STLExtract 1.0.0

data/Slic3r/Linux/lib/std/B/Deparse.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,4900 @@
+# B::Deparse.pm
+# Copyright (c) 1998-2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006 Stephen McCamant.
+# All rights reserved.
+# This module is free software; you can redistribute and/or modify
+# it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+# This is based on the module of the same name by Malcolm Beattie,
+# but essentially none of his code remains.
+
+package B::Deparse;
+use Carp;
+use B qw(class main_root main_start main_cv svref_2object opnumber perlstring
+	 OPf_WANT OPf_WANT_VOID OPf_WANT_SCALAR OPf_WANT_LIST
+	 OPf_KIDS OPf_REF OPf_STACKED OPf_SPECIAL OPf_MOD
+	 OPpLVAL_INTRO OPpOUR_INTRO OPpENTERSUB_AMPER OPpSLICE OPpCONST_BARE
+	 OPpTRANS_SQUASH OPpTRANS_DELETE OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT OPpTARGET_MY
+	 OPpCONST_ARYBASE OPpEXISTS_SUB OPpSORT_NUMERIC OPpSORT_INTEGER
+	 OPpSORT_REVERSE
+	 SVf_IOK SVf_NOK SVf_ROK SVf_POK SVpad_OUR SVf_FAKE SVs_RMG SVs_SMG
+         CVf_METHOD CVf_LVALUE
+	 PMf_KEEP PMf_GLOBAL PMf_CONTINUE PMf_EVAL PMf_ONCE
+	 PMf_MULTILINE PMf_SINGLELINE PMf_FOLD PMf_EXTENDED),
+	 ($] < 5.008004 ? () : 'OPpSORT_INPLACE'),
+	 ($] < 5.008006 ? () : qw(OPpSORT_DESCEND OPpITER_REVERSED)),
+	 ($] < 5.008009 ? () : qw(OPpCONST_NOVER OPpPAD_STATE)),
+	 ($] < 5.009 ? 'PMf_SKIPWHITE' : qw(RXf_SKIPWHITE)),
+	 ($] < 5.011 ? 'CVf_LOCKED' : 'OPpREVERSE_INPLACE'),
+	 ($] < 5.013 ? () : 'PMf_NONDESTRUCT');
+$VERSION = "1.04";
+use strict;
+use vars qw/$AUTOLOAD/;
+use warnings ();
+
+BEGIN {
+    # Easiest way to keep this code portable between version looks to
+    # be to fake up a dummy constant that will never actually be true.
+    foreach (qw(OPpSORT_INPLACE OPpSORT_DESCEND OPpITER_REVERSED OPpCONST_NOVER
+		OPpPAD_STATE RXf_SKIPWHITE CVf_LOCKED OPpREVERSE_INPLACE
+		PMf_NONDESTRUCT)) {
+	no strict 'refs';
+	*{$_} = sub () {0} unless *{$_}{CODE};
+    }
+}
+
+# Changes between 0.50 and 0.51:
+# - fixed nulled leave with live enter in sort { }
+# - fixed reference constants (\"str")
+# - handle empty programs gracefully
+# - handle infinite loops (for (;;) {}, while (1) {})
+# - differentiate between `for my $x ...' and `my $x; for $x ...'
+# - various minor cleanups
+# - moved globals into an object
+# - added `-u', like B::C
+# - package declarations using cop_stash
+# - subs, formats and code sorted by cop_seq
+# Changes between 0.51 and 0.52:
+# - added pp_threadsv (special variables under USE_5005THREADS)
+# - added documentation
+# Changes between 0.52 and 0.53:
+# - many changes adding precedence contexts and associativity
+# - added `-p' and `-s' output style options
+# - various other minor fixes
+# Changes between 0.53 and 0.54:
+# - added support for new `for (1..100)' optimization,
+#   thanks to Gisle Aas
+# Changes between 0.54 and 0.55:
+# - added support for new qr// construct
+# - added support for new pp_regcreset OP
+# Changes between 0.55 and 0.56:
+# - tested on base/*.t, cmd/*.t, comp/*.t, io/*.t
+# - fixed $# on non-lexicals broken in last big rewrite
+# - added temporary fix for change in opcode of OP_STRINGIFY
+# - fixed problem in 0.54's for() patch in `for (@ary)'
+# - fixed precedence in conditional of ?:
+# - tweaked list paren elimination in `my($x) = @_'
+# - made continue-block detection trickier wrt. null ops
+# - fixed various prototype problems in pp_entersub
+# - added support for sub prototypes that never get GVs
+# - added unquoting for special filehandle first arg in truncate
+# - print doubled rv2gv (a bug) as `*{*GV}' instead of illegal `**GV'
+# - added semicolons at the ends of blocks
+# - added -l `#line' declaration option -- fixes cmd/subval.t 27,28
+# Changes between 0.56 and 0.561:
+# - fixed multiply-declared my var in pp_truncate (thanks to Sarathy)
+# - used new B.pm symbolic constants (done by Nick Ing-Simmons)
+# Changes between 0.561 and 0.57:
+# - stylistic changes to symbolic constant stuff
+# - handled scope in s///e replacement code
+# - added unquote option for expanding "" into concats, etc.
+# - split method and proto parts of pp_entersub into separate functions
+# - various minor cleanups
+# Changes after 0.57:
+# - added parens in \&foo (patch by Albert Dvornik)
+# Changes between 0.57 and 0.58:
+# - fixed `0' statements that weren't being printed
+# - added methods for use from other programs
+#   (based on patches from James Duncan and Hugo van der Sanden)
+# - added -si and -sT to control indenting (also based on a patch from Hugo)
+# - added -sv to print something else instead of '???'
+# - preliminary version of utf8 tr/// handling
+# Changes after 0.58:
+# - uses of $op->ppaddr changed to new $op->name (done by Sarathy)
+# - added support for Hugo's new OP_SETSTATE (like nextstate)
+# Changes between 0.58 and 0.59
+# - added support for Chip's OP_METHOD_NAMED
+# - added support for Ilya's OPpTARGET_MY optimization
+# - elided arrows before `()' subscripts when possible
+# Changes between 0.59 and 0.60
+# - support for method attributes was added
+# - some warnings fixed
+# - separate recognition of constant subs
+# - rewrote continue block handling, now recognizing for loops
+# - added more control of expanding control structures
+# Changes between 0.60 and 0.61 (mostly by Robin Houston)
+# - many bug-fixes
+# - support for pragmas and 'use'
+# - support for the little-used $[ variable
+# - support for __DATA__ sections
+# - UTF8 support
+# - BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END blocks
+# - scoping of subroutine declarations fixed
+# - compile-time output from the input program can be suppressed, so that the
+#   output is just the deparsed code. (a change to O.pm in fact)
+# - our() declarations
+# - *all* the known bugs are now listed in the BUGS section
+# - comprehensive test mechanism (TEST -deparse)
+# Changes between 0.62 and 0.63 (mostly by Rafael Garcia-Suarez)
+# - bug-fixes
+# - new switch -P
+# - support for command-line switches (-l, -0, etc.)
+# Changes between 0.63 and 0.64
+# - support for //, CHECK blocks, and assertions
+# - improved handling of foreach loops and lexicals
+# - option to use Data::Dumper for constants
+# - more bug fixes
+# - discovered lots more bugs not yet fixed
+#
+# ...
+#
+# Changes between 0.72 and 0.73
+# - support new switch constructs
+
+# Todo:
+#  (See also BUGS section at the end of this file)
+#
+# - finish tr/// changes
+# - add option for even more parens (generalize \&foo change)
+# - left/right context
+# - copy comments (look at real text with $^P?)
+# - avoid semis in one-statement blocks
+# - associativity of &&=, ||=, ?:
+# - ',' => '=>' (auto-unquote?)
+# - break long lines ("\r" as discretionary break?)
+# - configurable syntax highlighting: ANSI color, HTML, TeX, etc.
+# - more style options: brace style, hex vs. octal, quotes, ...
+# - print big ints as hex/octal instead of decimal (heuristic?)
+# - handle `my $x if 0'?
+# - version using op_next instead of op_first/sibling?
+# - avoid string copies (pass arrays, one big join?)
+# - here-docs?
+
+# Current test.deparse failures
+# comp/hints 6 - location of BEGIN blocks wrt. block openings
+# run/switchI 1 - missing -I switches entirely
+#    perl -Ifoo -e 'print @INC'
+# op/caller 2 - warning mask propagates backwards before warnings::register
+#    'use warnings; BEGIN {${^WARNING_BITS} eq "U"x12;} use warnings::register'
+# op/getpid 2 - can't assign to shared my() declaration (threads only)
+#    'my $x : shared = 5'
+# op/override 7 - parens on overridden require change v-string interpretation
+#    'BEGIN{*CORE::GLOBAL::require=sub {}} require v5.6'
+#    c.f. 'BEGIN { *f = sub {0} }; f 2'
+# op/pat 774 - losing Unicode-ness of Latin1-only strings
+#    'use charnames ":short"; $x="\N{latin:a with acute}"'
+# op/recurse 12 - missing parens on recursive call makes it look like method
+#    'sub f { f($x) }'
+# op/subst 90 - inconsistent handling of utf8 under "use utf8"
+# op/taint 29 - "use re 'taint'" deparsed in the wrong place wrt. block open
+# op/tiehandle compile - "use strict" deparsed in the wrong place
+# uni/tr_ several
+# ext/B/t/xref 11 - line numbers when we add newlines to one-line subs
+# ext/Data/Dumper/t/dumper compile
+# ext/DB_file/several
+# ext/Encode/several
+# ext/Ernno/Errno warnings
+# ext/IO/lib/IO/t/io_sel 23
+# ext/PerlIO/t/encoding compile
+# ext/POSIX/t/posix 6
+# ext/Socket/Socket 8
+# ext/Storable/t/croak compile
+# lib/Attribute/Handlers/t/multi compile
+# lib/bignum/ several
+# lib/charnames 35
+# lib/constant 32
+# lib/English 40
+# lib/ExtUtils/t/bytes 4
+# lib/File/DosGlob compile
+# lib/Filter/Simple/t/data 1
+# lib/Math/BigInt/t/constant 1
+# lib/Net/t/config Deparse-warning
+# lib/overload compile
+# lib/Switch/ several
+# lib/Symbol 4
+# lib/Test/Simple several
+# lib/Term/Complete
+# lib/Tie/File/t/29_downcopy 5
+# lib/vars 22
+
+# Object fields (were globals):
+#
+# avoid_local:
+# (local($a), local($b)) and local($a, $b) have the same internal
+# representation but the short form looks better. We notice we can
+# use a large-scale local when checking the list, but need to prevent
+# individual locals too. This hash holds the addresses of OPs that
+# have already had their local-ness accounted for. The same thing
+# is done with my().
