activerecord 6.1.7.4 → 7.0.6

data/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     #   ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(:production)
     #
-    # The exceptions AdapterNotSpecified, AdapterNotFound and +ArgumentError+
+    # The exceptions AdapterNotSpecified, AdapterNotFound, and +ArgumentError+
     # may be returned on an error.
     def establish_connection(config_or_env = nil)
       config_or_env ||= DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_sym
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       connections
     end
 
-    # Connects to a role (ex writing, reading or a custom role) and/or
+    # Connects to a role (e.g. writing, reading, or a custom role) and/or
     # shard for the duration of the block. At the end of the block the
     # connection will be returned to the original role / shard.
     #
@@ -134,10 +134,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading, shard: :shard_one_replica) do
     #     Dog.first # finds first Dog record stored on the shard one replica
     #   end
-    #
-    # The database kwarg is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.0.0 without replacement.
-    def connected_to(database: nil, role: nil, shard: nil, prevent_writes: false, &blk)
-      if legacy_connection_handling
+    def connected_to(role: nil, shard: nil, prevent_writes: false, &blk)
+      if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
         if self != Base
           raise NotImplementedError, "`connected_to` can only be called on ActiveRecord::Base with legacy connection handling."
         end
@@ -151,31 +149,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      if database && (role || shard)
-        raise ArgumentError, "`connected_to` cannot accept a `database` argument with any other arguments."
-      elsif database
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("The database key in `connected_to` is deprecated. It will be removed in Rails 7.0.0 without replacement.")
-
-        if database.is_a?(Hash)
-          role, database = database.first
-          role = role.to_sym
-        end
-
-        db_config, owner_name = resolve_config_for_connection(database)
-        handler = lookup_connection_handler(role)
-
-        handler.establish_connection(db_config, owner_name: owner_name, role: role)
-
-        with_handler(role, &blk)
-      elsif role || shard
-        unless role
-          raise ArgumentError, "`connected_to` cannot accept a `shard` argument without a `role`."
-        end
-
-        with_role_and_shard(role, shard, prevent_writes, &blk)
-      else
+      unless role || shard
         raise ArgumentError, "must provide a `shard` and/or `role`."
       end
+
+      with_role_and_shard(role, shard, prevent_writes, &blk)
     end
 
     # Connects a role and/or shard to the provided connection names. Optionally +prevent_writes+
@@ -194,7 +172,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     def connected_to_many(*classes, role:, shard: nil, prevent_writes: false)
       classes = classes.flatten
 
-      if legacy_connection_handling
+      if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
         raise NotImplementedError, "connected_to_many is not available with legacy connection handling"
       end
 
@@ -202,9 +180,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
         raise NotImplementedError, "connected_to_many can only be called on ActiveRecord::Base."
       end
 
-      prevent_writes = true if role == reading_role
+      prevent_writes = true if role == ActiveRecord.reading_role
 
-      connected_to_stack << { role: role, shard: shard, prevent_writes: prevent_writes, klasses: classes }
+      append_to_connected_to_stack(role: role, shard: shard, prevent_writes: prevent_writes, klasses: classes)
       yield
     ensure
       connected_to_stack.pop
@@ -218,13 +196,32 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # It is not recommended to use this method in a request since it
     # does not yield to a block like +connected_to+.
     def connecting_to(role: default_role, shard: default_shard, prevent_writes: false)
-      if legacy_connection_handling
+      if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
         raise NotImplementedError, "`connecting_to` is not available with `legacy_connection_handling`."
       end
 
-      prevent_writes = true if role == reading_role
+      prevent_writes = true if role == ActiveRecord.reading_role
 
