activerecord 6.0.0 → 6.1.3

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data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,1013 +1,1483 @@
-## Rails 6.0.0 (August 16, 2019) ##
+## Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021) ##
 
-*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
+*   Fix the MySQL adapter to always set the right collation and charset
+    to the connection session.
 
-    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Fix MySQL adapter handling of time objects when prepared statements
+    are enabled.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Fix scoping in enum fields using conditions that would generate
+    an `IN` clause.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
+*   Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation
+    with a having clause
 
-    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+    Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that
+    references an aliased select value would generate an error when
+    #include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate
+    call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters
+    the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select
+    values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having
+    clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer
+    present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement
+    error was raised.
 
-*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
+    An sample query affected by this problem:
 
-        class Foo
-          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
-        end
+    ```ruby
+    Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
+          .joins(:posts)
+          .group(:id)
+          .having('total_posts > 2')
+          .include?(Author.first)
+    ```
 
-    *Edu Depetris*
+    This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the
+    simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of
+    a having clause.
 
-*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL
+    Fixes #41417
 
-    *Joel Schneider*
+    *Michael Smart*
 
+*   Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted
+    without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets kill -9d during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end
+    up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with Postgres.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc2 (July 22, 2019) ##
+    *wbharding*, *Martin Tepper*
 
-*   Add database_exists? method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    *Guilherme Mansur*
+## Rails 6.1.2.1 (February 10, 2021) ##
 
-*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
+*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
 
-    Fixes #36022.
+    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
+    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
+    fixes the regexp.
+
+    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
+
+    [CVE-2021-22880]
+
+    *Aaron Patterson*
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021) ##
+
+*   Fix timestamp type for sqlite3.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Make destroy async transactional.
+
+    An active record rollback could occur while enqueuing a job. In this
+    case the job would enqueue even though the database deletion
+    rolledback putting things in a funky state.
+
+    Now the jobs are only enqueued until after the db transaction has been committed.
+
+    *Cory Gwin*
+
+*   Fix malformed packet error in MySQL statement for connection configuration.
+
+    *robinroestenburg*
+
+*   Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the
+    adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only
+    urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others
+    are assumed to be adapter specification urls.
+
+    Fixes #41137.
+
+    *Jonathan Bracy*
+
+*   Fix granular connection swapping when there are multiple abstract classes.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Fix `find_by` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
+*   Add support for `rails console --sandbox` for multiple database applications.
 
-    Fixes #36465.
+    *alpaca-tc*
 
-    *Jeff Doering*
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with empty array.
 
-*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Martin R. Schuster*
+*   Fix preventing writes for `ApplicationRecord`.
 
-*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Fixes #29966.
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+## Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021) ##
 
-*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
+*   Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.
 
-    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+
+*   Fix `where` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix `where` with aliased associations.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix `composed_of` with symbol mapping.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Make sure `db:prepare` works even the schema file doesn't exist.
 
-*   Fix merging left_joins to maintain its own `join_type` context.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Fixes #36103.
+*   Fix complicated `has_many :through` with nested where condition.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Handle STI models for `has_many dependent: :destroy_async`.
+
+    *Muhammad Usman*
+
+*   Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
+
+    Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
+    to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.rc1 (April 24, 2019) ##
+    *glaszig*
 
-*   Add `touch` option to `has_one` association.
+*   Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+    Fixes #40732.
 
-*   Deprecate `where.not` working as NOR and will be changed to NAND in Rails 6.1.
+    Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
+    and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
+    automatically.
 