+#
+# curcv:
+# CV for current sub (or main program) being deparsed
+#
+# curcvlex:
+# Cached hash of lexical variables for curcv: keys are names,
+# each value is an array of pairs, indicating the cop_seq of scopes
+# in which a var of that name is valid.
+#
+# curcop:
+# COP for statement being deparsed
+#
+# curstash:
+# name of the current package for deparsed code
+#
+# subs_todo:
+# array of [cop_seq, CV, is_format?] for subs and formats we still
+# want to deparse
+#
+# protos_todo:
+# as above, but [name, prototype] for subs that never got a GV
+#
+# subs_done, forms_done:
+# keys are addresses of GVs for subs and formats we've already
+# deparsed (or at least put into subs_todo)
+#
+# subs_declared
+# keys are names of subs for which we've printed declarations.
+# That means we can omit parentheses from the arguments.
+#
+# subs_deparsed
+# Keeps track of fully qualified names of all deparsed subs.
+#
+# parens: -p
+# linenums: -l
+# unquote: -q
+# cuddle: ` ' or `\n', depending on -sC
+# indent_size: -si
+# use_tabs: -sT
+# ex_const: -sv
+
+# A little explanation of how precedence contexts and associativity
+# work:
+#
+# deparse() calls each per-op subroutine with an argument $cx (short
+# for context, but not the same as the cx* in the perl core), which is
+# a number describing the op's parents in terms of precedence, whether
+# they're inside an expression or at statement level, etc.  (see
+# chart below). When ops with children call deparse on them, they pass
+# along their precedence. Fractional values are used to implement
+# associativity (`($x + $y) + $z' => `$x + $y + $y') and related
+# parentheses hacks. The major disadvantage of this scheme is that
+# it doesn't know about right sides and left sides, so say if you
+# assign a listop to a variable, it can't tell it's allowed to leave
+# the parens off the listop.
+
+# Precedences:
+# 26             [TODO] inside interpolation context ("")
+# 25 left        terms and list operators (leftward)
+# 24 left        ->
+# 23 nonassoc    ++ --
+# 22 right       **
+# 21 right       ! ~ \ and unary + and -
+# 20 left        =~ !~
+# 19 left        * / % x
+# 18 left        + - .
+# 17 left        << >>
+# 16 nonassoc    named unary operators
+# 15 nonassoc    < > <= >= lt gt le ge
+# 14 nonassoc    == != <=> eq ne cmp
+# 13 left        &
+# 12 left        | ^
+# 11 left        &&
+# 10 left        ||
+#  9 nonassoc    ..  ...
+#  8 right       ?:
+#  7 right       = += -= *= etc.
+#  6 left        , =>
+#  5 nonassoc    list operators (rightward)
+#  4 right       not
+#  3 left        and
+#  2 left        or xor
+#  1             statement modifiers
+#  0.5           statements, but still print scopes as do { ... }
+#  0             statement level
+
+# Nonprinting characters with special meaning:
+# \cS - steal parens (see maybe_parens_unop)
+# \n - newline and indent
+# \t - increase indent
+# \b - decrease indent (`outdent')
+# \f - flush left (no indent)
+# \cK - kill following semicolon, if any
+
+sub null {
+    my $op = shift;
+    return class($op) eq "NULL";
+}
+
+sub todo {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($cv, $is_form) = @_;
+    return unless ($cv->FILE eq $0 || exists $self->{files}{$cv->FILE});
+    my $seq;
+    if ($cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ) {
+	$seq = $cv->OUTSIDE_SEQ;
+    } elsif (!null($cv->START) and is_state($cv->START)) {
+	$seq = $cv->START->cop_seq;
+    } else {
+	$seq = 0;
+    }
+    push @{$self->{'subs_todo'}}, [$seq, $cv, $is_form];
+    unless ($is_form || class($cv->STASH) eq 'SPECIAL') {
+	$self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$cv->STASH->NAME."::".$cv->GV->NAME} = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+sub next_todo {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $ent = shift @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
+    my $cv = $ent->[1];
+    my $gv = $cv->GV;
+    my $name = $self->gv_name($gv);
+    if ($ent->[2]) {
+	return "format $name =\n"
+	    . $self->deparse_format($ent->[1]). "\n";
+    } else {
+	$self->{'subs_declared'}{$name} = 1;
+	if ($name eq "BEGIN") {
+	    my $use_dec = $self->begin_is_use($cv);
+	    if (defined ($use_dec) and $self->{'expand'} < 5) {
+		return () if 0 == length($use_dec);
+		return $use_dec;
+	    }
+	}
+	my $l = '';
+	if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
+	    my $line = $gv->LINE;
+	    my $file = $gv->FILE;
+	    $l = "\n\f#line $line \"$file\"\n";
+	}
+	my $p = '';
+	if (class($cv->STASH) ne "SPECIAL") {
+	    my $stash = $cv->STASH->NAME;
+	    if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
+		$p = "package $stash;\n";
+		$name = "$self->{'curstash'}::$name" unless $name =~ /::/;
+		$self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
+	    }
+	    $name =~ s/^\Q$stash\E::(?!\z|.*::)//;
+	}
+        return "${p}${l}sub $name " . $self->deparse_sub($cv);
+    }
+}
+
+# Return a "use" declaration for this BEGIN block, if appropriate
+sub begin_is_use {
+    my ($self, $cv) = @_;
+    my $root = $cv->ROOT;
+    local @$self{qw'curcv curcvlex'} = ($cv);
+#require B::Debug;
+#B::walkoptree($cv->ROOT, "debug");
+    my $lineseq = $root->first;
+    return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
+
+    my $req_op = $lineseq->first->sibling;
+    return if $req_op->name ne "require";
+
+    my $module;
+    if ($req_op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
+	# Actually it should always be a bareword
+	$module = $self->const_sv($req_op->first)->PV;
+	$module =~ s[/][::]g;
+	$module =~ s/.pm$//;
+    }
+    else {
+	$module = $self->const($self->const_sv($req_op->first), 6);
+    }
+
+    my $version;
+    my $version_op = $req_op->sibling;
+    return if class($version_op) eq "NULL";
+    if ($version_op->name eq "lineseq") {
+	# We have a version parameter; skip nextstate & pushmark
+	my $constop = $version_op->first->next->next;
+
+	return unless $self->const_sv($constop)->PV eq $module;
+	$constop = $constop->sibling;
+	$version = $self->const_sv($constop);
+	if (class($version) eq "IV") {
+	    $version = $version->int_value;
+	} elsif (class($version) eq "NV") {
+	    $version = $version->NV;
+	} elsif (class($version) ne "PVMG") {
+	    # Includes PVIV and PVNV
+	    $version = $version->PV;
+	} else {
+	    # version specified as a v-string
+	    $version = 'v'.join '.', map ord, split //, $version->PV;
+	}
+	$constop = $constop->sibling;
+	return if $constop->name ne "method_named";
+	return if $self->const_sv($constop)->PV ne "VERSION";
+    }
+
+    $lineseq = $version_op->sibling;
+    return if $lineseq->name ne "lineseq";
+    my $entersub = $lineseq->first->sibling;
+    if ($entersub->name eq "stub") {
+	return "use $module $version ();\n" if defined $version;
+	return "use $module ();\n";
+    }
+    return if $entersub->name ne "entersub";
+
+    # See if there are import arguments
+    my $args = '';
+
+    my $svop = $entersub->first->sibling; # Skip over pushmark
+    return unless $self->const_sv($svop)->PV eq $module;
+
+    # Pull out the arguments
+    for ($svop=$svop->sibling; $svop->name ne "method_named";
+		$svop = $svop->sibling) {
+	$args .= ", " if length($args);
+	$args .= $self->deparse($svop, 6);
+    }
+
+    my $use = 'use';
+    my $method_named = $svop;
+    return if $method_named->name ne "method_named";
+    my $method_name = $self->const_sv($method_named)->PV;
+
+    if ($method_name eq "unimport") {
+	$use = 'no';
+    }
+
+    # Certain pragmas are dealt with using hint bits,
+    # so we ignore them here
+    if ($module eq 'strict' || $module eq 'integer'
+	|| $module eq 'bytes' || $module eq 'warnings'
+	|| $module eq 'feature') {
+	return "";
+    }
+
+    if (defined $version && length $args) {
+	return "$use $module $version ($args);\n";
+    } elsif (defined $version) {
+	return "$use $module $version;\n";
+    } elsif (length $args) {
+	return "$use $module ($args);\n";
+    } else {
+	return "$use $module;\n";
+    }
+}
+
+sub stash_subs {
+    my ($self, $pack) = @_;
+    my (@ret, $stash);
+    if (!defined $pack) {
+	$pack = '';
+	$stash = \%::;
+    }
+    else {
+	$pack =~ s/(::)?$/::/;
+	no strict 'refs';
+	$stash = \%{"main::$pack"};
+    }
+    my %stash = svref_2object($stash)->ARRAY;
+    while (my ($key, $val) = each %stash) {
+	my $class = class($val);
+	if ($class eq "PV") {
+	    # Just a prototype. As an ugly but fairly effective way
+	    # to find out if it belongs here is to see if the AUTOLOAD
+	    # (if any) for the stash was defined in one of our files.
