activejob-lock 0.0.1

data/rails/activesupport/test/multibyte_chars_test.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,714 @@
+# encoding: utf-8
+require 'abstract_unit'
+require 'multibyte_test_helpers'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/string/multibyte'
+
+class MultibyteCharsTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  include MultibyteTestHelpers
+
+  def setup
+    @proxy_class = ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars
+    @chars = @proxy_class.new UNICODE_STRING.dup
+  end
+
+  def test_wraps_the_original_string
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.to_s
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.wrapped_string
+  end
+
+  def test_should_allow_method_calls_to_string
+    @chars.wrapped_string.singleton_class.class_eval { def __method_for_multibyte_testing; 'result'; end }
+
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing
+    end
+    assert_raise NoMethodError do
+      @chars.__unknown_method
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_forwarded_method_calls_should_return_new_chars_instance
+    @chars.wrapped_string.singleton_class.class_eval { def __method_for_multibyte_testing; 'result'; end }
+
+    assert_kind_of @proxy_class, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing
+    assert_not_equal @chars.object_id, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing.object_id
+  end
+
+  def test_forwarded_bang_method_calls_should_return_the_original_chars_instance_when_result_is_not_nil
+    @chars.wrapped_string.singleton_class.class_eval { def __method_for_multibyte_testing!; 'result'; end }
+
+    assert_kind_of @proxy_class, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing!
+    assert_equal @chars.object_id, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing!.object_id
+  end
+
+  def test_forwarded_bang_method_calls_should_return_nil_when_result_is_nil
+    @chars.wrapped_string.singleton_class.class_eval { def __method_for_multibyte_testing_that_returns_nil!; end }
+
+    assert_nil @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing_that_returns_nil!
+  end
+
+  def test_methods_are_forwarded_to_wrapped_string_for_byte_strings
+    assert_equal BYTE_STRING.length, BYTE_STRING.mb_chars.length
+  end
+
+  def test_forwarded_method_with_non_string_result_should_be_returned_vertabim
+    str = ''
+    str.singleton_class.class_eval { def __method_for_multibyte_testing_with_integer_result; 1; end }
+    @chars.wrapped_string.singleton_class.class_eval { def __method_for_multibyte_testing_with_integer_result; 1; end }
+
+    assert_equal str.__method_for_multibyte_testing_with_integer_result, @chars.__method_for_multibyte_testing_with_integer_result
+  end
+
+  def test_should_concatenate
+    mb_a = 'a'.mb_chars
+    mb_b = 'b'.mb_chars
+    assert_equal 'ab', mb_a + 'b'
+    assert_equal 'ab', 'a' + mb_b
+    assert_equal 'ab', mb_a + mb_b
+
+    assert_equal 'ab', mb_a << 'b'
+    assert_equal 'ab', 'a' << mb_b
+    assert_equal 'abb', mb_a << mb_b
+  end
+
+  def test_consumes_utf8_strings
+    assert @proxy_class.consumes?(UNICODE_STRING)
+    assert @proxy_class.consumes?(ASCII_STRING)
+    assert !@proxy_class.consumes?(BYTE_STRING)
+  end
+
+  def test_concatenation_should_return_a_proxy_class_instance
+    assert_equal ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, ('a'.mb_chars + 'b').class
+    assert_equal ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, ('a'.mb_chars << 'b').class
+  end
+
+  def test_ascii_strings_are_treated_at_utf8_strings
+    assert_equal ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, ASCII_STRING.mb_chars.class
+  end
+
+  def test_concatenate_should_return_proxy_instance
+    assert(('a'.mb_chars + 'b').kind_of?(@proxy_class))
+    assert(('a'.mb_chars + 'b'.mb_chars).kind_of?(@proxy_class))
+    assert(('a'.mb_chars << 'b').kind_of?(@proxy_class))
+    assert(('a'.mb_chars << 'b'.mb_chars).kind_of?(@proxy_class))
+  end
+
+  def test_should_return_string_as_json
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.as_json
+  end
+end
+
+class MultibyteCharsUTF8BehaviourTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  include MultibyteTestHelpers
+
+  def setup
+    @chars = UNICODE_STRING.dup.mb_chars
+    # Ruby 1.9 only supports basic whitespace
+    @whitespace = "\n\t "
+  end
+
+  def test_split_should_return_an_array_of_chars_instances
+    @chars.split(//).each do |character|
+      assert_kind_of ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class, character
+    end
+  end
+
+  %w{capitalize downcase lstrip reverse rstrip swapcase upcase}.each do |method|
+    class_eval(<<-EOTESTS, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1)
+      def test_#{method}_bang_should_return_self_when_modifying_wrapped_string
+        chars = ' él piDió Un bUen café '
+        assert_equal chars.object_id, chars.send("#{method}!").object_id
+      end
+
+      def test_#{method}_bang_should_change_wrapped_string
+        original = ' él piDió Un bUen café '
+        proxy = chars(original.dup)
+        proxy.send("#{method}!")