     ```ruby
-    all = [treasures(:diamond), treasures(:sapphire), cars(:honda), treasures(:sapphire)]
-    assert_equal all, PriceEstimate.all.map(&:estimate_of)
+    add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
     ```
 
-    In Rails 6.0:
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
 
-    nor = all.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_type == sapphire.class.polymorphic_name
-    }.reject { |e|
-      e.estimate_of_id == sapphire.id
-    }
-    assert_equal [cars(:honda)], nor
+## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
 
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nor, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
-    ```
+*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
+
+    Fixes #39065.
+
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    In Rails 6.1:
+*   Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
+
+    Fixes #35204.
+
+    *Tomoyuki Kai*
+
+*   Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
 
     ```ruby
-    sapphire = treasures(:sapphire)
+    class AdminAuthor
+      delegate_missing_to :@author
 
-    nand = all - [sapphire]
-    assert_equal [treasures(:diamond), cars(:honda)], nand
+      def initialize(author)
+        @author = author
+      end
+    end
 
-    without_sapphire = PriceEstimate.where.not(
-      estimate_of_type: sapphire.class.polymorphic_name, estimate_of_id: sapphire.id
-    )
-    assert_equal nand, without_sapphire.map(&:estimate_of)
+    Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
     ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Sean Doyle*
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking after rollback.
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
 
-    Fixes #15018, #30167, #33868.
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    Before:
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_version` to support recyclable cache keys via
-    the versioned entries in `ActiveSupport::Cache`. This also means that
-    `ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key` will now return a stable key that does not
-    include the max timestamp or count any more.
+        AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+            Dog.first # read from animals replica
+            Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+            Person.first # read from primary writer
+          end
+        end
 
-    NOTE: This feature is turned off by default, and `cache_key` will still return
-    cache keys with timestamps until you set `ActiveRecord::Base.collection_cache_versioning = true`.
-    That's the setting for all new apps on Rails 6.0+
+    After:
 
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
+        end
 
-*   Fix dirty tracking for `touch` to track saved changes.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Fixes #33429.
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamzono*
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
-*   `change_column_comment` and `change_table_comment` are invertible only if
-    `to` and `from` options are specified.
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-    *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Don't call commit/rollback callbacks when a record isn't saved.
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-    Fixes #29747.
+    Fixes #34255.
+
+    *Steven Weber*
+
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
+
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
+
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
+
+    Fixes #38655.
+
+    *Luke Redpath*
+
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix circular `autosave: true` causes invalid records to be saved.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    Prior to the fix, when there was a circular series of `autosave: true`
-    associations, the callback for a `has_many` association was run while
-    another instance of the same callback on the same association hadn't
-    finished running. When control returned to the first instance of the
-    callback, the instance variable had changed, and subsequent associated
-    records weren't saved correctly. Specifically, the ID field for the
-    `belongs_to` corresponding to the `has_many` was `nil`.
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
-    Fixes #28080.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Larry Reid*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
 
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` for invalid `:limit` and `:precision` like as other options.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
     Before:
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ActiveRecordError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ActiveRecordError
-    ```
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
     After:
 
-    ```ruby
-    add_column :items, :attr1, :binary,   size: 10      # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr2, :decimal,  scale: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr3, :integer,  limit: 10     # => ArgumentError
-    add_column :items, :attr4, :datetime, precision: 10 # => ArgumentError
-    ```
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Association loading isn't to be affected by scoping consistently
-    whether preloaded / eager loaded or not, with the exception of `unscoped`.
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
+
+        class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
     Before:
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => nil
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-    end
-    ```
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
     After:
 