+	    my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
+	    if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
+		&& class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
+		my $AF = $A->FILE;
+		next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
+	    }
+	    push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, $val->PV];
+	} elsif ($class eq "IV" && !($val->FLAGS & SVf_ROK)) {
+	    # Just a name. As above.
+	    # But skip proxy constant subroutines, as some form of perl-space
+	    # visible code must have created them, be it a use statement, or
+	    # some direct symbol-table manipulation code that we will Deparse
+	    my $A = $stash{"AUTOLOAD"};
+	    if (defined ($A) && class($A) eq "GV" && defined($A->CV)
+		&& class($A->CV) eq "CV") {
+		my $AF = $A->FILE;
+		next unless $AF eq $0 || exists $self->{'files'}{$AF};
+	    }
+	    push @{$self->{'protos_todo'}}, [$pack . $key, undef];
+	} elsif ($class eq "GV") {
+	    if (class(my $cv = $val->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
+		next if $self->{'subs_done'}{$$val}++;
+		next if $$val != ${$cv->GV};   # Ignore imposters
+		$self->todo($cv, 0);
+	    }
+	    if (class(my $cv = $val->FORM) ne "SPECIAL") {
+		next if $self->{'forms_done'}{$$val}++;
+		next if $$val != ${$cv->GV};   # Ignore imposters
+		$self->todo($cv, 1);
+	    }
+	    if (class($val->HV) ne "SPECIAL" && $key =~ /::$/) {
+		$self->stash_subs($pack . $key)
+		    unless $pack eq '' && $key eq 'main::';
+		    # avoid infinite recursion
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub print_protos {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $ar;
+    my @ret;
+    foreach $ar (@{$self->{'protos_todo'}}) {
+	my $proto = (defined $ar->[1] ? " (". $ar->[1] . ")" : "");
+	push @ret, "sub " . $ar->[0] .  "$proto;\n";
+    }
+    delete $self->{'protos_todo'};
+    return @ret;
+}
+
+sub style_opts {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $opts = shift;
+    my $opt;
+    while (length($opt = substr($opts, 0, 1))) {
+	if ($opt eq "C") {
+	    $self->{'cuddle'} = " ";
+	    $opts = substr($opts, 1);
+	} elsif ($opt eq "i") {
+	    $opts =~ s/^i(\d+)//;
+	    $self->{'indent_size'} = $1;
+	} elsif ($opt eq "T") {
+	    $self->{'use_tabs'} = 1;
+	    $opts = substr($opts, 1);
+	} elsif ($opt eq "v") {
+	    $opts =~ s/^v([^.]*)(.|$)//;
+	    $self->{'ex_const'} = $1;
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $self = bless {}, $class;
+    $self->{'cuddle'} = "\n";
+    $self->{'curcop'} = undef;
+    $self->{'curstash'} = "main";
+    $self->{'ex_const'} = "'???'";
+    $self->{'expand'} = 0;
+    $self->{'files'} = {};
+    $self->{'indent_size'} = 4;
+    $self->{'linenums'} = 0;
+    $self->{'parens'} = 0;
+    $self->{'subs_todo'} = [];
+    $self->{'unquote'} = 0;
+    $self->{'use_dumper'} = 0;
+    $self->{'use_tabs'} = 0;
+
+    $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = 0;
+    $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = undef; # Assume no lexical warnings
+    $self->{'ambient_hints'} = 0;
+    $self->{'ambient_hinthash'} = undef;
+    $self->init();
+
+    while (my $arg = shift @_) {
+	if ($arg eq "-d") {
+	    $self->{'use_dumper'} = 1;
+	    require Data::Dumper;
+	} elsif ($arg =~ /^-f(.*)/) {
+	    $self->{'files'}{$1} = 1;
+	} elsif ($arg eq "-l") {
+	    $self->{'linenums'} = 1;
+	} elsif ($arg eq "-p") {
+	    $self->{'parens'} = 1;
+	} elsif ($arg eq "-P") {
+	    $self->{'noproto'} = 1;
+	} elsif ($arg eq "-q") {
+	    $self->{'unquote'} = 1;
+	} elsif (substr($arg, 0, 2) eq "-s") {
+	    $self->style_opts(substr $arg, 2);
+	} elsif ($arg =~ /^-x(\d)$/) {
+	    $self->{'expand'} = $1;
+	}
+    }
+    return $self;
+}
+
+{
+    # Mask out the bits that L<warnings::register> uses
+    my $WARN_MASK;
+    BEGIN {
+	$WARN_MASK = $warnings::Bits{all} | $warnings::DeadBits{all};
+    }
+    sub WARN_MASK () {
+	return $WARN_MASK;
+    }
+}
+
+# Initialise the contextual information, either from
+# defaults provided with the ambient_pragmas method,
+# or from perl's own defaults otherwise.
+sub init {
+    my $self = shift;
+
+    $self->{'arybase'}  = $self->{'ambient_arybase'};
+    $self->{'warnings'} = defined ($self->{'ambient_warnings'})
+				? $self->{'ambient_warnings'} & WARN_MASK
+				: undef;
+    $self->{'hints'}    = $self->{'ambient_hints'};
+    $self->{'hints'} &= 0xFF if $] < 5.009;
+    $self->{'hinthash'} = $self->{'ambient_hinthash'};
+
+    # also a convenient place to clear out subs_declared
+    delete $self->{'subs_declared'};
+}
+
+sub compile {
+    my(@args) = @_;
+    return sub {
+	my $self = B::Deparse->new(@args);
+	# First deparse command-line args
+	if (defined $^I) { # deparse -i
+	    print q(BEGIN { $^I = ).perlstring($^I).qq(; }\n);
+	}
+	if ($^W) { # deparse -w
+	    print qq(BEGIN { \$^W = $^W; }\n);
+	}
+	if ($/ ne "\n" or defined $O::savebackslash) { # deparse -l and -0
+	    my $fs = perlstring($/) || 'undef';
+	    my $bs = perlstring($O::savebackslash) || 'undef';
+	    print qq(BEGIN { \$/ = $fs; \$\\ = $bs; }\n);
+	}
+	my @BEGINs  = B::begin_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::begin_av->ARRAY : ();
+	my @UNITCHECKs = B::unitcheck_av->isa("B::AV")
+	    ? B::unitcheck_av->ARRAY
+	    : ();
+	my @CHECKs  = B::check_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::check_av->ARRAY : ();
+	my @INITs   = B::init_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::init_av->ARRAY : ();
+	my @ENDs    = B::end_av->isa("B::AV") ? B::end_av->ARRAY : ();
+	for my $block (@BEGINs, @UNITCHECKs, @CHECKs, @INITs, @ENDs) {
+	    $self->todo($block, 0);
+	}
+	$self->stash_subs();
+	local($SIG{"__DIE__"}) =
+	  sub {
+	      if ($self->{'curcop'}) {
+		  my $cop = $self->{'curcop'};
+		  my($line, $file) = ($cop->line, $cop->file);
+		  print STDERR "While deparsing $file near line $line,\n";
+	      }
+	    };
+	$self->{'curcv'} = main_cv;
+	$self->{'curcvlex'} = undef;
+	print $self->print_protos;
+	@{$self->{'subs_todo'}} =
+	  sort {$a->[0] <=> $b->[0]} @{$self->{'subs_todo'}};
+	print $self->indent($self->deparse_root(main_root)), "\n"
+	  unless null main_root;
+	my @text;
+	while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})) {
+	    push @text, $self->next_todo;
+	}
+	print $self->indent(join("", @text)), "\n" if @text;
+
+	# Print __DATA__ section, if necessary
+	no strict 'refs';
+	my $laststash = defined $self->{'curcop'}
+	    ? $self->{'curcop'}->stash->NAME : $self->{'curstash'};
+	if (defined *{$laststash."::DATA"}{IO}) {
+	    print "package $laststash;\n"
+		unless $laststash eq $self->{'curstash'};
+	    print "__DATA__\n";
+	    print readline(*{$laststash."::DATA"});
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub coderef2text {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $sub = shift;
+    croak "Usage: ->coderef2text(CODEREF)" unless UNIVERSAL::isa($sub, "CODE");
+
+    $self->init();
+    return $self->indent($self->deparse_sub(svref_2object($sub)));
+}
+
+sub ambient_pragmas {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($arybase, $hint_bits, $warning_bits, $hinthash) = (0, 0);
+
+    while (@_ > 1) {
+	my $name = shift();
+	my $val  = shift();
+
+	if ($name eq 'strict') {
+	    require strict;
+
+	    if ($val eq 'none') {
+		$hint_bits &= ~strict::bits(qw/refs subs vars/);
+		next();
+	    }
+
+	    my @names;
+	    if ($val eq "all") {
+		@names = qw/refs subs vars/;
+	    }
+	    elsif (ref $val) {
+		@names = @$val;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		@names = split' ', $val;
+	    }
+	    $hint_bits |= strict::bits(@names);
+	}
+
+	elsif ($name eq '$[') {
+	    $arybase = $val;
+	}
+
+	elsif ($name eq 'integer'
+	    || $name eq 'bytes'
+	    || $name eq 'utf8') {
+	    require "$name.pm";
+	    if ($val) {
+		$hint_bits |= ${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
+	    }
+	    else {
+		$hint_bits &= ~${$::{"${name}::"}{"hint_bits"}};
+	    }
+	}
+
+	elsif ($name eq 're') {
+	    require re;
+	    if ($val eq 'none') {
+		$hint_bits &= ~re::bits(qw/taint eval/);
+		next();
+	    }
+
+	    my @names;
+	    if ($val eq 'all') {
+		@names = qw/taint eval/;
+	    }
+	    elsif (ref $val) {
+		@names = @$val;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		@names = split' ',$val;
+	    }
+	    $hint_bits |= re::bits(@names);
+	}
+
+	elsif ($name eq 'warnings') {
+	    if ($val eq 'none') {
+		$warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
+		next();
+	    }
+
+	    my @names;
+	    if (ref $val) {
+		@names = @$val;
+	    }
+	    else {
+		@names = split/\s+/, $val;
+	    }
+
+	    $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE if !defined ($warning_bits);
+	    $warning_bits |= warnings::bits(@names);
+	}
+
+	elsif ($name eq 'warning_bits') {
+	    $warning_bits = $val;
+	}
+
+	elsif ($name eq 'hint_bits') {
+	    $hint_bits = $val;
+	}
+
+	elsif ($name eq '%^H') {
+	    $hinthash = $val;
+	}
+
+	else {
+	    croak "Unknown pragma type: $name";
+	}
+    }
+    if (@_) {
+	croak "The ambient_pragmas method expects an even number of args";
+    }
+
+    $self->{'ambient_arybase'} = $arybase;
+    $self->{'ambient_warnings'} = $warning_bits;
+    $self->{'ambient_hints'} = $hint_bits;
+    $self->{'ambient_hinthash'} = $hinthash;
+}
+
+# This method is the inner loop, so try to keep it simple
+sub deparse {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+
+    Carp::confess("Null op in deparse") if !defined($op)
+					|| class($op) eq "NULL";
+    my $meth = "pp_" . $op->name;
+    return $self->$meth($op, $cx);
