activerecord 2.3.18 → 3.0.0.beta

data/lib/active_record/railties/subscriber.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Railties
+    class Subscriber < Rails::Subscriber
+      def sql(event)
+        name = '%s (%.1fms)' % [event.payload[:name], event.duration]
+        sql  = event.payload[:sql].squeeze(' ')
+
+        if odd?
+          name = color(name, :cyan, true)
+          sql  = color(sql, nil, true)
+        else
+          name = color(name, :magenta, true)
+        end
+
+        debug "  #{name}  #{sql}"
+      end
+
+      def odd?
+        @odd_or_even = !@odd_or_even
+      end
+
+      def logger
+        ActiveRecord::Base.logger
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/reflection.rb

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 module ActiveRecord
   module Reflection # :nodoc:
-    def self.included(base)
-      base.extend(ClassMethods)
-    end
+    extend ActiveSupport::Concern
 
     # Reflection allows you to interrogate Active Record classes and objects about their associations and aggregations.
     # This information can, for example, be used in a form builder that took an Active Record object and created input
@@ -18,7 +16,7 @@ module ActiveRecord
           when :composed_of
             reflection = AggregateReflection.new(macro, name, options, active_record)
         end
-        write_inheritable_hiwa :reflections, name => reflection
+        write_inheritable_hash :reflections, name => reflection
         reflection
       end
 
@@ -277,17 +275,6 @@ module ActiveRecord
         !options[:validate].nil? ? options[:validate] : (options[:autosave] == true || macro == :has_many)
       end
 
-      def dependent_conditions(record, base_class, extra_conditions)
-        dependent_conditions = []
-        dependent_conditions << "#{primary_key_name} = #{record.send(name).send(:owner_quoted_id)}"
-        dependent_conditions << "#{options[:as]}_type = '#{base_class.name}'" if options[:as]
-        dependent_conditions << klass.send(:sanitize_sql, options[:conditions]) if options[:conditions]
-        dependent_conditions = dependent_conditions.collect {|where| "(#{where})" }.join(" AND ")
-        dependent_conditions << extra_conditions if extra_conditions
-        dependent_conditions = dependent_conditions.gsub('@', '\@')
-        dependent_conditions
-      end
-
       private
         def derive_class_name
           class_name = name.to_s.camelize

data/lib/active_record/relation.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  class Relation
+    JoinOperation = Struct.new(:relation, :join_class, :on)
+    ASSOCIATION_METHODS = [:includes, :eager_load, :preload]
+    MULTI_VALUE_METHODS = [:select, :group, :order, :joins, :where, :having]
+    SINGLE_VALUE_METHODS = [:limit, :offset, :lock, :readonly, :create_with, :from]
+
+    include FinderMethods, Calculations, SpawnMethods, QueryMethods
+
+    delegate :length, :collect, :map, :each, :all?, :include?, :to => :to_a
+    delegate :insert, :to => :arel
+
+    attr_reader :table, :klass
+
+    def initialize(klass, table)
+      @klass, @table = klass, table
+      (ASSOCIATION_METHODS + MULTI_VALUE_METHODS).each {|v| instance_variable_set(:"@#{v}_values", [])}
+    end
+
+    def new(*args, &block)
+      with_create_scope { @klass.new(*args, &block) }
+    end
+
+    alias build new
+
+    def create(*args, &block)
+      with_create_scope { @klass.create(*args, &block) }
+    end
+
+    def create!(*args, &block)
+      with_create_scope { @klass.create!(*args, &block) }
+    end
+
+    def respond_to?(method, include_private = false)
+      return true if arel.respond_to?(method, include_private) || Array.method_defined?(method) || @klass.respond_to?(method, include_private)
+
+      if match = DynamicFinderMatch.match(method)
+        return true if @klass.send(:all_attributes_exists?, match.attribute_names)
+      elsif match = DynamicScopeMatch.match(method)
+        return true if @klass.send(:all_attributes_exists?, match.attribute_names)
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    def to_a
+      return @records if loaded?
+
+      @records = eager_loading? ? find_with_associations : @klass.find_by_sql(arel.to_sql)
+
+      preload = @preload_values
+      preload +=  @includes_values unless eager_loading?
