activerecord 5.2.6 → 6.0.5

data/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb

@@ -46,41 +46,140 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #
     # The exceptions AdapterNotSpecified, AdapterNotFound and +ArgumentError+
     # may be returned on an error.
-    def establish_connection(config = nil)
-      raise "Anonymous class is not allowed." unless name
+    def establish_connection(config_or_env = nil)
+      config_hash = resolve_config_for_connection(config_or_env)
+      connection_handler.establish_connection(config_hash)
+    end
+
+    # Connects a model to the databases specified. The +database+ keyword
+    # takes a hash consisting of a +role+ and a +database_key+.
+    #
+    # This will create a connection handler for switching between connections,
+    # look up the config hash using the +database_key+ and finally
+    # establishes a connection to that config.
+    #
+    #   class AnimalsModel < ApplicationRecord
+    #     self.abstract_class = true
+    #
+    #     connects_to database: { writing: :primary, reading: :primary_replica }
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Returns an array of established connections.
+    def connects_to(database: {})
+      connections = []
 
-      config ||= DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_sym
-      spec_name = self == Base ? "primary" : name
-      self.connection_specification_name = spec_name
+      database.each do |role, database_key|
+        config_hash = resolve_config_for_connection(database_key)
+        handler = lookup_connection_handler(role.to_sym)
 
-      resolver = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(Base.configurations)
-      spec = resolver.resolve(config).symbolize_keys
-      spec[:name] = spec_name
+        connections << handler.establish_connection(config_hash)
+      end
 
-      connection_handler.establish_connection(spec)
+      connections
     end
 
-    class MergeAndResolveDefaultUrlConfig # :nodoc:
-      def initialize(raw_configurations)
-        @raw_config = raw_configurations.dup
-        @env = DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_s
-      end
+    # Connects to a database or role (ex writing, reading, or another
+    # custom role) for the duration of the block.
+    #
+    # If a role is passed, Active Record will look up the connection
+    # based on the requested role:
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
+    #     Dog.create! # creates dog using dog writing connection
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+    #     Dog.create! # throws exception because we're on a replica
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :unknown_role) do
+    #     # raises exception due to non-existent role
+    #   end
+    #
+    # The `database` kwarg is deprecated in 6.1 and will be removed in 6.2
+    #
+    # It is not recommended for use as it re-establishes a connection every
+    # time it is called.
+    def connected_to(database: nil, role: nil, prevent_writes: false, &blk)
+      if database && role
+        raise ArgumentError, "connected_to can only accept a `database` or a `role` argument, but not both arguments."
+      elsif database
+        if database.is_a?(Hash)
+          role, database = database.first
+          role = role.to_sym
+        end
+
+        config_hash = resolve_config_for_connection(database)
+        handler = lookup_connection_handler(role)
 
-      # Returns fully resolved connection hashes.
-      # Merges connection information from `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` if available.
-      def resolve
-        ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(config).resolve_all
+        handler.establish_connection(config_hash)
+
+        with_handler(role, &blk)
+      elsif role
+        prevent_writes = true if role == reading_role
+
+        with_handler(role.to_sym) do
+          connection_handler.while_preventing_writes(prevent_writes, &blk)
+        end
+      else
+        raise ArgumentError, "must provide a `database` or a `role`."
       end
+    end
 
