activerecord 4.2.0 → 6.1.7.1

data/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,1372 +1,1797 @@
-*   Introduce `force: :cascade` option for `create_table`. Using this option
-    will recreate tables even if they have dependent objects (like foreign keys).
-    `db/schema.rb` now uses `force: :cascade`. This makes it possible to
-    reload the schema when foreign keys are in place.
+## Rails 6.1.7.1 (January 17, 2023) ##
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Make sanitize_as_sql_comment more strict
 
-*   `db:schema:load` and `db:structure:load` no longer purge the database
-    before loading the schema. This is left for the user to do.
-    `db:test:prepare` will still purge the database.
+    Though this method was likely never meant to take user input, it was
+    attempting sanitization. That sanitization could be bypassed with
+    carefully crafted input.
 
-    Closes #17945.
+    This commit makes the sanitization more robust by replacing any
+    occurrances of "/*" or "*/" with "/ *" or "* /". It also performs a
+    first pass to remove one surrounding comment to avoid compatibility
+    issues for users relying on the existing removal.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    This also clarifies in the documentation of annotate that it should not
+    be provided user input.
 
-*   Fix undesirable RangeError by Type::Integer. Add Type::UnsignedInteger.
+    [CVE-2023-22794]
 
-    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+*   Added integer width check to PostgreSQL::Quoting
 
-*   Add `foreign_type` option to `has_one` and `has_many` association macros.
+    Given a value outside the range for a 64bit signed integer type
+    PostgreSQL will treat the column type as numeric. Comparing
+    integer values against numeric values can result in a slow
+    sequential scan.
 
-    This option enables to define the column name of associated object's type for polymorphic associations.
+    This behavior is configurable via
+    ActiveRecord::Base.raise_int_wider_than_64bit which defaults to true.
 
-    *Ulisses Almeida, Kassio Borges*
+    [CVE-2022-44566]
 
-*   `add_timestamps` and `remove_timestamps` now properly reversible with
-    options.
+## Rails 6.1.7 (September 09, 2022) ##
 
-    *Noam Gagliardi-Rabinovich*
+*   Symbol is allowed by default for YAML columns
 
-*   Bring back `db:test:prepare` to synchronize the test database schema.
+    *Étienne Barrié*
 
-    Manual synchronization using `bin/rake db:test:prepare` is required
-    when a migration is rolled-back, edited and reapplied.
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::Store` to serialize as a regular Hash
 
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.maintain_test_schema` now uses `db:test:prepare`
-    to synchronize the schema. Plugins can use this task as a hook to
-    provide custom behavior after the schema has been loaded.
+    Previously it would serialize as an `ActiveSupport::HashWithIndifferentAccess`
+    which is wasteful and cause problem with YAML safe_load.
 
-    NOTE: `test:prepare` runs before the schema is synchronized.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    Fixes #17171, #15787.
+*   Fix PG.connect keyword arguments deprecation warning on ruby 2.7
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #44307.
 
-*   Change `reflections` public api to return the keys as String objects.
+    *Nikita Vasilevsky*
 
-    Fixes #16928.
+## Rails 6.1.6.1 (July 12, 2022) ##
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Change ActiveRecord::Coders::YAMLColumn default to safe_load
 
-*   Renaming a table in pg also renames the primary key index.
+    This adds two new configuration options The configuration options are as
+    follows:
+    
+    * `config.active_storage.use_yaml_unsafe_load`
+    
+    When set to true, this configuration option tells Rails to use the old
+    "unsafe" YAML loading strategy, maintaining the existing behavior but leaving
+    the possible escalation vulnerability in place.  Setting this option to true
+    is *not* recommended, but can aid in upgrading.
+    
+    * `config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes`
+    
+    The "safe YAML" loading method does not allow all classes to be deserialized
+    by default.  This option allows you to specify classes deemed "safe" in your
+    application.  For example, if your application uses Symbol and Time in
+    serialized data, you can add Symbol and Time to the allowed list as follows:
+    
+    ```
+    config.active_record.yaml_column_permitted_classes = [Symbol, Date, Time]
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #12856
+    [CVE-2022-32224]
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   Make it possible to access fixtures excluded by a `default_scope`.
+## Rails 6.1.6 (May 09, 2022) ##
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Fix preloading of associations with a scope containing joins along with
-    conditions on the joined association.
 
-    *Siddharth Sharma*
+## Rails 6.1.5.1 (April 26, 2022) ##
 
-*   Add `Table#name` to match `TableDefinition#name`.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Cody Cutrer*
 
-*   Cache `CollectionAssociation#reader` proxies separately before and after
-    the owner has been saved so that the proxy is not cached without the
-    owner's id.
+## Rails 6.1.5 (March 09, 2022) ##
 
-    *Ben Woosley*
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` for Ruby 2.6.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyRecord` now has a descriptive message.
+    Ruby 2.6 and 2.7 have slightly different implementations of the `String#-@` method.
+    In Ruby 2.6, the receiver of the `String#-@` method is modified under certain circumstances.
+    This was later identified as a bug (https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/15926) and only
+    fixed in Ruby 2.7.
 
-    *Franky W.*
+    Before the changes in this commit, the
+    `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SchemaCache#deep_deduplicate` method, which internally
+    calls the `String#-@` method, could also modify an input string argument in Ruby 2.6 --
+    changing a tainted, unfrozen string into a tainted, frozen string.
 
-*   Fix preloading of associations which unscope a default scope.
+    Fixes #43056
 
-    Fixes #11036.
+    *Eric O'Hanlon*
 
-    *Byron Bischoff*
+*   Fix migration compatibility to create SQLite references/belongs_to column as integer when
+    migration version is 6.0.
 
-*   Added SchemaDumper support for tables with jsonb columns.
+    `reference`/`belongs_to` in migrations with version 6.0 were creating columns as
+    bigint instead of integer for the SQLite Adapter.
 
-    *Ted O'Meara*
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-*   Deprecate `sanitize_sql_hash_for_conditions` without replacement. Using a
-    `Relation` for performing queries and updates is the prefered API.
+*   Fix dbconsole for 3-tier config.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Queries now properly type cast values that are part of a join statement,
-    even when using type decorators such as `serialize`.
+*   Better handle SQL queries with invalid encoding.
 
-    *Melanie Gilman & Sean Griffin*
+    ```ruby
+    Post.create(name: "broken \xC8 UTF-8")
+    ```
 
-*   MySQL enum type lookups, with values matching another type, no longer result
-    in an endless loop.
+    Would cause all adapters to fail in a non controlled way in the code
+    responsible to detect write queries.
 
-    Fixes #17402.
+    The query is now properly passed to the database connection, which might or might
+    not be able to handle it, but will either succeed or failed in a more correct way.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Raise `ArgumentError` when the body of a scope is not callable.
+*   Ignore persisted in-memory records when merging target lists.
 
-    *Mauro George*
+    *Kevin Sjöberg*
 
-*   Use type column first in multi-column indexes created with `add-reference`.
+*   Fix regression bug that caused ignoring additional conditions for preloading
+    `has_many` through relations.
 
-    *Derek Prior*
+    Fixes #43132
 
-*   Fix `Relation.rewhere` to work with Range values.
+    *Alexander Pauly*
 
-    *Dan Olson*
+*   Fix `ActiveRecord::InternalMetadata` to not be broken by
+    `config.active_record.record_timestamps = false`
 
-*   `AR::UnknownAttributeError` now includes the class name of a record.
+    Since the model always create the timestamp columns, it has to set them, otherwise it breaks
+    various DB management tasks.
 
-        User.new(name: "Yuki Nishijima", project_attributes: {name: "kaminari"})
-        # => ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute 'name' for User.
+    Fixes #42983
 
-    *Yuki Nishijima*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Fix a regression causing `after_create` callbacks to run before associated
-    records are autosaved.
+*   Fix duplicate active record objects on `inverse_of`.
 
-    Fixes #17209.
+    *Justin Carvalho*
 
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+*   Fix duplicate objects stored in has many association after save.
 
-*   Honor overridden `rack.test` in Rack environment for the connection
-    management middleware.
+    Fixes #42549.
 
-    *Simon Eskildsen*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-*   Add a truncate method to the connection.
+*   Fix performance regression in `CollectionAssocation#build`.
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+
+*   Fix retrieving default value for text column for MariaDB.
+
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Don't autosave unchanged has_one through records.
 
-    *Alan Kennedy*, *Steve Parrington*
+## Rails 6.1.4.7 (March 08, 2022) ##
 
-*   Do not dump foreign keys for ignored tables.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter correctly dumps foreign keys targeting tables
-    outside the schema search path.
+## Rails 6.1.4.6 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    Fixes #16907.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
 
-*   When a thread is killed, rollback the active transaction, instead of
-    committing it during the stack unwind. Previously, we could commit half-
-    completed work. This fix only works for Ruby 2.0+; on 1.9, we can't
-    distinguish a thread kill from an ordinary non-local (block) return, so must
-    default to committing.
+## Rails 6.1.4.5 (February 11, 2022) ##
 
-    *Chris Hanks*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   A `NullRelation` should represent nothing. This fixes a bug where
-    `Comment.where(post_id: Post.none)` returned a non-empty result.
 
-    Fixes #15176.
+## Rails 6.1.4.4 (December 15, 2021) ##
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Include default column limits in schema.rb. Allows defaults to be changed
-    in the future without affecting old migrations that assumed old defaults.
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+## Rails 6.1.4.3 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-*   MySQL: schema.rb now includes TEXT and BLOB column limits.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
 
-*   MySQL: correct LONGTEXT and LONGBLOB limits from 2GB to their true 4GB.
+## Rails 6.1.4.2 (December 14, 2021) ##
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   SQLite3Adapter now checks for views in `table_exists?`. Fixes #14041.
 
-    *Girish Sonawane*
+## Rails 6.1.4.1 (August 19, 2021) ##
 
-*   Introduce `connection.supports_views?` to check whether the current adapter
-    has support for SQL views. Connection adapters should define this method.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
 
-*   Allow included modules to override association methods.
+## Rails 6.1.4 (June 24, 2021) ##
 
-    Fixes #16684.
+*   Do not try to rollback transactions that failed due to a `ActiveRecord::TransactionRollbackError`.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Jamie McCarthy*
 
-*   Schema loading rake tasks (like `db:schema:load` and `db:setup`) maintain
-    the database connection to the current environment.
+*   Raise an error if `pool_config` is `nil` in `set_pool_config`.
 
-    Fixes #16757.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Joshua Cody*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Fix compatibility with `psych >= 4`.
 
-*   MySQL: set the connection collation along with the charset.
+    Starting in Psych 4.0.0 `YAML.load` behaves like `YAML.safe_load`. To preserve compatibility
+    Active Record's schema cache loader and `YAMLColumn` now uses `YAML.unsafe_load` if available.
 
-    Sets the connection collation to the database collation configured in
-    database.yml. Otherwise, `SET NAMES utf8mb4` will use the default
-    collation for that charset (utf8mb4_general_ci) when you may have chosen
-    a different collation, like utf8mb4_unicode_ci.
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-    This only applies to literal string comparisons, not column values, so it
-    is unlikely to affect you.
+*   Support using replicas when using `rails dbconsole`.
 
-    *Jeremy Kemper*
+    *Christopher Thornton*
 
-*   `default_sequence_name` from the PostgreSQL adapter returns a `String`.
+*   Restore connection pools after transactional tests.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Fix a regression where whitespaces were stripped from DISTINCT queries in
-    PostgreSQL.
+*   Change `upsert_all` to fails cleanly for MySQL when `:unique_by` is used.
 
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+    *Bastian Bartmann*
 
-    Fixes #16623.
+*   Fix user-defined `self.default_scope` to respect table alias.
 
-*   Fix has_many :through relation merging failing when dynamic conditions are
-    passed as a lambda with an arity of one.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #16128.
+*   Clear `@cache_keys` cache after `update_all`, `delete_all`, `destroy_all`.
 
-    *Agis Anastasopoulos*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix `Relation#exists?` to work with polymorphic associations.
+*   Changed Arel predications `contains` and `overlaps` to use
+    `quoted_node` so that PostgreSQL arrays are quoted properly.
 
-    Fixes #15821.
+    *Bradley Priest*
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+*   Fix `merge` when the `where` clauses have string contents.
 
-*   Currently, Active Record rescues any errors raised within
-    `after_rollback`/`after_create` callbacks and prints them to the logs.
-    Future versions of Rails will not rescue these errors anymore and
-    just bubble them up like the other callbacks.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    This commit adds an opt-in flag to enable not rescuing the errors.
+*   Fix rollback of parent destruction with nested `dependent: :destroy`.
 
-    Example:
+    *Jacopo Beschi*
 
-        # Do not swallow errors in after_commit/after_rollback callbacks.
-        config.active_record.raise_in_transactional_callbacks = true
+*   Fix binds logging for `"WHERE ... IN ..."` statements.
 
-    Fixes #13460.
+    *Ricardo Díaz*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Handle `false` in relation strict loading checks.
 
-*   Fix an issue where custom accessor methods (such as those generated by
-    `enum`) with the same name as a global method are incorrectly overridden
-    when subclassing.
+    Previously when a model had strict loading set to true and then had a
+    relation set `strict_loading` to false the false wasn't considered when
+    deciding whether to raise/warn about strict loading.
 
-    Fixes #16288.
+    ```
+    class Dog < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+      has_many :treats, strict_loading: false
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   `*_was` and `changes` now work correctly for in-place attribute changes as
-    well.
+    In the example, `dog.treats` would still raise even though
+    `strict_loading` was set to false. This is a bug affecting more than
+    Active Storage which is why I made this PR superseding #41461. We need
+    to fix this for all applications since the behavior is a little
+    surprising. I took the test from #41461 and the code suggestion from #41453
+    with some additions.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Radamés Roriz*
 
