activerecord 3.2.22.5 → 5.2.8

data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader/through_association.rb

@@ -1,66 +1,106 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
     class Preloader
-      module ThroughAssociation #:nodoc:
-
-        def through_reflection
-          reflection.through_reflection
-        end
+      class ThroughAssociation < Association # :nodoc:
+        def run(preloader)
+          already_loaded     = owners.first.association(through_reflection.name).loaded?
+          through_scope      = through_scope()
+          reflection_scope   = target_reflection_scope
+          through_preloaders = preloader.preload(owners, through_reflection.name, through_scope)
+          middle_records     = through_preloaders.flat_map(&:preloaded_records)
+          preloaders         = preloader.preload(middle_records, source_reflection.name, reflection_scope)
+          @preloaded_records = preloaders.flat_map(&:preloaded_records)
 
-        def source_reflection
-          reflection.source_reflection
+          owners.each do |owner|
+            through_records = Array(owner.association(through_reflection.name).target)
+            if already_loaded
+              if source_type = reflection.options[:source_type]
+                through_records = through_records.select do |record|
+                  record[reflection.foreign_type] == source_type
+                end
+              end
+            else
+              owner.association(through_reflection.name).reset if through_scope
+            end
+            result = through_records.flat_map do |record|
+              association = record.association(source_reflection.name)
+              target = association.target
+              association.reset if preload_scope
+              target
+            end
+            result.compact!
+            if reflection_scope
+              result.sort_by! { |rhs| preload_index[rhs] } if reflection_scope.order_values.any?
+              result.uniq! if reflection_scope.distinct_value
+            end
+            associate_records_to_owner(owner, result)
+          end
         end
 
-        def associated_records_by_owner
-          through_records = through_records_by_owner
+        private
+          def through_reflection
+            reflection.through_reflection
+          end
 
-          ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader.new(
-            through_records.values.flatten,
-            source_reflection.name, options
-          ).run
+          def source_reflection
+            reflection.source_reflection
+          end
 
-          through_records.each do |owner, records|
-            records.map! { |r| r.send(source_reflection.name) }.flatten!
-            records.compact!
+          def preload_index
+            @preload_index ||= @preloaded_records.each_with_object({}).with_index do |(id, result), index|
+              result[id] = index
+            end
           end
-        end
 
-        private
+          def through_scope
+            scope = through_reflection.klass.unscoped
+            options = reflection.options
 
-        def through_records_by_owner
-          ActiveRecord::Associations::Preloader.new(
-            owners, through_reflection.name,
-            through_options
-          ).run
+            if options[:source_type]
+              scope.where! reflection.foreign_type => options[:source_type]
+            elsif !reflection_scope.where_clause.empty?
+              scope.where_clause = reflection_scope.where_clause
+              values = reflection_scope.values
 
-          Hash[owners.map do |owner|
-            through_records = Array.wrap(owner.send(through_reflection.name))
+              if includes = values[:includes]
+                scope.includes!(source_reflection.name => includes)
+              else
+                scope.includes!(source_reflection.name)
+              end
 
-            # Dont cache the association - we would only be caching a subset
-            if (preload_options != through_options) ||
-               (reflection.options[:source_type] && through_reflection.collection?)
-              owner.association(through_reflection.name).reset
-            end
+              if values[:references] && !values[:references].empty?
+                scope.references!(values[:references])
+              else
+                scope.references!(source_reflection.table_name)
+              end
 
-            [owner, through_records]
-          end]
-        end
+              if joins = values[:joins]
+                scope.joins!(source_reflection.name => joins)
+              end
 
-        def through_options
-          through_options = {}
+              if left_outer_joins = values[:left_outer_joins]
+                scope.left_outer_joins!(source_reflection.name => left_outer_joins)
+              end
 
-          if options[:source_type]
-            through_options[:conditions] = { reflection.foreign_type => options[:source_type] }
-          else
-            if options[:conditions]
-              through_options[:include]    = options[:include] || options[:source]
-              through_options[:conditions] = options[:conditions]
+              if scope.eager_loading? && order_values = values[:order]
+                scope = scope.order(order_values)
+              end
             end
-            through_options[:order] = options[:order] if options.has_key?(:order)
+
+            scope unless scope.empty_scope?
           end
 