-      private
-        def config
-          @raw_config.dup.tap do |cfg|
-            if url = ENV["DATABASE_URL"]
-              cfg[@env] ||= {}
-              cfg[@env]["url"] ||= url
-            end
-          end
+    # Returns true if role is the current connected role.
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to?(role: :writing) #=> true
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to?(role: :reading) #=> false
+    #   end
+    def connected_to?(role:)
+      current_role == role.to_sym
+    end
+
+    # Returns the symbol representing the current connected role.
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :writing) do
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :writing
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+    #     ActiveRecord::Base.current_role #=> :reading
+    #   end
+    def current_role
+      connection_handlers.key(connection_handler)
+    end
+
+    def lookup_connection_handler(handler_key) # :nodoc:
+      handler_key ||= ActiveRecord::Base.writing_role
+      connection_handlers[handler_key] ||= ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
+    end
+
+    def with_handler(handler_key, &blk) # :nodoc:
+      handler = lookup_connection_handler(handler_key)
+      swap_connection_handler(handler, &blk)
+    end
+
+    def resolve_config_for_connection(config_or_env) # :nodoc:
+      raise "Anonymous class is not allowed." unless name
+
+      config_or_env ||= DEFAULT_ENV.call.to_sym
+      pool_name = primary_class? ? "primary" : name
+      self.connection_specification_name = pool_name
+
+      resolver = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionSpecification::Resolver.new(Base.configurations)
+      config_hash = resolver.resolve(config_or_env, pool_name).symbolize_keys
+      config_hash[:name] = pool_name
+
+      config_hash
+    end
+
+    # Clears the query cache for all connections associated with the current thread.
+    def clear_query_caches_for_current_thread
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handlers.each_value do |handler|
+        handler.connection_pool_list.each do |pool|
+          pool.connection.clear_query_cache if pool.active_connection?
         end
+      end
     end
 
     # Returns the connection currently associated with the class. This can
@@ -100,6 +199,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
       @connection_specification_name
     end
 
+    def primary_class? # :nodoc:
+      self == Base || defined?(ApplicationRecord) && self == ApplicationRecord
+    end
+
     # Returns the configuration of the associated connection as a hash:
     #
     #  ActiveRecord::Base.connection_config
@@ -141,5 +244,15 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
     delegate :clear_active_connections!, :clear_reloadable_connections!,
       :clear_all_connections!, :flush_idle_connections!, to: :connection_handler
+
+    private
+      def swap_connection_handler(handler, &blk) # :nodoc:
+        old_handler, ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler = ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler, handler
+        return_value = yield
+        return_value.load if return_value.is_a? ActiveRecord::Relation
+        return_value
+      ensure
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler = old_handler
+      end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/core.rb

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 require "active_support/core_ext/hash/indifferent_access"
 require "active_support/core_ext/string/filters"
+require "active_support/parameter_filter"
 require "concurrent/map"
 
 module ActiveRecord
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       ##
       # Contains the database configuration - as is typically stored in config/database.yml -
-      # as a Hash.
+      # as an ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations object.
       #
       # For example, the following database.yml...
       #
@@ -40,22 +41,18 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       # ...would result in ActiveRecord::Base.configurations to look like this:
       #
-      #   {
-      #      'development' => {
-      #         'adapter'  => 'sqlite3',
-      #         'database' => 'db/development.sqlite3'
-      #      },
-      #      'production' => {
-      #         'adapter'  => 'sqlite3',
-      #         'database' => 'db/production.sqlite3'
-      #      }
-      #   }
+      #   #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations:0x00007fd1acbdf800 @configurations=[
+      #     #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbded10 @env_name="development",
+      #       @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"sqlite3", "database"=>"db/development.sqlite3"}>,
+      #     #<ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig:0x00007fd1acbdea90 @env_name="production",
+      #       @spec_name="primary", @config={"adapter"=>"mysql2", "database"=>"db/production.sqlite3"}>
+      #   ]>
       def self.configurations=(config)
-        @@configurations = ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::MergeAndResolveDefaultUrlConfig.new(config).resolve
+        @@configurations = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations.new(config)
       end
       self.configurations = {}
 
-      # Returns fully resolved configurations hash
+      # Returns fully resolved ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations object
       def self.configurations
         @@configurations
       end
@@ -99,7 +96,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       ##
       # :singleton-method:
       # Specify whether schema dump should happen at the end of the
-      # db:migrate rake task. This is true by default, which is useful for the
+      # db:migrate rails command. This is true by default, which is useful for the
       # development environment. This should ideally be false in the production
       # environment where dumping schema is rarely needed.
       mattr_accessor :dump_schema_after_migration, instance_writer: false, default: true
@@ -125,25 +122,28 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
       mattr_accessor :belongs_to_required_by_default, instance_accessor: false
 
+      mattr_accessor :connection_handlers, instance_accessor: false, default: {}
+
+      mattr_accessor :writing_role, instance_accessor: false, default: :writing
+
+      mattr_accessor :reading_role, instance_accessor: false, default: :reading
+
       class_attribute :default_connection_handler, instance_writer: false
 
+      self.filter_attributes = []
+
       def self.connection_handler
-        ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.connection_handler || default_connection_handler
+        Thread.current.thread_variable_get("ar_connection_handler") || default_connection_handler
       end
 
       def self.connection_handler=(handler)
-        ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.connection_handler = handler
+        Thread.current.thread_variable_set("ar_connection_handler", handler)
       end
 
       self.default_connection_handler = ConnectionAdapters::ConnectionHandler.new
     end
 
-    module ClassMethods # :nodoc:
-      def allocate
-        define_attribute_methods
-        super
-      end
-
+    module ClassMethods
       def initialize_find_by_cache # :nodoc:
         @find_by_statement_cache = { true => Concurrent::Map.new, false => Concurrent::Map.new }
       end
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         return super if block_given? ||
                         primary_key.nil? ||
                         scope_attributes? ||
-                        columns_hash.include?(inheritance_column)
+                        columns_hash.key?(inheritance_column) && !base_class?
 
         id = ids.first
 
@@ -172,20 +172,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
           where(key => params.bind).limit(1)
         }
 
-        record = statement.execute([id], connection).first
+        record = statement.execute([id], connection)&.first
         unless record
-          raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{name} with '#{primary_key}'=#{id}",
-                                   name, primary_key, id)
+          raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{name} with '#{key}'=#{id}", name, key, id)
         end
         record
-      rescue ::RangeError
-        raise RecordNotFound.new("Couldn't find #{name} with an out of range value for '#{primary_key}'",
-                                 name, primary_key)
       end
 
       def find_by(*args) # :nodoc:
         return super if scope_attributes? || reflect_on_all_aggregations.any? ||
-                        columns_hash.key?(inheritance_column) && base_class != self
+                        columns_hash.key?(inheritance_column) && !base_class?
 
         hash = args.first
 
@@ -205,11 +201,9 @@ module ActiveRecord
           where(wheres).limit(1)
         }
         begin
-          statement.execute(hash.values, connection).first
+          statement.execute(hash.values, connection)&.first
         rescue TypeError
           raise ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid
-        rescue ::RangeError
-          nil
         end
       end
 
@@ -221,7 +215,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
         generated_association_methods
       end
 
-      def generated_association_methods
+      def generated_association_methods # :nodoc:
         @generated_association_methods ||= begin
           mod = const_set(:GeneratedAssociationMethods, Module.new)
           private_constant :GeneratedAssociationMethods
@@ -231,8 +225,20 @@ module ActiveRecord
         end
       end
 
+      # Returns columns which shouldn't be exposed while calling +#inspect+.
+      def filter_attributes
+        if defined?(@filter_attributes)
+          @filter_attributes
+        else
+          superclass.filter_attributes
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Specifies columns which shouldn't be exposed while calling +#inspect+.
+      attr_writer :filter_attributes
+
       # Returns a string like 'Post(id:integer, title:string, body:text)'
-      def inspect
+      def inspect # :nodoc:
         if self == Base
           super
         elsif abstract_class?
@@ -248,7 +254,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       # Overwrite the default class equality method to provide support for decorated models.
-      def ===(object)
+      def ===(object) # :nodoc:
         object.is_a?(self)
       end
 
@@ -262,7 +268,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def arel_attribute(name, table = arel_table) # :nodoc:
-        name = attribute_alias(name) if attribute_alias?(name)
+        name = name.to_s
+        name = attribute_aliases[name] || name
         table[name]
       end
 
@@ -274,19 +281,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
         TypeCaster::Map.new(self)
       end
 
-      private
+      def _internal? # :nodoc:
+        false
+      end
 
-        def cached_find_by_statement(key, &block)
-          cache = @find_by_statement_cache[connection.prepared_statements]
-          cache.compute_if_absent(key) { StatementCache.create(connection, &block) }
-        end
+      def cached_find_by_statement(key, &block) # :nodoc:
+        cache = @find_by_statement_cache[connection.prepared_statements]
+        cache.compute_if_absent(key) { StatementCache.create(connection, &block) }
+      end
 
+      private
         def relation
           relation = Relation.create(self)
 
           if finder_needs_type_condition? && !ignore_default_scope?
             relation.where!(type_condition)
-            relation.create_with!(inheritance_column.to_s => sti_name)
           else
             relation
           end
@@ -306,7 +315,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   # Instantiates a single new object
     #   User.new(first_name: 'Jamie')
     def initialize(attributes = nil)
-      self.class.define_attribute_methods
+      @new_record = true
       @attributes = self.class._default_attributes.deep_dup
 
       init_internals
@@ -332,15 +341,21 @@ module ActiveRecord
     #   post = Post.allocate
     #   post.init_with(coder)
     #   post.title # => 'hello world'
-    def init_with(coder)
+    def init_with(coder, &block)
       coder = LegacyYamlAdapter.convert(self.class, coder)
-      @attributes = self.class.yaml_encoder.decode(coder)
-
-      init_internals
+      attributes = self.class.yaml_encoder.decode(coder)
+      init_with_attributes(attributes, coder["new_record"], &block)
+    end
 
-      @new_record = coder["new_record"]
+    ##
+    # Initialize an empty model object from +attributes+.
+    # +attributes+ should be an attributes object, and unlike the
+    # `initialize` method, no assignment calls are made per attribute.
+    def init_with_attributes(attributes, new_record = false) # :nodoc:
+      @new_record = new_record
+      @attributes = attributes
 
-      self.class.define_attribute_methods
+      init_internals
 
       yield self if block_given?
 
@@ -379,13 +394,13 @@ module ActiveRecord
     ##
     def initialize_dup(other) # :nodoc:
       @attributes = @attributes.deep_dup
-      @attributes.reset(self.class.primary_key)
+      @attributes.reset(@primary_key)
 
       _run_initialize_callbacks
 
       @new_record               = true
       @destroyed                = false
-      @_start_transaction_state = {}
+      @_start_transaction_state = nil
       @transaction_state        = nil
 
       super
@@ -446,6 +461,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
     # Returns +true+ if the attributes hash has been frozen.
     def frozen?
+      sync_with_transaction_state if @transaction_state&.finalized?
       @attributes.frozen?
     end
 
@@ -458,6 +474,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
     end
 
+    def present? # :nodoc:
+      true
+    end
+
+    def blank? # :nodoc:
+      false
+    end
+
     # Returns +true+ if the record is read only. Records loaded through joins with piggy-back
     # attributes will be marked as read only since they cannot be saved.
     def readonly?
@@ -480,7 +504,14 @@ module ActiveRecord
       inspection = if defined?(@attributes) && @attributes
         self.class.attribute_names.collect do |name|
           if has_attribute?(name)
-            "#{name}: #{attribute_for_inspect(name)}"
+            attr = _read_attribute(name)
+            value = if attr.nil?
+              attr.inspect
+            else
+              attr = format_for_inspect(attr)
+              inspection_filter.filter_param(name, attr)
+            end
+            "#{name}: #{value}"
           end
         end.compact.join(", ")
       else
@@ -496,15 +527,16 @@ module ActiveRecord
       return super if custom_inspect_method_defined?
       pp.object_address_group(self) do
         if defined?(@attributes) && @attributes
-          column_names = self.class.column_names.select { |name| has_attribute?(name) || new_record? }
-          pp.seplist(column_names, proc { pp.text "," }) do |column_name|
-            column_value = read_attribute(column_name)
+          attr_names = self.class.attribute_names.select { |name| has_attribute?(name) }
+          pp.seplist(attr_names, proc { pp.text "," }) do |attr_name|
             pp.breakable " "
             pp.group(1) do
-              pp.text column_name
+              pp.text attr_name
               pp.text ":"
               pp.breakable
-              pp.pp column_value
+              value = _read_attribute(attr_name)
+              value = inspection_filter.filter_param(attr_name, value) unless value.nil?
+              pp.pp value
             end
           end
         else
@@ -520,7 +552,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     private
-
       # +Array#flatten+ will call +#to_ary+ (recursively) on each of the elements of
       # the array, and then rescues from the possible +NoMethodError+. If those elements are
       # +ActiveRecord::Base+'s, then this triggers the various +method_missing+'s that we have,
@@ -534,26 +565,36 @@ module ActiveRecord
       end
 