-*   Fix regression on `after_commit` that did not fire with nested transactions.
+*   Fix numericality validator without precision.
 
-    Fixes #16425.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Fix aggregate attribute on Enum types.
 
-*   Do not try to write timestamps when a table has no timestamps columns.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #8813.
+*   Fix `CREATE INDEX` statement generation for PostgreSQL.
 
-    *Sergey Potapov*
+    *eltongo*
 
-*   `index_exists?` with `:name` option does verify specified columns.
+*   Fix where clause on enum attribute when providing array of strings.
 
-    Example:
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        add_index :articles, :title, name: "idx_title"
+*   Fix `unprepared_statement` to work it when nesting.
 
-        # Before:
-        index_exists? :articles, :title, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
-        index_exists? :articles, :body, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        # After:
-        index_exists? :articles, :title, name: "idx_title" # => `true`
-        index_exists? :articles, :body, name: "idx_title" # => `false`
 
-    *Yves Senn*, *Matthew Draper*
+## Rails 6.1.3.2 (May 05, 2021) ##
 
-*   `add_timestamps` and `t.timestamps` now require you to pass the `:null` option.
-    Not passing the option is deprecated but the default is still `null: true`.
-    With Rails 5 this will change to `null: false`.
+*   No changes.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
 
-*   When calling `update_columns` on a record that is not persisted, the error
-    message now reflects whether that object is a new record or has been
-    destroyed.
+## Rails 6.1.3.1 (March 26, 2021) ##
 
-    *Lachlan Sylvester*
+*   No changes.
 
-*   Define `id_was` to get the previous value of the primary key.
 
-    Currently when we call `id_was` and we have a custom primary key name,
-    Active Record will return the current value of the primary key. This
-    makes it impossible to correctly do an update operation if you change the
-    id.
+## Rails 6.1.3 (February 17, 2021) ##
 
-    Fixes #16413.
+*   Fix the MySQL adapter to always set the right collation and charset
+    to the connection session.
 
     *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Deprecate `DatabaseTasks.load_schema` to act on the current connection.
-    Use `.load_schema_current` instead. In the future `load_schema` will
-    require the `configuration` to act on as an argument.
+*   Fix MySQL adapter handling of time objects when prepared statements
+    are enabled.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   Fix automatic maintaining test schema to properly handle sql structure
-    schema format.
+*   Fix scoping in enum fields using conditions that would generate
+    an `IN` clause.
 
-    Fixes #15394.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Wojciech Wnętrzak*
+*   Skip optimised #exist? query when #include? is called on a relation
+    with a having clause
 
-*   Fix type casting to Decimal from Float with large precision.
+    Relations that have aliased select values AND a having clause that
+    references an aliased select value would generate an error when
+    #include? was called, due to an optimisation that would generate
+    call #exists? on the relation instead, which effectively alters
+    the select values of the query (and thus removes the aliased select
+    values), but leaves the having clause intact. Because the having
+    clause is then referencing an aliased column that is no longer
+    present in the simplified query, an ActiveRecord::InvalidStatement
+    error was raised.
 
-    *Tomohiro Hashidate*
+    An sample query affected by this problem:
 
-*   Deprecate `Reflection#source_macro`
+    ```ruby
+    Author.select('COUNT(*) as total_posts', 'authors.*')
+          .joins(:posts)
+          .group(:id)
+          .having('total_posts > 2')
+          .include?(Author.first)
+    ```
 
-    `Reflection#source_macro` is no longer needed in Active Record
-    source so it has been deprecated. Code that used `source_macro`
-    was removed in #16353.
+    This change adds an addition check to the condition that skips the
+    simplified #exists? query, which simply checks for the presence of
+    a having clause.
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchtitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
+    Fixes #41417
 
-*   No verbose backtrace by `db:drop` when database does not exist.
+    *Michael Smart*
 
-    Fixes #16295.
+*   Increment postgres prepared statement counter before making a prepared statement, so if the statement is aborted
+    without Rails knowledge (e.g., if app gets kill -9d during long-running query or due to Rack::Timeout), app won't end
+    up in perpetual crash state for being inconsistent with Postgres.
 
-    *Kenn Ejima*
+    *wbharding*, *Martin Tepper*
 
-*   Add support for PostgreSQL JSONB.
 
-    Example:
+## Rails 6.1.2.1 (February 10, 2021) ##
 
-        create_table :posts do |t|
-          t.jsonb :meta_data
-        end
+*   Fix possible DoS vector in PostgreSQL money type
 
-    *Philippe Creux*, *Chris Teague*
+    Carefully crafted input can cause a DoS via the regular expressions used
+    for validating the money format in the PostgreSQL adapter.  This patch
+    fixes the regexp.
 
-*   `db:purge` with MySQL respects `Rails.env`.
+    Thanks to @dee-see from Hackerone for this patch!
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    [CVE-2021-22880]
 
-*   `change_column_default :table, :column, nil` with PostgreSQL will issue a
-    `DROP DEFAULT` instead of a `DEFAULT NULL` query.
+    *Aaron Patterson*
 
-    Fixes #16261.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+## Rails 6.1.2 (February 09, 2021) ##
 
-*   Allow to specify a type for the foreign key column in `references`
-    and `add_reference`.
+*   Fix timestamp type for sqlite3.
 
-    Example:
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-        change_table :vehicle do |t|
-          t.references :station, type: :uuid
-        end
+*   Make destroy async transactional.
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*, *Łukasz Sarnacki*
+    An active record rollback could occur while enqueuing a job. In this
+    case the job would enqueue even though the database deletion
+    rolledback putting things in a funky state.
 
-*   `create_join_table` removes a common prefix when generating the join table.
-    This matches the existing behavior of HABTM associations.
+    Now the jobs are only enqueued until after the db transaction has been committed.
 
-    Fixes #13683.
+    *Cory Gwin*
 
-    *Stefan Kanev*
+*   Fix malformed packet error in MySQL statement for connection configuration.
 
-*   Do not swallow errors on `compute_type` when having a bad `alias_method` on
-    a class.
+    *robinroestenburg*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Connection specification now passes the "url" key as a configuration for the
+    adapter if the "url" protocol is "jdbc", "http", or "https". Previously only
+    urls with the "jdbc" prefix were passed to the Active Record Adapter, others
+    are assumed to be adapter specification urls.
 
-*   PostgreSQL invalid `uuid` are convert to nil.
+    Fixes #41137.
 
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
+    *Jonathan Bracy*
 
-*   Restore 4.0 behavior for using serialize attributes with `JSON` as coder.
+*   Fix granular connection swapping when there are multiple abstract classes.
 