-    ```ruby
-    Post.where("1=0").scoping do
-      Comment.find(1).post                   # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.preload(:post).find(1).post    # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-      Comment.eager_load(:post).find(1).post # => #<Post id: 1, ...>
-    end
-    ```
-
-    Fixes #34638, #35398.
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `rails db:prepare` to migrate or setup a database.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-    Runs `db:migrate` if the database exists or `db:setup` if it doesn't.
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-    *Roberto Miranda*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Add `after_save_commit` callback as shortcut for `after_commit :hook, on: [ :create, :update ]`.
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
-    *DHH*
+     Before:
 
-*   Assign all attributes before calling `build` to ensure the child record is visible in
-    `before_add` and `after_add` callbacks for `has_many :through` associations.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
-    Fixes #33249.
+     After:
 
-    *Ryan H. Kerr*
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#extract_associated` for extracting associated records from a relation.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```
-    account.memberships.extract_associated(:user)
-    # => Returns collection of User records
-    ```
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Relation#annotate` for adding SQL comments to its queries.
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-    For example:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    ```
-    Post.where(id: 123).annotate("this is a comment").to_sql
-    # SELECT "posts".* FROM "posts" WHERE "posts"."id" = 123 /* this is a comment */
-    ```
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-    This can be useful in instrumentation or other analysis of issued queries.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Matt Yoho*
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-*   Support Optimizer Hints.
+    *Omri Gabay*
 
-    In most databases, a way to control the optimizer is by using optimizer hints,
-    which can be specified within individual statements.
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
 
-    Example (for MySQL):
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000)", "NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics)")
-        # SELECT /*+ MAX_EXECUTION_TIME(50000) NO_INDEX_MERGE(topics) */ `topics`.* FROM `topics`
+    Example usage:
 
-    Example (for PostgreSQL with pg_hint_plan):
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
 
-        Topic.optimizer_hints("SeqScan(topics)", "Parallel(topics 8)")
-        # SELECT /*+ SeqScan(topics) Parallel(topics 8) */ "topics".* FROM "topics"
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    See also:
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
 
-    * https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/optimizer-hints.html
-    * https://pghintplan.osdn.jp/pg_hint_plan.html
-    * https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/tgsql/influencing-the-optimizer.html
-    * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/hints-transact-sql-query?view=sql-server-2017
-    * https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/SSEPGG_11.1.0/com.ibm.db2.luw.admin.perf.doc/doc/c0070117.html
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
+    ```
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix query attribute method on user-defined attribute to be aware of typecasted value.
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
 
-    For example, the following code no longer return false as casted non-empty string:
+    *James Adam*
 
+*   Add `values_at` method.
+
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
+
+    ```ruby
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
     ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      attribute :user_defined_text, :text
+
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
+
+    *Guillaume Briday*
+
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
+
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
+
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
     end
+    ```
 
-    Post.new(user_defined_text: "false").user_defined_text? # => true
+    *Eliot Sykes*
+
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
+
+    ```ruby
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
     ```
 
-    *Yuji Kamijima*
+    Fixes #40287.
 
-*   Quote empty ranges like other empty enumerables.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Patrick Rebsch*
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
 
-*   Add `insert_all`/`insert_all!`/`upsert_all` methods to `ActiveRecord::Persistence`,
-    allowing bulk inserts akin to the bulk updates provided by `update_all` and
-    bulk deletes by `delete_all`.
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
 
-    Supports skipping or upserting duplicates through the `ON CONFLICT` syntax
-    for PostgreSQL (9.5+) and SQLite (3.24+) and `ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE` syntax
-    for MySQL.
+        attribute :duration, :interval
 
-    *Bob Lail*
+    To keep old behavior until 6.2 is released:
 
-*   Add `rails db:seed:replant` that truncates tables of each database
-    for current environment and loads the seeds.
+        attribute :duration, :string
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*, *DHH*
+    Example:
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.connection.truncate` for SQLite3 adapter.
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
+        end
 
-    *bogdanvlviv*
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
 
-*   Deprecate mismatched collation comparison for uniqueness validator.
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
 
-    Uniqueness validator will no longer enforce case sensitive comparison in Rails 6.1.
-    To continue case sensitive comparison on the case insensitive column,
-    pass `case_sensitive: true` option explicitly to the uniqueness validator.
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-*   Add `reselect` method. This is a short-hand for `unscope(:select).select(fields)`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #27340.
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-    *Willian Gustavo Veiga*
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Add negative scopes for all enum values.
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-    Example:
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          enum status: %i[ drafted active trashed ]
-        end
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
-        Post.not_drafted # => where.not(status: :drafted)
-        Post.not_active  # => where.not(status: :active)
-        Post.not_trashed # => where.not(status: :trashed)
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
 
-    *DHH*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
+
+    *Jean Boussier*
+
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-*   Fix different `count` calculation when using `size` with manual `select` with DISTINCT.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Fixes #35214.
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-    *Juani Villarejo*
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta3 (March 11, 2019) ##
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
 
-*   No changes.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta2 (February 25, 2019) ##
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
 
-*   Fix prepared statements caching to be enabled even when query caching is enabled.
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ensure `update_all` series cares about optimistic locking.
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
+
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
+
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with non numeric string matches to 0 values.
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
+
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Introduce `ActiveRecord::Relation#destroy_by` and `ActiveRecord::Relation#delete_by`.
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
 
-    `destroy_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `destroy_all` on the matched records.
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
 
-    Example:
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
 
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.destroy_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
+    ```
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.destroy_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    `delete_by` allows relation to find all the records matching the condition and perform
-    `delete_all` on the matched records.
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
 