+}
+
+sub indent {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $txt = shift;
+    my @lines = split(/\n/, $txt);
+    my $leader = "";
+    my $level = 0;
+    my $line;
+    for $line (@lines) {
+	my $cmd = substr($line, 0, 1);
+	if ($cmd eq "\t" or $cmd eq "\b") {
+	    $level += ($cmd eq "\t" ? 1 : -1) * $self->{'indent_size'};
+	    if ($self->{'use_tabs'}) {
+		$leader = "\t" x ($level / 8) . " " x ($level % 8);
+	    } else {
+		$leader = " " x $level;
+	    }
+	    $line = substr($line, 1);
+	}
+	if (substr($line, 0, 1) eq "\f") {
+	    $line = substr($line, 1); # no indent
+	} else {
+	    $line = $leader . $line;
+	}
+	$line =~ s/\cK;?//g;
+    }
+    return join("\n", @lines);
+}
+
+sub deparse_sub {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $cv = shift;
+    my $proto = "";
+Carp::confess("NULL in deparse_sub") if !defined($cv) || $cv->isa("B::NULL");
+Carp::confess("SPECIAL in deparse_sub") if $cv->isa("B::SPECIAL");
+    local $self->{'curcop'} = $self->{'curcop'};
+    if ($cv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
+	$proto = "(". $cv->PV . ") ";
+    }
+    if ($cv->CvFLAGS & (CVf_METHOD|CVf_LOCKED|CVf_LVALUE)) {
+        $proto .= ": ";
+        $proto .= "lvalue " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LVALUE;
+        $proto .= "locked " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_LOCKED;
+        $proto .= "method " if $cv->CvFLAGS & CVf_METHOD;
+    }
+
+    local($self->{'curcv'}) = $cv;
+    local($self->{'curcvlex'});
+    local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
+		= @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
+    my $body;
+    if (not null $cv->ROOT) {
+	my $lineseq = $cv->ROOT->first;
+	if ($lineseq->name eq "lineseq") {
+	    my @ops;
+	    for(my$o=$lineseq->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
+		push @ops, $o;
+	    }
+	    $body = $self->lineseq(undef, @ops).";";
+	    my $scope_en = $self->find_scope_en($lineseq);
+	    if (defined $scope_en) {
+		my $subs = join"", $self->seq_subs($scope_en);
+		$body .= ";\n$subs" if length($subs);
+	    }
+	}
+	else {
+	    $body = $self->deparse($cv->ROOT->first, 0);
+	}
+    }
+    else {
+	my $sv = $cv->const_sv;
+	if ($$sv) {
+	    # uh-oh. inlinable sub... format it differently
+	    return $proto . "{ " . $self->const($sv, 0) . " }\n";
+	} else { # XSUB? (or just a declaration)
+	    return "$proto;\n";
+	}
+    }
+    return $proto ."{\n\t$body\n\b}" ."\n";
+}
+
+sub deparse_format {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $form = shift;
+    my @text;
+    local($self->{'curcv'}) = $form;
+    local($self->{'curcvlex'});
+    local($self->{'in_format'}) = 1;
+    local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
+		= @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
+    my $op = $form->ROOT;
+    my $kid;
+    return "\f." if $op->first->name eq 'stub'
+                || $op->first->name eq 'nextstate';
+    $op = $op->first->first; # skip leavewrite, lineseq
+    while (not null $op) {
+	$op = $op->sibling; # skip nextstate
+	my @exprs;
+	$kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
+	push @text, "\f".$self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+	for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	    push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 0);
+	}
+	push @text, "\f".join(", ", @exprs)."\n" if @exprs;
+	$op = $op->sibling;
+    }
+    return join("", @text) . "\f.";
+}
+
+sub is_scope {
+    my $op = shift;
+    return $op->name eq "leave" || $op->name eq "scope"
+      || $op->name eq "lineseq"
+	|| ($op->name eq "null" && class($op) eq "UNOP"
+	    && (is_scope($op->first) || $op->first->name eq "enter"));
+}
+
+sub is_state {
+    my $name = $_[0]->name;
+    return $name eq "nextstate" || $name eq "dbstate" || $name eq "setstate";
+}
+
+sub is_miniwhile { # check for one-line loop (`foo() while $y--')
+    my $op = shift;
+    return (!null($op) and null($op->sibling)
+	    and $op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
+	    and (($op->first->name =~ /^(and|or)$/
+		  and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "lineseq")
+		 or ($op->first->name eq "lineseq"
+		     and not null $op->first->first->sibling
+		     and $op->first->first->sibling->name eq "unstack")
+		 ));
+}
+
+# Check if the op and its sibling are the initialization and the rest of a
+# for (..;..;..) { ... } loop
+sub is_for_loop {
+    my $op = shift;
+    # This OP might be almost anything, though it won't be a
+    # nextstate. (It's the initialization, so in the canonical case it
+    # will be an sassign.) The sibling is (old style) a lineseq whose
+    # first child is a nextstate and whose second is a leaveloop, or
+    # (new style) an unstack whose sibling is a leaveloop.
+    my $lseq = $op->sibling;
+    return 0 unless !is_state($op) and !null($lseq);
+    if ($lseq->name eq "lineseq") {
+	if ($lseq->first && !null($lseq->first) && is_state($lseq->first)
+	    && (my $sib = $lseq->first->sibling)) {
+	    return (!null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop");
+	}
+    } elsif ($lseq->name eq "unstack" && ($lseq->flags & OPf_SPECIAL)) {
+	my $sib = $lseq->sibling;
+	return $sib && !null($sib) && $sib->name eq "leaveloop";
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub is_scalar {
+    my $op = shift;
+    return ($op->name eq "rv2sv" or
+	    $op->name eq "padsv" or
+	    $op->name eq "gv" or # only in array/hash constructs
+	    $op->flags & OPf_KIDS && !null($op->first)
+	      && $op->first->name eq "gvsv");
+}
+
+sub maybe_parens {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
+    if ($prec < $cx              # unary ops nest just fine
+	or $prec == $cx and $cx != 4 and $cx != 16 and $cx != 21
+	or $self->{'parens'})
+    {
+	$text = "($text)";
+	# In a unop, let parent reuse our parens; see maybe_parens_unop
+	$text = "\cS" . $text if $cx == 16;
+	return $text;
+    } else {
+	return $text;
+    }
+}
+
+# same as above, but get around the `if it looks like a function' rule
+sub maybe_parens_unop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($name, $kid, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($cx > 16 or $self->{'parens'}) {
+	$kid =  $self->deparse($kid, 1);
+ 	if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
+	    $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
+	}
+	return "$name($kid)";
+    } else {
+	$kid = $self->deparse($kid, 16);
+ 	if ($name eq "umask" && $kid =~ /^\d+$/) {
+	    $kid = sprintf("%#o", $kid);
+	}
+	if (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "\cS") {
+	    # use kid's parens
+	    return $name . substr($kid, 1);
+	} elsif (substr($kid, 0, 1) eq "(") {
+	    # avoid looks-like-a-function trap with extra parens
+	    # (`+' can lead to ambiguities)
+	    return "$name(" . $kid  . ")";
+	} else {
+	    return "$name $kid";
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub maybe_parens_func {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($func, $text, $cx, $prec) = @_;
+    if ($prec <= $cx or substr($text, 0, 1) eq "(" or $self->{'parens'}) {
+	return "$func($text)";
+    } else {
+	return "$func $text";
+    }
+}
+
+sub maybe_local {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
+    my $our_intro = ($op->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/) ? OPpOUR_INTRO : 0;
+    if ($op->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|$our_intro)
+	and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
+	my $our_local = ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) ? "local" : "our";
+	if( $our_local eq 'our' ) {
+	    if ( $text !~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/
+	     and !utf8::decode($text) || $text !~ /^\W(\w+::)*\w+\z/
+	    ) {
+		die "Unexpected our($text)\n";
+	    }
+	    $text =~ s/(\w+::)+//;
+	}
+        if (want_scalar($op)) {
+	    return "$our_local $text";
+	} else {
+	    return $self->maybe_parens_func("$our_local", $text, $cx, 16);
+	}
+    } else {
+	return $text;
+    }
+}
+
+sub maybe_targmy {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $func, @args) = @_;
+    if ($op->private & OPpTARGET_MY) {
+	my $var = $self->padname($op->targ);
+	my $val = $func->($self, $op, 7, @args);
+	return $self->maybe_parens("$var = $val", $cx, 7);
+    } else {
+	return $func->($self, $op, $cx, @args);
+    }
+}
+
+sub padname_sv {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $targ = shift;
+    return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(0)->ARRAYelt($targ);
+}
+
+sub maybe_my {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $text) = @_;
+    if ($op->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO and not $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$op}) {
+	my $my = $op->private & OPpPAD_STATE ? "state" : "my";
+	if (want_scalar($op)) {
+	    return "$my $text";
+	} else {
+	    return $self->maybe_parens_func($my, $text, $cx, 16);
+	}
+    } else {
+	return $text;
+    }
+}
+
+# The following OPs don't have functions:
+
+# pp_padany -- does not exist after parsing
+
+sub AUTOLOAD {
+    if ($AUTOLOAD =~ s/^.*::pp_//) {
+	warn "unexpected OP_".uc $AUTOLOAD;
+	return "XXX";
+    } else {
+	die "Undefined subroutine $AUTOLOAD called";
+    }
+}
+
+sub DESTROY {}	#	Do not AUTOLOAD
+
+# $root should be the op which represents the root of whatever
+# we're sequencing here. If it's undefined, then we don't append
+# any subroutine declarations to the deparsed ops, otherwise we
+# append appropriate declarations.