-    With 4.1.x, `serialize` started returning a string when `JSON` was passed as
-    the second attribute. It will now return a hash as per previous versions.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Example:
+*   Fix `find_by` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
-        class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
-          serialize :comment, JSON
-        end
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        class Comment
-          include ActiveModel::Model
-          attr_accessor :category, :text
-        end
+*   Add support for `rails console --sandbox` for multiple database applications.
 
-        post = Post.create!
-        post.comment = Comment.new(category: "Animals", text: "This is a comment about squirrels.")
-        post.save!
+    *alpaca-tc*
 
-        # 4.0
-        post.comment # => {"category"=>"Animals", "text"=>"This is a comment about squirrels."}
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with empty array.
 
-        # 4.1 before
-        post.comment # => "#<Comment:0x007f80ab48ff98>"
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        # 4.1 after
-        post.comment # => {"category"=>"Animals", "text"=>"This is a comment about squirrels."}
+*   Fix preventing writes for `ApplicationRecord`.
 
-    When using `JSON` as the coder in `serialize`, Active Record will use the
-    new `ActiveRecord::Coders::JSON` coder which delegates its `dump/load` to
-    `ActiveSupport::JSON.encode/decode`. This ensures special objects are dumped
-    correctly using the `#as_json` hook.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    To keep the previous behaviour, supply a custom coder instead
-    ([example](https://gist.github.com/jenncoop/8c4142bbe59da77daa63)).
 
-    Fixes #15594.
+## Rails 6.1.1 (January 07, 2021) ##
 
-    *Jenn Cooper*
+*   Fix fixtures loading when strict loading is enabled for the association.
 
-*   Do not use `RENAME INDEX` syntax for MariaDB 10.0.
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
 
-    Fixes #15931.
+*   Fix `where` with custom primary key for belongs_to association.
 
-    *Jeff Browning*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Calling `#empty?` on a `has_many` association would use the value from the
-    counter cache if one exists.
+*   Fix `where` with aliased associations.
 
-    *David Verhasselt*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix the schema dump generated for tables without constraints and with
-    primary key with default value of custom PostgreSQL function result.
+*   Fix `composed_of` with symbol mapping.
 
-    Fixes #16111.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Andrey Novikov*
+*   Don't skip money's type cast for pluck and calculations.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Fix `where` on polymorphic association with non Active Record object.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Make sure `db:prepare` works even the schema file doesn't exist.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Fix complicated `has_many :through` with nested where condition.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Handle STI models for `has_many dependent: :destroy_async`.
+
+    *Muhammad Usman*
+
+*   Restore possibility of passing `false` to :polymorphic option of `belongs_to`.
+
+    Previously, passing `false` would trigger the option validation logic
+    to throw an error saying :polymorphic would not be a valid option.
+
+    *glaszig*
+
+*   Allow adding nonnamed expression indexes to be revertible.
+
+    Fixes #40732.
+
+    Previously, the following code would raise an error, when executed while rolling back,
+    and the index name should be specified explicitly. Now, the index name is inferred
+    automatically.
+
+    ```ruby
+    add_index(:items, "to_tsvector('english', description)")
+    ```
+
+    *fatkodima*
+
+
+## Rails 6.1.0 (December 09, 2020) ##
+
+*   Only warn about negative enums if a positive form that would cause conflicts exists.
+
+    Fixes #39065.
+
+    *Alex Ghiculescu*
+
+*   Change `attribute_for_inspect` to take `filter_attributes` in consideration.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Fix odd behavior of inverse_of with multiple belongs_to to same class.
+
+    Fixes #35204.
+
+    *Tomoyuki Kai*
 
-*   Fix the SQL generated when a `delete_all` is run on an association to not
-    produce an `IN` statements.
+*   Build predicate conditions with objects that delegate `#id` and primary key:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class AdminAuthor
+      delegate_missing_to :@author
+
+      def initialize(author)
+        @author = author
+      end
+    end
+
+    Post.where(author: AdminAuthor.new(author))
+    ```
+
+    *Sean Doyle*
+
+*   Add `connected_to_many` API.
+
+    This API allows applications to connect to multiple databases at once without switching all of them or implementing a deeply nested stack.
 
     Before:
 
-      UPDATE "categorizations" SET "category_id" = NULL WHERE
-      "categorizations"."category_id" = 1 AND "categorizations"."id" IN (1, 2)
+        AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+          MealsRecord.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+            Dog.first # read from animals replica
+            Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+            Person.first # read from primary writer
+          end
+        end
 
     After:
 
-      UPDATE "categorizations" SET "category_id" = NULL WHERE
-      "categorizations"."category_id" = 1
+        ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to_many([AnimalsRecord, MealsRecord], role: :reading) do
+          Dog.first # read from animals replica
+          Dinner.first # read from meals replica
+          Person.first # read from primary writer
+        end
 
-    *Eileen M. Uchitelle, Aaron Patterson*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Avoid type casting boolean and `ActiveSupport::Duration` values to numeric
-    values for string columns. Otherwise, in some database, the string column
-    values will be coerced to a numeric allowing false or 0.seconds match any
-    string starting with a non-digit.
+*   Add option to raise or log for `ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError`.
 
-    Example:
+    Some applications may not want to raise an error in production if using `strict_loading`. This would allow an application to set strict loading to log for the production environment while still raising in development and test environments.
 
-        App.where(apikey: false) # => SELECT * FROM users WHERE apikey = '0'
+    Set `config.active_record.action_on_strict_loading_violation` to `:log` errors instead of raising.
 
-    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Allow the inverse of a `has_one` association that was previously autosaved to be loaded.
 
-*   Add a `:required` option to singular associations, providing a nicer
-    API for presence validations on associations.
+    Fixes #34255.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Steven Weber*
 
-*   Fix an error in `reset_counters` when associations have `select` scope.
-    (Call to `count` generated invalid SQL.)
+*   Optimise the length of index names for polymorphic references by using the reference name rather than the type and id column names.
 
-    *Cade Truitt*
+    Because the default behaviour when adding an index with multiple columns is to use all column names in the index name, this could frequently lead to overly long index names for polymorphic references which would fail the migration if it exceeded the database limit.
 
-*   After a successful `reload`, `new_record?` is always false.
+    This change reduces the chance of that happening by using the reference name, e.g. `index_my_table_on_my_reference`.
 
-    Fixes #12101.
+    Fixes #38655.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    *Luke Redpath*
 
-*   PostgreSQL renaming table doesn't attempt to rename non existent sequences.
+*   MySQL: Uniqueness validator now respects default database collation,
+    no longer enforce case sensitive comparison by default.
 
-    *Abdelkader Boudih*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::DatabaseLimits`.
 
-*   Move 'dependent: :destroy' handling for `belongs_to`
-    from `before_destroy` to `after_destroy` callback chain
+    `column_name_length`
+    `table_name_length`
+    `columns_per_table`
+    `indexes_per_table`
+    `columns_per_multicolumn_index`
+    `sql_query_length`
+    `joins_per_query`
 
-    Fixes #12380.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Ivan Antropov*
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_multi_insert?`.
 
-*   Detect in-place modifications on String attributes.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::AbstractAdapter#supports_foreign_keys_in_create?`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::PostgreSQLAdapter#supports_ranges?`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes` and `ActiveRecord::Base#update_attributes!`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `migrations_path` argument in `ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapter::SchemaStatements#assume_migrated_upto_version`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated `config.active_record.sqlite3.represent_boolean_as_integer`.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    Before this change, an attribute modified in-place had to be marked as
-    changed in order for it to be persisted in the database. Now it is no longer
-    required.
+*   `relation.create` does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods
+    in initialization block and callbacks.
 
     Before:
 
-        user = User.first
-        user.name << ' Griffin'
-        user.name_will_change!
-        user.save
-        user.reload.name # => "Sean Griffin"
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => nil
+        end
 
     After:
 
-        user = User.first
-        user.name << ' Griffin'
-        user.save
-        user.reload.name # => "Sean Griffin"
+        User.where(name: "John").create do |john|
+          User.find_by(name: "David") # => #<User name: "David", ...>
+        end
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#validate!` that raises `RecordInvalid` if the record
-    is invalid.
+*   Named scope chain does no longer leak scope to class level querying methods.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*, *Marc Schütz*
+        class User < ActiveRecord::Base
+          scope :david, -> { User.where(name: "David") }
+        end
 
-*   Support for adding and removing foreign keys. Foreign keys are now
-    a part of `schema.rb`. This is supported by Mysql2Adapter, MysqlAdapter
-    and PostgreSQLAdapter.
+    Before:
 
-    Many thanks to *Matthew Higgins* for laying the foundation with his work on
-    [foreigner](https://github.com/matthuhiggins/foreigner).
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'John' AND name = 'David'
 
-    Example:
+    After:
 
-        # within your migrations:
-        add_foreign_key :articles, :authors
-        remove_foreign_key :articles, :authors
+        User.where(name: "John").david
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'David'
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix subtle bugs regarding attribute assignment on models with no primary
-    key. `'id'` will no longer be part of the attributes hash.
+*   Remove deprecated methods from `ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    `fetch`
+    `each`
+    `first`
+    `values`
+    `[]=`
 
-*   Deprecate automatic counter caches on `has_many :through`. The behavior was
-    broken and inconsistent.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   `where.not` now generates NAND predicates instead of NOR.
 
-*   `preload` preserves readonly flag for associations.
+     Before:
 
-    See #15853.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE name != 'Jon' AND role != 'admin'
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+     After:
 
-*   Assume numeric types have changed if they were assigned to a value that
-    would fail numericality validation, regardless of the old value. Previously
-    this would only occur if the old value was 0.
+        User.where.not(name: "Jon", role: "admin")
+        # SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT (name == 'Jon' AND role == 'admin')
 
-    Example:
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-        model = Model.create!(number: 5)
-        model.number = '5wibble'
-        model.number_changed? # => true
+*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Result#to_hash` method.
 
-    Fixes #14731.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Deprecate `ActiveRecord::Base.allow_unsafe_raw_sql`.
 
-*   `reload` no longer merges with the existing attributes.
-    The attribute hash is fully replaced. The record is put into the same state
-    as it would be with `Model.find(model.id)`.
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
+*   Remove deprecated support for using unsafe raw SQL in `ActiveRecord::Relation` methods.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-*   The object returned from `select_all` must respond to `column_types`.
-    If this is not the case a `NoMethodError` is raised.
+*   Allow users to silence the "Rails couldn't infer whether you are using multiple databases..."
+    message using `config.active_record.suppress_multiple_database_warning`.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Omri Gabay*
 
-*   Detect in-place modifications of PG array types
+*   Connections can be granularly switched for abstract classes when `connected_to` is called.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    This change allows `connected_to` to switch a `role` and/or `shard` for a single abstract class instead of all classes globally. Applications that want to use the new feature need to set `config.active_record.legacy_connection_handling` to `false` in their application configuration.
 
-*   Add `bin/rake db:purge` task to empty the current database.
+    Example usage:
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    Given an application we have a `User` model that inherits from `ApplicationRecord` and a `Dog` model that inherits from `AnimalsRecord`. `AnimalsRecord` and `ApplicationRecord` have writing and reading connections as well as shard `default`, `one`, and `two`.
 
-*   Deprecate `serialized_attributes` without replacement.
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(role: :reading) do
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+      AnimalsRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :one) do
+        User.first # reads from default replica
+        Dog.first # reads from shard one primary
+      end
 
-*   Correctly extract IPv6 addresses from `DATABASE_URI`: the square brackets
-    are part of the URI structure, not the actual host.
+      User.first # reads from default replica
+      Dog.first # reads from default replica
 
-    Fixes #15705.
+      ApplicationRecord.connected_to(role: :writing, shard: :two) do
+        User.first # reads from shard two primary
+        Dog.first # reads from default replica
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Andy Bakun*, *Aaron Stone*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Ensure both parent IDs are set on join records when both sides of a
-    through association are new.
+*   Allow double-dash comment syntax when querying read-only databases
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *James Adam*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Dirty` now detects in-place changes to mutable values.
-    Serialized attributes on ActiveRecord models will no longer save when
-    unchanged.
+*   Add `values_at` method.
 
-    Fixes #8328.
+    Returns an array containing the values associated with the given methods.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    ```ruby
+    topic = Topic.first
+    topic.values_at(:title, :author_name)
+    # => ["Budget", "Jason"]
+    ```
 