       def init_internals
+        @primary_key              = self.class.primary_key
         @readonly                 = false
         @destroyed                = false
         @marked_for_destruction   = false
         @destroyed_by_association = nil
-        @new_record               = true
-        @_start_transaction_state = {}
+        @_start_transaction_state = nil
         @transaction_state        = nil
+
+        self.class.define_attribute_methods
       end
 
       def initialize_internals_callback
       end
 
-      def thaw
-        if frozen?
-          @attributes = @attributes.dup
+      def custom_inspect_method_defined?
+        self.class.instance_method(:inspect).owner != ActiveRecord::Base.instance_method(:inspect).owner
+      end
+
+      class InspectionMask < DelegateClass(::String)
+        def pretty_print(pp)
+          pp.text __getobj__
         end
       end
+      private_constant :InspectionMask
 
-      def custom_inspect_method_defined?
-        self.class.instance_method(:inspect).owner != ActiveRecord::Base.instance_method(:inspect).owner
+      def inspection_filter
+        @inspection_filter ||= begin
+          mask = InspectionMask.new(ActiveSupport::ParameterFilter::FILTERED)
+          ActiveSupport::ParameterFilter.new(self.class.filter_attributes, mask: mask)
+        end
       end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/counter_cache.rb

@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@ module ActiveRecord
 
           if touch
             names = touch if touch != true
-            updates.merge!(touch_attributes_with_time(*names))
+            names = Array.wrap(names)
+            options = names.extract_options!
+            touch_updates = touch_attributes_with_time(*names, **options)
+            updates.merge!(touch_updates)
           end
 
           unscoped.where(primary_key => object.id).update_all(updates)
@@ -102,27 +105,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   #    `updated_at` = '2016-10-13T09:59:23-05:00'
       #   #  WHERE id IN (10, 15)
       def update_counters(id, counters)
-        touch = counters.delete(:touch)
-
-        updates = counters.map do |counter_name, value|
-          operator = value < 0 ? "-" : "+"
-          quoted_column = connection.quote_column_name(counter_name)
-          "#{quoted_column} = COALESCE(#{quoted_column}, 0) #{operator} #{value.abs}"
-        end
-
-        if touch
-          names = touch if touch != true
-          touch_updates = touch_attributes_with_time(*names)
-          updates << sanitize_sql_for_assignment(touch_updates) unless touch_updates.empty?
-        end
-
-        if id.is_a?(Relation) && self == id.klass
-          relation = id
-        else
-          relation = unscoped.where!(primary_key => id)
-        end
-
-        relation.update_all updates.join(", ")
+        unscoped.where!(primary_key => id).update_counters(counters)
       end
 
       # Increment a numeric field by one, via a direct SQL update.
@@ -179,14 +162,11 @@ module ActiveRecord
     end
 
     private
-
-      def _create_record(*)
+      def _create_record(attribute_names = self.attribute_names)
         id = super
 
         each_counter_cached_associations do |association|
-          if send(association.reflection.name)
-            association.increment_counters
-          end
+          association.increment_counters
         end
 
         id
@@ -199,9 +179,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           each_counter_cached_associations do |association|
             foreign_key = association.reflection.foreign_key.to_sym
             unless destroyed_by_association && destroyed_by_association.foreign_key.to_sym == foreign_key
-              if send(association.reflection.name)
-                association.decrement_counters
-              end
+              association.decrement_counters
             end
           end
         end

data/lib/active_record/database_configurations/database_config.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class DatabaseConfigurations
+    # ActiveRecord::Base.configurations will return either a HashConfig or
+    # UrlConfig respectively. It will never return a DatabaseConfig object,
+    # as this is the parent class for the types of database configuration objects.
+    class DatabaseConfig # :nodoc:
+      attr_reader :env_name, :spec_name
+
+      def initialize(env_name, spec_name)
+        @env_name = env_name
+        @spec_name = spec_name
+      end
+
+      def replica?
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      def migrations_paths
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      def url_config?
+        false
+      end
+
+      def to_legacy_hash
+        { env_name => config }
+      end
+
+      def for_current_env?
+        env_name == ActiveRecord::ConnectionHandling::DEFAULT_ENV.call
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end