-          through_options
-        end
+          def target_reflection_scope
+            if preload_scope
+              reflection_scope.merge(preload_scope)
+            elsif reflection.scope
+              reflection_scope
+            else
+              nil
+            end
+          end
       end
     end
   end

data/lib/active_record/associations/preloader.rb

@@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
     # Implements the details of eager loading of Active Record associations.
     #
-    # Note that 'eager loading' and 'preloading' are actually the same thing.
-    # However, there are two different eager loading strategies.
+    # Suppose that you have the following two Active Record models:
+    #
+    #   class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     # columns: name, age
+    #     has_many :books
+    #   end
+    #
+    #   class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
+    #     # columns: title, sales, author_id
+    #   end
+    #
+    # When you load an author with all associated books Active Record will make
+    # multiple queries like this:
     #
-    # The first one is by using table joins. This was only strategy available
-    # prior to Rails 2.1. Suppose that you have an Author model with columns
-    # 'name' and 'age', and a Book model with columns 'name' and 'sales'. Using
-    # this strategy, Active Record would try to retrieve all data for an author
-    # and all of its books via a single query:
+    #   Author.includes(:books).where(name: ['bell hooks', 'Homer']).to_a
     #
-    #   SELECT * FROM authors
-    #   LEFT OUTER JOIN books ON authors.id = books.id
-    #   WHERE authors.name = 'Ken Akamatsu'
+    #   => SELECT `authors`.* FROM `authors` WHERE `name` IN ('bell hooks', 'Homer')
+    #   => SELECT `books`.* FROM `books` WHERE `author_id` IN (2, 5)
     #
-    # However, this could result in many rows that contain redundant data. After
-    # having received the first row, we already have enough data to instantiate
-    # the Author object. In all subsequent rows, only the data for the joined
-    # 'books' table is useful; the joined 'authors' data is just redundant, and
-    # processing this redundant data takes memory and CPU time. The problem
-    # quickly becomes worse and worse as the level of eager loading increases
-    # (i.e. if Active Record is to eager load the associations' associations as
-    # well).
+    # Active Record saves the ids of the records from the first query to use in
+    # the second. Depending on the number of associations involved there can be
+    # arbitrarily many SQL queries made.
+    #
+    # However, if there is a WHERE clause that spans across tables Active
+    # Record will fall back to a slightly more resource-intensive single query:
+    #
+    #   Author.includes(:books).where(books: {title: 'Illiad'}).to_a
+    #   => SELECT `authors`.`id` AS t0_r0, `authors`.`name` AS t0_r1, `authors`.`age` AS t0_r2,
+    #             `books`.`id`   AS t1_r0, `books`.`title`  AS t1_r1, `books`.`sales` AS t1_r2
+    #      FROM `authors`
+    #      LEFT OUTER JOIN `books` ON `authors`.`id` =  `books`.`author_id`
+    #      WHERE `books`.`title` = 'Illiad'
+    #
+    # This could result in many rows that contain redundant data and it performs poorly at scale
+    # and is therefore only used when necessary.
     #
-    # The second strategy is to use multiple database queries, one for each
-    # level of association. Since Rails 2.1, this is the default strategy. In
-    # situations where a table join is necessary (e.g. when the +:conditions+
-    # option references an association's column), it will fallback to the table
-    # join strategy.
     class Preloader #:nodoc:
       extend ActiveSupport::Autoload
 
       eager_autoload do
-        autoload :Association,           'active_record/associations/preloader/association'
-        autoload :SingularAssociation,   'active_record/associations/preloader/singular_association'
-        autoload :CollectionAssociation, 'active_record/associations/preloader/collection_association'
-        autoload :ThroughAssociation,    'active_record/associations/preloader/through_association'
-
-        autoload :HasMany,             'active_record/associations/preloader/has_many'
-        autoload :HasManyThrough,      'active_record/associations/preloader/has_many_through'
-        autoload :HasOne,              'active_record/associations/preloader/has_one'
-        autoload :HasOneThrough,       'active_record/associations/preloader/has_one_through'
-        autoload :HasAndBelongsToMany, 'active_record/associations/preloader/has_and_belongs_to_many'
-        autoload :BelongsTo,           'active_record/associations/preloader/belongs_to'
+        autoload :Association,        "active_record/associations/preloader/association"
+        autoload :ThroughAssociation, "active_record/associations/preloader/through_association"
       end
 