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David')
-        Person.delete_by(name: 'David', rating: 4)
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
+    ```
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        david = Person.find_by(name: 'David')
-        david.posts.delete_by(id: [1, 2, 3])
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
 
-    *Abhay Nikam*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Don't allow `where` with invalid value matches to nil values.
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
 
-    Fixes #33624.
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   SQLite3: Implement `add_foreign_key` and `remove_foreign_key`.
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
+
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
+
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
+
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Deprecate using class level querying methods if the receiver scope
-    regarded as leaked. Use `klass.unscoped` to avoid the leaking scope.
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 6.2.
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
+
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+
+    # Rails 6.2 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow applications to automatically switch connections.
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
+
+    *Peter Fry*
 
-    Adds a middleware and configuration options that can be used in your
-    application to automatically switch between the writing and reading
-    database connections.
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
 
-    `GET` and `HEAD` requests will read from the replica unless there was
-    a write in the last 2 seconds, otherwise they will read from the primary.
-    Non-get requests will always write to the primary. The middleware accepts
-    an argument for a Resolver class and an Operations class where you are able
-    to change how the auto-switcher works to be most beneficial for your
-    application.
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
 
-    To use the middleware in your application you can use the following
-    configuration options:
+    Usage:
 
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
+    end
+
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
     ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 2.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = ActiveRecord::Middleware::DatabaseSelector::Resolver::Session
+
+    Fixes #39516.
+
+    *Austen Madden*
+
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
     ```
 
-    To change the database selection strategy, pass a custom class to the
-    configuration options:
+    *fatkodima*
 
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
+
+      has_many :projects
+    end
+
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
-    config.active_record.database_selector = { delay: 10.seconds }
-    config.active_record.database_resolver = MyResolver
-    config.active_record.database_resolver_context = MyResolver::MyCookies
+
+    *bogdanvlviv*
+
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
     ```
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+    After:
 
-*   MySQL: Support `:size` option to change text and blob size.
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Make `t.timestamps` with precision by default.
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
+
+    *DHH*
+
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
+
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
+
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
+
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
 
-## Rails 6.0.0.beta1 (January 18, 2019) ##
+    To migrate to Rails 6.2's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#set_state` from the transaction object.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#supports_statement_cache?` from the database adapters.
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove deprecated `#insert_fixtures` from the database adapters.
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SQLite3Adapter#valid_alter_table_type?`.
+    Fixes #16449.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `sum` when a block is passed.
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
 
-*   Do not allow passing the column name to `count` when a block is passed.
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to arel.
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Remove delegation of missing methods in a relation to private methods of the class.
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
 
-*   Deprecate `config.activerecord.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
 
-*   Change `SQLite3Adapter` to always represent boolean values as integers.
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+    ```
 
-*   Remove ability to specify a timestamp name for `#cache_key`.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations_path=`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
 
-*   Remove deprecated `expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
 
-*   Set polymorphic type column to NULL on `dependent: :nullify` strategy.
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
 
-    On polymorphic associations both the foreign key and the foreign type columns will be set to NULL.
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
 
-    *Laerti Papa*
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
 
-*   Allow permitted instance of `ActionController::Parameters` as argument of `ActiveRecord::Relation#exists?`.
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
+    ```
 