+sub lineseq {
+    my($self, $root, @ops) = @_;
+    my($expr, @exprs);
+
+    my $out_cop = $self->{'curcop'};
+    my $out_seq = defined($out_cop) ? $out_cop->cop_seq : undef;
+    my $limit_seq;
+    if (defined $root) {
+	$limit_seq = $out_seq;
+	my $nseq;
+	$nseq = $self->find_scope_st($root->sibling) if ${$root->sibling};
+	$limit_seq = $nseq if !defined($limit_seq)
+			   or defined($nseq) && $nseq < $limit_seq;
+    }
+    $limit_seq = $self->{'limit_seq'}
+	if defined($self->{'limit_seq'})
+	&& (!defined($limit_seq) || $self->{'limit_seq'} < $limit_seq);
+    local $self->{'limit_seq'} = $limit_seq;
+
+    $self->walk_lineseq($root, \@ops,
+		       sub { push @exprs, $_[0]} );
+
+    my $body = join(";\n", grep {length} @exprs);
+    my $subs = "";
+    if (defined $root && defined $limit_seq && !$self->{'in_format'}) {
+	$subs = join "\n", $self->seq_subs($limit_seq);
+    }
+    return join(";\n", grep {length} $body, $subs);
+}
+
+sub scopeop {
+    my($real_block, $self, $op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid;
+    my @kids;
+
+    local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
+		= @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'} if $real_block;
+    if ($real_block) {
+	$kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip enter
+	if (is_miniwhile($kid)) {
+	    my $top = $kid->first;
+	    my $name = $top->name;
+	    if ($name eq "and") {
+		$name = "while";
+	    } elsif ($name eq "or") {
+		$name = "until";
+	    } else { # no conditional -> while 1 or until 0
+		return $self->deparse($top->first, 1) . " while 1";
+	    }
+	    my $cond = $top->first;
+	    my $body = $cond->sibling->first; # skip lineseq
+	    $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
+	    $body = $self->deparse($body, 1);
+	    return "$body $name $cond";
+	}
+    } else {
+	$kid = $op->first;
+    }
+    for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	push @kids, $kid;
+    }
+    if ($cx > 0) { # inside an expression, (a do {} while for lineseq)
+	return "do {\n\t" . $self->lineseq($op, @kids) . "\n\b}";
+    } else {
+	my $lineseq = $self->lineseq($op, @kids);
+	return (length ($lineseq) ? "$lineseq;" : "");
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_scope { scopeop(0, @_); }
+sub pp_lineseq { scopeop(0, @_); }
+sub pp_leave { scopeop(1, @_); }
+
+# This is a special case of scopeop and lineseq, for the case of the
+# main_root. The difference is that we print the output statements as
+# soon as we get them, for the sake of impatient users.
+sub deparse_root {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op) = @_;
+    local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
+      = @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
+    my @kids;
+    return if null $op->first; # Can happen, e.g., for Bytecode without -k
+    for (my $kid = $op->first->sibling; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	push @kids, $kid;
+    }
+    $self->walk_lineseq($op, \@kids,
+			sub { print $self->indent($_[0].';');
+			      print "\n" unless $_[1] == $#kids;
+			  });
+}
+
+sub walk_lineseq {
+    my ($self, $op, $kids, $callback) = @_;
+    my @kids = @$kids;
+    for (my $i = 0; $i < @kids; $i++) {
+	my $expr = "";
+	if (is_state $kids[$i]) {
+	    $expr = $self->deparse($kids[$i++], 0);
+	    if ($i > $#kids) {
+		$callback->($expr, $i);
+		last;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (is_for_loop($kids[$i])) {
+	    $callback->($expr . $self->for_loop($kids[$i], 0),
+		$i += $kids[$i]->sibling->name eq "unstack" ? 2 : 1);
+	    next;
+	}
+	$expr .= $self->deparse($kids[$i], (@kids != 1)/2);
+	$expr =~ s/;\n?\z//;
+	$callback->($expr, $i);
+    }
+}
+
+# The BEGIN {} is used here because otherwise this code isn't executed
+# when you run B::Deparse on itself.
+my %globalnames;
+BEGIN { map($globalnames{$_}++, "SIG", "STDIN", "STDOUT", "STDERR", "INC",
+	    "ENV", "ARGV", "ARGVOUT", "_"); }
+
+sub gv_name {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $gv = shift;
+Carp::confess() unless ref($gv) eq "B::GV";
+    my $stash = $gv->STASH->NAME;
+    my $name = $gv->SAFENAME;
+    if ($stash eq 'main' && $name =~ /^::/) {
+	$stash = '::';
+    }
+    elsif (($stash eq 'main' && $globalnames{$name})
+	or ($stash eq $self->{'curstash'} && !$globalnames{$name}
+	    && ($stash eq 'main' || $name !~ /::/))
+	or $name =~ /^[^A-Za-z_:]/)
+    {
+	$stash = "";
+    } else {
+	$stash = $stash . "::";
+    }
+    if ($name =~ /^(\^..|{)/) {
+        $name = "{$name}";       # ${^WARNING_BITS}, etc and ${
+    }
+    return $stash . $name;
+}
+
+# Return the name to use for a stash variable.
+# If a lexical with the same name is in scope, it may need to be
+# fully-qualified.
+sub stash_variable {
+    my ($self, $prefix, $name) = @_;
+
+    return "$prefix$name" if $name =~ /::/;
+
+    unless ($prefix eq '$' || $prefix eq '@' || #'
+	    $prefix eq '%' || $prefix eq '$#') {
+	return "$prefix$name";
+    }
+
+    my $v = ($prefix eq '$#' ? '@' : $prefix) . $name;
+    return $prefix .$self->{'curstash'}.'::'. $name if $self->lex_in_scope($v);
+    return "$prefix$name";
+}
+
+sub lex_in_scope {
+    my ($self, $name) = @_;
+    $self->populate_curcvlex() if !defined $self->{'curcvlex'};
+
+    return 0 if !defined($self->{'curcop'});
+    my $seq = $self->{'curcop'}->cop_seq;
+    return 0 if !exists $self->{'curcvlex'}{$name};
+    for my $a (@{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}) {
+	my ($st, $en) = @$a;
+	return 1 if $seq > $st && $seq <= $en;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub populate_curcvlex {
+    my $self = shift;
+    for (my $cv = $self->{'curcv'}; class($cv) eq "CV"; $cv = $cv->OUTSIDE) {
+	my $padlist = $cv->PADLIST;
+	# an undef CV still in lexical chain
+	next if class($padlist) eq "SPECIAL";
+	my @padlist = $padlist->ARRAY;
+	my @ns = $padlist[0]->ARRAY;
+
+	for (my $i=0; $i<@ns; ++$i) {
+	    next if class($ns[$i]) eq "SPECIAL";
+	    next if $ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVpad_OUR;  # Skip "our" vars
+	    if (class($ns[$i]) eq "PV") {
+		# Probably that pesky lexical @_
+		next;
+	    }
+            my $name = $ns[$i]->PVX;
+	    my ($seq_st, $seq_en) =
+		($ns[$i]->FLAGS & SVf_FAKE)
+		    ? (0, 999999)
+		    : ($ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW, $ns[$i]->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH);
+
+	    push @{$self->{'curcvlex'}{$name}}, [$seq_st, $seq_en];
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub find_scope_st { ((find_scope(@_))[0]); }
+sub find_scope_en { ((find_scope(@_))[1]); }
+
+# Recurses down the tree, looking for pad variable introductions and COPs
+sub find_scope {
+    my ($self, $op, $scope_st, $scope_en) = @_;
+    carp("Undefined op in find_scope") if !defined $op;
+    return ($scope_st, $scope_en) unless $op->flags & OPf_KIDS;
+
+    my @queue = ($op);
+    while(my $op = shift @queue ) {
+	for (my $o=$op->first; $$o; $o=$o->sibling) {
+	    if ($o->name =~ /^pad.v$/ && $o->private & OPpLVAL_INTRO) {
+		my $s = int($self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_LOW);
+		my $e = $self->padname_sv($o->targ)->COP_SEQ_RANGE_HIGH;
+		$scope_st = $s if !defined($scope_st) || $s < $scope_st;
+		$scope_en = $e if !defined($scope_en) || $e > $scope_en;
+		return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
+	    }
+	    elsif (is_state($o)) {
+		my $c = $o->cop_seq;
+		$scope_st = $c if !defined($scope_st) || $c < $scope_st;
+		$scope_en = $c if !defined($scope_en) || $c > $scope_en;
+		return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
+	    }
+	    elsif ($o->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
+		unshift (@queue, $o);
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+
+    return ($scope_st, $scope_en);
+}
+
+# Returns a list of subs which should be inserted before the COP
+sub cop_subs {
+    my ($self, $op, $out_seq) = @_;
+    my $seq = $op->cop_seq;
+    # If we have nephews, then our sequence number indicates
+    # the cop_seq of the end of some sort of scope.
