
+    # move forward from #time, otherwise move forward from #utc, for accuracy
+    # when moving across DST boundaries.
+    #
+    # For instance, a time + 24.hours will advance exactly 24 hours, while a
+    # time + 1.day will advance 23-25 hours, depending on the day.
+    #
+    #   now + 24.hours      # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
+    #   now + 1.day         # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
     def +(other)
-      # If we're adding a Duration of variable length (i.e., years, months, days), move forward from #time,
-      # otherwise move forward from #utc, for accuracy when moving across DST boundaries
       if duration_of_variable_length?(other)
         method_missing(:+, other)
       else
@@ -254,12 +333,36 @@ module ActiveSupport
         result.in_time_zone(time_zone)
       end
     end
+    alias_method :since, :+
+    alias_method :in, :+
 
+    # Subtracts an interval of time and returns a new TimeWithZone object unless
+    # the other value +acts_like?+ time. Then it will return a Float of the difference
+    # between the two times that represents the difference between the current
+    # object's time and the +other+ time.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
+    #   now = Time.zone.now # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
+    #   now - 1000          # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:09:48.725182881 EST -05:00
+    #
+    # If subtracting a Duration of variable length (i.e., years, months, days),
+    # move backward from #time, otherwise move backward from #utc, for accuracy
+    # when moving across DST boundaries.
+    #
+    # For instance, a time - 24.hours will go subtract exactly 24 hours, while a
+    # time - 1.day will subtract 23-25 hours, depending on the day.
+    #
+    #   now - 24.hours      # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
+    #   now - 1.day         # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
+    #
+    # If both the TimeWithZone object and the other value act like Time, a Float
+    # will be returned.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone.now - 1.day.ago # => 86399.999967
+    #
     def -(other)
-      # If we're subtracting a Duration of variable length (i.e., years, months, days), move backwards from #time,
-      # otherwise move backwards #utc, for accuracy when moving across DST boundaries
       if other.acts_like?(:time)
-        utc.to_f - other.to_f
+        to_time - other.to_time
       elsif duration_of_variable_length?(other)
         method_missing(:-, other)
       else
@@ -268,20 +371,84 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
     end
 
-    def since(other)
-      # If we're adding a Duration of variable length (i.e., years, months, days), move forward from #time,
-      # otherwise move forward from #utc, for accuracy when moving across DST boundaries
-      if duration_of_variable_length?(other)
-        method_missing(:since, other)
-      else
-        utc.since(other).in_time_zone(time_zone)
-      end
-    end
-
+    # Subtracts an interval of time from the current object's time and returns
+    # the result as a new TimeWithZone object.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
+    #   now = Time.zone.now # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EST -05:00
+    #   now.ago(1000)       # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 00:09:48.725182881 EST -05:00
+    #
+    # If we're subtracting a Duration of variable length (i.e., years, months,
+    # days), move backward from #time, otherwise move backward from #utc, for
+    # accuracy when moving across DST boundaries.
+    #
+    # For instance, <tt>time.ago(24.hours)</tt> will move back exactly 24 hours,
+    # while <tt>time.ago(1.day)</tt> will move back 23-25 hours, depending on
+    # the day.
+    #
+    #   now.ago(24.hours)   # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
+    #   now.ago(1.day)      # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 00:26:28.725182881 EDT -04:00
     def ago(other)
       since(-other)
     end
 