+        assert_not_equal original, proxy.to_s
+      end
+    EOTESTS
+  end
+
+  def test_tidy_bytes_bang_should_return_self
+    assert_equal @chars.object_id, @chars.tidy_bytes!.object_id
+  end
+
+  def test_tidy_bytes_bang_should_change_wrapped_string
+    original = " Un bUen café \x92"
+    proxy = chars(original.dup)
+    proxy.tidy_bytes!
+    assert_not_equal original, proxy.to_s
+  end
+
+  def test_unicode_string_should_have_utf8_encoding
+    assert_equal Encoding::UTF_8, UNICODE_STRING.encoding
+  end
+
+  def test_identity
+    assert_equal @chars, @chars
+    assert @chars.eql?(@chars)
+    assert !@chars.eql?(UNICODE_STRING)
+  end
+
+  def test_string_methods_are_chainable
+    assert chars('').insert(0, '').kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').rjust(1).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').ljust(1).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').center(1).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').rstrip.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').lstrip.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').strip.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').reverse.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars(' ').slice(0).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').limit(0).kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').upcase.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').downcase.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').capitalize.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').normalize.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').decompose.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').compose.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').tidy_bytes.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+    assert chars('').swapcase.kind_of?(ActiveSupport::Multibyte.proxy_class)
+  end
+
+  def test_should_be_equal_to_the_wrapped_string
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars
+    assert_equal @chars, UNICODE_STRING
+  end
+
+  def test_should_not_be_equal_to_an_other_string
+    assert_not_equal @chars, 'other'
+    assert_not_equal 'other', @chars
+  end
+
+  def test_sortability
+    words = %w(builder armor zebra).sort_by { |s| s.mb_chars }
+    assert_equal %w(armor builder zebra), words
+  end
+
+  def test_should_return_character_offset_for_regexp_matches
+    assert_nil(@chars =~ /wrong/u)
+    assert_equal 0, (@chars =~ /こ/u)
+    assert_equal 0, (@chars =~ /こに/u)
+    assert_equal 1, (@chars =~ /に/u)
+    assert_equal 2, (@chars =~ /ち/u)
+    assert_equal 3, (@chars =~ /わ/u)
+  end
+
+  def test_should_use_character_offsets_for_insert_offsets
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.insert(0, '')
+    assert_equal 'こわにちわ', @chars.insert(1, 'わ')
+    assert_equal 'こわわわにちわ', @chars.insert(2, 'わわ')
+    assert_equal 'わこわわわにちわ', @chars.insert(0, 'わ')
+    assert_equal 'わこわわわにちわ', @chars.wrapped_string
+  end
+
+  def test_insert_should_be_destructive
+    @chars.insert(1, 'わ')
+    assert_equal 'こわにちわ', @chars
+  end
+
+  def test_insert_throws_index_error
+    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars.insert(-12, 'わ')}
+    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars.insert(12, 'わ') }
+  end
+
+  def test_should_know_if_one_includes_the_other
+    assert @chars.include?('')
+    assert @chars.include?('ち')
+    assert @chars.include?('わ')
+    assert !@chars.include?('こちわ')
+    assert !@chars.include?('a')
+  end
+
+  def test_include_raises_when_nil_is_passed
+    assert_raises TypeError, NoMethodError, "Expected chars.include?(nil) to raise TypeError or NoMethodError" do
+      @chars.include?(nil)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_index_should_return_character_offset
+    assert_nil @chars.index('u')
+    assert_equal 0, @chars.index('こに')
+    assert_equal 2, @chars.index('ち')
+    assert_equal 2, @chars.index('ち', -2)