+      preload.each {|associations| @klass.send(:preload_associations, @records, associations) } 
+
+      # @readonly_value is true only if set explicity. @implicit_readonly is true if there are JOINS and no explicit SELECT.
+      readonly = @readonly_value.nil? ? @implicit_readonly : @readonly_value
+      @records.each { |record| record.readonly! } if readonly
+
+      @loaded = true
+      @records
+    end
+
+    def size
+      loaded? ? @records.length : count
+    end
+
+    def empty?
+      loaded? ? @records.empty? : count.zero?
+    end
+
+    def any?
+      if block_given?
+        to_a.any? { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) }
+      else
+        !empty?
+      end
+    end
+
+    def many?
+      if block_given?
+        to_a.many? { |*block_args| yield(*block_args) }
+      else
+        @limit_value.present? ? to_a.many? : size > 1
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Updates all records with details given if they match a set of conditions supplied, limits and order can
+    # also be supplied. This method constructs a single SQL UPDATE statement and sends it straight to the
+    # database. It does not instantiate the involved models and it does not trigger Active Record callbacks
+    # or validations.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    #
+    # * +updates+ - A string, array, or hash representing the SET part of an SQL statement.
+    # * +conditions+ - A string, array, or hash representing the WHERE part of an SQL statement. See conditions in the intro.
+    # * +options+ - Additional options are <tt>:limit</tt> and <tt>:order</tt>, see the examples for usage.
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #
+    #   # Update all customers with the given attributes
+    #   Customer.update_all :wants_email => true
+    #
+    #   # Update all books with 'Rails' in their title
+    #   Book.update_all "author = 'David'", "title LIKE '%Rails%'"
+    #
+    #   # Update all avatars migrated more than a week ago
+    #   Avatar.update_all ['migrated_at = ?', Time.now.utc], ['migrated_at > ?', 1.week.ago]
+    #
+    #   # Update all books that match our conditions, but limit it to 5 ordered by date
+    #   Book.update_all "author = 'David'", "title LIKE '%Rails%'", :order => 'created_at', :limit => 5
+    def update_all(updates, conditions = nil, options = {})
+      if conditions || options.present?
+        where(conditions).apply_finder_options(options.slice(:limit, :order)).update_all(updates)
+      else
+        # Apply limit and order only if they're both present
+        if @limit_value.present? == @order_values.present?
+          arel.update(@klass.send(:sanitize_sql_for_assignment, updates))
+        else
+          except(:limit, :order).update_all(updates)
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Updates an object (or multiple objects) and saves it to the database, if validations pass.
+    # The resulting object is returned whether the object was saved successfully to the database or not.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    #
+    # * +id+ - This should be the id or an array of ids to be updated.
+    # * +attributes+ - This should be a hash of attributes to be set on the object, or an array of hashes.
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #
+    #   # Updating one record:
+    #   Person.update(15, :user_name => 'Samuel', :group => 'expert')
+    #
+    #   # Updating multiple records:
+    #   people = { 1 => { "first_name" => "David" }, 2 => { "first_name" => "Jeremy" } }
+    #   Person.update(people.keys, people.values)
+    def update(id, attributes)
+      if id.is_a?(Array)
+        idx = -1
+        id.collect { |one_id| idx += 1; update(one_id, attributes[idx]) }
+      else
+        object = find(id)
+        object.update_attributes(attributes)
+        object
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Destroys the records matching +conditions+ by instantiating each
+    # record and calling its +destroy+ method. Each object's callbacks are
+    # executed (including <tt>:dependent</tt> association options and
+    # +before_destroy+/+after_destroy+ Observer methods). Returns the
+    # collection of objects that were destroyed; each will be frozen, to
+    # reflect that no changes should be made (since they can't be
+    # persisted).
+    #
+    # Note: Instantiation, callback execution, and deletion of each
+    # record can be time consuming when you're removing many records at
+    # once. It generates at least one SQL +DELETE+ query per record (or
+    # possibly more, to enforce your callbacks). If you want to delete many
+    # rows quickly, without concern for their associations or callbacks, use
+    # +delete_all+ instead.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    #
+    # * +conditions+ - A string, array, or hash that specifies which records
+    #   to destroy. If omitted, all records are destroyed. See the
+    #   Conditions section in the introduction to ActiveRecord::Base for
+    #   more information.
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #
+    #   Person.destroy_all("last_login < '2004-04-04'")
+    #   Person.destroy_all(:status => "inactive")
+    def destroy_all(conditions = nil)
+      if conditions
+        where(conditions).destroy_all
+      else
+        to_a.each {|object| object.destroy}
+        reset
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Destroy an object (or multiple objects) that has the given id, the object is instantiated first,
+    # therefore all callbacks and filters are fired off before the object is deleted.  This method is
+    # less efficient than ActiveRecord#delete but allows cleanup methods and other actions to be run.
+    #
+    # This essentially finds the object (or multiple objects) with the given id, creates a new object
+    # from the attributes, and then calls destroy on it.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    #
+    # * +id+ - Can be either an Integer or an Array of Integers.
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #
+    #   # Destroy a single object
+    #   Todo.destroy(1)
+    #
+    #   # Destroy multiple objects
+    #   todos = [1,2,3]
+    #   Todo.destroy(todos)
+    def destroy(id)
+      if id.is_a?(Array)
+        id.map { |one_id| destroy(one_id) }
+      else
+        find(id).destroy
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Deletes the records matching +conditions+ without instantiating the records first, and hence not
+    # calling the +destroy+ method nor invoking callbacks. This is a single SQL DELETE statement that
+    # goes straight to the database, much more efficient than +destroy_all+. Be careful with relations
+    # though, in particular <tt>:dependent</tt> rules defined on associations are not honored.  Returns
+    # the number of rows affected.
+    #
+    # ==== Parameters
+    #
+    # * +conditions+ - Conditions are specified the same way as with +find+ method.
+    #
+    # ==== Example
+    #
+    #   Post.delete_all("person_id = 5 AND (category = 'Something' OR category = 'Else')")
+    #   Post.delete_all(["person_id = ? AND (category = ? OR category = ?)", 5, 'Something', 'Else'])
+    #
+    # Both calls delete the affected posts all at once with a single DELETE statement. If you need to destroy dependent
+    # associations or call your <tt>before_*</tt> or +after_destroy+ callbacks, use the +destroy_all+ method instead.
+    def delete_all(conditions = nil)
+      conditions ? where(conditions).delete_all : arel.delete.tap { reset }
+    end
+
+    # Deletes the row with a primary key matching the +id+ argument, using a
+    # SQL +DELETE+ statement, and returns the number of rows deleted. Active
+    # Record objects are not instantiated, so the object's callbacks are not
+    # executed, including any <tt>:dependent</tt> association options or
+    # Observer methods.
+    #
+    # You can delete multiple rows at once by passing an Array of <tt>id</tt>s.
+    #
+    # Note: Although it is often much faster than the alternative,
+    # <tt>#destroy</tt>, skipping callbacks might bypass business logic in
+    # your application that ensures referential integrity or performs other
+    # essential jobs.
+    #
+    # ==== Examples
+    #
+    #   # Delete a single row
+    #   Todo.delete(1)
+    #
+    #   # Delete multiple rows
+    #   Todo.delete([2,3,4])
+    def delete(id_or_array)
+      where(@klass.primary_key => id_or_array).delete_all
+    end
+
+    def loaded?
+      @loaded
+    end
+
+    def reload
+      reset
+      to_a # force reload
+      self
+    end
+
+    def reset
+      @first = @last = @to_sql = @order_clause = @scope_for_create = @arel = @loaded = nil
+      @should_eager_load = @join_dependency = nil
+      @records = []
+      self
+    end
+
+    def primary_key
+      @primary_key ||= table[@klass.primary_key]
+    end
+
+    def to_sql
+      @to_sql ||= arel.to_sql
+    end
+
+    def scope_for_create
+      @scope_for_create ||= begin
+        @create_with_value || @where_values.inject({}) do |hash, where|
+          if where.is_a?(Arel::Predicates::Equality)
+            hash[where.operand1.name] = where.operand2.respond_to?(:value) ? where.operand2.value : where.operand2
+          end
+
+          hash
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    def eager_loading?
+      @should_eager_load ||= (@eager_load_values.any? || (@includes_values.any? && references_eager_loaded_tables?))
+    end
+
+    protected
+
+    def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
+      if Array.method_defined?(method)
+        to_a.send(method, *args, &block)
+      elsif @klass.respond_to?(method)
+        @klass.send(:with_scope, self) { @klass.send(method, *args, &block) }
+      elsif arel.respond_to?(method)
+        arel.send(method, *args, &block)
+      elsif match = DynamicFinderMatch.match(method)
+        attributes = match.attribute_names
+        super unless @klass.send(:all_attributes_exists?, attributes)
+
+        if match.finder?
+          find_by_attributes(match, attributes, *args)
+        elsif match.instantiator?
+          find_or_instantiator_by_attributes(match, attributes, *args, &block)
+        end
+      else
+        super
+      end
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def with_create_scope
+      @klass.send(:with_scope, :create => scope_for_create, :find => {}) { yield }
+    end
+
+    def references_eager_loaded_tables?
+      joined_tables = (tables_in_string(arel.joins(arel)) + [table.name, table.table_alias]).compact.uniq
+      (tables_in_string(to_sql) - joined_tables).any?
+    end
+
+    def tables_in_string(string)
+      return [] if string.blank?
+      string.scan(/([a-zA-Z_][\.\w]+).?\./).flatten.uniq
+    end
+
+  end
+end

data/lib/active_record/relation/calculations.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+module ActiveRecord
+  module Calculations
+    # Count operates using three different approaches.
+    #
+    # * Count all: By not passing any parameters to count, it will return a count of all the rows for the model.
+    # * Count using column: By passing a column name to count, it will return a count of all the rows for the model with supplied column present
+    # * Count using options will find the row count matched by the options used.
+    #
+    # The third approach, count using options, accepts an option hash as the only parameter. The options are:
+    #
+    # * <tt>:conditions</tt>: An SQL fragment like "administrator = 1" or [ "user_name = ?", username ]. See conditions in the intro to ActiveRecord::Base.
+    # * <tt>:joins</tt>: Either an SQL fragment for additional joins like "LEFT JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = id" (rarely needed)
+    #   or named associations in the same form used for the <tt>:include</tt> option, which will perform an INNER JOIN on the associated table(s).
+    #   If the value is a string, then the records will be returned read-only since they will have attributes that do not correspond to the table's columns.
+    #   Pass <tt>:readonly => false</tt> to override.
+    # * <tt>:include</tt>: Named associations that should be loaded alongside using LEFT OUTER JOINs. The symbols named refer
+    #   to already defined associations. When using named associations, count returns the number of DISTINCT items for the model you're counting.
+    #   See eager loading under Associations.
+    # * <tt>:order</tt>: An SQL fragment like "created_at DESC, name" (really only used with GROUP BY calculations).
+    # * <tt>:group</tt>: An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the GROUP BY SQL-clause.
+    # * <tt>:select</tt>: By default, this is * as in SELECT * FROM, but can be changed if you, for example, want to do a join but not
+    #   include the joined columns.
+    # * <tt>:distinct</tt>: Set this to true to make this a distinct calculation, such as SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT posts.id) ...
+    # * <tt>:from</tt> - By default, this is the table name of the class, but can be changed to an alternate table name (or even the name
+    #   of a database view).
+    #
+    # Examples for counting all:
+    #   Person.count         # returns the total count of all people
+    #
+    # Examples for counting by column:
+    #   Person.count(:age)  # returns the total count of all people whose age is present in database
+    #
+    # Examples for count with options:
+    #   Person.count(:conditions => "age > 26")
+    #   Person.count(:conditions => "age > 26 AND job.salary > 60000", :include => :job) # because of the named association, it finds the DISTINCT count using LEFT OUTER JOIN.
+    #   Person.count(:conditions => "age > 26 AND job.salary > 60000", :joins => "LEFT JOIN jobs on jobs.person_id = person.id") # finds the number of rows matching the conditions and joins.
+    #   Person.count('id', :conditions => "age > 26") # Performs a COUNT(id)
+    #   Person.count(:all, :conditions => "age > 26") # Performs a COUNT(*) (:all is an alias for '*')
+    #
+    # Note: <tt>Person.count(:all)</tt> will not work because it will use <tt>:all</tt> as the condition.  Use Person.count instead.
+    def count(column_name = nil, options = {})
+      column_name, options = nil, column_name if column_name.is_a?(Hash)
+      calculate(:count, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the average value on a given column. The value is returned as
+    # a float, or +nil+ if there's no row. See +calculate+ for examples with
+    # options.
+    #
+    #   Person.average('age') # => 35.8
+    def average(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:average, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the minimum value on a given column.  The value is returned
+    # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See
+    # +calculate+ for examples with options.
+    #
+    #   Person.minimum('age') # => 7
+    def minimum(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:minimum, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the maximum value on a given column. The value is returned
+    # with the same data type of the column, or +nil+ if there's no row. See
+    # +calculate+ for examples with options.
+    #
+    #   Person.maximum('age') # => 93
+    def maximum(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:maximum, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # Calculates the sum of values on a given column. The value is returned
+    # with the same data type of the column, 0 if there's no row. See
+    # +calculate+ for examples with options.
+    #
+    #   Person.sum('age') # => 4562
+    def sum(column_name, options = {})
+      calculate(:sum, column_name, options)
+    end
+
+    # This calculates aggregate values in the given column.  Methods for count, sum, average, minimum, and maximum have been added as shortcuts.
+    # Options such as <tt>:conditions</tt>, <tt>:order</tt>, <tt>:group</tt>, <tt>:having</tt>, and <tt>:joins</tt> can be passed to customize the query.
+    #
+    # There are two basic forms of output:
+    #   * Single aggregate value: The single value is type cast to Fixnum for COUNT, Float for AVG, and the given column's type for everything else.
+    #   * Grouped values: This returns an ordered hash of the values and groups them by the <tt>:group</tt> option.  It takes either a column name, or the name
+    #     of a belongs_to association.
+    #
+    #       values = Person.maximum(:age, :group => 'last_name')
+    #       puts values["Drake"]
+    #       => 43
+    #
+    #       drake  = Family.find_by_last_name('Drake')
+    #       values = Person.maximum(:age, :group => :family) # Person belongs_to :family
+    #       puts values[drake]
+    #       => 43
+    #
+    #       values.each do |family, max_age|
+    #       ...
+    #       end
+    #
+    # Options:
+    # * <tt>:conditions</tt> - An SQL fragment like "administrator = 1" or [ "user_name = ?", username ]. See conditions in the intro to ActiveRecord::Base.
+    # * <tt>:include</tt>: Eager loading, see Associations for details.  Since calculations don't load anything, the purpose of this is to access fields on joined tables in your conditions, order, or group clauses.
+    # * <tt>:joins</tt> - An SQL fragment for additional joins like "LEFT JOIN comments ON comments.post_id = id". (Rarely needed).
+    #   The records will be returned read-only since they will have attributes that do not correspond to the table's columns.
+    # * <tt>:order</tt> - An SQL fragment like "created_at DESC, name" (really only used with GROUP BY calculations).
+    # * <tt>:group</tt> - An attribute name by which the result should be grouped. Uses the GROUP BY SQL-clause.
+    # * <tt>:select</tt> - By default, this is * as in SELECT * FROM, but can be changed if you for example want to do a join, but not
+    #   include the joined columns.
+    # * <tt>:distinct</tt> - Set this to true to make this a distinct calculation, such as SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT posts.id) ...
+    #
+    # Examples:
+    #   Person.calculate(:count, :all) # The same as Person.count
+    #   Person.average(:age) # SELECT AVG(age) FROM people...
+    #   Person.minimum(:age, :conditions => ['last_name != ?', 'Drake']) # Selects the minimum age for everyone with a last name other than 'Drake'
+    #   Person.minimum(:age, :having => 'min(age) > 17', :group => :last_name) # Selects the minimum age for any family without any minors
+    #   Person.sum("2 * age")
+    def calculate(operation, column_name, options = {})
+      if options.except(:distinct).present?
+        apply_finder_options(options.except(:distinct)).calculate(operation, column_name, :distinct => options[:distinct])
+      else
+        if eager_loading? || includes_values.present?
+          construct_relation_for_association_calculations.calculate(operation, column_name, options)
+        else
+          perform_calculation(operation, column_name, options)
+        end
+      end
+    rescue ThrowResult
+      0
+    end
+
+    private
+
+    def perform_calculation(operation, column_name, options = {})
+      operation = operation.to_s.downcase
+
+      if operation == "count"
+        column_name ||= (select_for_count || :all)
+
+        joins = arel.joins(arel)
+        if joins.present? && joins =~ /LEFT OUTER/i
+          distinct = true
+          column_name = @klass.primary_key if column_name == :all
+        end
+
+        distinct = nil if column_name.to_s =~ /\s*DISTINCT\s+/i
+        distinct ||= options[:distinct]
+      else
+        distinct = nil
+      end
+
+      distinct = options[:distinct] || distinct
+      column_name = :all if column_name.blank? && operation == "count"
+
+      if @group_values.any?