-*   `Pluck` now works when selecting columns from different tables with the same
-    name.
+    Similar to `Hash#values_at` but on an Active Record instance.
 
-    Fixes #15649.
+    *Guillaume Briday*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Fix `read_attribute_before_type_cast` to consider attribute aliases.
 
-*   Remove `cache_attributes` and friends. All attributes are cached.
+    *Marcelo Lauxen*
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+*   Support passing record to uniqueness validator `:conditions` callable:
 
-*   Remove deprecated method `ActiveRecord::Base.quoted_locking_column`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Article < ApplicationRecord
+      validates_uniqueness_of :title, conditions: ->(article) {
+        published_at = article.published_at
+        where(published_at: published_at.beginning_of_year..published_at.end_of_year)
+      }
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
+    *Eliot Sykes*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::FinderMethods.find` with block can handle proc parameter as
-    `Enumerable#find` does.
+*   `BatchEnumerator#update_all` and `BatchEnumerator#delete_all` now return the
+    total number of rows affected, just like their non-batched counterparts.
 
-    Fixes #15382.
+    ```ruby
+    Person.in_batches.update_all("first_name = 'Eugene'") # => 42
+    Person.in_batches.delete_all # => 42
+    ```
 
-    *James Yang*
+    Fixes #40287.
 
-*   Make timezone aware attributes work with PostgreSQL array columns.
+    *Eugene Kenny*
 
-    Fixes #13402.
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL `interval` data type with conversion to
+    `ActiveSupport::Duration` when loading records from database and
+    serialization to ISO 8601 formatted duration string on save.
+    Add support to define a column in migrations and get it in a schema dump.
+    Optional column precision is supported.
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*, *Sean Griffin*
+    To use this in 6.1, you need to place the next string to your model file:
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration` has no primary key regardless of the
-    `primary_key_prefix_type` configuration.
+        attribute :duration, :interval
 
-    Fixes #15051.
+    To keep old behavior until 7.0 is released:
 
-    *JoseLuis Torres*, *Yves Senn*
+        attribute :duration, :string
 
-*   `rake db:migrate:status` works with legacy migration numbers like `00018_xyz.rb`.
+    Example:
 
-    Fixes #15538.
+        create_table :events do |t|
+          t.string   :name
+          t.interval :duration
+        end
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+        class Event < ApplicationRecord
+          attribute :duration, :interval
+        end
 
-*   Baseclass becomes! subclass.
+        Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
+        Event.last.duration # => 2 days
+        Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"
+        Event.new(duration: 'P1DT12H3S').duration # => 1 day, 12 hours, and 3 seconds
+        Event.new(duration: '1 day') # Unknown value will be ignored and NULL will be written to database
 
-    Before this change, a record which changed its STI type, could not be
-    updated.
+    *Andrey Novikov*
 
-    Fixes #14785.
+*   Allow associations supporting the `dependent:` key to take `dependent: :destroy_async`.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Earl St Sauver*, *Edo Balvers*
+    ```ruby
+    class Account < ActiveRecord::Base
+        belongs_to :supplier, dependent: :destroy_async
+    end
+    ```
 
-*   Remove deprecated `ActiveRecord::Migrator.proper_table_name`. Use the
-    `proper_table_name` instance method on `ActiveRecord::Migration` instead.
+    `:destroy_async` will enqueue a job to destroy associated records in the background.
 
-    *Akshay Vishnoi*
+    *DHH*, *George Claghorn*, *Cory Gwin*, *Rafael Mendonça França*, *Adrianna Chang*
 
-*   Fix regression on eager loading association based on SQL query rather than
-    existing column.
+*   Add `SKIP_TEST_DATABASE` environment variable to disable modifying the test database when `rails db:create` and `rails db:drop` are called.
 
-    Fixes #15480.
+    *Jason Schweier*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*, *Carlos Antonio da Silva*
+*   `connects_to` can only be called on `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes.
 
-*   Deprecate returning `nil` from `column_for_attribute` when no column exists.
-    It will return a null object in Rails 5.0
+    Ensure that `connects_to` can only be called from `ActiveRecord::Base` or abstract classes. This protects the application from opening duplicate or too many connections.
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Implemented `ActiveRecord::Base#pretty_print` to work with PP.
+*   All connection adapters `execute` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when they encounter a connection error.
 
-    *Ethan*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   Preserve type when dumping PostgreSQL point, bit, bit varying and money
-    columns.
+*   `Mysql2Adapter#quote_string` now raises `ActiveRecord::ConnectionNotEstablished` rather than
+    `ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid` when it can't connect to the MySQL server.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Jean Boussier*
 
-*   New records remain new after YAML serialization.
+*   Add support for check constraints that are `NOT VALID` via `validate: false` (PostgreSQL-only).
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    *Alex Robbin*
 
-*   PostgreSQL support default values for enum types. Fixes #7814.
+*   Ensure the default configuration is considered primary or first for an environment
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    If a multiple database application provides a configuration named primary, that will be treated as default. In applications that do not have a primary entry, the default database configuration will be the first configuration for an environment.
 
-*   PostgreSQL `default_sequence_name` respects schema. Fixes #7516.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Allow `where` references association names as joined table name aliases.
 
-*   Fix `columns_for_distinct` of PostgreSQL adapter to work correctly
-    with orders without sort direction modifiers.
+    ```ruby
+    class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum label: [:default, :child]
+      has_many :children, class_name: "Comment", foreign_key: :parent_id
+    end
 
-    *Nikolay Kondratyev*
+    # ... FROM comments LEFT OUTER JOIN comments children ON ... WHERE children.label = 1
+    Comment.includes(:children).where("children.label": "child")
+    ```
 
-*   PostgreSQL `reset_pk_sequence!` respects schemas. Fixes #14719.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Support storing demodulized class name for polymorphic type.
 
-*   Keep PostgreSQL `hstore` and `json` attributes as `Hash` in `@attributes`.
-    Fixes duplication in combination with `store_accessor`.
+    Before Rails 6.1, storing demodulized class name is supported only for STI type
+    by `store_full_sti_class` class attribute.
 
-    Fixes #15369.
+    Now `store_full_class_name` class attribute can handle both STI and polymorphic types.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   `rake railties:install:migrations` respects the order of railties.
+*   Deprecate `rails db:structure:{load, dump}` tasks and extend
+    `rails db:schema:{load, dump}` tasks to work with either `:ruby` or `:sql` format,
+    depending on `config.active_record.schema_format` configuration value.
 
-    *Arun Agrawal*
+    *fatkodima*
 
-*   Fix redefine a `has_and_belongs_to_many` inside inherited class
-    Fixing regression case, where redefining the same `has_and_belongs_to_many`
-    definition into a subclass would raise.
+*   Respect the `select` values for eager loading.
 
-    Fixes #14983.
+    ```ruby
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    # Rails 6.0 (ignore the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "Welcome to the weblog"
+    post.body  # => "Such a lovely day"
 
-*   Fix `has_and_belongs_to_many` public reflection.
-    When defining a `has_and_belongs_to_many`, internally we convert that to two has_many.
-    But as `reflections` is a public API, people expect to see the right macro.
+    # Rails 6.1 (respect the `select` values)
+    post = Post.select("UPPER(title) AS title").eager_load(:comments).first
+    post.title # => "WELCOME TO THE WEBLOG"
+    post.body  # => ActiveModel::MissingAttributeError
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #14682.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *arthurnn*
+*   Allow attribute's default to be configured but keeping its own type.
 
-*   Fix serialization for records with an attribute named `format`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Post < ActiveRecord::Base
+      attribute :written_at, default: -> { Time.now.utc }
+    end
 
-    Fixes #15188.
+    # Rails 6.0
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::Value ... precision: nil, ...>
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+    # Rails 6.1
+    Post.type_for_attribute(:written_at) # => #<Type::DateTime ... precision: 6, ...>
+    ```
 
-*   When a `group` is set, `sum`, `size`, `average`, `minimum` and `maximum`
-    on a NullRelation should return a Hash.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+*   Allow default to be configured for Enum.
 