+    assert_equal nil, @chars.index('ち', -1)
+    assert_equal 3, @chars.index('わ')
+    assert_equal 5, 'ééxééx'.mb_chars.index('x', 4)
+  end
+
+  def test_rindex_should_return_character_offset
+    assert_nil @chars.rindex('u')
+    assert_equal 1, @chars.rindex('に')
+    assert_equal 2, @chars.rindex('ち', -2)
+    assert_nil @chars.rindex('ち', -3)
+    assert_equal 6, 'Café périferôl'.mb_chars.rindex('é')
+    assert_equal 13, 'Café périferôl'.mb_chars.rindex(/\w/u)
+  end
+
+  def test_indexed_insert_should_take_character_offsets
+    @chars[2] = 'a'
+    assert_equal 'こにaわ', @chars
+    @chars[2] = 'ηη'
+    assert_equal 'こにηηわ', @chars
+    @chars[3, 2] = 'λλλ'
+    assert_equal 'こにηλλλ', @chars
+    @chars[1, 0] = "λ"
+    assert_equal 'こλにηλλλ', @chars
+    @chars[4..6] = "ηη"
+    assert_equal 'こλにηηη', @chars
+    @chars[/ηη/] = "λλλ"
+    assert_equal 'こλにλλλη', @chars
+    @chars[/(λλ)(.)/, 2] = "α"
+    assert_equal 'こλにλλαη', @chars
+    @chars["α"] = "¢"
+    assert_equal 'こλにλλ¢η', @chars
+    @chars["λλ"] = "ααα"
+    assert_equal 'こλにααα¢η', @chars
+  end
+
+  def test_indexed_insert_should_raise_on_index_overflow
+    before = @chars.to_s
+    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[10] = 'a' }
+    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[10, 4] = 'a' }
+    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[/ii/] = 'a' }
+    assert_raise(IndexError) { @chars[/()/, 10] = 'a' }
+    assert_equal before, @chars
+  end
+
+  def test_indexed_insert_should_raise_on_range_overflow
+    before = @chars.to_s
+    assert_raise(RangeError) { @chars[10..12] = 'a' }
+    assert_equal before, @chars
+  end
+
+  def test_rjust_should_raise_argument_errors_on_bad_arguments
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.rjust(10, '') }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.rjust }
+  end
+
+  def test_rjust_should_count_characters_instead_of_bytes
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.rjust(-3)
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.rjust(0)
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.rjust(4)
+    assert_equal " #{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(5)
+    assert_equal "   #{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7)
+    assert_equal "---#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, '-')
+    assert_equal "ααα#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, 'α')
+    assert_equal "aba#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, 'ab')
+    assert_equal "αηα#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(7, 'αη')
+    assert_equal "αηαη#{UNICODE_STRING}", @chars.rjust(8, 'αη')
+  end
+
+  def test_ljust_should_raise_argument_errors_on_bad_arguments
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.ljust(10, '') }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.ljust }
+  end
+
+  def test_ljust_should_count_characters_instead_of_bytes
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.ljust(-3)
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.ljust(0)
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.ljust(4)
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING} ", @chars.ljust(5)
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}   ", @chars.ljust(7)
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}---", @chars.ljust(7, '-')
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}ααα", @chars.ljust(7, 'α')
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}aba", @chars.ljust(7, 'ab')
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}αηα", @chars.ljust(7, 'αη')
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING}αηαη", @chars.ljust(8, 'αη')
+  end
+
+  def test_center_should_raise_argument_errors_on_bad_arguments
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.center(10, '') }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.center }
+  end
+