+    # Returns a new +ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone+ where one or more of the elements have
+    # been changed according to the +options+ parameter. The time options (<tt>:hour</tt>,
+    # <tt>:min</tt>, <tt>:sec</tt>, <tt>:usec</tt>, <tt>:nsec</tt>) reset cascadingly,
+    # so if only the hour is passed, then minute, sec, usec and nsec is set to 0. If the
+    # hour and minute is passed, then sec, usec and nsec is set to 0. The +options+
+    # parameter takes a hash with any of these keys: <tt>:year</tt>, <tt>:month</tt>,
+    # <tt>:day</tt>, <tt>:hour</tt>, <tt>:min</tt>, <tt>:sec</tt>, <tt>:usec</tt>,
+    # <tt>:nsec</tt>, <tt>:offset</tt>, <tt>:zone</tt>. Pass either <tt>:usec</tt>
+    # or <tt>:nsec</tt>, not both. Similarly, pass either <tt>:zone</tt> or
+    # <tt>:offset</tt>, not both.
+    #
+    #   t = Time.zone.now          # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 EST -05:00
+    #   t.change(year: 2020)       # => Tue, 14 Apr 2020 11:45:15.116992711 EST -05:00
+    #   t.change(hour: 12)         # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 12:00:00.116992711 EST -05:00
+    #   t.change(min: 30)          # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:30:00.116992711 EST -05:00
+    #   t.change(offset: "-10:00") # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 HST -10:00
+    #   t.change(zone: "Hawaii")   # => Fri, 14 Apr 2017 11:45:15.116992711 HST -10:00
+    def change(options)
+      if options[:zone] && options[:offset]
+        raise ArgumentError, "Can't change both :offset and :zone at the same time: #{options.inspect}"
+      end
+
+      new_time = time.change(options)
+
+      if options[:zone]
+        new_zone = ::Time.find_zone(options[:zone])
+      elsif options[:offset]
+        new_zone = ::Time.find_zone(new_time.utc_offset)
+      end
+
+      new_zone ||= time_zone
+      periods = new_zone.periods_for_local(new_time)
+
+      self.class.new(nil, new_zone, new_time, periods.include?(period) ? period : nil)
+    end
+
+    # Uses Date to provide precise Time calculations for years, months, and days
+    # according to the proleptic Gregorian calendar. The result is returned as a
+    # new TimeWithZone object.
+    #
+    # The +options+ parameter takes a hash with any of these keys:
+    # <tt>:years</tt>, <tt>:months</tt>, <tt>:weeks</tt>, <tt>:days</tt>,
+    # <tt>:hours</tt>, <tt>:minutes</tt>, <tt>:seconds</tt>.
+    #
+    # If advancing by a value of variable length (i.e., years, weeks, months,
+    # days), move forward from #time, otherwise move forward from #utc, for
+    # accuracy when moving across DST boundaries.
+    #
+    #   Time.zone = 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)' # => 'Eastern Time (US & Canada)'
+    #   now = Time.zone.now # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EDT -04:00
+    #   now.advance(seconds: 1) # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:29.558049687 EDT -04:00
+    #   now.advance(minutes: 1) # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:27:28.558049687 EDT -04:00
+    #   now.advance(hours: 1)   # => Sun, 02 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
+    #   now.advance(days: 1)    # => Mon, 03 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
+    #   now.advance(weeks: 1)   # => Sun, 09 Nov 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
+    #   now.advance(months: 1)  # => Tue, 02 Dec 2014 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
+    #   now.advance(years: 1)   # => Mon, 02 Nov 2015 01:26:28.558049687 EST -05:00
     def advance(options)
       # If we're advancing a value of variable length (i.e., years, weeks, months, days), advance from #time,
       # otherwise advance from #utc, for accuracy when moving across DST boundaries
@@ -300,30 +467,57 @@ module ActiveSupport
       EOV
     end
 
+    # Returns Array of parts of Time in sequence of
+    # [seconds, minutes, hours, day, month, year, weekday, yearday, dst?, zone].
+    #
+    #   now = Time.zone.now     # => Tue, 18 Aug 2015 02:29:27.485278555 UTC +00:00
+    #   now.to_a                # => [27, 29, 2, 18, 8, 2015, 2, 230, false, "UTC"]
     def to_a
       [time.sec, time.min, time.hour, time.day, time.mon, time.year, time.wday, time.yday, dst?, zone]
     end
 
+    # Returns the object's date and time as a floating-point number of seconds
+    # since the Epoch (January 1, 1970 00:00 UTC).
+    #
+    #   Time.zone.now.to_f # => 1417709320.285418
     def to_f
       utc.to_f
     end
 
+    # Returns the object's date and time as an integer number of seconds
+    # since the Epoch (January 1, 1970 00:00 UTC).
+    #
+    #   Time.zone.now.to_i # => 1417709320
     def to_i
       utc.to_i
     end
     alias_method :tv_sec, :to_i
 
+    # Returns the object's date and time as a rational number of seconds
+    # since the Epoch (January 1, 1970 00:00 UTC).
+    #
+    #   Time.zone.now.to_r # => (708854548642709/500000)
     def to_r
       utc.to_r
     end
 
-    # Return an instance of Time in the system timezone.
-    def to_time
-      utc.to_time
+    # Returns an instance of DateTime with the timezone's UTC offset
+    #
+    #   Time.zone.now.to_datetime                         # => Tue, 18 Aug 2015 02:32:20 +0000
+    #   Time.current.in_time_zone('Hawaii').to_datetime   # => Mon, 17 Aug 2015 16:32:20 -1000
+    def to_datetime
+      @to_datetime ||= utc.to_datetime.new_offset(Rational(utc_offset, 86_400))
     end
 