-*   Fix serialized fields returning serialized data after being updated with
-    `update_column`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+      enum status: [:proposed, :written, :published], _default: :published
+    end
 
-    *Simon Hørup Eskildsen*
+    Book.new.status # => "published"
+    ```
 
-*   Fix polymorphic eager loading when using a String as foreign key.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #14734.
+*   Deprecate YAML loading from legacy format older than Rails 5.0.
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Change belongs_to touch to be consistent with timestamp updates
+*   Added the setting `ActiveRecord::Base.immutable_strings_by_default`, which
+    allows you to specify that all string columns should be frozen unless
+    otherwise specified. This will reduce memory pressure for applications which
+    do not generally mutate string properties of Active Record objects.
 
-    If a model is set up with a belongs_to: touch relationship the parent
-    record will only be touched if the record was modified. This makes it
-    consistent with timestamp updating on the record itself.
+    *Sean Griffin*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Brock Trappitt*
+*   Deprecate `map!` and `collect!` on `ActiveRecord::Result`.
 
-*   Fix the inferred table name of a `has_and_belongs_to_many` auxiliary
-    table inside a schema.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #14824.
+*   Support `relation.and` for intersection as Set theory.
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: [david, mary])
+    mary_and_bob   = Author.where(id: [mary, bob])
 
-*   Remove unused `:timestamp` type. Transparently alias it to `:datetime`
-    in all cases. Fixes inconsistencies when column types are sent outside of
-    `ActiveRecord`, such as for XML Serialization.
+    david_and_mary.merge(mary_and_bob) # => [mary, bob]
 
-    *Sean Griffin*
+    david_and_mary.and(mary_and_bob) # => [mary]
+    david_and_mary.or(mary_and_bob)  # => [david, mary, bob]
+    ```
 
-*   Fix bug that added `table_name_prefix` and `table_name_suffix` to
-    extension names in PostgreSQL when migrating.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Joao Carlos*
+*   Merging conditions on the same column no longer maintain both conditions,
+    and will be consistently replaced by the latter condition in Rails 7.0.
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `relation.merge(other, rewhere: true)`.
 
-*   The `:index` option in migrations, which previously was only available for
-    `references`, now works with any column types.
+    ```ruby
+    # Rails 6.1 (IN clause is replaced by merger side equality condition)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-    *Marc Schütz*
+    # Rails 6.1 (both conflict conditions exists, deprecated)
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-*   Add support for counter name to be passed as parameter on `CounterCache::ClassMethods#reset_counters`.
+    # Rails 6.1 with rewhere to migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
 
-    *jnormore*
+    # Rails 7.0 (same behavior with IN clause, mergee side condition is consistently replaced)
+    Author.where(id: [david.id, mary.id]).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id).merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-*   Restrict deletion of record when using `delete_all` with `uniq`, `group`, `having`
-    or `offset`.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    In these cases the generated query ignored them and that caused unintended
-    records to be deleted.
+*   Do not mark Postgresql MAC address and UUID attributes as changed when the assigned value only varies by case.
 
-    Fixes #11985.
+    *Peter Fry*
 
-    *Leandro Facchinetti*
+*   Resolve issue with insert_all unique_by option when used with expression index.
 
-*   Floats with limit >= 25 that get turned into doubles in MySQL no longer have
-    their limit dropped from the schema.
+    When the `:unique_by` option of `ActiveRecord::Persistence.insert_all` and
+    `ActiveRecord::Persistence.upsert_all` was used with the name of an expression index, an error
+    was raised. Adding a guard around the formatting behavior for the `:unique_by` corrects this.
 
-    Fixes #14135.
+    Usage:
 
-    *Aaron Nelson*
+    ```ruby
+    create_table :books, id: :integer, force: true do |t|
+      t.column :name, :string
+      t.index "lower(name)", unique: true
+    end
 
-*   Fix how to calculate associated class name when using namespaced `has_and_belongs_to_many`
-    association.
+    Book.insert_all [{ name: "MyTest" }], unique_by: :index_books_on_lower_name
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #14709.
+    Fixes #39516.
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+    *Austen Madden*
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Relation::Merger#filter_binds` now compares equivalent symbols and
-    strings in column names as equal.
+*   Add basic support for CHECK constraints to database migrations.
 
-    This fixes a rare case in which more bind values are passed than there are
-    placeholders for them in the generated SQL statement, which can make PostgreSQL
-    throw a `StatementInvalid` exception.
+    Usage:
 
-    *Nat Budin*
+    ```ruby
+    add_check_constraint :products, "price > 0", name: "price_check"
+    remove_check_constraint :products, name: "price_check"
+    ```
 
-*   Fix `stored_attributes` to correctly merge the details of stored
-    attributes defined in parent classes.
+    *fatkodima*
 
-    Fixes #14672.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default` and `ActiveRecord::Base.strict_loading_by_default=`
+    to enable/disable strict_loading mode by default for a model. The configuration's value is
+    inheritable by subclasses, but they can override that value and it will not impact parent class.
 
-    *Brad Bennett*, *Jessica Yao*, *Lakshmi Parthasarathy*
+    Usage:
 
-*   `change_column_default` allows `[]` as argument to `change_column_default`.
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      self.strict_loading_by_default = true
 
-    Fixes #11586.
+      has_many :projects
+    end
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError Exception: Developer is marked as strict_loading and Project cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
-*   Handle `name` and `"char"` column types in the PostgreSQL adapter.
+    *bogdanvlviv*
 
-    `name` and `"char"` are special character types used internally by
-    PostgreSQL and are used by internal system catalogs. These field types
-    can sometimes show up in structure-sniffing queries that feature internal system
-    structures or with certain PostgreSQL extensions.
+*   Deprecate passing an Active Record object to `quote`/`type_cast` directly.
 
-    *J Smith*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Fix `PostgreSQLAdapter::OID::Float#type_cast` to convert Infinity and
-    NaN PostgreSQL values into a native Ruby `Float::INFINITY` and `Float::NAN`
+*   Default engine `ENGINE=InnoDB` is no longer dumped to make schema more agnostic.
 
     Before:
 
-        Point.create(value: 1.0/0)
-        Point.last.value # => 0.0
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", options: "ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
     After:
 
-        Point.create(value: 1.0/0)
-        Point.last.value # => Infinity
+    ```ruby
+    create_table "accounts", charset: "utf8mb4", collation: "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci", force: :cascade do |t|
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Innokenty Mikhailov*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Allow the PostgreSQL adapter to handle bigserial primary key types again.
+*   Added delegated type as an alternative to single-table inheritance for representing class hierarchies.
+    See ActiveRecord::DelegatedType for the full description.
 
-    Fixes #10410.
+    *DHH*
 
-    *Patrick Robertson*
+*   Deprecate aggregations with group by duplicated fields.
 
-*   Deprecate joining, eager loading and preloading of instance dependent
-    associations without replacement. These operations happen before instances
-    are created. The current behavior is unexpected and can result in broken
-    behavior.
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
 
-    Fixes #15024.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.group(:firm_id)
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    # duplicated group fields, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   [1, 1] => 50,
+    #   [2, 2] => 60
+    # }
 
-*   Fix `has_and_belongs_to_many` CollectionAssociation size calculations.
+    # use `uniq!(:group)` to deduplicate group fields.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.where.not(credit_limit: nil)).uniq!(:group).sum(:credit_limit)
+    # => {
+    #   1 => 50,
+    #   2 => 60
+    # }
+    ```
 
-    `has_and_belongs_to_many` should fall back to using the normal CollectionAssociation's
-    size calculation if the collection is not cached or loaded.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    Fixes #14913, #14914.
+*   Deprecate duplicated query annotations.
 
-    *Fred Wu*
+    To migrate to Rails 7.0's behavior, use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate query annotations.
 
-*   Return a non zero status when running `rake db:migrate:status` and migration table does
-    not exist.
+    ```ruby
+    accounts = Account.where(id: [1, 2]).annotate("david and mary")
 
-    *Paul B.*
+    # duplicated annotations, deprecated.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3))
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */ /* david and mary */
 
-*   Add support for module-level `table_name_suffix` in models.
+    # use `uniq!(:annotate)` to deduplicate annotations.
+    accounts.merge(accounts.rewhere(id: 3)).uniq!(:annotate)
+    # SELECT accounts.* FROM accounts WHERE accounts.id = 3 /* david and mary */
+    ```
 
-    This makes `table_name_suffix` work the same way as `table_name_prefix` when
-    using namespaced models.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Jenner LaFave*
+*   Resolve conflict between counter cache and optimistic locking.
 
-*   Revert the behaviour of `ActiveRecord::Relation#join` changed through 4.0 => 4.1 to 4.0.
+    Bump an Active Record instance's lock version after updating its counter
+    cache. This avoids raising an unnecessary `ActiveRecord::StaleObjectError`
+    upon subsequent transactions by maintaining parity with the corresponding
+    database record's `lock_version` column.
 
-    In 4.1.0 `Relation#join` is delegated to `Arel#SelectManager`.
-    In 4.0 series it is delegated to `Array#join`.
+    Fixes #16449.
 
-    *Bogdan Gusiev*
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-*   Log nil binary column values correctly.
+*   Support merging option `:rewhere` to allow mergee side condition to be replaced exactly.
 
-    When an object with a binary column is updated with a nil value
-    in that column, the SQL logger would throw an exception when trying
-    to log that nil value. This only occurs when updating a record
-    that already has a non-nil value in that column since an initial nil
-    value isn't included in the SQL anyway (at least, when dirty checking
-    is enabled.) The column's new value will now be logged as `<NULL binary data>`
-    to parallel the existing `<N bytes of binary data>` for non-nil values.
+    ```ruby
+    david_and_mary = Author.where(id: david.id..mary.id)
 
-    *James Coleman*
+    # both conflict conditions exists
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob)) # => []
 
-*   Rails will now pass a custom validation context through to autosave associations
-    in order to validate child associations with the same context.
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.rewhere(id: bob)) # => [bob]
 
-    Fixes #13854.
+    # mergee side condition is replaced by rewhere option
+    david_and_mary.merge(Author.where(id: bob), rewhere: true) # => [bob]
+    ```
 
-    *Eric Chahin*, *Aaron Nelson*, *Kevin Casey*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Stringify all variables keys of MySQL connection configuration.
+*   Add support for finding records based on signed ids, which are tamper-proof, verified ids that can be
+    set to expire and scoped with a purpose. This is particularly useful for things like password reset
+    or email verification, where you want the bearer of the signed id to be able to interact with the
+    underlying record, but usually only within a certain time period.
 