-      self.connected_to_stack << { role: role, shard: shard, prevent_writes: prevent_writes, klasses: [self] }
+      append_to_connected_to_stack(role: role, shard: shard, prevent_writes: prevent_writes, klasses: [self])
+    end
+
+    # Prohibit swapping shards while inside of the passed block.
+    #
+    # In some cases you may want to be able to swap shards but not allow a
+    # nested call to connected_to or connected_to_many to swap again. This
+    # is useful in cases you're using sharding to provide per-request
+    # database isolation.
+    def prohibit_shard_swapping(enabled = true)
+      prev_value = ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_prohibit_shard_swapping]
+      ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_prohibit_shard_swapping] = enabled
+      yield
+    ensure
+      ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_prohibit_shard_swapping] = prev_value
+    end
+
+    # Determine whether or not shard swapping is currently prohibited
+    def shard_swapping_prohibited?
+      ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_prohibit_shard_swapping]
     end
 
     # Prevent writing to the database regardless of role.
@@ -239,7 +236,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # See +READ_QUERY+ for the queries that are blocked by this
     # method.
     def while_preventing_writes(enabled = true, &block)
-      if legacy_connection_handling
+      if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
         connection_handler.while_preventing_writes(enabled, &block)
       else
         connected_to(role: current_role, prevent_writes: enabled, &block)
@@ -257,8 +254,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     def lookup_connection_handler(handler_key) # :nodoc:
-      if ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling
-        handler_key ||= ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role
+      if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
+        handler_key ||= ActiveRecord.writing_role
         connection_handlers[handler_key] ||= ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
       else
         ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler
@@ -267,7 +264,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
     # Clears the query cache for all connections associated with the current thread.
     def clear_query_caches_for_current_thread
-      if ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling
+      if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
         ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handlers.each_value do |handler|
           clear_on_handler(handler)
         end
@@ -294,19 +291,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     def primary_class? # :nodoc:
-      self == Base || defined?(ApplicationRecord) && self == ApplicationRecord
-    end
-
-    # Returns the configuration of the associated connection as a hash:
-    #
-    #  ActiveRecord::Base.connection_config
-    #  # => {pool: 5, timeout: 5000, database: "db/development.sqlite3", adapter: "sqlite3"}
-    #
-    # Please use only for reading.
-    def connection_config
-      connection_pool.db_config.configuration_hash
+      self == Base || application_record_class?
     end
-    deprecate connection_config: "Use connection_db_config instead"
 
     # Returns the db_config object from the associated connection:
     #
@@ -374,17 +360,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def with_role_and_shard(role, shard, prevent_writes)
-        prevent_writes = true if role == reading_role
+        prevent_writes = true if role == ActiveRecord.reading_role
 
-        if ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling
+        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
           with_handler(role.to_sym) do
             connection_handler.while_preventing_writes(prevent_writes) do
-              self.connected_to_stack << { shard: shard, klasses: [self] }
+              append_to_connected_to_stack(shard: shard, klasses: [self])
               yield
             end
           end
         else
-          self.connected_to_stack << { role: role, shard: shard, prevent_writes: prevent_writes, klasses: [self] }
+          append_to_connected_to_stack(role: role, shard: shard, prevent_writes: prevent_writes, klasses: [self])
           return_value = yield
           return_value.load if return_value.is_a? ActiveRecord::Relation
           return_value
@@ -393,6 +379,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         self.connected_to_stack.pop
       end
 
+      def append_to_connected_to_stack(entry)
+        if shard_swapping_prohibited? && entry[:shard].present?
+          raise ArgumentError, "cannot swap `shard` while shard swapping is prohibited."
+        end
+
+        connected_to_stack << entry
+      end
+
       def swap_connection_handler(handler, &blk) # :nodoc:
         old_handler, ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler, handler
         return_value = yield

data/lib/active_record/core.rb

@@ -17,20 +17,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # Accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r which is then
       # passed on to any new database connections made and which can be
       # retrieved on both a class and instance level by calling +logger+.
-      mattr_accessor :logger, instance_writer: false
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      #
-      # Specifies if the methods calling database queries should be logged below
-      # their relevant queries. Defaults to false.
-      mattr_accessor :verbose_query_logs, instance_writer: false, default: false
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      #
-      # Specifies the names of the queues used by background jobs.
-      mattr_accessor :queues, instance_accessor: false, default: {}
+      class_attribute :logger, instance_writer: false
 