-*   Add support for endless ranges introduces in Ruby 2.6.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
 
-    *Greg Navis*
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
 
-*   Deprecate passing `migrations_paths` to `connection.assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
 
-*   MySQL: `ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC` create table option by default.
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
 
-    Since MySQL 5.7.9, the `innodb_default_row_format` option defines the default row
-    format for InnoDB tables. The default setting is `DYNAMIC`.
-    The row format is required for indexing on `varchar(255)` with `utf8mb4` columns.
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
+    ```
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix join table column quoting with SQLite.
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">
+    ```
+
+    *akinomaeni*, *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-*   Allow disabling scopes generated by `ActiveRecord.enum`.
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
 
-    *Alfred Dominic*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Ensure that `delete_all` on collection proxy returns affected count.
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Reset scope after delete on collection association to clear stale offsets of removed records.
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add the ability to prevent writes to a database for the duration of a block.
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
 
-    Allows the application to prevent writes to a database. This can be useful when
-    you're building out multiple databases and want to make sure you're not sending
-    writes when you want a read.
+    *Islam Taha*
 
-    If `while_preventing_writes` is called and the query is considered a write
-    query the database will raise an exception regardless of whether the database
-    user is able to write.
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
 
-    This is not meant to be a catch-all for write queries but rather a way to enforce
-    read-only queries without opening a second connection. One purpose of this is to
-    catch accidental writes, not all writes.
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
 
     *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Allow aliased attributes to be used in `#update_columns` and `#update`.
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow spaces in postgres table names.
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
 
-    Fixes issue where "user post" is misinterpreted as "\"user\".\"post\"" when quoting table names with the postgres adapter.
+    Fixes #38219.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    *Josh Brody*
+
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
 
-*   Cached `columns_hash` fields should be excluded from `ResultSet#column_types`.
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
 
-    PR #34528 addresses the inconsistent behaviour when attribute is defined for an ignored column. The following test
-    was passing for SQLite and MySQL, but failed for PostgreSQL:
+    Usage:
 
     ```ruby
-    class DeveloperName < ActiveRecord::Type::String
-      def deserialize(value)
-        "Developer: #{value}"
-      end
-    end
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
 
-    class AttributedDeveloper < ActiveRecord::Base
-      self.table_name = "developers"
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
 
-      attribute :name, DeveloperName.new
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-      self.ignored_columns += ["name"]
-    end
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
 
-    developer = AttributedDeveloper.create
-    developer.update_column :name, "name"
+    *Tom Ward*
 
-    loaded_developer = AttributedDeveloper.where(id: developer.id).select("*").first
-    puts loaded_developer.name # should be "Developer: name" but it's just "name"
-    ```
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
 
-    *Dmitry Tsepelev*
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
 
-*   Make the implicit order column configurable.
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
 
-    When calling ordered finder methods such as `first` or `last` without an
-    explicit order clause, ActiveRecord sorts records by primary key. This can
-    result in unpredictable and surprising behaviour when the primary key is
-    not an auto-incrementing integer, for example when it's a UUID. This change
-    makes it possible to override the column used for implicit ordering such
-    that `first` and `last` will return more predictable results.
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
+    ```
 
-        class Project < ActiveRecord::Base
-          self.implicit_order_column = "created_at"
-        end
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
 
-    *Tekin Suleyman*
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
 
-*   Bump minimum PostgreSQL version to 9.3.
+    Fixes #38716.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Joel Blum*
 