-    When `sql_mode` variable for MySQL adapters set in configuration as `String`
-    was ignored and overwritten by strict mode option.
+    ```ruby
+    signed_id = User.first.signed_id expires_in: 15.minutes, purpose: :password_reset
 
-    Fixes #14895.
+    User.find_signed signed_id # => nil, since the purpose does not match
 
-    *Paul Nikitochkin*
+    travel 16.minutes
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => nil, since the signed id has expired
 
-*   Ensure SQLite3 statements are closed on errors.
+    travel_back
+    User.find_signed signed_id, purpose: :password_reset # => User.first
 
-    Fixes #13631.
+    User.find_signed! "bad data" # => ActiveSupport::MessageVerifier::InvalidSignature
+    ```
 
-    *Timur Alperovich*
+    *DHH*
 
-*   Give `ActiveRecord::PredicateBuilder` private methods the privacy they deserve.
+*   Support `ALGORITHM = INSTANT` DDL option for index operations on MySQL.
 
-    *Hector Satre*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   When using a custom `join_table` name on a `habtm`, rails was not saving it
-    on Reflections. This causes a problem when rails loads fixtures, because it
-    uses the reflections to set database with fixtures.
+*   Fix index creation to preserve index comment in bulk change table on MySQL.
 
-    Fixes #14845.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Kassio Borges*
+*   Allow `unscope` to be aware of table name qualified values.
 
-*   Reset the cache when modifying a Relation with cached Arel.
-    Additionally display a warning message to make the user aware.
+    It is possible to unscope only the column in the specified table.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    ```ruby
+    posts = Post.joins(:comments).group(:"posts.hidden")
+    posts = posts.where("posts.hidden": false, "comments.hidden": false)
 
-*   PostgreSQL should internally use `:datetime` consistently for TimeStamp. Assures
-    different spellings of timestamps are treated the same.
+    posts.count
+    # => { false => 10 }
 
-    Example:
+    # unscope both hidden columns
+    posts.unscope(where: :hidden).count
+    # => { false => 11, true => 1 }
 
-        mytimestamp.simplified_type('timestamp without time zone')
-        # => :datetime
-        mytimestamp.simplified_type('timestamp(6) without time zone')
-        # => also :datetime (previously would be :timestamp)
+    # unscope only comments.hidden column
+    posts.unscope(where: :"comments.hidden").count
+    # => { false => 11 }
+    ```
 
-    See #14513.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*, *Slava Korolev*
 
-    *Jefferson Lai*
+*   Fix `rewhere` to truly overwrite collided where clause by new where clause.
 
-*   `ActiveRecord::Base.no_touching` no longer triggers callbacks or start empty transactions.
+    ```ruby
+    steve = Person.find_by(name: "Steve")
+    david = Author.find_by(name: "David")
 
-    Fixes #14841.
+    relation = Essay.where(writer: steve)
 
-    *Lucas Mazza*
+    # Before
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => []
 
-*   Fix name collision with `Array#select!` with `Relation#select!`.
+    # After
+    relation.rewhere(writer: david).to_a # => [david]
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #14752.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Earl St Sauver*
+*   Inspect time attributes with subsec and time zone offset.
 
-*   Fix unexpected behavior for `has_many :through` associations going through
-    a scoped `has_many`.
+    ```ruby
+    p Knot.create
+    => #<Knot id: 1, created_at: "2016-05-05 01:29:47.116928000 +0000">
+    ```
 
-    If a `has_many` association is adjusted using a scope, and another
-    `has_many :through` uses this association, then the scope adjustment is
-    unexpectedly neglected.
+    *akinomaeni*, *Jonathan Hefner*
 
-    Fixes #14537.
+*   Deprecate passing a column to `type_cast`.
 
-    *Jan Habermann*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   `@destroyed` should always be set to `false` when an object is duped.
+*   Deprecate `in_clause_length` and `allowed_index_name_length` in `DatabaseLimits`.
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Enable `has_many` associations to support irregular inflections.
+*   Support bulk insert/upsert on relation to preserve scope values.
 
-    Fixes #8928.
+    *Josef Šimánek*, *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *arthurnn*, *Javier Goizueta*
+*   Preserve column comment value on changing column name on MySQL.
 
-*   Fix `count` used with a grouping not returning a Hash.
+    *Islam Taha*
 
-    Fixes #14721.
+*   Add support for `if_exists` option for removing an index.
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    The `remove_index` method can take an `if_exists` option. If this is set to true an error won't be raised if the index doesn't exist.
 
-*   `sanitize_sql_like` helper method to escape a string for safe use in an SQL
-    LIKE statement.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-    Example:
+*   Remove ibm_db, informix, mssql, oracle, and oracle12 Arel visitors which are not used in the code base.
 
-        class Article
-          def self.search(term)
-            where("title LIKE ?", sanitize_sql_like(term))
-          end
-        end
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-        Article.search("20% _reduction_")
-        # => Query looks like "... title LIKE '20\% \_reduction\_' ..."
+*   Prevent `build_association` from `touching` a parent record if the record isn't persisted for `has_one` associations.
 
-    *Rob Gilson*, *Yves Senn*
+    Fixes #38219.
 
-*   Do not quote uuid default value on `change_column`.
+    *Josh Brody*
 
-    Fixes #14604.
+*   Add support for `if_not_exists` option for adding index.
 
-    *Eric Chahin*
+    The `add_index` method respects `if_not_exists` option. If it is set to true
+    index won't be added.
 
-*   The comparison between `Relation` and `CollectionProxy` should be consistent.
+    Usage:
 
-    Example:
+    ```ruby
+      add_index :users, :account_id, if_not_exists: true
+    ```
 
-        author.posts == Post.where(author_id: author.id)
-        # => true
-        Post.where(author_id: author.id) == author.posts
-        # => true
+    The `if_not_exists` option passed to `create_table` also gets propagated to indexes
+    created within that migration so that if table and its indexes exist then there is no
+    attempt to create them again.
 
-    Fixes #13506.
+    *Prathamesh Sonpatki*
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Base#previously_new_record?` to show if a record was new before the last save.
 
-*   Calling `delete_all` on an unloaded `CollectionProxy` no longer
-    generates an SQL statement containing each id of the collection:
+    *Tom Ward*
 
-    Before:
+*   Support descending order for `find_each`, `find_in_batches`, and `in_batches`.
 
-        DELETE FROM `model` WHERE `model`.`parent_id` = 1
-        AND `model`.`id` IN (1, 2, 3...)
+    Batch processing methods allow you to work with the records in batches, greatly reducing memory consumption, but records are always batched from oldest id to newest.
 
-    After:
+    This change allows reversing the order, batching from newest to oldest. This is useful when you need to process newer batches of records first.
+
+    Pass `order: :desc` to yield batches in descending order. The default remains `order: :asc`.
+
+    ```ruby
+    Person.find_each(order: :desc) do |person|
+      person.party_all_night!
+    end
+    ```
+
+    *Alexey Vasiliev*
+
+*   Fix `insert_all` with enum values.
+
+    Fixes #38716.
+
+    *Joel Blum*
+
+*   Add support for `db:rollback:name` for multiple database applications.
+
+    Multiple database applications will now raise if `db:rollback` is call and recommend using the `db:rollback:[NAME]` to rollback migrations.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   `Relation#pick` now uses already loaded results instead of making another query.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Deprecate using `return`, `break` or `throw` to exit a transaction block after writes.
+
+    *Dylan Thacker-Smith*
+
+*   Dump the schema or structure of a database when calling `db:migrate:name`.
+
+    In previous versions of Rails, `rails db:migrate` would dump the schema of the database. In Rails 6, that holds true (`rails db:migrate` dumps all databases' schemas), but `rails db:migrate:name` does not share that behavior.
+
+    Going forward, calls to `rails db:migrate:name` will dump the schema (or structure) of the database being migrated.
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Reset the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection after `rails db:migrate:name`.
+
+    When `rails db:migrate` has finished, it ensures the `ActiveRecord::Base` connection is reset to its original configuration. Going forward, `rails db:migrate:name` will have the same behavior.
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Disallow calling `connected_to` on subclasses of `ActiveRecord::Base`.
+
+    Behavior has not changed here but the previous API could be misleading to people who thought it would switch connections for only that class. `connected_to` switches the context from which we are getting connections, not the connections themselves.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Add support for horizontal sharding to `connects_to` and `connected_to`.
+
+    Applications can now connect to multiple shards and switch between their shards in an application. Note that the shard swapping is still a manual process as this change does not include an API for automatic shard swapping.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    Given the following configuration:
+
+    ```yaml
+    # config/database.yml
+    production:
+      primary:
+        database: my_database
+      primary_shard_one:
+        database: my_database_shard_one
+    ```
+
+    Connect to multiple shards:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
+      self.abstract_class = true
+
+      connects_to shards: {
+        default: { writing: :primary },
+        shard_one: { writing: :primary_shard_one }
+      }
+    ```
+
+    Swap between shards in your controller / model code:
+
+    ```ruby
+    ActiveRecord::Base.connected_to(shard: :shard_one) do
+      # Read from shard one
+    end
+    ```
+
+    The horizontal sharding API also supports read replicas. See guides for more details.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
+
+*   Deprecate `spec_name` in favor of `name` on database configurations.
+
+    The accessors for `spec_name` on `configs_for` and `DatabaseConfig` are deprecated. Please use `name` instead.
+
+    Deprecated behavior:
+
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", spec_name: "primary")
+    db_config.spec_name
+    ```
+
+    New behavior:
+
+    ```ruby
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "development", name: "primary")
+    db_config.name
+    ```
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Add additional database-specific rake tasks for multi-database users.
+
+    Previously, `rails db:create`, `rails db:drop`, and `rails db:migrate` were the only rails tasks that could operate on a single
+    database. For example:
 
