activerecord 4.2.0

data/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_mysql_adapter.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,883 @@
+require 'arel/visitors/bind_visitor'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/strip'
+
+module ActiveRecord
+  module ConnectionAdapters
+    class AbstractMysqlAdapter < AbstractAdapter
+      include Savepoints
+
+      class SchemaCreation < AbstractAdapter::SchemaCreation
+        def visit_AddColumn(o)
+          add_column_position!(super, column_options(o))
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def visit_DropForeignKey(name)
+          "DROP FOREIGN KEY #{name}"
+        end
+
+        def visit_TableDefinition(o)
+          name = o.name
+          create_sql = "CREATE#{' TEMPORARY' if o.temporary} TABLE #{quote_table_name(name)} "
+
+          statements = o.columns.map { |c| accept c }
+          statements.concat(o.indexes.map { |column_name, options| index_in_create(name, column_name, options) })
+
+          create_sql << "(#{statements.join(', ')}) " if statements.present?
+          create_sql << "#{o.options}"
+          create_sql << " AS #{@conn.to_sql(o.as)}" if o.as
+          create_sql
+        end
+
+        def visit_ChangeColumnDefinition(o)
+          column = o.column
+          options = o.options
+          sql_type = type_to_sql(o.type, options[:limit], options[:precision], options[:scale])
+          change_column_sql = "CHANGE #{quote_column_name(column.name)} #{quote_column_name(options[:name])} #{sql_type}"
+          add_column_options!(change_column_sql, options.merge(column: column))
+          add_column_position!(change_column_sql, options)
+        end
+
+        def add_column_position!(sql, options)
+          if options[:first]
+            sql << " FIRST"
+          elsif options[:after]
+            sql << " AFTER #{quote_column_name(options[:after])}"
+          end
+          sql
+        end
+
+        def index_in_create(table_name, column_name, options)
+          index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, index_algorithm, index_using = @conn.add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
+          "#{index_type} INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} #{index_using} (#{index_columns})#{index_options} #{index_algorithm}"
+        end
+      end
+
+      def schema_creation
+        SchemaCreation.new self
+      end
+
+      class Column < ConnectionAdapters::Column # :nodoc:
+        attr_reader :collation, :strict, :extra
+
+        def initialize(name, default, cast_type, sql_type = nil, null = true, collation = nil, strict = false, extra = "")
+          @strict    = strict
+          @collation = collation
+          @extra     = extra
+          super(name, default, cast_type, sql_type, null)
+          assert_valid_default(default)
+          extract_default
+        end
+
+        def extract_default
+          if blob_or_text_column?
+            @default = null || strict ? nil : ''
+          elsif missing_default_forged_as_empty_string?(@default)
+            @default = nil
+          end
+        end
+
+        def has_default?
+          return false if blob_or_text_column? # MySQL forbids defaults on blob and text columns
+          super
+        end
+
+        def blob_or_text_column?
+          sql_type =~ /blob/i || type == :text
+        end
+
+        def case_sensitive?
+          collation && !collation.match(/_ci$/)
+        end
+
+        def ==(other)
+          super &&
+            collation == other.collation &&
+            strict == other.strict &&
+            extra == other.extra
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        # MySQL misreports NOT NULL column default when none is given.
+        # We can't detect this for columns which may have a legitimate ''
+        # default (string) but we can for others (integer, datetime, boolean,
+        # and the rest).
+        #
+        # Test whether the column has default '', is not null, and is not
+        # a type allowing default ''.
+        def missing_default_forged_as_empty_string?(default)
+          type != :string && !null && default == ''
+        end
+
+        def assert_valid_default(default)
+          if blob_or_text_column? && default.present?