+  def test_center_should_count_characters_instead_of_bytes
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.center(-3)
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.center(0)
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, @chars.center(4)
+    assert_equal "#{UNICODE_STRING} ", @chars.center(5)
+    assert_equal " #{UNICODE_STRING} ", @chars.center(6)
+    assert_equal " #{UNICODE_STRING}  ", @chars.center(7)
+    assert_equal "--#{UNICODE_STRING}--", @chars.center(8, '-')
+    assert_equal "--#{UNICODE_STRING}---", @chars.center(9, '-')
+    assert_equal "αα#{UNICODE_STRING}αα", @chars.center(8, 'α')
+    assert_equal "αα#{UNICODE_STRING}ααα", @chars.center(9, 'α')
+    assert_equal "a#{UNICODE_STRING}ab", @chars.center(7, 'ab')
+    assert_equal "ab#{UNICODE_STRING}ab", @chars.center(8, 'ab')
+    assert_equal "abab#{UNICODE_STRING}abab", @chars.center(12, 'ab')
+    assert_equal "α#{UNICODE_STRING}αη", @chars.center(7, 'αη')
+    assert_equal "αη#{UNICODE_STRING}αη", @chars.center(8, 'αη')
+  end
+
+  def test_lstrip_strips_whitespace_from_the_left_of_the_string
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING.mb_chars.lstrip
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING).mb_chars.lstrip
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.lstrip
+  end
+
+  def test_rstrip_strips_whitespace_from_the_right_of_the_string
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING.mb_chars.rstrip
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.rstrip
+    assert_equal @whitespace + UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.rstrip
+  end
+
+  def test_strip_strips_whitespace
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, UNICODE_STRING.mb_chars.strip
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING).mb_chars.strip
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.strip
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, (@whitespace + UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace).mb_chars.strip
+  end
+
+  def test_stripping_whitespace_leaves_whitespace_within_the_string_intact
+    string_with_whitespace = UNICODE_STRING + @whitespace + UNICODE_STRING
+    assert_equal string_with_whitespace, string_with_whitespace.mb_chars.strip
+    assert_equal string_with_whitespace, string_with_whitespace.mb_chars.lstrip
+    assert_equal string_with_whitespace, string_with_whitespace.mb_chars.rstrip
+  end
+
+  def test_size_returns_characters_instead_of_bytes
+    assert_equal 0, ''.mb_chars.size
+    assert_equal 4, @chars.size
+    assert_equal 4, @chars.length
+    assert_equal 5, ASCII_STRING.mb_chars.size
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_reverses_characters
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.reverse
+    assert_equal 'わちにこ', @chars.reverse
+  end
+
+  def test_reverse_should_work_with_normalized_strings
+    str = 'bös'
+    reversed_str = 'söb'
+    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:kc), chars(str).normalize(:kc).reverse
+    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:c), chars(str).normalize(:c).reverse
+    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:d), chars(str).normalize(:d).reverse
+    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).normalize(:kd), chars(str).normalize(:kd).reverse
+    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).decompose, chars(str).decompose.reverse
+    assert_equal chars(reversed_str).compose, chars(str).compose.reverse
+  end
+
+  def test_slice_should_take_character_offsets
+    assert_equal nil, ''.mb_chars.slice(0)
+    assert_equal 'こ', @chars.slice(0)
+    assert_equal 'わ', @chars.slice(3)
+    assert_equal nil, ''.mb_chars.slice(-1..1)
+    assert_equal nil, ''.mb_chars.slice(-1, 1)
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.slice(0..10)
+    assert_equal 'にちわ', @chars.slice(1..3)
+    assert_equal 'にちわ', @chars.slice(1, 3)
+    assert_equal 'こ', @chars.slice(0, 1)