-*   Values of enum are frozen, raising an error when attempting to modify them.
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
 
-    *Emmanuel Byrd*
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
 
-*   Move `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` SQL to error property and include binds as separate error property.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception_class` now requires `binds` to be passed as the last argument.
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#translate_exception` now requires `message`, `sql`, and `binds` to be passed as keyword arguments.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    Subclasses of `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` must now provide `sql:` and `binds:` arguments to `super`.
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
 
-    Example:
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
 
-    ```
-    class MySubclassedError < ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-      def initialize(message, sql:, binds:)
-        super(message, sql: sql, binds: binds)
-      end
-    end
-    ```
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
 
-*   Add an `:if_not_exists` option to `create_table`.
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
 
-    Example:
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-        create_table :posts, if_not_exists: true do |t|
-          t.string :title
-        end
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
 
-    That would execute:
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
 
-        CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS posts (
-          ...
-        )
+    *Kyle Thompson*
 
-    If the table already exists, `if_not_exists: false` (the default) raises an
-    exception whereas `if_not_exists: true` does nothing.
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *Stefan Kanev*
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
 
-*   Defining an Enum as a Hash with blank key, or as an Array with a blank value, now raises an `ArgumentError`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
 
-*   Adds support for multiple databases to `rails db:schema:cache:dump` and `rails db:schema:cache:clear`.
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Usage:
 
-*   `update_columns` now correctly raises `ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError`
-    if the attribute does not exist.
+    Given the following configuration:
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
+    production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
+    ```
 
-*   Add support for hash and URL configs in database hash of `ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to`.
+    Connect to multiple shards:
 
-    ````
-    User.connected_to(database: { writing: "postgres://foo" }) do
-      User.create!(name: "Gannon")
-    end
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
 
-    config = { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/readonly.sqlite3" }
-    User.connected_to(database: { reading: config }) do
-      User.count
-    end
-    ````
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
+    ```
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
 
-*   Support default expression for MySQL.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
+    ```
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports default value to be a function or expression.
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-table.html
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
 
-*   Support expression indexes for MySQL.
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
 
-    MySQL 8.0.13 and higher supports functional key parts that index
-    expression values rather than column or column prefix values.
+    Deprecated behavior:
 
-    https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/create-index.html
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
+    ```
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    New behavior:
 
-*   Fix collection cache key with limit and custom select to avoid ambiguous timestamp column error.
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #33056.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
 
-*   Add basic API for connection switching to support multiple databases.
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
 