+            raise ArgumentError, "#{type} columns cannot have a default value: #{default.inspect}"
+          end
+        end
+
+        def attributes_for_hash
+          super + [collation, strict, extra]
+        end
+      end
+
+      ##
+      # :singleton-method:
+      # By default, the MysqlAdapter will consider all columns of type <tt>tinyint(1)</tt>
+      # as boolean. If you wish to disable this emulation (which was the default
+      # behavior in versions 0.13.1 and earlier) you can add the following line
+      # to your application.rb file:
+      #
+      #   ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::Mysql[2]Adapter.emulate_booleans = false
+      class_attribute :emulate_booleans
+      self.emulate_booleans = true
+
+      LOST_CONNECTION_ERROR_MESSAGES = [
+        "Server shutdown in progress",
+        "Broken pipe",
+        "Lost connection to MySQL server during query",
+        "MySQL server has gone away" ]
+
+      QUOTED_TRUE, QUOTED_FALSE = '1', '0'
+
+      NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES = {
+        :primary_key => "int(11) auto_increment PRIMARY KEY",
+        :string      => { :name => "varchar", :limit => 255 },
+        :text        => { :name => "text" },
+        :integer     => { :name => "int", :limit => 4 },
+        :float       => { :name => "float" },
+        :decimal     => { :name => "decimal" },
+        :datetime    => { :name => "datetime" },
+        :time        => { :name => "time" },
+        :date        => { :name => "date" },
+        :binary      => { :name => "blob" },
+        :boolean     => { :name => "tinyint", :limit => 1 }
+      }
+
+      INDEX_TYPES  = [:fulltext, :spatial]
+      INDEX_USINGS = [:btree, :hash]
+
+      # FIXME: Make the first parameter more similar for the two adapters
+      def initialize(connection, logger, connection_options, config)
+        super(connection, logger)
+        @connection_options, @config = connection_options, config
+        @quoted_column_names, @quoted_table_names = {}, {}
+
+        @visitor = Arel::Visitors::MySQL.new self
+
+        if self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(config.fetch(:prepared_statements) { true })
+          @prepared_statements = true
+        else
+          @prepared_statements = false
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns true, since this connection adapter supports migrations.
+      def supports_migrations?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_primary_key?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_bulk_alter? #:nodoc:
+        true
+      end
+
+      # Technically MySQL allows to create indexes with the sort order syntax
+      # but at the moment (5.5) it doesn't yet implement them
+      def supports_index_sort_order?
+        true
+      end
+
+      # MySQL 4 technically support transaction isolation, but it is affected by a bug
+      # where the transaction level gets persisted for the whole session:
+      #
+      # http://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=39170
+      def supports_transaction_isolation?
+        version[0] >= 5
+      end
+
+      def supports_indexes_in_create?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_foreign_keys?
+        true
+      end
+
+      def supports_views?
+        version[0] >= 5
+      end
+
+      def native_database_types
+        NATIVE_DATABASE_TYPES
+      end
+
+      def index_algorithms
+        { default: 'ALGORITHM = DEFAULT', copy: 'ALGORITHM = COPY', inplace: 'ALGORITHM = INPLACE' }
+      end
+
+      # HELPER METHODS ===========================================
+
+      # The two drivers have slightly different ways of yielding hashes of results, so
+      # this method must be implemented to provide a uniform interface.
+      def each_hash(result) # :nodoc:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      def new_column(field, default, cast_type, sql_type = nil, null = true, collation = "", extra = "") # :nodoc:
+        Column.new(field, default, cast_type, sql_type, null, collation, strict_mode?, extra)
+      end
+
+      # Must return the MySQL error number from the exception, if the exception has an
+      # error number.
+      def error_number(exception) # :nodoc:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+      end
+
+      # QUOTING ==================================================
+
+      def _quote(value) # :nodoc:
+        if value.is_a?(Type::Binary::Data)
+          "x'#{value.hex}'"
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def quote_column_name(name) #:nodoc:
+        @quoted_column_names[name] ||= "`#{name.to_s.gsub('`', '``')}`"
+      end
+
+      def quote_table_name(name) #:nodoc:
+        @quoted_table_names[name] ||= quote_column_name(name).gsub('.', '`.`')
+      end
+
+      def quoted_true
+        QUOTED_TRUE
+      end
+
+      def unquoted_true
+        1
+      end
+
+      def quoted_false
+        QUOTED_FALSE
+      end
+
+      def unquoted_false
+        0
+      end
+
+      # REFERENTIAL INTEGRITY ====================================
+
+      def disable_referential_integrity #:nodoc:
+        old = select_value("SELECT @@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS")
+
+        begin
+          update("SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0")
+          yield
+        ensure
+          update("SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = #{old}")
+        end
+      end
+
+      #--
+      # DATABASE STATEMENTS ======================================
+      #++
+
+      def clear_cache!