       ##
       # :singleton-method:
@@ -72,80 +59,17 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       ##
       # :singleton-method:
-      # Determines whether to use Time.utc (using :utc) or Time.local (using :local) when pulling
-      # dates and times from the database. This is set to :utc by default.
-      mattr_accessor :default_timezone, instance_writer: false, default: :utc
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Specifies the format to use when dumping the database schema with Rails'
-      # Rakefile. If :sql, the schema is dumped as (potentially database-
-      # specific) SQL statements. If :ruby, the schema is dumped as an
-      # ActiveRecord::Schema file which can be loaded into any database that
-      # supports migrations. Use :ruby if you want to have different database
-      # adapters for, e.g., your development and test environments.
-      mattr_accessor :schema_format, instance_writer: false, default: :ruby
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Specifies if an error should be raised if the query has an order being
-      # ignored when doing batch queries. Useful in applications where the
-      # scope being ignored is error-worthy, rather than a warning.
-      mattr_accessor :error_on_ignored_order, instance_writer: false, default: false
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Specify whether or not to use timestamps for migration versions
-      mattr_accessor :timestamped_migrations, instance_writer: false, default: true
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Specify whether schema dump should happen at the end of the
-      # db:migrate rails command. This is true by default, which is useful for the
-      # development environment. This should ideally be false in the production
-      # environment where dumping schema is rarely needed.
-      mattr_accessor :dump_schema_after_migration, instance_writer: false, default: true
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Specifies which database schemas to dump when calling db:schema:dump.
-      # If the value is :schema_search_path (the default), any schemas listed in
-      # schema_search_path are dumped. Use :all to dump all schemas regardless
-      # of schema_search_path, or a string of comma separated schemas for a
-      # custom list.
-      mattr_accessor :dump_schemas, instance_writer: false, default: :schema_search_path
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Specify a threshold for the size of query result sets. If the number of
-      # records in the set exceeds the threshold, a warning is logged. This can
-      # be used to identify queries which load thousands of records and
-      # potentially cause memory bloat.
-      mattr_accessor :warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than, instance_writer: false
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Show a warning when Rails couldn't parse your database.yml
-      # for multiple databases.
-      mattr_accessor :suppress_multiple_database_warning, instance_writer: false, default: false
-
-      mattr_accessor :maintain_test_schema, instance_accessor: false
+      # Force enumeration of all columns in SELECT statements.
+      # e.g. <tt>SELECT first_name, last_name FROM ...</tt> instead of <tt>SELECT * FROM ...</tt>
+      # This avoids +PreparedStatementCacheExpired+ errors when a column is added
+      # to the database while the app is running.
+      class_attribute :enumerate_columns_in_select_statements, instance_accessor: false, default: false
 
       class_attribute :belongs_to_required_by_default, instance_accessor: false
 
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Set the application to log or raise when an association violates strict loading.
-      # Defaults to :raise.
-      mattr_accessor :action_on_strict_loading_violation, instance_accessor: false, default: :raise
-
       class_attribute :strict_loading_by_default, instance_accessor: false, default: false
 
-      mattr_accessor :writing_role, instance_accessor: false, default: :writing
-
-      mattr_accessor :reading_role, instance_accessor: false, default: :reading
-
-      mattr_accessor :has_many_inversing, instance_accessor: false, default: false
+      class_attribute :has_many_inversing, instance_accessor: false, default: false
 
       class_attribute :default_connection_handler, instance_writer: false
 
@@ -153,35 +77,31 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       class_attribute :default_shard, instance_writer: false
 
-      mattr_accessor :legacy_connection_handling, instance_writer: false, default: true
+      class_attribute :shard_selector, instance_accessor: false, default: nil
 