-    1) Adds a `connects_to` method for models to connect to multiple databases. Example:
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
+    ```
+
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
 
     ```
-    class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
-      self.abstract_class = true
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
 
-      connects_to database: { writing: :animals_primary, reading: :animals_replica }
-    end
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
+
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
 
-    class Dog < AnimalsModel
-      # connected to both the animals_primary db for writing and the animals_replica for reading
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
     end
+
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
 
-    2) Adds a `connected_to` block method for switching connection roles or connecting to
-    a database that the model didn't connect to. Connecting to the database in this block is
-    useful when you have another defined connection, for example `slow_replica` that you don't
-    want to connect to by default but need in the console, or a specific code block.
+    *Kevin Deisz*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
 
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
     ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
-      Dog.first # finds dog from replica connected to AnimalsBase
-      Book.first # doesn't have a reading connection, will raise an error
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
+
+    *Sebastián Palma*
+
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
+
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
+
+    Example Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
+      end
     end
     ```
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(database: :slow_replica) do
-      SlowReplicaModel.first # if the db config has a slow_replica configuration this will be used to do the lookup, otherwise this will throw an exception
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
+      end
     end
     ```
 
     *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Enum raises on invalid definition values
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
 
-    When defining a Hash enum it can be easy to use `[]` instead of `{}`. This
-    commit checks that only valid definition values are provided, those can
-    be a Hash, an array of Symbols or an array of Strings. Otherwise it
-    raises an `ArgumentError`.
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-    Fixes #33961
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-    *Alberto Almagro*
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-*   Reloading associations now clears the Query Cache like `Persistence#reload` does.
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    ```
-    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-      has_one :category
-      belongs_to :author
-      has_many :comments
-    end
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    # Each of the following will now clear the query cache.
-    post.reload_category
-    post.reload_author
-    post.comments.reload
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
+
+    For example:
+
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
     ```
 
-    *Christophe Maximin*
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-*   Added `index` option for `change_table` migration helpers.
-    With this change you can create indexes while adding new
-    columns into the existing tables.
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-    Example:
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-        change_table(:languages) do |t|
-          t.string :country_code, index: true
-        end
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
 
-    *Mehmet Emin İNAÇ*
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in 6.2.
 
-*   Fix `transaction` reverting for migrations.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Before: Commands inside a `transaction` in a reverted migration ran uninverted.
-    Now: This change fixes that by reverting commands inside `transaction` block.
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
 
-    *fatkodima*, *David Verhasselt*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Raise an error instead of scanning the filesystem root when `fixture_path` is blank.
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Max Albrecht*
+    Before:
 
-*   Allow `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations=` to be set with a symbolized hash.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
+    ```
+
+    *Tom Rossi*
+
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
+
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
 
     *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Don't update counter cache unless the record is actually saved.
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
 
-    Fixes #31493, #33113, #33117.
+    Fixes #38078.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` in favor of `ActiveRecord::Result#to_a`.
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
 
-    *Gannon McGibbon*, *Kevin Cheng*
+    *Brian Buchalter*
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter supports expression indexes.
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
 
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
     ```
-    create_table :users do |t|
-      t.string :email
-    end
 
-    add_index :users, 'lower(email)', name: 'index_users_on_email', unique: true
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
     ```
 
-    *Gray Kemmey*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Allow subclasses to redefine autosave callbacks for associated records.
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    Fixes #33305.
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Andrey Subbota*
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-*   Bump minimum MySQL version to 5.5.8.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-*   Use MySQL utf8mb4 character set by default.
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
 
-    `utf8mb4` character set with 4-Byte encoding supports supplementary characters including emoji.
-    The previous default 3-Byte encoding character set `utf8` is not enough to support them.
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-*   Fix duplicated record creation when using nested attributes with `create_with`.
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
 
-    *Darwin Wu*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Configuration item `config.filter_parameters` could also filter out
-    sensitive values of database columns when calling `#inspect`.
-    We also added `ActiveRecord::Base::filter_attributes`/`=` in order to
-    specify sensitive attributes to specific model.
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-    ```
-    Rails.application.config.filter_parameters += [:credit_card_number, /phone/]
-    Account.last.inspect # => #<Account id: 123, name: "DHH", credit_card_number: [FILTERED], telephone_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    SecureAccount.filter_attributes += [:name]
-    SecureAccount.last.inspect # => #<SecureAccount id: 42, name: [FILTERED], credit_card_number: [FILTERED] ...>
-    ```
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-    *Zhang Kang*, *Yoshiyuki Kinjo*
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-*   Deprecate `column_name_length`, `table_name_length`, `columns_per_table`,
-    `indexes_per_table`, `columns_per_multicolumn_index`, `sql_query_length`,
-    and `joins_per_query` methods in `DatabaseLimits`.
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` now returns an object.
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
 
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations` used to return a hash, but this
-    is an inflexible data model. In order to improve multiple-database
-    handling in Rails, we've changed this to return an object. Some methods
-    are provided to make the object behave hash-like in order to ease the
-    transition process. Since most applications don't manipulate the hash
-    we've decided to add backwards-compatible functionality that will throw
-    a deprecation warning if used, however calling `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations`
-    will use the new version internally and externally.
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    For example, the following `database.yml`:
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
 