+        super
+        reload_type_map
+      end
+
+      # Executes the SQL statement in the context of this connection.
+      def execute(sql, name = nil)
+        log(sql, name) { @connection.query(sql) }
+      end
+
+      # MysqlAdapter has to free a result after using it, so we use this method to write
+      # stuff in an abstract way without concerning ourselves about whether it needs to be
+      # explicitly freed or not.
+      def execute_and_free(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        yield execute(sql, name)
+      end
+
+      def update_sql(sql, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        super
+        @connection.affected_rows
+      end
+
+      def begin_db_transaction
+        execute "BEGIN"
+      end
+
+      def begin_isolated_db_transaction(isolation)
+        execute "SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL #{transaction_isolation_levels.fetch(isolation)}"
+        begin_db_transaction
+      end
+
+      def commit_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+        execute "COMMIT"
+      end
+
+      def rollback_db_transaction #:nodoc:
+        execute "ROLLBACK"
+      end
+
+      # In the simple case, MySQL allows us to place JOINs directly into the UPDATE
+      # query. However, this does not allow for LIMIT, OFFSET and ORDER. To support
+      # these, we must use a subquery.
+      def join_to_update(update, select) #:nodoc:
+        if select.limit || select.offset || select.orders.any?
+          super
+        else
+          update.table select.source
+          update.wheres = select.constraints
+        end
+      end
+
+      def empty_insert_statement_value
+        "VALUES ()"
+      end
+
+      # SCHEMA STATEMENTS ========================================
+
+      # Drops the database specified on the +name+ attribute
+      # and creates it again using the provided +options+.
+      def recreate_database(name, options = {})
+        drop_database(name)
+        sql = create_database(name, options)
+        reconnect!
+        sql
+      end
+
+      # Create a new MySQL database with optional <tt>:charset</tt> and <tt>:collation</tt>.
+      # Charset defaults to utf8.
+      #
+      # Example:
+      #   create_database 'charset_test', charset: 'latin1', collation: 'latin1_bin'
+      #   create_database 'matt_development'
+      #   create_database 'matt_development', charset: :big5
+      def create_database(name, options = {})
+        if options[:collation]
+          execute "CREATE DATABASE `#{name}` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `#{options[:charset] || 'utf8'}` COLLATE `#{options[:collation]}`"
+        else
+          execute "CREATE DATABASE `#{name}` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET `#{options[:charset] || 'utf8'}`"
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Drops a MySQL database.
+      #
+      # Example:
+      #   drop_database('sebastian_development')
+      def drop_database(name) #:nodoc:
+        execute "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS `#{name}`"
+      end
+
+      def current_database
+        select_value 'SELECT DATABASE() as db'
+      end
+
+      # Returns the database character set.
+      def charset
+        show_variable 'character_set_database'
+      end
+
+      # Returns the database collation strategy.
+      def collation
+        show_variable 'collation_database'
+      end
+
+      def tables(name = nil, database = nil, like = nil) #:nodoc:
+        sql = "SHOW TABLES "
+        sql << "IN #{quote_table_name(database)} " if database
+        sql << "LIKE #{quote(like)}" if like
+
+        execute_and_free(sql, 'SCHEMA') do |result|
+          result.collect { |field| field.first }
+        end
+      end
+
+      def truncate(table_name, name = nil)
+        execute "TRUNCATE TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)}", name
+      end
+
+      def table_exists?(name)
+        return false unless name.present?
+        return true if tables(nil, nil, name).any?
+
+        name          = name.to_s
+        schema, table = name.split('.', 2)
+
+        unless table # A table was provided without a schema
+          table  = schema
+          schema = nil
+        end
+
+        tables(nil, schema, table).any?