-      # Application configurable boolean that instructs the YAML Coder to use
-      # an unsafe load if set to true.
-      mattr_accessor :use_yaml_unsafe_load, instance_writer: false, default: false
-
-      # Application configurable array that provides additional permitted classes
-      # to Psych safe_load in the YAML Coder
-      mattr_accessor :yaml_column_permitted_classes, instance_writer: false, default: [Symbol]
-
-      ##
-      # :singleton-method:
-      # Application configurable boolean that denotes whether or not to raise
-      # an exception when the PostgreSQLAdapter is provided with an integer that is
-      # wider than signed 64bit representation
-      mattr_accessor :raise_int_wider_than_64bit, instance_writer: false, default: true
+      def self.application_record_class? # :nodoc:
+        if ActiveRecord.application_record_class
+          self == ActiveRecord.application_record_class
+        else
+          if defined?(ApplicationRecord) && self == ApplicationRecord
+            true
+          end
+        end
+      end
 
       self.filter_attributes = []
 
       def self.connection_handler
-        Thread.current.thread_variable_get(:ar_connection_handler) || default_connection_handler
+        ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_connection_handler] || default_connection_handler
       end
 
       def self.connection_handler=(handler)
-        Thread.current.thread_variable_set(:ar_connection_handler, handler)
+        ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_connection_handler] = handler
       end
 
       def self.connection_handlers
-        unless legacy_connection_handling
+        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
+        else
           raise NotImplementedError, "The new connection handling does not support accessing multiple connection handlers."
         end
 
@@ -189,13 +109,32 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def self.connection_handlers=(handlers)
-        unless legacy_connection_handling
-          raise NotImplementedError, "The new connection handling does not setting support multiple connection handlers."
+        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
+          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
+            Using legacy connection handling is deprecated. Please set
+            `legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in your application.
+
+            The new connection handling does not support `connection_handlers`
+            getter and setter.
+
+            Read more about how to migrate at: https://guides.rubyonrails.org/active_record_multiple_databases.html#migrate-to-the-new-connection-handling
+          MSG
+        else
+          raise NotImplementedError, "The new connection handling does not support multiple connection handlers."
         end
 
         @@connection_handlers = handlers
       end
 
+      def self.asynchronous_queries_session # :nodoc:
+        asynchronous_queries_tracker.current_session
+      end
+
+      def self.asynchronous_queries_tracker # :nodoc:
+        ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_asynchronous_queries_tracker] ||= \
+          AsynchronousQueriesTracker.new
+      end
+
       # Returns the symbol representing the current connected role.
       #
       #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
@@ -206,12 +145,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :reading
       #   end
       def self.current_role
-        if ActiveRecord::Base.legacy_connection_handling
+        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
           connection_handlers.key(connection_handler) || default_role
         else
           connected_to_stack.reverse_each do |hash|
             return hash[:role] if hash[:role] && hash[:klasses].include?(Base)
-            return hash[:role] if hash[:role] && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_classes)
+            return hash[:role] if hash[:role] && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_class_for_self)
           end
 
           default_role
@@ -230,7 +169,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       def self.current_shard
         connected_to_stack.reverse_each do |hash|
           return hash[:shard] if hash[:shard] && hash[:klasses].include?(Base)
-          return hash[:shard] if hash[:shard] && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_classes)
+          return hash[:shard] if hash[:shard] && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_class_for_self)
         end
 
         default_shard
@@ -247,12 +186,12 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_preventing_writes #=> false
       #   end
       def self.current_preventing_writes
-        if legacy_connection_handling
+        if ActiveRecord.legacy_connection_handling
           connection_handler.prevent_writes
         else
           connected_to_stack.reverse_each do |hash|
             return hash[:prevent_writes] if !hash[:prevent_writes].nil? && hash[:klasses].include?(Base)
-            return hash[:prevent_writes] if !hash[:prevent_writes].nil? && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_classes)
+            return hash[:prevent_writes] if !hash[:prevent_writes].nil? && hash[:klasses].include?(connection_class_for_self)
           end
 
           false
@@ -260,11 +199,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def self.connected_to_stack # :nodoc:
-        if connected_to_stack = Thread.current.thread_variable_get(:ar_connected_to_stack)
+        if connected_to_stack = ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_connected_to_stack]
           connected_to_stack
         else
           connected_to_stack = Concurrent::Array.new
-          Thread.current.thread_variable_set(:ar_connected_to_stack, connected_to_stack)
+          ActiveSupport::IsolatedExecutionState[:active_record_connected_to_stack] = connected_to_stack
           connected_to_stack
         end
       end
@@ -273,7 +212,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         @connection_class = b
       end
 