-    ```
-    development:
-      adapter: sqlite3
-      database: db/development.sqlite3
-    ```
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
 
-    Used to become a hash:
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
 
-    ```
-    { "development" => { "adapter" => "sqlite3", "database" => "db/development.sqlite3" } }
-    ```
+    *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Is now converted into the following object:
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
 
-    ```
-    #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
-      #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
-        @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>
-      ]
-    ```
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
 
-    Iterating over the database configurations has also changed. Instead of
-    calling hash methods on the `configurations` hash directly, a new method `configs_for` has
-    been provided that allows you to select the correct configuration. `env_name` and
-    `spec_name` arguments are optional. For example, these return an array of
-    database config objects for the requested environment and a single database config object
-    will be returned for the requested environment and specification name respectively.
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
 
-    ```
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development")
-    ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
-    ```
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
+
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
 
-*   Add database configuration to disable advisory locks.
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
 
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
+
+    Before:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
     ```
-    production:
-      adapter: postgresql
-      advisory_locks: false
+
+    After:
+
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
     ```
 
-    *Guo Xiang*
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
 
-*   SQLite3 adapter `alter_table` method restores foreign keys.
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Allow `:to_table` option to `invert_remove_foreign_key`.
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
 
-    Example:
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
+
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
+
+    Before:
+
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
+
+    After:
+
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
 
-       remove_foreign_key :accounts, to_table: :owners
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Nikolay Epifanov*, *Rich Chen*
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
 
-*   Add environment & load_config dependency to `bin/rake db:seed` to enable
-    seed load in environments without Rails and custom DB configuration
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Tobias Bielohlawek*
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
 
-*   Fix default value for mysql time types with specified precision.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
+
+    *Kir Shatrov*
+
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
+
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-*   Fix `touch` option to behave consistently with `Persistence#touch` method.
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Migrations raise when duplicate column definition.
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-    Fixes #33024.
+    *James Pearson*
 
-    *Federico Martinez*
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
 
-*   Bump minimum SQLite version to 3.8
+    *Tongfei Gao*
 
-    *Yasuo Honda*
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-*   Fix parent record should not get saved with duplicate children records.
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    Fixes #32940.
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-    *Santosh Wadghule*
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-*   Fix logic on disabling commit callbacks so they are not called unexpectedly when errors occur.
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-    *Brian Durand*
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-*   Ensure `Associations::CollectionAssociation#size` and `Associations::CollectionAssociation#empty?`
-    use loaded association ids if present.
+    *Joel Schneider*
+
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-    *Graham Turner*
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-*   Add support to preload associations of polymorphic associations when not all the records have the requested associations.
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    *Dana Sherson*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-*   Add `touch_all` method to `ActiveRecord::Relation`.
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-    Example:
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
+
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-        Person.where(name: "David").touch_all(time: Time.new(2020, 5, 16, 0, 0, 0))
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *fatkodima*, *duggiefresh*
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.base_class?` predicate.
+    Fixes #36465.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Jeff Doering*
 
-*   Add custom prefix/suffix options to `ActiveRecord::Store.store_accessor`.
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
 
-    *Tan Huynh*, *Yukio Mizuta*
+    *Mark Lee*
 
-*   Rails 6 requires Ruby 2.5.0 or newer.
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
 
-    *Jeremy Daer*, *Kasper Timm Hansen*
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
 
-*   Deprecate `update_attributes`/`!` in favor of `update`/`!`.
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
 
-    *Eddie Lebow*
+    Fixes #29966.
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.create_or_find_by`/`!` to deal with the SELECT/INSERT race condition in
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.find_or_create_by`/`!` by leaning on unique constraints in the database.
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-    *DHH*
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
 
-*   Add `Relation#pick` as short-hand for single-value plucks.
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-    *DHH*
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
+
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
 
-Please check [5-2-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/5-2-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.