-    def to_datetime
-      utc.to_datetime.new_offset(Rational(utc_offset, 86_400))
+    # Returns an instance of +Time+, either with the same UTC offset
+    # as +self+ or in the local system timezone depending on the setting
+    # of +ActiveSupport.to_time_preserves_timezone+.
+    def to_time
+      if preserve_timezone
+        @to_time_with_instance_offset ||= getlocal(utc_offset)
+      else
+        @to_time_with_system_offset ||= getlocal
+      end
     end
 
     # So that +self+ <tt>acts_like?(:time)</tt>.
@@ -337,8 +531,14 @@ module ActiveSupport
     end
     alias_method :kind_of?, :is_a?
 
+    # An instance of ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone is never blank
+    def blank?
+      false
+    end
+
     def freeze
-      period; utc; time # preload instance variables before freezing
+      # preload instance variables before freezing
+      period; utc; time; to_datetime; to_time
       super
     end
 
@@ -350,10 +550,17 @@ module ActiveSupport
       initialize(variables[0].utc, ::Time.find_zone(variables[1]), variables[2].utc)
     end
 
+    # respond_to_missing? is not called in some cases, such as when type conversion is
+    # performed with Kernel#String
+    def respond_to?(sym, include_priv = false)
+      # ensure that we're not going to throw and rescue from NoMethodError in method_missing which is slow
+      return false if sym.to_sym == :to_str
+      super
+    end
+
     # Ensure proxy class responds to all methods that underlying time instance
     # responds to.
     def respond_to_missing?(sym, include_priv)
-      # consistently respond false to acts_like?(:date), regardless of whether #time is a Time or DateTime
       return false if sym.to_sym == :acts_like_date?
       time.respond_to?(sym, include_priv)
     end
@@ -363,16 +570,26 @@ module ActiveSupport
     def method_missing(sym, *args, &block)
       wrap_with_time_zone time.__send__(sym, *args, &block)
     rescue NoMethodError => e
-      raise e, e.message.sub(time.inspect, self.inspect), e.backtrace
+      raise e, e.message.sub(time.inspect, inspect).sub("Time", "ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone"), e.backtrace
     end
 
     private
-      def get_period_and_ensure_valid_local_time
+      SECONDS_PER_DAY = 86400
+
+      def incorporate_utc_offset(time, offset)
+        if time.kind_of?(Date)
+          time + Rational(offset, SECONDS_PER_DAY)
+        else
+          time + offset
+        end
+      end
+
+      def get_period_and_ensure_valid_local_time(period)
         # we don't want a Time.local instance enforcing its own DST rules as well,
         # so transfer time values to a utc constructor if necessary
         @time = transfer_time_values_to_utc_constructor(@time) unless @time.utc?
         begin
-          @time_zone.period_for_local(@time)
+          period || @time_zone.period_for_local(@time)
         rescue ::TZInfo::PeriodNotFound
           # time is in the "spring forward" hour gap, so we're moving the time forward one hour and trying again
           @time += 1.hour
@@ -381,16 +598,19 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
 
       def transfer_time_values_to_utc_constructor(time)
-        ::Time.utc(time.year, time.month, time.day, time.hour, time.min, time.sec, Rational(time.nsec, 1000))
+        # avoid creating another Time object if possible
+        return time if time.instance_of?(::Time) && time.utc?
+        ::Time.utc(time.year, time.month, time.day, time.hour, time.min, time.sec + time.subsec)
       end
 
       def duration_of_variable_length?(obj)
-        ActiveSupport::Duration === obj && obj.parts.any? {|p| [:years, :months, :days].include?(p[0]) }
+        ActiveSupport::Duration === obj && obj.variable?
       end
 
       def wrap_with_time_zone(time)
         if time.acts_like?(:time)
-          self.class.new(nil, time_zone, time)
+          periods = time_zone.periods_for_local(time)
+          self.class.new(nil, time_zone, time, periods.include?(period) ? period : nil)
         elsif time.is_a?(Range)
           wrap_with_time_zone(time.begin)..wrap_with_time_zone(time.end)
         else
@@ -399,3 +619,8 @@ module ActiveSupport
       end
   end
 end
+
+# These prevent Psych from calling `ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.name`
+# and triggering the deprecation warning about the change in Rails 7.1.
+YAML.load_tags["!ruby/object:ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone"] = "ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone"
+YAML.dump_tags[ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone] = "!ruby/object:ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone"