activerecord 4.2.0

data/lib/active_record/locking/pessimistic.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Locking
+    # Locking::Pessimistic provides support for row-level locking using
+    # SELECT ... FOR UPDATE and other lock types.
+    #
+    # Chain <tt>ActiveRecord::Base#find</tt> to <tt>ActiveRecord::QueryMethods#lock</tt> to obtain an exclusive
+    # lock on the selected rows:
+    #   # select * from accounts where id=1 for update
+    #   Account.lock.find(1)
+    #
+    # Call <tt>lock('some locking clause')</tt> to use a database-specific locking clause
+    # of your own such as 'LOCK IN SHARE MODE' or 'FOR UPDATE NOWAIT'. Example:
+    #
+    #   Account.transaction do
+    #     # select * from accounts where name = 'shugo' limit 1 for update
+    #     shugo = Account.where("name = 'shugo'").lock(true).first
+    #     yuko = Account.where("name = 'yuko'").lock(true).first
+    #     shugo.balance -= 100
+    #     shugo.save!
+    #     yuko.balance += 100
+    #     yuko.save!
+    #   end
+    #
+    # You can also use <tt>ActiveRecord::Base#lock!</tt> method to lock one record by id.
+    # This may be better if you don't need to lock every row. Example:
+    #
+    #   Account.transaction do
+    #     # select * from accounts where ...
+    #     accounts = Account.where(...)
+    #     account1 = accounts.detect { |account| ... }
+    #     account2 = accounts.detect { |account| ... }
+    #     # select * from accounts where id=? for update
+    #     account1.lock!
+    #     account2.lock!
+    #     account1.balance -= 100
+    #     account1.save!
+    #     account2.balance += 100
+    #     account2.save!
+    #   end
+    #
+    # You can start a transaction and acquire the lock in one go by calling
+    # <tt>with_lock</tt> with a block. The block is called from within
+    # a transaction, the object is already locked. Example:
+    #
+    #   account = Account.first
+    #   account.with_lock do
+    #     # This block is called within a transaction,
+    #     # account is already locked.
+    #     account.balance -= 100
+    #     account.save!
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Database-specific information on row locking:
+    #   MySQL: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/innodb-locking-reads.html
+    #   PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/interactive/sql-select.html#SQL-FOR-UPDATE-SHARE
+    module Pessimistic
+      # Obtain a row lock on this record. Reloads the record to obtain the requested
+      # lock. Pass an SQL locking clause to append the end of the SELECT statement
+      # or pass true for "FOR UPDATE" (the default, an exclusive row lock). Returns
+      # the locked record.
+      def lock!(lock = true)
+        reload(:lock => lock) if persisted?
+        self
+      end
+
+      # Wraps the passed block in a transaction, locking the object
+      # before yielding. You can pass the SQL locking clause
+      # as argument (see <tt>lock!</tt>).
+      def with_lock(lock = true)
+        transaction do
+          lock!(lock)
+          yield
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/log_subscriber.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  class LogSubscriber < ActiveSupport::LogSubscriber
+    IGNORE_PAYLOAD_NAMES = ["SCHEMA", "EXPLAIN"]
+
+    def self.runtime=(value)
+      ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.sql_runtime = value
+    end
+
+    def self.runtime
+      ActiveRecord::RuntimeRegistry.sql_runtime ||= 0
+    end
+
+    def self.reset_runtime
+      rt, self.runtime = runtime, 0
+      rt
+    end
+
+    def initialize
+      super
+      @odd = false
+    end
+
+    def render_bind(column, value)
+      if column
+        if column.binary?
+          # This specifically deals with the PG adapter that casts bytea columns into a Hash.
+          value = value[:value] if value.is_a?(Hash)
+          value = value ? "<#{value.bytesize} bytes of binary data>" : "<NULL binary data>"
+        end
+
+        [column.name, value]
+      else
+        [nil, value]
+      end
+    end
+
+    def sql(event)
+      self.class.runtime += event.duration
+      return unless logger.debug?
+
+      payload = event.payload
+
+      return if IGNORE_PAYLOAD_NAMES.include?(payload[:name])
+
+      name  = "#{payload[:name]} (#{event.duration.round(1)}ms)"
+      sql   = payload[:sql]
+      binds = nil
+
+      unless (payload[:binds] || []).empty?
+        binds = "  " + payload[:binds].map { |col,v|
+          render_bind(col, v)
+        }.inspect
+      end
+
+      if odd?
+        name = color(name, CYAN, true)
+        sql  = color(sql, nil, true)
+      else
+        name = color(name, MAGENTA, true)
+      end
+
+      debug "  #{name}  #{sql}#{binds}"
+    end
+
+    def odd?
+      @odd = !@odd
+    end
+
+    def logger
+      ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.attach_to :active_record

data/lib/active_record/migration.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,1051 @@
+require "active_support/core_ext/module/attribute_accessors"
+require 'set'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  class MigrationError < ActiveRecordError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(message = nil)
+      message = "\n\n#{message}\n\n" if message
+      super
+    end
+  end
+
+  # Exception that can be raised to stop migrations from going backwards.
+  class IrreversibleMigration < MigrationError
+  end
+
+  class DuplicateMigrationVersionError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(version)
+      super("Multiple migrations have the version number #{version}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  class DuplicateMigrationNameError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(name)
+      super("Multiple migrations have the name #{name}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  class UnknownMigrationVersionError < MigrationError #:nodoc:
+    def initialize(version)
+      super("No migration with version number #{version}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  class IllegalMigrationNameError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize(name)
+      super("Illegal name for migration file: #{name}\n\t(only lower case letters, numbers, and '_' allowed)")
+    end
+  end
+
+  class PendingMigrationError < MigrationError#:nodoc:
+    def initialize
+      if defined?(Rails)
+        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n\tbin/rake db:migrate RAILS_ENV=#{::Rails.env}")
+      else
+        super("Migrations are pending. To resolve this issue, run:\n\n\tbin/rake db:migrate")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # = Active Record Migrations
+  #
+  # Migrations can manage the evolution of a schema used by several physical
+  # databases. It's a solution to the common problem of adding a field to make
+  # a new feature work in your local database, but being unsure of how to
+  # push that change to other developers and to the production server. With
+  # migrations, you can describe the transformations in self-contained classes
+  # that can be checked into version control systems and executed against
+  # another database that might be one, two, or five versions behind.
+  #
+  # Example of a simple migration:
+  #
+  #   class AddSsl < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       add_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled, :boolean, default: true
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       remove_column :accounts, :ssl_enabled
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration will add a boolean flag to the accounts table and remove it
+  # if you're backing out of the migration. It shows how all migrations have
+  # two methods +up+ and +down+ that describes the transformations
+  # required to implement or remove the migration. These methods can consist
+  # of both the migration specific methods like +add_column+ and +remove_column+,
+  # but may also contain regular Ruby code for generating data needed for the
+  # transformations.
+  #
+  # Example of a more complex migration that also needs to initialize data:
+  #
+  #   class AddSystemSettings < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       create_table :system_settings do |t|
+  #         t.string  :name
+  #         t.string  :label
+  #         t.text    :value
+  #         t.string  :type
+  #         t.integer :position
+  #       end
+  #
+  #       SystemSetting.create  name:  'notice',
+  #                             label: 'Use notice?',
+  #                             value: 1
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       drop_table :system_settings
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration first adds the +system_settings+ table, then creates the very
+  # first row in it using the Active Record model that relies on the table. It
+  # also uses the more advanced +create_table+ syntax where you can specify a
+  # complete table schema in one block call.
+  #
+  # == Available transformations
+  #
+  # * <tt>create_table(name, options)</tt>: Creates a table called +name+ and
+  #   makes the table object available to a block that can then add columns to it,
+  #   following the same format as +add_column+. See example above. The options hash
+  #   is for fragments like "DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF-8" that are appended to the create
+  #   table definition.
+  # * <tt>drop_table(name)</tt>: Drops the table called +name+.
+  # * <tt>change_table(name, options)</tt>: Allows to make column alterations to
+  #   the table called +name+. It makes the table object available to a block that
+  #   can then add/remove columns, indexes or foreign keys to it.
+  # * <tt>rename_table(old_name, new_name)</tt>: Renames the table called +old_name+
+  #   to +new_name+.
+  # * <tt>add_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Adds a new column
+  #   to the table called +table_name+
+  #   named +column_name+ specified to be one of the following types:
+  #   <tt>:string</tt>, <tt>:text</tt>, <tt>:integer</tt>, <tt>:float</tt>,
+  #   <tt>:decimal</tt>, <tt>:datetime</tt>, <tt>:timestamp</tt>, <tt>:time</tt>,
+  #   <tt>:date</tt>, <tt>:binary</tt>, <tt>:boolean</tt>. A default value can be
+  #   specified by passing an +options+ hash like <tt>{ default: 11 }</tt>.
+  #   Other options include <tt>:limit</tt> and <tt>:null</tt> (e.g.
+  #   <tt>{ limit: 50, null: false }</tt>) -- see
+  #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::TableDefinition#column for details.
+  # * <tt>rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)</tt>: Renames
+  #   a column but keeps the type and content.
+  # * <tt>change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>:  Changes
+  #   the column to a different type using the same parameters as add_column.
+  # * <tt>remove_column(table_name, column_name, type, options)</tt>: Removes the column
+  #   named +column_name+ from the table called +table_name+.
+  # * <tt>add_index(table_name, column_names, options)</tt>: Adds a new index
+  #   with the name of the column. Other options include
+  #   <tt>:name</tt>, <tt>:unique</tt> (e.g.
+  #   <tt>{ name: 'users_name_index', unique: true }</tt>) and <tt>:order</tt>
+  #   (e.g. <tt>{ order: { name: :desc } }</tt>).
+  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, column: column_name)</tt>: Removes the index
+  #   specified by +column_name+.
+  # * <tt>remove_index(table_name, name: index_name)</tt>: Removes the index
+  #   specified by +index_name+.
+  #
+  # == Irreversible transformations
+  #
+  # Some transformations are destructive in a manner that cannot be reversed.
+  # Migrations of that kind should raise an <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt>
+  # exception in their +down+ method.
+  #
+  # == Running migrations from within Rails
+  #
+  # The Rails package has several tools to help create and apply migrations.
+  #
+  # To generate a new migration, you can use
+  #   rails generate migration MyNewMigration
+  #
+  # where MyNewMigration is the name of your migration. The generator will
+  # create an empty migration file <tt>timestamp_my_new_migration.rb</tt>
+  # in the <tt>db/migrate/</tt> directory where <tt>timestamp</tt> is the
+  # UTC formatted date and time that the migration was generated.
+  #
+  # There is a special syntactic shortcut to generate migrations that add fields to a table.
+  #
+  #   rails generate migration add_fieldname_to_tablename fieldname:string
+  #
+  # This will generate the file <tt>timestamp_add_fieldname_to_tablename</tt>, which will look like this:
+  #   class AddFieldnameToTablename < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def change
+  #       add_column :tablenames, :field, :string
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # To run migrations against the currently configured database, use
+  # <tt>rake db:migrate</tt>. This will update the database by running all of the
+  # pending migrations, creating the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table
+  # (see "About the schema_migrations table" section below) if missing. It will also
+  # invoke the db:schema:dump task, which will update your db/schema.rb file
+  # to match the structure of your database.
+  #
+  # To roll the database back to a previous migration version, use
+  # <tt>rake db:migrate VERSION=X</tt> where <tt>X</tt> is the version to which
+  # you wish to downgrade. Alternatively, you can also use the STEP option if you
+  # wish to rollback last few migrations. <tt>rake db:migrate STEP=2</tt> will rollback
+  # the latest two migrations.
+  #
+  # If any of the migrations throw an <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt> exception,
+  # that step will fail and you'll have some manual work to do.
+  #
+  # == Database support
+  #
+  # Migrations are currently supported in MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite,
+  # SQL Server, and Oracle (all supported databases except DB2).
+  #
+  # == More examples
+  #
+  # Not all migrations change the schema. Some just fix the data:
+  #
+  #   class RemoveEmptyTags < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       Tag.all.each { |tag| tag.destroy if tag.pages.empty? }
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       # not much we can do to restore deleted data
+  #       raise ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration, "Can't recover the deleted tags"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Others remove columns when they migrate up instead of down:
+  #
+  #   class RemoveUnnecessaryItemAttributes < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       remove_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
+  #       remove_column :items, :completed_items_count
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       add_column :items, :incomplete_items_count
+  #       add_column :items, :completed_items_count
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # And sometimes you need to do something in SQL not abstracted directly by migrations:
+  #
+  #   class MakeJoinUnique < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` ADD UNIQUE `page_id_linked_page_id` (`page_id`,`linked_page_id`)"
+  #     end
+  #
+  #     def down
+  #       execute "ALTER TABLE `pages_linked_pages` DROP INDEX `page_id_linked_page_id`"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Using a model after changing its table
+  #
+  # Sometimes you'll want to add a column in a migration and populate it
+  # immediately after. In that case, you'll need to make a call to
+  # <tt>Base#reset_column_information</tt> in order to ensure that the model has the
+  # latest column data from after the new column was added. Example:
+  #
+  #   class AddPeopleSalary < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def up
+  #       add_column :people, :salary, :integer
+  #       Person.reset_column_information
+  #       Person.all.each do |p|
+  #         p.update_attribute :salary, SalaryCalculator.compute(p)
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # == Controlling verbosity
+  #
+  # By default, migrations will describe the actions they are taking, writing
+  # them to the console as they happen, along with benchmarks describing how
+  # long each step took.
+  #
+  # You can quiet them down by setting ActiveRecord::Migration.verbose = false.
+  #
+  # You can also insert your own messages and benchmarks by using the +say_with_time+
+  # method:
+  #
+  #   def up
+  #     ...
+  #     say_with_time "Updating salaries..." do
+  #       Person.all.each do |p|
+  #         p.update_attribute :salary, SalaryCalculator.compute(p)
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #     ...
+  #   end
+  #
+  # The phrase "Updating salaries..." would then be printed, along with the
+  # benchmark for the block when the block completes.
+  #
+  # == About the schema_migrations table
+  #
+  # Rails versions 2.0 and prior used to create a table called
+  # <tt>schema_info</tt> when using migrations. This table contained the
+  # version of the schema as of the last applied migration.
+  #
+  # Starting with Rails 2.1, the <tt>schema_info</tt> table is
+  # (automatically) replaced by the <tt>schema_migrations</tt> table, which
+  # contains the version numbers of all the migrations applied.
+  #
+  # As a result, it is now possible to add migration files that are numbered
+  # lower than the current schema version: when migrating up, those
+  # never-applied "interleaved" migrations will be automatically applied, and
+  # when migrating down, never-applied "interleaved" migrations will be skipped.
+  #
+  # == Timestamped Migrations
+  #
+  # By default, Rails generates migrations that look like:
+  #
+  #    20080717013526_your_migration_name.rb
+  #
+  # The prefix is a generation timestamp (in UTC).
+  #
+  # If you'd prefer to use numeric prefixes, you can turn timestamped migrations
+  # off by setting:
+  #
+  #    config.active_record.timestamped_migrations = false
+  #
+  # In application.rb.
+  #
+  # == Reversible Migrations
+  #
+  # Starting with Rails 3.1, you will be able to define reversible migrations.
+  # Reversible migrations are migrations that know how to go +down+ for you.
+  # You simply supply the +up+ logic, and the Migration system will figure out
+  # how to execute the down commands for you.
+  #
+  # To define a reversible migration, define the +change+ method in your
+  # migration like this:
+  #
+  #   class TenderloveMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     def change
+  #       create_table(:horses) do |t|
+  #         t.column :content, :text
+  #         t.column :remind_at, :datetime
+  #       end
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # This migration will create the horses table for you on the way up, and
+  # automatically figure out how to drop the table on the way down.
+  #
+  # Some commands like +remove_column+ cannot be reversed.  If you care to
+  # define how to move up and down in these cases, you should define the +up+
+  # and +down+ methods as before.
+  #
+  # If a command cannot be reversed, an
+  # <tt>ActiveRecord::IrreversibleMigration</tt> exception will be raised when
+  # the migration is moving down.
+  #
+  # For a list of commands that are reversible, please see
+  # <tt>ActiveRecord::Migration::CommandRecorder</tt>.
+  #
+  # == Transactional Migrations
+  #
+  # If the database adapter supports DDL transactions, all migrations will
+  # automatically be wrapped in a transaction. There are queries that you
+  # can't execute inside a transaction though, and for these situations
+  # you can turn the automatic transactions off.
+  #
+  #   class ChangeEnum < ActiveRecord::Migration
+  #     disable_ddl_transaction!
+  #
+  #     def up
+  #       execute "ALTER TYPE model_size ADD VALUE 'new_value'"
+  #     end
+  #   end
+  #
+  # Remember that you can still open your own transactions, even if you
+  # are in a Migration with <tt>self.disable_ddl_transaction!</tt>.
+  class Migration
+    autoload :CommandRecorder, 'active_record/migration/command_recorder'
+
+
+    # This class is used to verify that all migrations have been run before
+    # loading a web page if config.active_record.migration_error is set to :page_load
+    class CheckPending
+      def initialize(app)
+        @app = app
+        @last_check = 0
+      end
+
+      def call(env)
+        if connection.supports_migrations?
+          mtime = ActiveRecord::Migrator.last_migration.mtime.to_i
+          if @last_check < mtime
+            ActiveRecord::Migration.check_pending!(connection)
+            @last_check = mtime
+          end
+        end
+        @app.call(env)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def connection
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+      end
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      attr_accessor :delegate # :nodoc:
+      attr_accessor :disable_ddl_transaction # :nodoc:
+
+      def check_pending!(connection = Base.connection)
+        raise ActiveRecord::PendingMigrationError if ActiveRecord::Migrator.needs_migration?(connection)
+      end
+
+      def load_schema_if_pending!
+        if ActiveRecord::Migrator.needs_migration? || !ActiveRecord::Migrator.any_migrations?
+          # Roundrip to Rake to allow plugins to hook into database initialization.
+          FileUtils.cd Rails.root do
+            current_config = Base.connection_config
+            Base.clear_all_connections!
+            system("bin/rake db:test:prepare")
+            # Establish a new connection, the old database may be gone (db:test:prepare uses purge)
+            Base.establish_connection(current_config)
+          end
+          check_pending!
+        end
+      end
+
+      def maintain_test_schema! # :nodoc:
+        if ActiveRecord::Base.maintain_test_schema
+          suppress_messages { load_schema_if_pending! }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def method_missing(name, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
+        (delegate || superclass.delegate).send(name, *args, &block)
+      end
+
+      def migrate(direction)
+        new.migrate direction
+      end
+
+      # Disable DDL transactions for this migration.
+      def disable_ddl_transaction!
+        @disable_ddl_transaction = true
+      end
+    end
+
+    def disable_ddl_transaction # :nodoc:
+      self.class.disable_ddl_transaction
+    end
+
+    cattr_accessor :verbose
+    attr_accessor :name, :version
+
+    def initialize(name = self.class.name, version = nil)
+      @name       = name
+      @version    = version
+      @connection = nil
+    end
+
+    self.verbose = true
+    # instantiate the delegate object after initialize is defined
+    self.delegate = new
+
+    # Reverses the migration commands for the given block and
+    # the given migrations.
+    #
+    # The following migration will remove the table 'horses'
+    # and create the table 'apples' on the way up, and the reverse
+    # on the way down.
+    #
+    #   class FixTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+    #     def change
+    #       revert do
+    #         create_table(:horses) do |t|
+    #           t.text :content
+    #           t.datetime :remind_at
+    #         end
+    #       end
+    #       create_table(:apples) do |t|
+    #         t.string :variety
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # Or equivalently, if +TenderloveMigration+ is defined as in the
+    # documentation for Migration:
+    #
+    #   require_relative '2012121212_tenderlove_migration'
+    #
+    #   class FixupTLMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+    #     def change
+    #       revert TenderloveMigration
+    #
+    #       create_table(:apples) do |t|
+    #         t.string :variety
+    #       end
+    #     end
+    #   end
+    #
+    # This command can be nested.
+    def revert(*migration_classes)
+      run(*migration_classes.reverse, revert: true) unless migration_classes.empty?
+      if block_given?
+        if @connection.respond_to? :revert
+          @connection.revert { yield }
+        else
+          recorder = CommandRecorder.new(@connection)
+          @connection = recorder
+          suppress_messages do
+            @connection.revert { yield }
+          end
+          @connection = recorder.delegate
+          recorder.commands.each do |cmd, args, block|
+            send(cmd, *args, &block)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def reverting?
+      @connection.respond_to?(:reverting) && @connection.reverting
+    end
+
+    class ReversibleBlockHelper < Struct.new(:reverting) # :nodoc:
+      def up
+        yield unless reverting
+      end
+
+      def down
+        yield if reverting
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Used to specify an operation that can be run in one direction or another.
+    # Call the methods +up+ and +down+ of the yielded object to run a block
+    # only in one given direction.
+    # The whole block will be called in the right order within the migration.
+    #
+    # In the following example, the looping on users will always be done
+    # when the three columns 'first_name', 'last_name' and 'full_name' exist,
+    # even when migrating down:
+    #
+    #    class SplitNameMigration < ActiveRecord::Migration
+    #      def change
+    #        add_column :users, :first_name, :string
+    #        add_column :users, :last_name, :string
+    #
+    #        reversible do |dir|
+    #          User.reset_column_information
+    #          User.all.each do |u|
+    #            dir.up   { u.first_name, u.last_name = u.full_name.split(' ') }
+    #            dir.down { u.full_name = "#{u.first_name} #{u.last_name}" }
+    #            u.save
+    #          end
+    #        end
+    #
+    #        revert { add_column :users, :full_name, :string }
+    #      end
+    #    end
+    def reversible
+      helper = ReversibleBlockHelper.new(reverting?)
+      execute_block{ yield helper }
+    end
+
+    # Runs the given migration classes.
+    # Last argument can specify options:
+    # - :direction (default is :up)
+    # - :revert (default is false)
+    def run(*migration_classes)
+      opts = migration_classes.extract_options!
+      dir = opts[:direction] || :up
+      dir = (dir == :down ? :up : :down) if opts[:revert]
+      if reverting?
+        # If in revert and going :up, say, we want to execute :down without reverting, so
+        revert { run(*migration_classes, direction: dir, revert: true) }
+      else
+        migration_classes.each do |migration_class|
+          migration_class.new.exec_migration(@connection, dir)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def up
+      self.class.delegate = self
+      return unless self.class.respond_to?(:up)
+      self.class.up
+    end
+
+    def down
+      self.class.delegate = self
+      return unless self.class.respond_to?(:down)
+      self.class.down
+    end
+
+    # Execute this migration in the named direction
+    def migrate(direction)
+      return unless respond_to?(direction)
+
+      case direction
+      when :up   then announce "migrating"
+      when :down then announce "reverting"
+      end
+
+      time   = nil
+      ActiveRecord::Base.connection_pool.with_connection do |conn|
+        time = Benchmark.measure do
+          exec_migration(conn, direction)
+        end
+      end
+
+      case direction
+      when :up   then announce "migrated (%.4fs)" % time.real; write
+      when :down then announce "reverted (%.4fs)" % time.real; write
+      end
+    end
+
+    def exec_migration(conn, direction)
+      @connection = conn
+      if respond_to?(:change)
+        if direction == :down
+          revert { change }
+        else
+          change
+        end
+      else
+        send(direction)
+      end
+    ensure
+      @connection = nil
+    end
+
+    def write(text="")
+      puts(text) if verbose
+    end
+
+    def announce(message)
+      text = "#{version} #{name}: #{message}"
+      length = [0, 75 - text.length].max
+      write "== %s %s" % [text, "=" * length]
+    end
+
+    def say(message, subitem=false)
+      write "#{subitem ? "   ->" : "--"} #{message}"
+    end
+
+    def say_with_time(message)
+      say(message)
+      result = nil
+      time = Benchmark.measure { result = yield }
+      say "%.4fs" % time.real, :subitem
+      say("#{result} rows", :subitem) if result.is_a?(Integer)
+      result
+    end
+
+    def suppress_messages
+      save, self.verbose = verbose, false
+      yield
+    ensure
+      self.verbose = save
+    end
+
+    def connection
+      @connection || ActiveRecord::Base.connection
+    end
+
+    def method_missing(method, *arguments, &block)
+      arg_list = arguments.map{ |a| a.inspect } * ', '
+
+      say_with_time "#{method}(#{arg_list})" do
+        unless @connection.respond_to? :revert
+          unless arguments.empty? || [:execute, :enable_extension, :disable_extension].include?(method)
+            arguments[0] = proper_table_name(arguments.first, table_name_options)
+            if [:rename_table, :add_foreign_key].include?(method)
+              arguments[1] = proper_table_name(arguments.second, table_name_options)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+        return super unless connection.respond_to?(method)
+        connection.send(method, *arguments, &block)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def copy(destination, sources, options = {})
+      copied = []
+
+      FileUtils.mkdir_p(destination) unless File.exist?(destination)
+
+      destination_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(destination)
+      last = destination_migrations.last
+      sources.each do |scope, path|
+        source_migrations = ActiveRecord::Migrator.migrations(path)
+
+        source_migrations.each do |migration|
+          source = File.binread(migration.filename)
+          inserted_comment = "# This migration comes from #{scope} (originally #{migration.version})\n"
+          if /\A#.*\b(?:en)?coding:\s*\S+/ =~ source
+            # If we have a magic comment in the original migration,
+            # insert our comment after the first newline(end of the magic comment line)
+            # so the magic keep working.
+            # Note that magic comments must be at the first line(except sh-bang).
+            source[/\n/] = "\n#{inserted_comment}"
+          else
+            source = "#{inserted_comment}#{source}"
+          end
+
+          if duplicate = destination_migrations.detect { |m| m.name == migration.name }
+            if options[:on_skip] && duplicate.scope != scope.to_s
+              options[:on_skip].call(scope, migration)
+            end
+            next
+          end
+
+          migration.version = next_migration_number(last ? last.version + 1 : 0).to_i
+          new_path = File.join(destination, "#{migration.version}_#{migration.name.underscore}.#{scope}.rb")
+          old_path, migration.filename = migration.filename, new_path
+          last = migration
+
+          File.binwrite(migration.filename, source)
+          copied << migration
+          options[:on_copy].call(scope, migration, old_path) if options[:on_copy]
+          destination_migrations << migration
+        end
+      end
+
+      copied
+    end
+
+    # Finds the correct table name given an Active Record object.
+    # Uses the Active Record object's own table_name, or pre/suffix from the
+    # options passed in.
+    def proper_table_name(name, options = {})
+      if name.respond_to? :table_name
+        name.table_name
+      else
+        "#{options[:table_name_prefix]}#{name}#{options[:table_name_suffix]}"
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Determines the version number of the next migration.
+    def next_migration_number(number)
+      if ActiveRecord::Base.timestamped_migrations
+        [Time.now.utc.strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S"), "%.14d" % number].max
+      else
+        SchemaMigration.normalize_migration_number(number)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def table_name_options(config = ActiveRecord::Base)
+      {
+        table_name_prefix: config.table_name_prefix,
+        table_name_suffix: config.table_name_suffix
+      }
+    end
+
+    private
+    def execute_block
+      if connection.respond_to? :execute_block
+        super # use normal delegation to record the block
+      else
+        yield
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  # MigrationProxy is used to defer loading of the actual migration classes
+  # until they are needed
+  class MigrationProxy < Struct.new(:name, :version, :filename, :scope)
+
+    def initialize(name, version, filename, scope)
+      super
+      @migration = nil
+    end
+
+    def basename
+      File.basename(filename)
+    end
+
+    def mtime
+      File.mtime filename
+    end
+
+    delegate :migrate, :announce, :write, :disable_ddl_transaction, to: :migration
+
+    private
+
+      def migration
+        @migration ||= load_migration
+      end
+
+      def load_migration
+        require(File.expand_path(filename))
+        name.constantize.new(name, version)
+      end
+
+  end
+
+  class NullMigration < MigrationProxy #:nodoc:
+    def initialize
+      super(nil, 0, nil, nil)
+    end
+
+    def mtime
+      0
+    end
+  end
+
+  class Migrator#:nodoc:
+    class << self
+      attr_writer :migrations_paths
+      alias :migrations_path= :migrations_paths=
+
+      def migrate(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
+        case
+        when target_version.nil?
+          up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
+        when current_version == 0 && target_version == 0
+          []
+        when current_version > target_version
+          down(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
+        else
+          up(migrations_paths, target_version, &block)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def rollback(migrations_paths, steps=1)
+        move(:down, migrations_paths, steps)
+      end
+
+      def forward(migrations_paths, steps=1)
+        move(:up, migrations_paths, steps)
+      end
+
+      def up(migrations_paths, target_version = nil)
+        migrations = migrations(migrations_paths)
+        migrations.select! { |m| yield m } if block_given?
+
+        new(:up, migrations, target_version).migrate
+      end
+
+      def down(migrations_paths, target_version = nil, &block)
+        migrations = migrations(migrations_paths)
+        migrations.select! { |m| yield m } if block_given?
+
+        new(:down, migrations, target_version).migrate
+      end
+
+      def run(direction, migrations_paths, target_version)
+        new(direction, migrations(migrations_paths), target_version).run
+      end
+
+      def open(migrations_paths)
+        new(:up, migrations(migrations_paths), nil)
+      end
+
+      def schema_migrations_table_name
+        SchemaMigration.table_name
+      end
+
+      def get_all_versions(connection = Base.connection)
+        if connection.table_exists?(schema_migrations_table_name)
+          SchemaMigration.all.map { |x| x.version.to_i }.sort
+        else
+          []
+        end
+      end
+
+      def current_version(connection = Base.connection)
+        get_all_versions(connection).max || 0
+      end
+
+      def needs_migration?(connection = Base.connection)
+        (migrations(migrations_paths).collect(&:version) - get_all_versions(connection)).size > 0
+      end
+
+      def any_migrations?
+        migrations(migrations_paths).any?