+    if (class($op->sibling) ne "NULL" && $op->sibling->flags & OPf_KIDS
+	and my $nseq = $self->find_scope_st($op->sibling) ) {
+	$seq = $nseq;
+    }
+    $seq = $out_seq if defined($out_seq) && $out_seq < $seq;
+    return $self->seq_subs($seq);
+}
+
+sub seq_subs {
+    my ($self, $seq) = @_;
+    my @text;
+#push @text, "# ($seq)\n";
+
+    return "" if !defined $seq;
+    while (scalar(@{$self->{'subs_todo'}})
+	   and $seq > $self->{'subs_todo'}[0][0]) {
+	push @text, $self->next_todo;
+    }
+    return @text;
+}
+
+# Notice how subs and formats are inserted between statements here;
+# also $[ assignments and pragmas.
+sub pp_nextstate {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    $self->{'curcop'} = $op;
+    my @text;
+    push @text, $self->cop_subs($op);
+    my $stash = $op->stashpv;
+    if ($stash ne $self->{'curstash'}) {
+	push @text, "package $stash;\n";
+	$self->{'curstash'} = $stash;
+    }
+
+    if ($self->{'arybase'} != $op->arybase) {
+	push @text, '$[ = '. $op->arybase .";\n";
+	$self->{'arybase'} = $op->arybase;
+    }
+
+    my $warnings = $op->warnings;
+    my $warning_bits;
+    if ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 4) {
+	$warning_bits = $warnings::Bits{"all"} & WARN_MASK;
+    }
+    elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL") && $$warnings == 5) {
+        $warning_bits = $warnings::NONE;
+    }
+    elsif ($warnings->isa("B::SPECIAL")) {
+	$warning_bits = undef;
+    }
+    else {
+	$warning_bits = $warnings->PV & WARN_MASK;
+    }
+
+    if (defined ($warning_bits) and
+       !defined($self->{warnings}) || $self->{'warnings'} ne $warning_bits) {
+	push @text, declare_warnings($self->{'warnings'}, $warning_bits);
+	$self->{'warnings'} = $warning_bits;
+    }
+
+    my $hints = $] < 5.008009 ? $op->private : $op->hints;
+    if ($self->{'hints'} != $hints) {
+	push @text, declare_hints($self->{'hints'}, $hints);
+	$self->{'hints'} = $hints;
+    }
+
+    # hack to check that the hint hash hasn't changed
+    if ($] > 5.009 &&
+	"@{[sort %{$self->{'hinthash'} || {}}]}"
+	ne "@{[sort %{$op->hints_hash->HASH || {}}]}") {
+	push @text, declare_hinthash($self->{'hinthash'}, $op->hints_hash->HASH, $self->{indent_size});
+	$self->{'hinthash'} = $op->hints_hash->HASH;
+    }
+
+    # This should go after of any branches that add statements, to
+    # increase the chances that it refers to the same line it did in
+    # the original program.
+    if ($self->{'linenums'}) {
+	push @text, "\f#line " . $op->line .
+	  ' "' . $op->file, qq'"\n';
+    }
+
+    push @text, $op->label . ": " if $op->label;
+
+    return join("", @text);
+}
+
+sub declare_warnings {
+    my ($from, $to) = @_;
+    if (($to & WARN_MASK) eq (warnings::bits("all") & WARN_MASK)) {
+	return "use warnings;\n";
+    }
+    elsif (($to & WARN_MASK) eq ("\0"x length($to) & WARN_MASK)) {
+	return "no warnings;\n";
+    }
+    return "BEGIN {\${^WARNING_BITS} = ".perlstring($to)."}\n";
+}
+
+sub declare_hints {
+    my ($from, $to) = @_;
+    my $use = $to   & ~$from;
+    my $no  = $from & ~$to;
+    my $decls = "";
+    for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($use)) {
+	$decls .= "use $pragma;\n";
+    }
+    for my $pragma (hint_pragmas($no)) {
+        $decls .= "no $pragma;\n";
+    }
+    return $decls;
+}
+
+# Internal implementation hints that the core sets automatically, so don't need
+# (or want) to be passed back to the user
+my %ignored_hints = (
+    'open<' => 1,
+    'open>' => 1,
+    ':'     => 1,
+);
+
+sub declare_hinthash {
+    my ($from, $to, $indent) = @_;
+    my @decls;
+    for my $key (keys %$to) {
+	next if $ignored_hints{$key};
+	if (!defined $from->{$key} or $from->{$key} ne $to->{$key}) {
+	    push @decls, qq(\$^H{'$key'} = q($to->{$key}););
+	}
+    }
+    for my $key (keys %$from) {
+	next if $ignored_hints{$key};
+	if (!exists $to->{$key}) {
+	    push @decls, qq(delete \$^H{'$key'};);
+	}
+    }
+    @decls or return '';
+    return join("\n" . (" " x $indent), "BEGIN {", @decls) . "\n}\n";
+}
+
+sub hint_pragmas {
+    my ($bits) = @_;
+    my @pragmas;
+    push @pragmas, "integer" if $bits & 0x1;
+    push @pragmas, "strict 'refs'" if $bits & 0x2;
+    push @pragmas, "bytes" if $bits & 0x8;
+    return @pragmas;
+}
+
+sub pp_dbstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
+sub pp_setstate { pp_nextstate(@_) }
+
+sub pp_unstack { return "" } # see also leaveloop
+
+sub baseop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    return $name;
+}
+
+sub pp_stub {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    if ($cx >= 1) {
+	return "()";
+    }
+    else {
+	return "();";
+    }
+}
+sub pp_wantarray { baseop(@_, "wantarray") }
+sub pp_fork { baseop(@_, "fork") }
+sub pp_wait { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "wait") }
+sub pp_getppid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "getppid") }
+sub pp_time { maybe_targmy(@_, \&baseop, "time") }
+sub pp_tms { baseop(@_, "times") }
+sub pp_ghostent { baseop(@_, "gethostent") }
+sub pp_gnetent { baseop(@_, "getnetent") }
+sub pp_gprotoent { baseop(@_, "getprotoent") }
+sub pp_gservent { baseop(@_, "getservent") }
+sub pp_ehostent { baseop(@_, "endhostent") }
+sub pp_enetent { baseop(@_, "endnetent") }
+sub pp_eprotoent { baseop(@_, "endprotoent") }
+sub pp_eservent { baseop(@_, "endservent") }
+sub pp_gpwent { baseop(@_, "getpwent") }
+sub pp_spwent { baseop(@_, "setpwent") }
+sub pp_epwent { baseop(@_, "endpwent") }
+sub pp_ggrent { baseop(@_, "getgrent") }
+sub pp_sgrent { baseop(@_, "setgrent") }
+sub pp_egrent { baseop(@_, "endgrent") }
+sub pp_getlogin { baseop(@_, "getlogin") }
+
+sub POSTFIX () { 1 }
+
+# I couldn't think of a good short name, but this is the category of
+# symbolic unary operators with interesting precedence
+
+sub pfixop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    $kid = $self->deparse($kid, $prec);
+    return $self->maybe_parens(($flags & POSTFIX) ? "$kid$name" : "$name$kid",
+			       $cx, $prec);
+}
+
+sub pp_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
+sub pp_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
+sub pp_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
+sub pp_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
+sub pp_i_preinc { pfixop(@_, "++", 23) }
+sub pp_i_predec { pfixop(@_, "--", 23) }
+sub pp_i_postinc { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "++", 23, POSTFIX) }
+sub pp_i_postdec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "--", 23, POSTFIX) }
+sub pp_complement { maybe_targmy(@_, \&pfixop, "~", 21) }
+
+sub pp_negate { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_negate) }
+sub real_negate {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($op->first->name =~ /^(i_)?negate$/) {
+	# avoid --$x
+	$self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21.5);
+    } else {
+	$self->pfixop($op, $cx, "-", 21);	
+    }
+}
+sub pp_i_negate { pp_negate(@_) }
+
+sub pp_not {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($cx <= 4) {
+	$self->pfixop($op, $cx, "not ", 4);
+    } else {
+	$self->pfixop($op, $cx, "!", 21);	
+    }
+}
+
+sub unop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    my $kid;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
+	$kid = $op->first;
+ 	if (not $name) {
+ 	    # this deals with 'boolkeys' right now
+ 	    return $self->deparse($kid,$cx);
+ 	}
+	my $builtinname = $name;
+	$builtinname =~ /^CORE::/ or $builtinname = "CORE::$name";
+	if (defined prototype($builtinname)
+	   && prototype($builtinname) =~ /^;?\*/
+	   && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
+	    $kid = $kid->first;
+	}
+
+	return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
+    } else {
+	return $name .  ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_chop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
+sub pp_chomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
+sub pp_schop { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chop") }
+sub pp_schomp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chomp") }
+sub pp_defined { unop(@_, "defined") }
+sub pp_undef { unop(@_, "undef") }
+sub pp_study { unop(@_, "study") }
+sub pp_ref { unop(@_, "ref") }
+sub pp_pos { maybe_local(@_, unop(@_, "pos")) }
+
+sub pp_sin { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sin") }
+sub pp_cos { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "cos") }
+sub pp_rand { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rand") }
+sub pp_srand { unop(@_, "srand") }
+sub pp_exp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "exp") }
+sub pp_log { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "log") }
+sub pp_sqrt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sqrt") }
+sub pp_int { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "int") }
+sub pp_hex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "hex") }
+sub pp_oct { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "oct") }
+sub pp_abs { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "abs") }
+
+sub pp_length { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "length") }
+sub pp_ord { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "ord") }
+sub pp_chr { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chr") }
+
+sub pp_each { unop(@_, "each") }
+sub pp_values { unop(@_, "values") }
+sub pp_keys { unop(@_, "keys") }
+sub pp_boolkeys { 
+    # no name because its an optimisation op that has no keyword
+    unop(@_,"");
+}
+sub pp_aeach { unop(@_, "each") }
+sub pp_avalues { unop(@_, "values") }