-        DELETE FROM `model` WHERE `model`.`parent_id` = 1
+    ```
+    rails db:create
+    rails db:create:primary
+    rails db:create:animals
+    rails db:drop
+    rails db:drop:primary
+    rails db:drop:animals
+    rails db:migrate
+    rails db:migrate:primary
+    rails db:migrate:animals
+    ```
+
+    With these changes, `rails db:schema:dump`, `rails db:schema:load`, `rails db:structure:dump`, `rails db:structure:load` and
+    `rails db:test:prepare` can additionally operate on a single database. For example:
+
+    ```
+    rails db:schema:dump
+    rails db:schema:dump:primary
+    rails db:schema:dump:animals
+    rails db:schema:load
+    rails db:schema:load:primary
+    rails db:schema:load:animals
+    rails db:structure:dump
+    rails db:structure:dump:primary
+    rails db:structure:dump:animals
+    rails db:structure:load
+    rails db:structure:load:primary
+    rails db:structure:load:animals
+    rails db:test:prepare
+    rails db:test:prepare:primary
+    rails db:test:prepare:animals
+    ```
+
+    *Kyle Thompson*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode on association declarations.
+
+    Raise an error if attempting to load a record from an association that has been marked as `strict_loading` unless it was explicitly eager loaded.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    class Developer < ApplicationRecord
+      has_many :projects, strict_loading: true
+    end
+
+    dev = Developer.first
+    dev.projects.first
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: The projects association is marked as strict_loading and cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
+
+    *Kevin Deisz*
+
+*   Add support for `strict_loading` mode to prevent lazy loading of records.
+
+    Raise an error if a parent record is marked as `strict_loading` and attempts to lazily load its associations. This is useful for finding places you may want to preload an association and avoid additional queries.
+
+    Usage:
+
+    ```ruby
+    dev = Developer.strict_loading.first
+    dev.audit_logs.to_a
+    # => ActiveRecord::StrictLoadingViolationError: Developer is marked as strict_loading and AuditLog cannot be lazily loaded.
+    ```
 
     *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *Aaron Patterson*
 
-*   Fix invalid SQL when aggregate methods (`empty?`, `any?`, `count`) used
-    with `select`.
+*   Add support for PostgreSQL 11+ partitioned indexes when using `upsert_all`.
+
+    *Sebastián Palma*
+
+*   Adds support for `if_not_exists` to `add_column` and `if_exists` to `remove_column`.
 
-    Fixes #13648.
+    Applications can set their migrations to ignore exceptions raised when adding a column that already exists or when removing a column that does not exist.
 
-    *Simon Woker*
+    Example Usage:
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter only warns once for every missing OID per connection.
+    ```ruby
+    class AddColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        add_column :posts, :title, :string, if_not_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #14275.
+    ```ruby
+    class RemoveColumnTitle < ActiveRecord::Migration[6.1]
+      def change
+        remove_column :posts, :title, if_exists: true
+      end
+    end
+    ```
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   PostgreSQL adapter automatically reloads it's type map when encountering
-    unknown OIDs.
+*   Regexp-escape table name for MS SQL Server.
 
-    Fixes #14678.
+    Add `Regexp.escape` to one method in ActiveRecord, so that table names with regular expression characters in them work as expected. Since MS SQL Server uses "[" and "]" to quote table and column names, and those characters are regular expression characters, methods like `pluck` and `select` fail in certain cases when used with the MS SQL Server adapter.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*, *Yves Senn*
+    *Larry Reid*
 
-*   Fix insertion of records via `has_many :through` association with scope.
+*   Store advisory locks on their own named connection.
 
-    Fixes #3548.
+    Previously advisory locks were taken out against a connection when a migration started. This works fine in single database applications but doesn't work well when migrations need to open new connections which results in the lock getting dropped.
 
-    *Ivan Antropov*
+    In order to fix this we are storing the advisory lock on a new connection with the connection specification name `AdvisoryLockBase`. The caveat is that we need to maintain at least 2 connections to a database while migrations are running in order to do this.
 
-*   Auto-generate stable fixture UUIDs on PostgreSQL.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    Fixes #11524.
+*   Allow schema cache path to be defined in the database configuration file.
 
-    *Roderick van Domburg*
+    For example:
 
-*   Fix a problem where an enum would overwrite values of another enum with the
-    same name in an unrelated class.
+    ```yaml
+    development:
+      adapter: postgresql
+      database: blog_development
+      pool: 5
+      schema_cache_path: tmp/schema/main.yml
+    ```
 
-    Fixes #14607.
+    *Katrina Owen*
 
-    *Evan Whalen*
+*   Deprecate `#remove_connection` in favor of `#remove_connection_pool` when called on the handler.
 
-*   PostgreSQL and SQLite string columns no longer have a default limit of 255.
+    `#remove_connection` is deprecated in order to support returning a `DatabaseConfig` object instead of a `Hash`. Use `#remove_connection_pool`, `#remove_connection` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
 
-    Fixes #13435, #9153.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Vladimir Sazhin*, *Toms Mikoss*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Deprecate `#default_hash` and it's alias `#[]` on database configurations.
 
-*   Make possible to have an association called `records`.
+    Applications should use `configs_for`. `#default_hash` and `#[]` will be removed in Rails 7.0.
 
-    Fixes #11645.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *prathamesh-sonpatki*
+*   Add scale support to `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator`.
 
-*   `to_sql` on an association now matches the query that is actually executed, where it
-    could previously have incorrectly accrued additional conditions (e.g. as a result of
-    a previous query). `CollectionProxy` now always defers to the association scope's
-    `arel` method so the (incorrect) inherited one should be entirely concealed.
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-    Fixes #14003.
+*   Find orphans by looking for missing relations through chaining `where.missing`:
 
-    *Jefferson Lai*
+    Before:
 
-*   Block a few default Class methods as scope name.
+    ```ruby
+    Post.left_joins(:author).where(authors: { id: nil })
+    ```
 
-    For instance, this will raise:
+    After:
 
-        scope :public, -> { where(status: 1) }
+    ```ruby
+    Post.where.missing(:author)
+    ```
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    *Tom Rossi*
 
-*   Fix error when using `with_options` with lambda.
+*   Ensure `:reading` connections always raise if a write is attempted.
 
-    Fixes #9805.
+    Now Rails will raise an `ActiveRecord::ReadOnlyError` if any connection on the reading handler attempts to make a write. If your reading role needs to write you should name the role something other than `:reading`.
 
-    *Lauro Caetano*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
 
-*   Switch `sqlite3:///` URLs (which were temporarily
-    deprecated in 4.1) from relative to absolute.
+*   Deprecate `"primary"` as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base`.
 
-    If you still want the previous interpretation, you should replace
-    `sqlite3:///my/path` with `sqlite3:my/path`.
+    `"primary"` has been deprecated as the `connection_specification_name` for `ActiveRecord::Base` in favor of using `"ActiveRecord::Base"`. This change affects calls to `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.retrieve_connection` and `ActiveRecord::Base.connection_handler.remove_connection`. If you're calling these methods with `"primary"`, please switch to `"ActiveRecord::Base"`.
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Treat blank UUID values as `nil`.
+*   Add `ActiveRecord::Validations::NumericalityValidator` with
+    support for casting floats using a database columns' precision value.
 
-    Example:
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-        Sample.new(uuid_field: '') #=> <Sample id: nil, uuid_field: nil>
+*   Enforce fresh ETag header after a collection's contents change by adding
+    ActiveRecord::Relation#cache_key_with_version. This method will be used by
+    ActionController::ConditionalGet to ensure that when collection cache versioning
+    is enabled, requests using ConditionalGet don't return the same ETag header
+    after a collection is modified.
 
-    *Dmitry Lavrov*
+    Fixes #38078.
 
-*   Enable support for materialized views on PostgreSQL >= 9.3.
+    *Aaron Lipman*
 
-    *Dave Lee*
+*   Skip test database when running `db:create` or `db:drop` in development
+    with `DATABASE_URL` set.
 
-*   The PostgreSQL adapter supports custom domains. Fixes #14305.
+    *Brian Buchalter*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Don't allow mutations on the database configurations hash.
 
-*   PostgreSQL `Column#type` is now determined through the corresponding OID.
-    The column types stay the same except for enum columns. They no longer have
-    `nil` as type but `enum`.
+    Freeze the configurations hash to disallow directly changing it. If applications need to change the hash, for example to create databases for parallelization, they should use the `DatabaseConfig` object directly.
 
-    See #7814.
+    Before:
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    @db_config.configuration_hash.merge!(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    ```
 
-*   Fix error when specifying a non-empty default value on a PostgreSQL array
-    column.
+    After:
 
-    Fixes #10613.
+    ```ruby
+    @db_config = ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for(env_name: "test", spec_name: "primary")
+    config = @db_config.configuration_hash.merge(idle_timeout: "0.02")
+    db_config = ActiveRecord::DatabaseConfigurations::HashConfig.new(@db_config.env_name, @db_config.spec_name, config)
+    ```
 
-    *Luke Steensen*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Fix error where `.persisted?` throws SystemStackError for an unsaved model with a
-    custom primary key that did not save due to validation error.
+*   Remove `:connection_id` from the `sql.active_record` notification.
 
-    Fixes #14393.
+    *Aaron Patterson*, *Rafael Mendonça França*
 
-    *Chris Finne*
+*   The `:name` key will no longer be returned as part of `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash`. Please use `DatabaseConfig#owner_name` instead.
 
-*   Introduce `validate` as an alias for `valid?`.
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-    This is more intuitive when you want to run validations but don't care about the return value.
+*   ActiveRecord's `belongs_to_required_by_default` flag can now be set per model.
 
-    *Henrik Nyh*
+    You can now opt-out/opt-in specific models from having their associations required
+    by default.
 
-*   Create indexes inline in CREATE TABLE for MySQL.
+    This change is meant to ease the process of migrating all your models to have
+    their association required.
 
-    This is important, because adding an index on a temporary table after it has been created
-    would commit the transaction.
+    *Edouard Chin*
 
-    It also allows creating and dropping indexed tables with fewer queries and fewer permissions
-    required.
+*   The `connection_config` method has been deprecated, please use `connection_db_config` instead which will return a `DatabaseConfigurations::DatabaseConfig` instead of a `Hash`.
 
-    Example:
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-        create_table :temp, temporary: true, as: "SELECT id, name, zip FROM a_really_complicated_query" do |t|
-          t.index :zip
-        end
-        # => CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE temp (INDEX (zip)) AS SELECT id, name, zip FROM a_really_complicated_query
+*   Retain explicit selections on the base model after applying `includes` and `joins`.
 
-    *Cody Cutrer*, *Steve Rice*, *Rafael Mendonça Franca*
+    Resolves #34889.
 
-*   Use singular table name in generated migrations when
-    `ActiveRecord::Base.pluralize_table_names` is `false`.
+    *Patrick Rebsch*
 
-    Fixes #13426.
+*   The `database` kwarg is deprecated without replacement because it can't be used for sharding and creates an issue if it's used during a request. Applications that need to create new connections should use `connects_to` instead.
 
-    *Kuldeep Aggarwal*
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   `touch` accepts many attributes to be touched at once.
+*   Allow attributes to be fetched from Arel node groupings.
 
-    Example:
+    *Jeff Emminger*, *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-        # touches :signed_at, :sealed_at, and :updated_at/on attributes.
-        Photo.last.touch(:signed_at, :sealed_at)
+*   A database URL can now contain a querystring value that contains an equal sign. This is needed to support passing PostgreSQL `options`.
 
-    *James Pinto*
+    *Joshua Flanagan*
 
-*   `rake db:structure:dump` only dumps schema information if the schema
-    migration table exists.
+*   Calling methods like `establish_connection` with a `Hash` which is invalid (eg: no `adapter`) will now raise an error the same way as connections defined in `config/database.yml`.
 
-    Fixes #14217.
+    *John Crepezzi*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Specifying `implicit_order_column` now subsorts the records by primary key if available to ensure deterministic results.
 
-*   Reap connections that were checked out by now-dead threads, instead
-    of waiting until they disconnect by themselves. Before this change,
-    a suitably constructed series of short-lived threads could starve
-    the connection pool, without ever having more than a couple alive at
-    the same time.
+    *Paweł Urbanek*
 
-    *Matthew Draper*
+*   `where(attr => [])` now loads an empty result without making a query.
 
-*   `pk_and_sequence_for` now ensures that only the pg_depend entries
-    pointing to pg_class, and thus only sequence objects, are considered.
+    *John Hawthorn*
 
-    *Josh Williams*
+*   Fixed the performance regression for `primary_keys` introduced MySQL 8.0.
 
-*   `where.not` adds `references` for `includes` like normal `where` calls do.
+    *Hiroyuki Ishii*
 
-    Fixes #14406.
+*   Add support for `belongs_to` to `has_many` inversing.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
 
-*   Extend fixture `$LABEL` replacement to allow string interpolation.
+*   Allow length configuration for `has_secure_token` method. The minimum length
+    is set at 24 characters.
 
-    Example:
+    Before:
 
-        martin:
-          email: $LABEL@email.com
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :auth_token
+    ```
 