+        return execute_grouped_calculation(operation, column_name)
+      else
+        return execute_simple_calculation(operation, column_name, distinct)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def execute_simple_calculation(operation, column_name, distinct) #:nodoc:
+      column = if @klass.column_names.include?(column_name.to_s)
+        Arel::Attribute.new(@klass.unscoped, column_name)
+      else
+        Arel::SqlLiteral.new(column_name == :all ? "*" : column_name.to_s)
+      end
+
+      # Postgresql doesn't like ORDER BY when there are no GROUP BY
+      relation = except(:order).select(operation == 'count' ? column.count(distinct) : column.send(operation))
+      type_cast_calculated_value(@klass.connection.select_value(relation.to_sql), column_for(column_name), operation)
+    end
+
+    def execute_grouped_calculation(operation, column_name) #:nodoc:
+      group_attr      = @group_values.first
+      association     = @klass.reflect_on_association(group_attr.to_sym)
+      associated      = association && association.macro == :belongs_to # only count belongs_to associations
+      group_field     = associated ? association.primary_key_name : group_attr
+      group_alias     = column_alias_for(group_field)
+      group_column    = column_for(group_field)
+
+      group = @klass.connection.adapter_name == 'FrontBase' ? group_alias : group_field
+
+      aggregate_alias = column_alias_for(operation, column_name)
+
+      select_statement = if operation == 'count' && column_name == :all
+        "COUNT(*) AS count_all"
+      else
+        Arel::Attribute.new(@klass.unscoped, column_name).send(operation).as(aggregate_alias).to_sql
+      end
+
+      select_statement <<  ", #{group_field} AS #{group_alias}"
+
+      relation = select(select_statement).group(group)
+
+      calculated_data = @klass.connection.select_all(relation.to_sql)
+
+      if association
+        key_ids     = calculated_data.collect { |row| row[group_alias] }
+        key_records = association.klass.base_class.find(key_ids)
+        key_records = key_records.inject({}) { |hsh, r| hsh.merge(r.id => r) }
+      end
+
+      calculated_data.inject(ActiveSupport::OrderedHash.new) do |all, row|
+        key   = type_cast_calculated_value(row[group_alias], group_column)
+        key   = key_records[key] if associated
+        value = row[aggregate_alias]
+        all[key] = type_cast_calculated_value(value, column_for(column_name), operation)
+        all
+      end
+    end
+
+    # Converts the given keys to the value that the database adapter returns as
+    # a usable column name:
+    #
+    #   column_alias_for("users.id")                 # => "users_id"
+    #   column_alias_for("sum(id)")                  # => "sum_id"
+    #   column_alias_for("count(distinct users.id)") # => "count_distinct_users_id"
+    #   column_alias_for("count(*)")                 # => "count_all"
+    #   column_alias_for("count", "id")              # => "count_id"
+    def column_alias_for(*keys)
+      table_name = keys.join(' ')
+      table_name.downcase!
+      table_name.gsub!(/\*/, 'all')
+      table_name.gsub!(/\W+/, ' ')
+      table_name.strip!
+      table_name.gsub!(/ +/, '_')
+
+      @klass.connection.table_alias_for(table_name)
+    end
+
+    def column_for(field)
+      field_name = field.to_s.split('.').last
+      @klass.columns.detect { |c| c.name.to_s == field_name }
+    end
+
+    def type_cast_calculated_value(value, column, operation = nil)
+      case operation
+        when 'count' then value.to_i
+        when 'sum'   then type_cast_using_column(value || '0', column)
+        when 'average'   then value && (value.is_a?(Fixnum) ? value.to_f : value).to_d
+        else type_cast_using_column(value, column)
+      end
+    end
+
+    def type_cast_using_column(value, column)
+      column ? column.type_cast(value) : value
+    end
+
+    def select_for_count
+      if @select_values.present?
+        select = @select_values.join(", ") 
+        select if select !~ /(,|\*)/
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end