-      attr_reader :records, :associations, :options, :model
-
       # Eager loads the named associations for the given Active Record record(s).
       #
       # In this description, 'association name' shall refer to the name passed
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #   books.
       # - a Hash which specifies multiple association names, as well as
       #   association names for the to-be-preloaded association objects. For
-      #   example, specifying <tt>{ :author => :avatar }</tt> will preload a
+      #   example, specifying <tt>{ author: :avatar }</tt> will preload a
       #   book's author, as well as that author's avatar.
       #
       # +:associations+ has the same format as the +:include+ option for
@@ -80,102 +80,114 @@ module ActiveRecord
       #
       #   :books
       #   [ :books, :author ]
-      #   { :author => :avatar }
-      #   [ :books, { :author => :avatar } ]
-      #
-      # +options+ contains options that will be passed to ActiveRecord::Base#find
-      # (which is called under the hood for preloading records). But it is passed
-      # only one level deep in the +associations+ argument, i.e. it's not passed
-      # to the child associations when +associations+ is a Hash.
-      def initialize(records, associations, options = {})
-        @records      = Array.wrap(records).compact.uniq
-        @associations = Array.wrap(associations)
-        @options      = options
-      end
+      #   { author: :avatar }
+      #   [ :books, { author: :avatar } ]
+      def preload(records, associations, preload_scope = nil)
+        records = Array.wrap(records).compact
 
-      def run
-        unless records.empty?
-          associations.each { |association| preload(association) }
+        if records.empty?
+          []
+        else
+          records.uniq!
+          Array.wrap(associations).flat_map { |association|
+            preloaders_on association, records, preload_scope
+          }
         end
       end
 
       private
 
-      def preload(association)
-        case association
-        when Hash
-          preload_hash(association)
-        when String, Symbol
-          preload_one(association.to_sym)
-        else
-          raise ArgumentError, "#{association.inspect} was not recognised for preload"
+        # Loads all the given data into +records+ for the +association+.
+        def preloaders_on(association, records, scope)
+          case association
+          when Hash
+            preloaders_for_hash(association, records, scope)
+          when Symbol
+            preloaders_for_one(association, records, scope)
+          when String
+            preloaders_for_one(association.to_sym, records, scope)
+          else
+            raise ArgumentError, "#{association.inspect} was not recognized for preload"
+          end
         end
-      end
 
-      def preload_hash(association)
-        association.each do |parent, child|
-          Preloader.new(records, parent, options).run
-          Preloader.new(records.map { |record| record.send(parent) }.flatten, child).run
+        def preloaders_for_hash(association, records, scope)
+          association.flat_map { |parent, child|
+            loaders = preloaders_for_one parent, records, scope
+
+            recs = loaders.flat_map(&:preloaded_records).uniq
+            loaders.concat Array.wrap(child).flat_map { |assoc|
+              preloaders_on assoc, recs, scope
+            }
+            loaders
+          }
         end
-      end
 
-      # Not all records have the same class, so group then preload group on the reflection
-      # itself so that if various subclass share the same association then we do not split
-      # them unnecessarily
-      #
-      # Additionally, polymorphic belongs_to associations can have multiple associated
-      # classes, depending on the polymorphic_type field. So we group by the classes as
-      # well.
-      def preload_one(association)
-        grouped_records(association).each do |reflection, klasses|
-          klasses.each do |klass, records|
-            preloader_for(reflection).new(klass, records, reflection, options).run
+        # Loads all the given data into +records+ for a singular +association+.
+        #
+        # Functions by instantiating a preloader class such as Preloader::HasManyThrough and
+        # call the +run+ method for each passed in class in the +records+ argument.
+        #
+        # Not all records have the same class, so group then preload group on the reflection
+        # itself so that if various subclass share the same association then we do not split
+        # them unnecessarily
+        #
+        # Additionally, polymorphic belongs_to associations can have multiple associated
+        # classes, depending on the polymorphic_type field. So we group by the classes as
+        # well.
+        def preloaders_for_one(association, records, scope)
+          grouped_records(association, records).flat_map do |reflection, klasses|
+            klasses.map do |rhs_klass, rs|
+              loader = preloader_for(reflection, rs).new(rhs_klass, rs, reflection, scope)
+              loader.run self
+              loader
+            end
           end
         end
-      end
 
-      def grouped_records(association)
-        Hash[
-          records_by_reflection(association).map do |reflection, records|
-            [reflection, records.group_by { |record| association_klass(reflection, record) }]
+        def grouped_records(association, records)
+          h = {}
+          records.each do |record|
+            next unless record
+            assoc = record.association(association)
+            next unless assoc.klass
+            klasses = h[assoc.reflection] ||= {}
+            (klasses[assoc.klass] ||= []) << record
+          end
+          h
+        end
+
+        class AlreadyLoaded # :nodoc:
+          def initialize(klass, owners, reflection, preload_scope)
+            @owners = owners
+            @reflection = reflection
           end
-        ]
-      end
 
-      def records_by_reflection(association)
-        records.group_by do |record|
-          reflection = record.class.reflections[association]
+          def run(preloader); end
 
-          unless reflection
-            raise ActiveRecord::ConfigurationError, "Association named '#{association}' was not found; " \
-                                                    "perhaps you misspelled it?"
+          def preloaded_records
+            owners.flat_map { |owner| owner.association(reflection.name).target }
           end
 
-          reflection
+          protected
+            attr_reader :owners, :reflection
         end
-      end
 
-      def association_klass(reflection, record)
-        if reflection.macro == :belongs_to && reflection.options[:polymorphic]
-          klass = record.send(reflection.foreign_type)
-          klass && klass.constantize
-        else
-          reflection.klass
-        end
-      end
+        # Returns a class containing the logic needed to load preload the data
+        # and attach it to a relation. The class returned implements a `run` method
+        # that accepts a preloader.
+        def preloader_for(reflection, owners)
+          if owners.all? { |o| o.association(reflection.name).loaded? }
+            return AlreadyLoaded
+          end
+          reflection.check_preloadable!
 
-      def preloader_for(reflection)
-        case reflection.macro
-        when :has_many
-          reflection.options[:through] ? HasManyThrough : HasMany
-        when :has_one
-          reflection.options[:through] ? HasOneThrough : HasOne
-        when :has_and_belongs_to_many
-          HasAndBelongsToMany
-        when :belongs_to
-          BelongsTo
+          if reflection.options[:through]
+            ThroughAssociation
+          else
+            Association
+          end
         end
-      end
     end
   end
 end

data/lib/active_record/associations/singular_association.rb

@@ -1,48 +1,58 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
 module ActiveRecord
   module Associations
     class SingularAssociation < Association #:nodoc:
       # Implements the reader method, e.g. foo.bar for Foo.has_one :bar
-      def reader(force_reload = false)
-        if force_reload
-          klass.uncached { reload }
-        elsif !loaded? || stale_target?
+      def reader
+        if !loaded? || stale_target?
           reload
         end
 
         target
       end
 
-      # Implements the writer method, e.g. foo.items= for Foo.has_many :items
+      # Implements the writer method, e.g. foo.bar= for Foo.belongs_to :bar
       def writer(record)
         replace(record)
       end
 
-      def create(attributes = {}, options = {}, &block)
-        create_record(attributes, options, &block)
-      end
-
-      def create!(attributes = {}, options = {}, &block)
-        create_record(attributes, options, true, &block)
-      end
-
-      def build(attributes = {}, options = {})
-        record = build_record(attributes, options)
-        yield(record) if block_given?
+      def build(attributes = {}, &block)
+        record = build_record(attributes, &block)
         set_new_record(record)
         record
       end
 
-      private
+      # Implements the reload reader method, e.g. foo.reload_bar for
+      # Foo.has_one :bar
+      def force_reload_reader
+        klass.uncached { reload }
+        target
+      end
 
-        def create_scope
-          scoped.scope_for_create.stringify_keys.except(klass.primary_key)
+      private
+        def scope_for_create
+          super.except!(klass.primary_key)
         end
 
         def find_target
-          scoped.first.tap { |record| set_inverse_instance(record) }
+          scope = self.scope
+          return scope.take if skip_statement_cache?(scope)
+
+          conn = klass.connection
+          sc = reflection.association_scope_cache(conn, owner) do |params|
+            as = AssociationScope.create { params.bind }
+            target_scope.merge!(as.scope(self)).limit(1)
+          end
+
+          binds = AssociationScope.get_bind_values(owner, reflection.chain)
+          sc.execute(binds, conn) do |record|
+            set_inverse_instance record
+          end.first
+        rescue ::RangeError
+          nil
         end
 
-        # Implemented by subclasses
         def replace(record)
           raise NotImplementedError, "Subclasses must implement a replace(record) method"
         end
@@ -51,9 +61,8 @@ module ActiveRecord
           replace(record)
         end
 
-        def create_record(attributes, options, raise_error = false)
-          record = build_record(attributes, options)
-          yield(record) if block_given?
+        def _create_record(attributes, raise_error = false, &block)
+          record = build_record(attributes, &block)
           saved = record.save
           set_new_record(record)
           raise RecordInvalid.new(record) if !saved && raise_error