+    assert_equal 'ちわ', @chars.slice(2..10)
+    assert_equal '', @chars.slice(4..10)
+    assert_equal 'に', @chars.slice(/に/u)
+    assert_equal 'にち', @chars.slice(/に./u)
+    assert_equal nil, @chars.slice(/unknown/u)
+    assert_equal 'にち', @chars.slice(/(にち)/u, 1)
+    assert_equal nil, @chars.slice(/(にち)/u, 2)
+    assert_equal nil, @chars.slice(7..6)
+  end
+
+  def test_slice_bang_returns_sliced_out_substring
+    assert_equal 'にち', @chars.slice!(1..2)
+  end
+
+  def test_slice_bang_removes_the_slice_from_the_receiver
+    chars = 'úüù'.mb_chars
+    chars.slice!(0,2)
+    assert_equal 'ù', chars
+  end
+
+  def test_slice_should_throw_exceptions_on_invalid_arguments
+    assert_raise(TypeError) { @chars.slice(2..3, 1) }
+    assert_raise(TypeError) { @chars.slice(1, 2..3) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { @chars.slice(1, 1, 1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_ord_should_return_unicode_value_for_first_character
+    assert_equal 12371, @chars.ord
+  end
+
+  def test_upcase_should_upcase_ascii_characters
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.upcase
+    assert_equal 'ABC', 'aBc'.mb_chars.upcase
+  end
+
+  def test_downcase_should_downcase_ascii_characters
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.downcase
+    assert_equal 'abc', 'aBc'.mb_chars.downcase
+  end
+
+  def test_swapcase_should_swap_ascii_characters
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.swapcase
+    assert_equal 'AbC', 'aBc'.mb_chars.swapcase
+  end
+
+  def test_capitalize_should_work_on_ascii_characters
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.capitalize
+    assert_equal 'Abc', 'abc'.mb_chars.capitalize
+  end
+
+  def test_titleize_should_work_on_ascii_characters
+    assert_equal '', ''.mb_chars.titleize
+    assert_equal 'Abc Abc', 'abc abc'.mb_chars.titleize
+  end
+
+  def test_respond_to_knows_which_methods_the_proxy_responds_to
+    assert ''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:slice) # Defined on Chars
+    assert ''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:capitalize!) # Defined on Chars
+    assert ''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:gsub) # Defined on String
+    assert !''.mb_chars.respond_to?(:undefined_method) # Not defined
+  end
+
+  def test_method_works_for_proxyed_methods
+    assert_equal 'll', 'hello'.mb_chars.method(:slice).call(2..3) # Defined on Chars
+    chars = 'hello'.mb_chars
+    assert_equal 'Hello', chars.method(:capitalize!).call # Defined on Chars
+    assert_equal 'Hello', chars
+    assert_equal 'jello', 'hello'.mb_chars.method(:gsub).call(/h/, 'j') # Defined on String
+    assert_raise(NameError){ ''.mb_chars.method(:undefined_method) } # Not defined
+  end
+
+  def test_acts_like_string
+    assert 'Bambi'.mb_chars.acts_like_string?
+  end
+end
+
+# The default Multibyte Chars proxy has more features than the normal string implementation. Tests
+# for the implementation of these features should run on all Ruby versions and shouldn't be tested
+# through the proxy methods.
+class MultibyteCharsExtrasTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  include MultibyteTestHelpers
+
+  def test_upcase_should_be_unicode_aware
+    assert_equal "АБВГД\0F", chars("аБвгд\0f").upcase
+    assert_equal 'こにちわ', chars('こにちわ').upcase
+  end
+
+  def test_downcase_should_be_unicode_aware
+    assert_equal "абвгд\0f", chars("аБвгд\0F").downcase
+    assert_equal 'こにちわ', chars('こにちわ').downcase
+  end
+
+  def test_swapcase_should_be_unicode_aware
+    assert_equal "аaéÜ\0f", chars("АAÉü\0F").swapcase
+    assert_equal 'こにちわ', chars('こにちわ').swapcase
+  end
+
+  def test_capitalize_should_be_unicode_aware
+    { 'аБвг аБвг' => 'Абвг абвг',
+      'аБвг АБВГ' => 'Абвг абвг',
+      'АБВГ АБВГ' => 'Абвг абвг',
+      '' => '' }.each do |f,t|
+        assert_equal t, chars(f).capitalize
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_titleize_should_be_unicode_aware