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of indexes for the given table.
+      def indexes(table_name, name = nil) #:nodoc:
+        indexes = []
+        current_index = nil
+        execute_and_free("SHOW KEYS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}", 'SCHEMA') do |result|
+          each_hash(result) do |row|
+            if current_index != row[:Key_name]
+              next if row[:Key_name] == 'PRIMARY' # skip the primary key
+              current_index = row[:Key_name]
+
+              mysql_index_type = row[:Index_type].downcase.to_sym
+              index_type  = INDEX_TYPES.include?(mysql_index_type)  ? mysql_index_type : nil
+              index_using = INDEX_USINGS.include?(mysql_index_type) ? mysql_index_type : nil
+              indexes << IndexDefinition.new(row[:Table], row[:Key_name], row[:Non_unique].to_i == 0, [], [], nil, nil, index_type, index_using)
+            end
+
+            indexes.last.columns << row[:Column_name]
+            indexes.last.lengths << row[:Sub_part]
+          end
+        end
+
+        indexes
+      end
+
+      # Returns an array of +Column+ objects for the table specified by +table_name+.
+      def columns(table_name)#:nodoc:
+        sql = "SHOW FULL FIELDS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)}"
+        execute_and_free(sql, 'SCHEMA') do |result|
+          each_hash(result).map do |field|
+            field_name = set_field_encoding(field[:Field])
+            sql_type = field[:Type]
+            cast_type = lookup_cast_type(sql_type)
+            new_column(field_name, field[:Default], cast_type, sql_type, field[:Null] == "YES", field[:Collation], field[:Extra])
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      def create_table(table_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        super(table_name, options.reverse_merge(:options => "ENGINE=InnoDB"))
+      end
+
+      def bulk_change_table(table_name, operations) #:nodoc:
+        sqls = operations.flat_map do |command, args|
+          table, arguments = args.shift, args
+          method = :"#{command}_sql"
+
+          if respond_to?(method, true)
+            send(method, table, *arguments)
+          else
+            raise "Unknown method called : #{method}(#{arguments.inspect})"
+          end
+        end.join(", ")
+
+        execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{sqls}")
+      end
+
+      # Renames a table.
+      #
+      # Example:
+      #   rename_table('octopuses', 'octopi')
+      def rename_table(table_name, new_name)
+        execute "RENAME TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
+        rename_table_indexes(table_name, new_name)
+      end
+
+      def drop_table(table_name, options = {})
+        execute "DROP#{' TEMPORARY' if options[:temporary]} TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)}#{' CASCADE' if options[:force] == :cascade}"
+      end
+
+      def rename_index(table_name, old_name, new_name)
+        if supports_rename_index?
+          execute "ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} RENAME INDEX #{quote_table_name(old_name)} TO #{quote_table_name(new_name)}"
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def change_column_default(table_name, column_name, default) #:nodoc:
+        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+        change_column table_name, column_name, column.sql_type, :default => default
+      end
+
+      def change_column_null(table_name, column_name, null, default = nil)
+        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+
+        unless null || default.nil?