+sub pp_akeys { unop(@_, "keys") }
+sub pp_pop { unop(@_, "pop") }
+sub pp_shift { unop(@_, "shift") }
+
+sub pp_caller { unop(@_, "caller") }
+sub pp_reset { unop(@_, "reset") }
+sub pp_exit { unop(@_, "exit") }
+sub pp_prototype { unop(@_, "prototype") }
+
+sub pp_close { unop(@_, "close") }
+sub pp_fileno { unop(@_, "fileno") }
+sub pp_umask { unop(@_, "umask") }
+sub pp_untie { unop(@_, "untie") }
+sub pp_tied { unop(@_, "tied") }
+sub pp_dbmclose { unop(@_, "dbmclose") }
+sub pp_getc { unop(@_, "getc") }
+sub pp_eof { unop(@_, "eof") }
+sub pp_tell { unop(@_, "tell") }
+sub pp_getsockname { unop(@_, "getsockname") }
+sub pp_getpeername { unop(@_, "getpeername") }
+
+sub pp_chdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chdir") }
+sub pp_chroot { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "chroot") }
+sub pp_readlink { unop(@_, "readlink") }
+sub pp_rmdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "rmdir") }
+sub pp_readdir { unop(@_, "readdir") }
+sub pp_telldir { unop(@_, "telldir") }
+sub pp_rewinddir { unop(@_, "rewinddir") }
+sub pp_closedir { unop(@_, "closedir") }
+sub pp_getpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "getpgrp") }
+sub pp_localtime { unop(@_, "localtime") }
+sub pp_gmtime { unop(@_, "gmtime") }
+sub pp_alarm { unop(@_, "alarm") }
+sub pp_sleep { maybe_targmy(@_, \&unop, "sleep") }
+
+sub pp_dofile { unop(@_, "do") }
+sub pp_entereval { unop(@_, "eval") }
+
+sub pp_ghbyname { unop(@_, "gethostbyname") }
+sub pp_gnbyname { unop(@_, "getnetbyname") }
+sub pp_gpbyname { unop(@_, "getprotobyname") }
+sub pp_shostent { unop(@_, "sethostent") }
+sub pp_snetent { unop(@_, "setnetent") }
+sub pp_sprotoent { unop(@_, "setprotoent") }
+sub pp_sservent { unop(@_, "setservent") }
+sub pp_gpwnam { unop(@_, "getpwnam") }
+sub pp_gpwuid { unop(@_, "getpwuid") }
+sub pp_ggrnam { unop(@_, "getgrnam") }
+sub pp_ggrgid { unop(@_, "getgrgid") }
+
+sub pp_lock { unop(@_, "lock") }
+
+sub pp_continue { unop(@_, "continue"); }
+sub pp_break {
+    my ($self, $op) = @_;
+    return "" if $op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL;
+    unop(@_, "break");
+}
+
+sub givwhen {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $givwhen) = @_;
+
+    my $enterop = $op->first;
+    my ($head, $block);
+    if ($enterop->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	$head = "default";
+	$block = $self->deparse($enterop->first, 0);
+    }
+    else {
+	my $cond = $enterop->first;
+	my $cond_str = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
+	$head = "$givwhen ($cond_str)";
+	$block = $self->deparse($cond->sibling, 0);
+    }
+
+    return "$head {\n".
+	"\t$block\n".
+	"\b}\cK";
+}
+
+sub pp_leavegiven { givwhen(@_, "given"); }
+sub pp_leavewhen  { givwhen(@_, "when"); }
+
+sub pp_exists {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $arg;
+    if ($op->private & OPpEXISTS_SUB) {
+	# Checking for the existence of a subroutine
+	return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
+				$self->pp_rv2cv($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
+    }
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	# Array element, not hash element
+	return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists",
+				$self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16), $cx, 16);
+    }
+    return $self->maybe_parens_func("exists", $self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
+				    $cx, 16);
+}
+
+sub pp_delete {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $arg;
+    if ($op->private & OPpSLICE) {
+	if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	    # Deleting from an array, not a hash
+	    return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
+					$self->pp_aslice($op->first, 16),
+					$cx, 16);
+	}
+	return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
+					$self->pp_hslice($op->first, 16),
+					$cx, 16);
+    } else {
+	if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	    # Deleting from an array, not a hash
+	    return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
+					$self->pp_aelem($op->first, 16),
+					$cx, 16);
+	}
+	return $self->maybe_parens_func("delete",
+					$self->pp_helem($op->first, 16),
+					$cx, 16);
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_require {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $opname = $op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? 'CORE::require' : 'require';
+    if (class($op) eq "UNOP" and $op->first->name eq "const"
+	and $op->first->private & OPpCONST_BARE)
+    {
+	my $name = $self->const_sv($op->first)->PV;
+	$name =~ s[/][::]g;
+	$name =~ s/\.pm//g;
+	return "$opname $name";
+    } else {	
+	$self->unop($op, $cx, $op->first->private & OPpCONST_NOVER ? "no" : $opname);
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_scalar {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    if (not null $kid->sibling) {
+	# XXX Was a here-doc
+	return $self->dquote($op);
+    }
+    $self->unop(@_, "scalar");
+}
+
+
+sub padval {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $targ = shift;
+    return $self->{'curcv'}->PADLIST->ARRAYelt(1)->ARRAYelt($targ);
+}
+
+sub anon_hash_or_list {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+
+    my($pre, $post) = @{{"anonlist" => ["[","]"],
+			 "anonhash" => ["{","}"]}->{$op->name}};
+    my($expr, @exprs);
+    $op = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
+    for (; !null($op); $op = $op->sibling) {
+	$expr = $self->deparse($op, 6);
+	push @exprs, $expr;
+    }
+    if ($pre eq "{" and $cx < 1) {
+	# Disambiguate that it's not a block
+	$pre = "+{";
+    }
+    return $pre . join(", ", @exprs) . $post;
+}
+
+sub pp_anonlist {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	return $self->anon_hash_or_list($op, $cx);
+    }
+    warn "Unexpected op pp_" . $op->name() . " without OPf_SPECIAL";
+    return 'XXX';
+}
+
+*pp_anonhash = \&pp_anonlist;
+
+sub pp_refgen {
+    my $self = shift;	
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    if ($kid->name eq "null") {
+	$kid = $kid->first;
+	if (!null($kid->sibling) and
+		 $kid->sibling->name eq "anoncode") {
+            return $self->e_anoncode({ code => $self->padval($kid->sibling->targ) });
+	} elsif ($kid->name eq "pushmark") {
+            my $sib_name = $kid->sibling->name;
+            if ($sib_name =~ /^(pad|rv2)[ah]v$/
+                and not $kid->sibling->flags & OPf_REF)
+            {
+                # The @a in \(@a) isn't in ref context, but only when the
+                # parens are there.
+		return "\\(" . $self->pp_list($op->first) . ")";
+            } elsif ($sib_name eq 'entersub') {
+                my $text = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 1);
+                # Always show parens for \(&func()), but only with -p otherwise
+                $text = "($text)" if $self->{'parens'}
+                                 or $kid->sibling->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER;
+                return "\\$text";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    $self->pfixop($op, $cx, "\\", 20);
+}
+
+sub e_anoncode {
+    my ($self, $info) = @_;
+    my $text = $self->deparse_sub($info->{code});
+    return "sub " . $text;
+}
+
+sub pp_srefgen { pp_refgen(@_) }
+
+sub pp_readline {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "rv2gv"; # <$fh>
+    return "<" . $self->deparse($kid, 1) . ">" if is_scalar($kid);
+    return $self->unop($op, $cx, "readline");
+}
+
+sub pp_rcatline {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op) = @_;
+    return "<" . $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($op)) . ">";
+}
+
+# Unary operators that can occur as pseudo-listops inside double quotes
+sub dq_unop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0, 0);
+    my $kid;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_KIDS) {
+       $kid = $op->first;
+       # If there's more than one kid, the first is an ex-pushmark.
+       $kid = $kid->sibling if not null $kid->sibling;
+       return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $kid, $cx);
+    } else {
+       return $name .  ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL ? "()" : "");
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_ucfirst { dq_unop(@_, "ucfirst") }
+sub pp_lcfirst { dq_unop(@_, "lcfirst") }
+sub pp_uc { dq_unop(@_, "uc") }
+sub pp_lc { dq_unop(@_, "lc") }
+sub pp_quotemeta { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dq_unop, "quotemeta") }
+
+sub loopex {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    if (class($op) eq "PVOP") {
+	return "$name " . $op->pv;
+    } elsif (class($op) eq "OP") {
+	return $name;
+    } elsif (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
+	# Note -- loop exits are actually exempt from the
+	# looks-like-a-func rule, but a few extra parens won't hurt
+	return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_last { loopex(@_, "last") }
+sub pp_next { loopex(@_, "next") }
+sub pp_redo { loopex(@_, "redo") }
+sub pp_goto { loopex(@_, "goto") }
+sub pp_dump { loopex(@_, "dump") }
+
+sub ftst {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    if (class($op) eq "UNOP") {
+	# Genuine `-X' filetests are exempt from the LLAFR, but not
+	# l?stat(); for the sake of clarity, give'em all parens
+	return $self->maybe_parens_unop($name, $op->first, $cx);
+    } elsif (class($op) =~ /^(SV|PAD)OP$/) {
+	return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $self->pp_gv($op, 1), $cx, 16);
+    } else { # I don't think baseop filetests ever survive ck_ftst, but...