+    assert_equal "Él Que Se Enteró", chars("ÉL QUE SE ENTERÓ").titleize
+    assert_equal "Абвг Абвг", chars("аБвг аБвг").titleize
+  end
+
+  def test_titleize_should_not_affect_characters_that_do_not_case_fold
+    assert_equal "日本語", chars("日本語").titleize
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_not_break_on_blank_strings
+    example = chars('')
+    assert_equal example, example.limit(0)
+    assert_equal example, example.limit(1)
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_work_on_a_multibyte_string
+    example = chars(UNICODE_STRING)
+    bytesize = UNICODE_STRING.bytesize
+
+    assert_equal UNICODE_STRING, example.limit(bytesize)
+    assert_equal '', example.limit(0)
+    assert_equal '', example.limit(1)
+    assert_equal 'こ', example.limit(3)
+    assert_equal 'こに', example.limit(6)
+    assert_equal 'こに', example.limit(8)
+    assert_equal 'こにち', example.limit(9)
+    assert_equal 'こにちわ', example.limit(50)
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_work_on_an_ascii_string
+    ascii = chars(ASCII_STRING)
+    assert_equal ASCII_STRING, ascii.limit(ASCII_STRING.length)
+    assert_equal '', ascii.limit(0)
+    assert_equal 'o', ascii.limit(1)
+    assert_equal 'oh', ascii.limit(2)
+    assert_equal 'ohay', ascii.limit(4)
+    assert_equal 'ohayo', ascii.limit(50)
+  end
+
+  def test_limit_should_keep_under_the_specified_byte_limit
+    example = chars(UNICODE_STRING)
+    (1..UNICODE_STRING.length).each do |limit|
+      assert example.limit(limit).to_s.length <= limit
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_composition_exclusion_is_set_up_properly
+    # Normalization of DEVANAGARI LETTER QA breaks when composition exclusion isn't used correctly
+    qa = [0x915, 0x93c].pack('U*')
+    assert_equal qa, chars(qa).normalize(:c)
+  end
+
+  # Test for the Public Review Issue #29, bad explanation of composition might lead to a
+  # bad implementation: http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html
+  def test_normalization_C_pri_29
+    [
+      [0x0B47, 0x0300, 0x0B3E],
+      [0x1100, 0x0300, 0x1161]
+    ].map { |c| c.pack('U*') }.each do |c|
+      assert_equal_codepoints c, chars(c).normalize(:c)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_normalization_shouldnt_strip_null_bytes
+    null_byte_str = "Test\0test"
+
+    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:kc)
+    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:c)
+    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:d)
+    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).normalize(:kd)
+    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).decompose
+    assert_equal null_byte_str, chars(null_byte_str).compose
+  end
+
+  def test_simple_normalization
+    comp_str = [
+      44,  # LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
+      307, # COMBINING DOT ABOVE
+      328, # COMBINING OGONEK
+      323 # COMBINING DOT BELOW
+    ].pack("U*")
+
+    assert_equal_codepoints '', chars('').normalize
+    assert_equal_codepoints [44,105,106,328,323].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:kc).to_s
+    assert_equal_codepoints [44,307,328,323].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:c).to_s
+    assert_equal_codepoints [44,307,110,780,78,769].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:d).to_s
+    assert_equal_codepoints [44,105,106,110,780,78,769].pack("U*"), chars(comp_str).normalize(:kd).to_s
+  end
+
+  def test_should_compute_grapheme_length
+    [
+      ['', 0],
+      ['abc', 3],
+      ['こにちわ', 4],
+      [[0x0924, 0x094D, 0x0930].pack('U*'), 2],
+      [%w(cr lf), 1],
+      [%w(l l), 1],
+      [%w(l v), 1],
+      [%w(l lv), 1],
+      [%w(l lvt), 1],
+      [%w(lv v), 1],
+      [%w(lv t), 1],
+      [%w(v v), 1],
+      [%w(v t), 1],
+      [%w(lvt t), 1],
+      [%w(t t), 1],
+      [%w(n extend), 1],
+      [%w(n n), 2],