+          execute("UPDATE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} SET #{quote_column_name(column_name)}=#{quote(default)} WHERE #{quote_column_name(column_name)} IS NULL")
+        end
+
+        change_column table_name, column_name, column.sql_type, :null => null
+      end
+
+      def change_column(table_name, column_name, type, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{change_column_sql(table_name, column_name, type, options)}")
+      end
+
+      def rename_column(table_name, column_name, new_column_name) #:nodoc:
+        execute("ALTER TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)} #{rename_column_sql(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)}")
+        rename_column_indexes(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
+      end
+
+      def add_index(table_name, column_name, options = {}) #:nodoc:
+        index_name, index_type, index_columns, index_options, index_algorithm, index_using = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
+        execute "CREATE #{index_type} INDEX #{quote_column_name(index_name)} #{index_using} ON #{quote_table_name(table_name)} (#{index_columns})#{index_options} #{index_algorithm}"
+      end
+
+      def foreign_keys(table_name)
+        fk_info = select_all <<-SQL.strip_heredoc
+          SELECT fk.referenced_table_name as 'to_table'
+                ,fk.referenced_column_name as 'primary_key'
+                ,fk.column_name as 'column'
+                ,fk.constraint_name as 'name'
+          FROM information_schema.key_column_usage fk
+          WHERE fk.referenced_column_name is not null
+            AND fk.table_schema = '#{@config[:database]}'
+            AND fk.table_name = '#{table_name}'
+        SQL
+
+        create_table_info = select_one("SHOW CREATE TABLE #{quote_table_name(table_name)}")["Create Table"]
+
+        fk_info.map do |row|
+          options = {
+            column: row['column'],
+            name: row['name'],
+            primary_key: row['primary_key']
+          }
+
+          options[:on_update] = extract_foreign_key_action(create_table_info, row['name'], "UPDATE")
+          options[:on_delete] = extract_foreign_key_action(create_table_info, row['name'], "DELETE")
+
+          ForeignKeyDefinition.new(table_name, row['to_table'], options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Maps logical Rails types to MySQL-specific data types.
+      def type_to_sql(type, limit = nil, precision = nil, scale = nil)
+        case type.to_s
+        when 'binary'
+          case limit
+          when 0..0xfff;           "varbinary(#{limit})"
+          when nil;                "blob"
+          when 0x1000..0xffffffff; "blob(#{limit})"
+          else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No binary type has character length #{limit}")
+          end
+        when 'integer'
+          case limit
+          when 1; 'tinyint'
+          when 2; 'smallint'
+          when 3; 'mediumint'
+          when nil, 4, 11; 'int(11)'  # compatibility with MySQL default
+          when 5..8; 'bigint'
+          else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No integer type has byte size #{limit}")
+          end
+        when 'text'
+          case limit
+          when 0..0xff;               'tinytext'
+          when nil, 0x100..0xffff;    'text'
+          when 0x10000..0xffffff;     'mediumtext'
+          when 0x1000000..0xffffffff; 'longtext'
+          else raise(ActiveRecordError, "No text type has character length #{limit}")
+          end
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      # SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'name'
+      def show_variable(name)
+        variables = select_all("SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '#{name}'", 'SCHEMA')
+        variables.first['Value'] unless variables.empty?
+      end
+
+      # Returns a table's primary key and belonging sequence.
+      def pk_and_sequence_for(table)
+        execute_and_free("SHOW CREATE TABLE #{quote_table_name(table)}", 'SCHEMA') do |result|
+          create_table = each_hash(result).first[:"Create Table"]
+          if create_table.to_s =~ /PRIMARY KEY\s+(?:USING\s+\w+\s+)?\((.+)\)/
+            keys = $1.split(",").map { |key| key.delete('`"') }
+            keys.length == 1 ? [keys.first, nil] : nil
+          else
+            nil
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # Returns just a table's primary key
+      def primary_key(table)
+        pk_and_sequence = pk_and_sequence_for(table)
+        pk_and_sequence && pk_and_sequence.first
+      end
+
+      def case_sensitive_modifier(node, table_attribute)
+        node = Arel::Nodes.build_quoted node, table_attribute
+        Arel::Nodes::Bin.new(node)
+      end
+
+      def case_sensitive_comparison(table, attribute, column, value)
+        if column.case_sensitive?
+          table[attribute].eq(value)
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def case_insensitive_comparison(table, attribute, column, value)
+        if column.case_sensitive?
+          super
+        else
+          table[attribute].eq(value)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def strict_mode?
+        self.class.type_cast_config_to_boolean(@config.fetch(:strict, true))
+      end
+
+      def valid_type?(type)
+        !native_database_types[type].nil?