+      end
+
+      def last_version
+        last_migration.version
+      end
+
+      def last_migration #:nodoc:
+        migrations(migrations_paths).last || NullMigration.new
+      end
+
+      def migrations_paths
+        @migrations_paths ||= ['db/migrate']
+        # just to not break things if someone uses: migration_path = some_string
+        Array(@migrations_paths)
+      end
+
+      def migrations_path
+        migrations_paths.first
+      end
+
+      def migrations(paths)
+        paths = Array(paths)
+
+        files = Dir[*paths.map { |p| "#{p}/**/[0-9]*_*.rb" }]
+
+        migrations = files.map do |file|
+          version, name, scope = file.scan(/([0-9]+)_([_a-z0-9]*)\.?([_a-z0-9]*)?\.rb\z/).first
+
+          raise IllegalMigrationNameError.new(file) unless version
+          version = version.to_i
+          name = name.camelize
+
+          MigrationProxy.new(name, version, file, scope)
+        end
+
+        migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def move(direction, migrations_paths, steps)
+        migrator = new(direction, migrations(migrations_paths))
+        start_index = migrator.migrations.index(migrator.current_migration)
+
+        if start_index
+          finish = migrator.migrations[start_index + steps]
+          version = finish ? finish.version : 0
+          send(direction, migrations_paths, version)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def initialize(direction, migrations, target_version = nil)
+      raise StandardError.new("This database does not yet support migrations") unless Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+
+      @direction         = direction
+      @target_version    = target_version
+      @migrated_versions = nil
+      @migrations        = migrations
+
+      validate(@migrations)
+
+      Base.connection.initialize_schema_migrations_table
+    end
+
+    def current_version
+      migrated.max || 0
+    end
+
+    def current_migration
+      migrations.detect { |m| m.version == current_version }
+    end
+    alias :current :current_migration
+
+    def run
+      migration = migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+      raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version) if migration.nil?
+      unless (up? && migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)) || (down? && !migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i))
+        begin
+          execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
+        rescue => e
+          canceled_msg = use_transaction?(migration) ? ", this migration was canceled" : ""
+          raise StandardError, "An error has occurred#{canceled_msg}:\n\n#{e}", e.backtrace
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def migrate
+      if !target && @target_version && @target_version > 0
+        raise UnknownMigrationVersionError.new(@target_version)
+      end
+
+      runnable.each do |migration|
+        Base.logger.info "Migrating to #{migration.name} (#{migration.version})" if Base.logger
+
+        begin
+          execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, @direction)
+        rescue => e
+          canceled_msg = use_transaction?(migration) ? "this and " : ""
+          raise StandardError, "An error has occurred, #{canceled_msg}all later migrations canceled:\n\n#{e}", e.backtrace
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def runnable
+      runnable = migrations[start..finish]
+      if up?
+        runnable.reject { |m| ran?(m) }
+      else
+        # skip the last migration if we're headed down, but not ALL the way down
+        runnable.pop if target
+        runnable.find_all { |m| ran?(m) }
+      end
+    end
+
+    def migrations
+      down? ? @migrations.reverse : @migrations.sort_by(&:version)
+    end
+
+    def pending_migrations
+      already_migrated = migrated
+      migrations.reject { |m| already_migrated.include?(m.version) }
+    end
+
+    def migrated
+      @migrated_versions ||= Set.new(self.class.get_all_versions)
+    end
+
+    private
+    def ran?(migration)
+      migrated.include?(migration.version.to_i)
+    end
+
+    def execute_migration_in_transaction(migration, direction)
+      ddl_transaction(migration) do
+        migration.migrate(direction)
+        record_version_state_after_migrating(migration.version)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def target
+      migrations.detect { |m| m.version == @target_version }
+    end
+
+    def finish
+      migrations.index(target) || migrations.size - 1
+    end
+
+    def start
+      up? ? 0 : (migrations.index(current) || 0)
+    end
+
+    def validate(migrations)
+      name ,= migrations.group_by(&:name).find { |_,v| v.length > 1 }
+      raise DuplicateMigrationNameError.new(name) if name
+
+      version ,= migrations.group_by(&:version).find { |_,v| v.length > 1 }
+      raise DuplicateMigrationVersionError.new(version) if version
+    end
+
+    def record_version_state_after_migrating(version)
+      if down?
+        migrated.delete(version)
+        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.where(:version => version.to_s).delete_all
+      else
+        migrated << version
+        ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.create!(:version => version.to_s)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def up?
+      @direction == :up
+    end
+
+    def down?
+      @direction == :down
+    end
+
+    # Wrap the migration in a transaction only if supported by the adapter.
+    def ddl_transaction(migration)
+      if use_transaction?(migration)
+        Base.transaction { yield }
+      else
+        yield
+      end
+    end
+
+    def use_transaction?(migration)
+      !migration.disable_ddl_transaction && Base.connection.supports_ddl_transactions?
+    end
+  end
+end