-      def self.connection_class # :nodoc
+      def self.connection_class # :nodoc:
         @connection_class ||= false
       end
 
@@ -281,7 +220,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         self.connection_class
       end
 
-      def self.connection_classes # :nodoc:
+      def self.connection_class_for_self # :nodoc:
         klass = self
 
         until klass == Base
@@ -292,22 +231,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
         klass
       end
 
-      def self.allow_unsafe_raw_sql # :nodoc:
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.0")
-      end
-
-      def self.allow_unsafe_raw_sql=(value) # :nodoc:
-        ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn("ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql= is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.0")
-      end
-
       self.default_connection_handler = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
-      self.default_role = writing_role
+      self.default_role = ActiveRecord.writing_role
       self.default_shard = :default
 
       def self.strict_loading_violation!(owner:, reflection:) # :nodoc:
-        case action_on_strict_loading_violation
+        case ActiveRecord.action_on_strict_loading_violation
         when :raise
-          message = "`#{owner}` is marked for strict_loading. The `#{reflection.klass}` association named `:#{reflection.name}` cannot be lazily loaded."
+          message = reflection.strict_loading_violation_message(owner)
           raise ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError.new(message)
         when :log
           name = "strict_loading_violation.active_record"
@@ -396,7 +327,32 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def find_by!(*args) # :nodoc:
-        find_by(*args) || raise(RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{name}", name))
+        find_by(*args) || where(*args).raise_record_not_found_exception!
+      end
+
+      %w(
+        reading_role writing_role legacy_connection_handling default_timezone index_nested_attribute_errors
+        verbose_query_logs queues warn_on_records_fetched_greater_than maintain_test_schema
+        application_record_class action_on_strict_loading_violation schema_format error_on_ignored_order
+        timestamped_migrations dump_schema_after_migration dump_schemas suppress_multiple_database_warning
+      ).each do |attr|
+        module_eval(<<~RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+          def #{attr}
+            ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
+              ActiveRecord::Base.#{attr} is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.1.
+              Use `ActiveRecord.#{attr}` instead.
+            MSG
+            ActiveRecord.#{attr}
+          end
+
+          def #{attr}=(value)
+            ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn(<<~MSG)
+              ActiveRecord::Base.#{attr}= is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 7.1.
+              Use `ActiveRecord.#{attr}=` instead.
+            MSG
+            ActiveRecord.#{attr} = value
+          end
+        RUBY
       end
 
       def initialize_generated_modules # :nodoc:
@@ -455,25 +411,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
-      # Overwrite the default class equality method to provide support for decorated models.
+      # Override the default class equality method to provide support for decorated models.
       def ===(object) # :nodoc:
         object.is_a?(self)
       end
 
       # Returns an instance of <tt>Arel::Table</tt> loaded with the current table name.
-      #
-      #   class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      #     scope :published_and_commented, -> { published.and(arel_table[:comments_count].gt(0)) }
-      #   end
       def arel_table # :nodoc:
         @arel_table ||= Arel::Table.new(table_name, klass: self)
       end
 
-      def arel_attribute(name, table = arel_table) # :nodoc:
-        table[name]
-      end
-      deprecate :arel_attribute
-
       def predicate_builder # :nodoc:
         @predicate_builder ||= PredicateBuilder.new(table_metadata)
       end
@@ -482,10 +429,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         TypeCaster::Map.new(self)
       end
 