+      end
+
+      protected
+
+      def initialize_type_map(m) # :nodoc:
+        super
+
+        register_class_with_limit m, %r(char)i, MysqlString
+
+        m.register_type %r(tinytext)i,   Type::Text.new(limit: 2**8 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(tinyblob)i,   Type::Binary.new(limit: 2**8 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(text)i,       Type::Text.new(limit: 2**16 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(blob)i,       Type::Binary.new(limit: 2**16 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(mediumtext)i, Type::Text.new(limit: 2**24 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(mediumblob)i, Type::Binary.new(limit: 2**24 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(longtext)i,   Type::Text.new(limit: 2**32 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(longblob)i,   Type::Binary.new(limit: 2**32 - 1)
+        m.register_type %r(^float)i,     Type::Float.new(limit: 24)
+        m.register_type %r(^double)i,    Type::Float.new(limit: 53)
+
+        register_integer_type m, %r(^bigint)i,    limit: 8
+        register_integer_type m, %r(^int)i,       limit: 4
+        register_integer_type m, %r(^mediumint)i, limit: 3
+        register_integer_type m, %r(^smallint)i,  limit: 2
+        register_integer_type m, %r(^tinyint)i,   limit: 1
+
+        m.alias_type %r(tinyint\(1\))i,  'boolean' if emulate_booleans
+        m.alias_type %r(set)i,           'varchar'
+        m.alias_type %r(year)i,          'integer'
+        m.alias_type %r(bit)i,           'binary'
+
+        m.register_type(%r(enum)i) do |sql_type|
+          limit = sql_type[/^enum\((.+)\)/i, 1]
+            .split(',').map{|enum| enum.strip.length - 2}.max
+          MysqlString.new(limit: limit)
+        end
+      end
+
+      def register_integer_type(mapping, key, options) # :nodoc:
+        mapping.register_type(key) do |sql_type|
+          if /unsigned/i =~ sql_type
+            Type::UnsignedInteger.new(options)
+          else
+            Type::Integer.new(options)
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      # MySQL is too stupid to create a temporary table for use subquery, so we have
+      # to give it some prompting in the form of a subsubquery. Ugh!
+      def subquery_for(key, select)
+        subsubselect = select.clone
+        subsubselect.projections = [key]
+
+        subselect = Arel::SelectManager.new(select.engine)
+        subselect.project Arel.sql(key.name)
+        subselect.from subsubselect.as('__active_record_temp')
+      end
+
+      def add_index_length(option_strings, column_names, options = {})
+        if options.is_a?(Hash) && length = options[:length]
+          case length
+          when Hash
+            column_names.each {|name| option_strings[name] += "(#{length[name]})" if length.has_key?(name) && length[name].present?}
+          when Fixnum
+            column_names.each {|name| option_strings[name] += "(#{length})"}
+          end
+        end
+
+        return option_strings
+      end
+
+      def quoted_columns_for_index(column_names, options = {})
+        option_strings = Hash[column_names.map {|name| [name, '']}]
+
+        # add index length
+        option_strings = add_index_length(option_strings, column_names, options)
+
+        # add index sort order
+        option_strings = add_index_sort_order(option_strings, column_names, options)
+
+        column_names.map {|name| quote_column_name(name) + option_strings[name]}
+      end
+
+      def translate_exception(exception, message)
+        case error_number(exception)
+        when 1062
+          RecordNotUnique.new(message, exception)
+        when 1452
+          InvalidForeignKey.new(message, exception)
+        else
+          super
+        end
+      end
+
+      def add_column_sql(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+        td = create_table_definition table_name, options[:temporary], options[:options]
+        cd = td.new_column_definition(column_name, type, options)
+        schema_creation.visit_AddColumn cd
+      end
+
+      def change_column_sql(table_name, column_name, type, options = {})
+        column = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+
+        unless options_include_default?(options)
+          options[:default] = column.default
+        end
+
+        unless options.has_key?(:null)
+          options[:null] = column.null
+        end
+
+        options[:name] = column.name
+        schema_creation.accept ChangeColumnDefinition.new column, type, options
+      end
+
+      def rename_column_sql(table_name, column_name, new_column_name)