+      [%w(n cr lf n), 3],
+      [%w(n l v t), 2]
+    ].each do |input, expected_length|
+      if input.kind_of?(Array)
+        str = string_from_classes(input)
+      else
+        str = input
+      end
+      assert_equal expected_length, chars(str).grapheme_length
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_tidy_bytes_should_tidy_bytes
+
+    single_byte_cases = {
+      "\x21" => "!",   # Valid ASCII byte, low
+      "\x41" => "A",   # Valid ASCII byte, mid
+      "\x7E" => "~",   # Valid ASCII byte, high
+      "\x80" => "€",   # Continuation byte, low (cp125)
+      "\x94" => "”",   # Continuation byte, mid (cp125)
+      "\x9F" => "Ÿ",   # Continuation byte, high (cp125)
+      "\xC0" => "À",   # Overlong encoding, start of 2-byte sequence, but codepoint < 128
+      "\xC1" => "Á",   # Overlong encoding, start of 2-byte sequence, but codepoint < 128
+      "\xC2" => "Â",   # Start of 2-byte sequence, low
+      "\xC8" => "È",   # Start of 2-byte sequence, mid
+      "\xDF" => "ß",   # Start of 2-byte sequence, high
+      "\xE0" => "à",   # Start of 3-byte sequence, low
+      "\xE8" => "è",   # Start of 3-byte sequence, mid
+      "\xEF" => "ï",   # Start of 3-byte sequence, high
+      "\xF0" => "ð",   # Start of 4-byte sequence
+      "\xF1" => "ñ",   # Unused byte
+      "\xFF" => "ÿ",   # Restricted byte
+      "\x00" => "\x00" # null char
+    }
+
+    single_byte_cases.each do |bad, good|
+      assert_equal good, chars(bad).tidy_bytes.to_s
+      assert_equal "#{good}#{good}", chars("#{bad}#{bad}").tidy_bytes
+      assert_equal "#{good}#{good}#{good}", chars("#{bad}#{bad}#{bad}").tidy_bytes
+      assert_equal "#{good}a", chars("#{bad}a").tidy_bytes
+      assert_equal "#{good}á", chars("#{bad}á").tidy_bytes
+      assert_equal "a#{good}a", chars("a#{bad}a").tidy_bytes
+      assert_equal "á#{good}á", chars("á#{bad}á").tidy_bytes
+      assert_equal "a#{good}", chars("a#{bad}").tidy_bytes
+      assert_equal "á#{good}", chars("á#{bad}").tidy_bytes
+    end
+
+    byte_string = "\270\236\010\210\245"
+    tidy_string = [0xb8, 0x17e, 0x8, 0x2c6, 0xa5].pack('U*')
+    assert_equal_codepoints tidy_string, chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes
+    assert_nothing_raised { chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes.to_s.unpack('U*') }
+
+    # UTF-8 leading byte followed by too few continuation bytes
+    assert_equal_codepoints "\xc3\xb0\xc2\xa5\xc2\xa4\x21", chars("\xf0\xa5\xa4\x21").tidy_bytes
+  end
+
+  def test_tidy_bytes_should_forcibly_tidy_bytes_if_specified
+    byte_string = "\xF0\xA5\xA4\xA4" # valid as both CP-1252 and UTF-8, but with different interpretations.
+    assert_not_equal "𥤤", chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes
+    # Forcible conversion to UTF-8
+    assert_equal "𥤤", chars(byte_string).tidy_bytes(true)
+  end
+
+  def test_class_is_not_forwarded
+    assert_equal BYTE_STRING.dup.mb_chars.class, ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def string_from_classes(classes)
+    # Characters from the character classes as described in UAX #29
+    character_from_class = {
+      :l => 0x1100, :v => 0x1160, :t => 0x11A8, :lv => 0xAC00, :lvt => 0xAC01, :cr => 0x000D, :lf => 0x000A,
+      :extend => 0x094D, :n => 0x64
+    }
+    classes.collect do |k|
+      character_from_class[k.intern]
+    end.pack('U*')
+  end
+end
+
+class MultibyteInternalsTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
+  include MultibyteTestHelpers
+
+  test "Chars translates a character offset to a byte offset" do
+    example = chars("Puisque c'était son erreur, il m'a aidé")
+    [
+      [0, 0],
+      [3, 3],
+      [12, 11],
+      [14, 13],
+      [41, 39]
+    ].each do |byte_offset, character_offset|
+      assert_equal character_offset, example.send(:translate_offset, byte_offset),
+        "Expected byte offset #{byte_offset} to translate to #{character_offset}"
+    end
+  end
+end