-      def _internal? # :nodoc:
-        false
-      end
-
       def cached_find_by_statement(key, &block) # :nodoc:
         cache = @find_by_statement_cache[connection.prepared_statements]
         cache.compute_if_absent(key) { StatementCache.create(connection, &block) }
@@ -543,7 +486,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   post.init_with(coder)
     #   post.title # => 'hello world'
     def init_with(coder, &block)
-      coder = LegacyYamlAdapter.convert(self.class, coder)
+      coder = LegacyYamlAdapter.convert(coder)
       attributes = self.class.yaml_encoder.decode(coder)
       init_with_attributes(attributes, coder["new_record"], &block)
     end
@@ -645,6 +588,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # Delegates to id in order to allow two records of the same type and id to work with something like:
     #   [ Person.find(1), Person.find(2), Person.find(3) ] & [ Person.find(1), Person.find(4) ] # => [ Person.find(1) ]
     def hash
+      id = self.id
+
       if id
         self.class.hash ^ id.hash
       else
@@ -696,11 +641,37 @@ module ActiveRecord
     # if the record tries to lazily load an association.
     #
     #   user = User.first
-    #   user.strict_loading!
-    #   user.comments.to_a
+    #   user.strict_loading! # => true
+    #   user.comments
     #   => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError
-    def strict_loading!
-      @strict_loading = true
+    #
+    # === Parameters:
+    #
+    # * value - Boolean specifying whether to enable or disable strict loading.
+    # * mode - Symbol specifying strict loading mode. Defaults to :all. Using
+    #          :n_plus_one_only mode will only raise an error if an association
+    #          that will lead to an n plus one query is lazily loaded.
+    #
+    # === Example:
+    #
+    #   user = User.first
+    #   user.strict_loading!(false) # => false
+    #   user.comments
+    #   => #<ActiveRecord::Associations::CollectionProxy>
+    def strict_loading!(value = true, mode: :all)
+      unless [:all, :n_plus_one_only].include?(mode)
+        raise ArgumentError, "The :mode option must be one of [:all, :n_plus_one_only]."
+      end
+
+      @strict_loading_mode = mode
+      @strict_loading = value
+    end
+
+    attr_reader :strict_loading_mode
+
+    # Returns +true+ if the record uses strict_loading with +:n_plus_one_only+ mode enabled.
+    def strict_loading_n_plus_one_only?
+      @strict_loading_mode == :n_plus_one_only
     end
 
     # Marks this record as read only.
@@ -717,11 +688,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
       # We check defined?(@attributes) not to issue warnings if the object is
       # allocated but not initialized.
       inspection = if defined?(@attributes) && @attributes
-        self.class.attribute_names.collect do |name|
+        self.class.attribute_names.filter_map do |name|
           if _has_attribute?(name)
             "#{name}: #{attribute_for_inspect(name)}"
           end
-        end.compact.join(", ")
+        end.join(", ")
       else
         "not initialized"
       end
@@ -778,16 +749,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def init_internals
-        @primary_key              = self.class.primary_key
         @readonly                 = false
         @previously_new_record    = false
         @destroyed                = false
         @marked_for_destruction   = false
         @destroyed_by_association = nil
         @_start_transaction_state = nil
-        @strict_loading           = self.class.strict_loading_by_default
 
-        self.class.define_attribute_methods
+        klass = self.class
+
+        @primary_key         = klass.primary_key
+        @strict_loading      = klass.strict_loading_by_default
+        @strict_loading_mode = :all
+
+        klass.define_attribute_methods
       end
 
       def initialize_internals_callback

data/lib/active_record/database_configurations/connection_url_resolver.rb

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 require "uri"
 require "active_support/core_ext/enumerable"
+require "active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge"
 
 module ActiveRecord
   class DatabaseConfigurations
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
               database: uri.opaque
             )
           else
-            query_hash.merge(
+            query_hash.reverse_merge(
               adapter: @adapter,
               username: uri.user,
               password: uri.password,