+        column  = column_for(table_name, column_name)
+        options = {
+          name: new_column_name,
+          default: column.default,
+          null: column.null,
+          auto_increment: column.extra == "auto_increment"
+        }
+
+        current_type = select_one("SHOW COLUMNS FROM #{quote_table_name(table_name)} LIKE '#{column_name}'", 'SCHEMA')["Type"]
+        schema_creation.accept ChangeColumnDefinition.new column, current_type, options
+      end
+
+      def remove_column_sql(table_name, column_name, type = nil, options = {})
+        "DROP #{quote_column_name(column_name)}"
+      end
+
+      def remove_columns_sql(table_name, *column_names)
+        column_names.map {|column_name| remove_column_sql(table_name, column_name) }
+      end
+
+      def add_index_sql(table_name, column_name, options = {})
+        index_name, index_type, index_columns = add_index_options(table_name, column_name, options)
+        "ADD #{index_type} INDEX #{index_name} (#{index_columns})"
+      end
+
+      def remove_index_sql(table_name, options = {})
+        index_name = index_name_for_remove(table_name, options)
+        "DROP INDEX #{index_name}"
+      end
+
+      def add_timestamps_sql(table_name, options = {})
+        [add_column_sql(table_name, :created_at, :datetime, options), add_column_sql(table_name, :updated_at, :datetime, options)]
+      end
+
+      def remove_timestamps_sql(table_name, options = {})
+        [remove_column_sql(table_name, :updated_at), remove_column_sql(table_name, :created_at)]
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def version
+        @version ||= full_version.scan(/^(\d+)\.(\d+)\.(\d+)/).flatten.map { |v| v.to_i }
+      end
+
+      def mariadb?
+        full_version =~ /mariadb/i
+      end
+
+      def supports_rename_index?
+        mariadb? ? false : (version[0] == 5 && version[1] >= 7) || version[0] >= 6
+      end
+
+      def configure_connection
+        variables = @config.fetch(:variables, {}).stringify_keys
+
+        # By default, MySQL 'where id is null' selects the last inserted id.
+        # Turn this off. http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/6778
+        variables['sql_auto_is_null'] = 0
+
+        # Increase timeout so the server doesn't disconnect us.
+        wait_timeout = @config[:wait_timeout]
+        wait_timeout = 2147483 unless wait_timeout.is_a?(Fixnum)
+        variables['wait_timeout'] = self.class.type_cast_config_to_integer(wait_timeout)
+
+        # Make MySQL reject illegal values rather than truncating or blanking them, see
+        # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/server-sql-mode.html#sqlmode_strict_all_tables
+        # If the user has provided another value for sql_mode, don't replace it.
+        unless variables.has_key?('sql_mode')
+          variables['sql_mode'] = strict_mode? ? 'STRICT_ALL_TABLES' : ''
+        end
+
+        # NAMES does not have an equals sign, see
+        # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/set-statement.html#id944430
+        # (trailing comma because variable_assignments will always have content)
+        if @config[:encoding]
+          encoding = "NAMES #{@config[:encoding]}"
+          encoding << " COLLATE #{@config[:collation]}" if @config[:collation]
+          encoding << ", "
+        end
+
+        # Gather up all of the SET variables...
+        variable_assignments = variables.map do |k, v|
+          if v == ':default' || v == :default
+            "@@SESSION.#{k} = DEFAULT" # Sets the value to the global or compile default
+          elsif !v.nil?
+            "@@SESSION.#{k} = #{quote(v)}"
+          end
+          # or else nil; compact to clear nils out
+        end.compact.join(', ')
+
+        # ...and send them all in one query
+        @connection.query  "SET #{encoding} #{variable_assignments}"
+      end
+
+      def extract_foreign_key_action(structure, name, action) # :nodoc:
+        if structure =~ /CONSTRAINT #{quote_column_name(name)} FOREIGN KEY .* REFERENCES .* ON #{action} (CASCADE|SET NULL|RESTRICT)/
+          case $1
+          when 'CASCADE'; :cascade
+          when 'SET NULL'; :nullify
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      class MysqlString < Type::String # :nodoc:
+        def type_cast_for_database(value)
+          case value
+          when true then "1"
+          when false then "0"
+          else super
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def cast_value(value)
+          case value
+          when true then "1"
+          when false then "0"
+          else super
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end