-        users(:martin).email # => martin@email.com
+    After:
 
-    *Eric Steele*
+    ```ruby
+    has_secure_token :default_token             # 24 characters
+    has_secure_token :auth_token, length: 36    # 36 characters
+    has_secure_token :invalid_token, length: 12 # => ActiveRecord::SecureToken::MinimumLengthError
+    ```
 
-*   Add support for `Relation` be passed as parameter on `QueryCache#select_all`.
+    *Bernardo de Araujo*
 
-    Fixes #14361.
+*   Deprecate `DatabaseConfigurations#to_h`. These connection hashes are still available via `ActiveRecord::Base.configurations.configs_for`.
 
-    *arthurnn*
+    *Eileen Uchitelle*, *John Crepezzi*
 
-*   Passing an Active Record object to `find` or `exists?` is now deprecated.
-    Call `.id` on the object first.
+*   Add `DatabaseConfig#configuration_hash` to return database configuration hashes with symbol keys, and use all symbol-key configuration hashes internally. Deprecate `DatabaseConfig#config` which returns a String-keyed `Hash` with the same values.
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
+
+*   Allow column names to be passed to `remove_index` positionally along with other options.
+
+    Passing other options can be necessary to make `remove_index` correctly reversible.
+
+    Before:
+
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        add_index    :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id               # => works
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => ArgumentError
+
+    After:
+
+        remove_index :reports, :report_id, unique: true # => works
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Allow bulk `ALTER` statements to drop and recreate indexes with the same name.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   `insert`, `insert_all`, `upsert`, and `upsert_all` now clear the query cache.
+
+    *Eugene Kenny*
+
+*   Call `while_preventing_writes` directly from `connected_to`.
+
+    In some cases application authors want to use the database switching middleware and make explicit calls with `connected_to`. It's possible for an app to turn off writes and not turn them back on by the time we call `connected_to(role: :writing)`.
+
+    This change allows apps to fix this by assuming if a role is writing we want to allow writes, except in the case it's explicitly turned off.
+
+    *Eileen M. Uchitelle*
+
+*   Improve detection of ActiveRecord::StatementTimeout with mysql2 adapter in the edge case when the query is terminated during filesort.
 
-*   Only use BINARY for MySQL case sensitive uniqueness check when column
-    has a case insensitive collation.
+    *Kir Shatrov*
+
+*   Stop trying to read yaml file fixtures when loading Active Record fixtures.
+
+    *Gannon McGibbon*
+
+*   Deprecate `.reorder(nil)` with `.first` / `.first!` taking non-deterministic result.
+
+    To continue taking non-deterministic result, use `.take` / `.take!` instead.
 
     *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Support for MySQL 5.6 fractional seconds.
+*   Preserve user supplied joins order as much as possible.
 
-    *arthurnn*, *Tatsuhiko Miyagawa*
+    Fixes #36761, #34328, #24281, #12953.
 
-*   Support for PostgreSQL `citext` data type enabling case-insensitive
-   `where` values without needing to wrap in UPPER/LOWER sql functions.
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-    *Troy Kruthoff*, *Lachlan Sylvester*
+*   Allow `matches_regex` and `does_not_match_regexp` on the MySQL Arel visitor.
 
-*   Only save has_one associations if record has changes.
-    Previously after save related callbacks, such as `#after_commit`, were triggered when the has_one
-    object did not get saved to the db.
+    *James Pearson*
 
-    *Alan Kennedy*
+*   Allow specifying fixtures to be ignored by setting `ignore` in YAML file's '_fixture' section.
 
-*   Allow strings to specify the `#order` value.
+    *Tongfei Gao*
 
-    Example:
+*   Make the DATABASE_URL env variable only affect the primary connection. Add new env variables for multiple databases.
 
-        Model.order(id: 'asc').to_sql == Model.order(id: :asc).to_sql
+    *John Crepezzi*, *Eileen Uchitelle*
 
-    *Marcelo Casiraghi*, *Robin Dupret*
+*   Add a warning for enum elements with 'not_' prefix.
 
-*   Dynamically register PostgreSQL enum OIDs. This prevents "unknown OID"
-    warnings on enum columns.
+        class Foo
+          enum status: [:sent, :not_sent]
+        end
 
-    *Dieter Komendera*
+    *Edu Depetris*
 
-*   `includes` is able to detect the right preloading strategy when string
-    joins are involved.
+*   Make currency symbols optional for money column type in PostgreSQL.
 
-    Fixes #14109.
+    *Joel Schneider*
 
-    *Aaron Patterson*, *Yves Senn*
+*   Add support for beginless ranges, introduced in Ruby 2.7.
 
-*   Fix error with validation with enum fields for records where the value for
-    any enum attribute is always evaluated as 0 during uniqueness validation.
+    *Josh Goodall*
 
-    Fixes #14172.
+*   Add `database_exists?` method to connection adapters to check if a database exists.
 
-    *Vilius Luneckas* *Ahmed AbouElhamayed*
+    *Guilherme Mansur*
 
-*   `before_add` callbacks are fired before the record is saved on
-    `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations *and* on `has_many :through`
-    associations.  Before this change, `before_add` callbacks would be fired
-    before the record was saved on `has_and_belongs_to_many` associations, but
-    *not* on `has_many :through` associations.
+*   Loading the schema for a model that has no `table_name` raises a `TableNotSpecified` error.
 
-    Fixes #14144.
+    *Guilherme Mansur*, *Eugene Kenny*
 
-*   Fix STI classes not defining an attribute method if there is a conflicting
-    private method defined on its ancestors.
+*   PostgreSQL: Fix GROUP BY with ORDER BY virtual count attribute.
 
-    Fixes #11569.
+    Fixes #36022.
 
-    *Godfrey Chan*
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
 
-*   Coerce strings when reading attributes. Fixes #10485.
+*   Make ActiveRecord `ConnectionPool.connections` method thread-safe.
 
-    Example:
+    Fixes #36465.
+
+    *Jeff Doering*
+
+*   Add support for multiple databases to `rails db:abort_if_pending_migrations`.
+
+    *Mark Lee*
+
+*   Fix sqlite3 collation parsing when using decimal columns.
+
+    *Martin R. Schuster*
+
+*   Fix invalid schema when primary key column has a comment.
 
-        book = Book.new(title: 12345)
-        book.save!
-        book.title # => "12345"
+    Fixes #29966.
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-*   Deprecate half-baked support for PostgreSQL range values with excluding beginnings.
-    We currently map PostgreSQL ranges to Ruby ranges. This conversion is not fully
-    possible because the Ruby range does not support excluded beginnings.
+*   Fix table comment also being applied to the primary key column.
 
-    The current solution of incrementing the beginning is not correct and is now
-    deprecated. For subtypes where we don't know how to increment (e.g. `#succ`
-    is not defined) it will raise an `ArgumentException` for ranges with excluding
-    beginnings.
+    *Guilherme Goettems Schneider*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
+*   Allow generated `create_table` migrations to include or skip timestamps.
 
-*   Support for user created range types in PostgreSQL.
+    *Michael Duchemin*
 
-    *Yves Senn*
 
-Please check [4-1-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/4-1-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.
+Please check [6-0-stable](https://github.com/rails/rails/blob/6-0-stable/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md) for previous changes.