+	return $name;
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_lstat    { ftst(@_, "lstat") }
+sub pp_stat     { ftst(@_, "stat") }
+sub pp_ftrread  { ftst(@_, "-R") }
+sub pp_ftrwrite { ftst(@_, "-W") }
+sub pp_ftrexec  { ftst(@_, "-X") }
+sub pp_fteread  { ftst(@_, "-r") }
+sub pp_ftewrite { ftst(@_, "-w") }
+sub pp_fteexec  { ftst(@_, "-x") }
+sub pp_ftis     { ftst(@_, "-e") }
+sub pp_fteowned { ftst(@_, "-O") }
+sub pp_ftrowned { ftst(@_, "-o") }
+sub pp_ftzero   { ftst(@_, "-z") }
+sub pp_ftsize   { ftst(@_, "-s") }
+sub pp_ftmtime  { ftst(@_, "-M") }
+sub pp_ftatime  { ftst(@_, "-A") }
+sub pp_ftctime  { ftst(@_, "-C") }
+sub pp_ftsock   { ftst(@_, "-S") }
+sub pp_ftchr    { ftst(@_, "-c") }
+sub pp_ftblk    { ftst(@_, "-b") }
+sub pp_ftfile   { ftst(@_, "-f") }
+sub pp_ftdir    { ftst(@_, "-d") }
+sub pp_ftpipe   { ftst(@_, "-p") }
+sub pp_ftlink   { ftst(@_, "-l") }
+sub pp_ftsuid   { ftst(@_, "-u") }
+sub pp_ftsgid   { ftst(@_, "-g") }
+sub pp_ftsvtx   { ftst(@_, "-k") }
+sub pp_fttty    { ftst(@_, "-t") }
+sub pp_fttext   { ftst(@_, "-T") }
+sub pp_ftbinary { ftst(@_, "-B") }
+
+sub SWAP_CHILDREN () { 1 }
+sub ASSIGN () { 2 } # has OP= variant
+sub LIST_CONTEXT () { 4 } # Assignment is in list context
+
+my(%left, %right);
+
+sub assoc_class {
+    my $op = shift;
+    my $name = $op->name;
+    if ($name eq "concat" and $op->first->name eq "concat") {
+	# avoid spurious `=' -- see comment in pp_concat
+	return "concat";
+    }
+    if ($name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
+	and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|x?or)$/
+	and null $op->first->sibling)
+    {
+	# Like all conditional constructs, OP_ANDs and OP_ORs are topped
+	# with a null that's used as the common end point of the two
+	# flows of control. For precedence purposes, ignore it.
+	# (COND_EXPRs have these too, but we don't bother with
+	# their associativity).
+	return assoc_class($op->first);
+    }
+    return $name . ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED ? "=" : "");
+}
+
+# Left associative operators, like `+', for which
+# $a + $b + $c is equivalent to ($a + $b) + $c
+
+BEGIN {
+    %left = ('multiply' => 19, 'i_multiply' => 19,
+	     'divide' => 19, 'i_divide' => 19,
+	     'modulo' => 19, 'i_modulo' => 19,
+	     'repeat' => 19,
+	     'add' => 18, 'i_add' => 18,
+	     'subtract' => 18, 'i_subtract' => 18,
+	     'concat' => 18,
+	     'left_shift' => 17, 'right_shift' => 17,
+	     'bit_and' => 13,
+	     'bit_or' => 12, 'bit_xor' => 12,
+	     'and' => 3,
+	     'or' => 2, 'xor' => 2,
+	    );
+}
+
+sub deparse_binop_left {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $left, $prec) = @_;
+    if ($left{assoc_class($op)} && $left{assoc_class($left)}
+	and $left{assoc_class($op)} == $left{assoc_class($left)})
+    {
+	return $self->deparse($left, $prec - .00001);
+    } else {
+	return $self->deparse($left, $prec);	
+    }
+}
+
+# Right associative operators, like `=', for which
+# $a = $b = $c is equivalent to $a = ($b = $c)
+
+BEGIN {
+    %right = ('pow' => 22,
+	      'sassign=' => 7, 'aassign=' => 7,
+	      'multiply=' => 7, 'i_multiply=' => 7,
+	      'divide=' => 7, 'i_divide=' => 7,
+	      'modulo=' => 7, 'i_modulo=' => 7,
+	      'repeat=' => 7,
+	      'add=' => 7, 'i_add=' => 7,
+	      'subtract=' => 7, 'i_subtract=' => 7,
+	      'concat=' => 7,
+	      'left_shift=' => 7, 'right_shift=' => 7,
+	      'bit_and=' => 7,
+	      'bit_or=' => 7, 'bit_xor=' => 7,
+	      'andassign' => 7,
+	      'orassign' => 7,
+	     );
+}
+
+sub deparse_binop_right {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $right, $prec) = @_;
+    if ($right{assoc_class($op)} && $right{assoc_class($right)}
+	and $right{assoc_class($op)} == $right{assoc_class($right)})
+    {
+	return $self->deparse($right, $prec - .00001);
+    } else {
+	return $self->deparse($right, $prec);	
+    }
+}
+
+sub binop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx, $opname, $prec, $flags) = (@_, 0);
+    my $left = $op->first;
+    my $right = $op->last;
+    my $eq = "";
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED && $flags & ASSIGN) {
+	$eq = "=";
+	$prec = 7;
+    }
+    if ($flags & SWAP_CHILDREN) {
+	($left, $right) = ($right, $left);
+    }
+    $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
+    $left = "($left)" if $flags & LIST_CONTEXT
+		&& $left !~ /^(my|our|local|)[\@\(]/;
+    $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
+    return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
+}
+
+sub pp_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-",18,  ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_i_add { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "+", 18, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_i_multiply { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "*", 19, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_i_subtract { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "-", 18, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_i_divide { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "/", 19, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_i_modulo { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "%", 19, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_pow { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "**", 22, ASSIGN) }
+
+sub pp_left_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "<<", 17, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_right_shift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, ">>", 17, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_bit_and { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "&", 13, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_bit_or { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "|", 12, ASSIGN) }
+sub pp_bit_xor { maybe_targmy(@_, \&binop, "^", 12, ASSIGN) }
+
+sub pp_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
+sub pp_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
+sub pp_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
+sub pp_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
+sub pp_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
+sub pp_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
+sub pp_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
+sub pp_i_eq { binop(@_, "==", 14) }
+sub pp_i_ne { binop(@_, "!=", 14) }
+sub pp_i_lt { binop(@_, "<", 15) }
+sub pp_i_gt { binop(@_, ">", 15) }
+sub pp_i_ge { binop(@_, ">=", 15) }
+sub pp_i_le { binop(@_, "<=", 15) }
+sub pp_i_ncmp { binop(@_, "<=>", 14) }
+
+sub pp_seq { binop(@_, "eq", 14) }
+sub pp_sne { binop(@_, "ne", 14) }
+sub pp_slt { binop(@_, "lt", 15) }
+sub pp_sgt { binop(@_, "gt", 15) }
+sub pp_sge { binop(@_, "ge", 15) }
+sub pp_sle { binop(@_, "le", 15) }
+sub pp_scmp { binop(@_, "cmp", 14) }
+
+sub pp_sassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN) }
+sub pp_aassign { binop(@_, "=", 7, SWAP_CHILDREN | LIST_CONTEXT) }
+
+sub pp_smartmatch {
+    my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	return $self->deparse($op->last, $cx);
+    }
+    else {
+	binop(@_, "~~", 14);
+    }
+}
+
+# `.' is special because concats-of-concats are optimized to save copying
+# by making all but the first concat stacked. The effect is as if the
+# programmer had written `($a . $b) .= $c', except legal.
+sub pp_concat { maybe_targmy(@_, \&real_concat) }
+sub real_concat {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $left = $op->first;
+    my $right = $op->last;
+    my $eq = "";
+    my $prec = 18;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED and $op->first->name ne "concat") {
+	$eq = "=";
+	$prec = 7;
+    }
+    $left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
+    $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
+    return $self->maybe_parens("$left .$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
+}
+
+# `x' is weird when the left arg is a list
+sub pp_repeat {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $left = $op->first;
+    my $right = $op->last;
+    my $eq = "";
+    my $prec = 19;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	$eq = "=";
+	$prec = 7;
+    }
+    if (null($right)) { # list repeat; count is inside left-side ex-list
+	my $kid = $left->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
+	my @exprs;
+	for (; !null($kid->sibling); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	    push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+	}
+	$right = $kid;
+	$left = "(" . join(", ", @exprs). ")";
+    } else {
+	$left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $prec);
+    }
+    $right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $prec);
+    return $self->maybe_parens("$left x$eq $right", $cx, $prec);
+}
+
+sub range {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
+    my $left = $op->first;
+    my $right = $left->sibling;
+    $left = $self->deparse($left, 9);
+    $right = $self->deparse($right, 9);
+    return $self->maybe_parens("$left $type $right", $cx, 9);
+}
+
+sub pp_flop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $flip = $op->first;
+    my $type = ($flip->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) ? "..." : "..";
+    return $self->range($flip->first, $cx, $type);
+}
+
+# one-line while/until is handled in pp_leave
+
+sub logop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx, $lowop, $lowprec, $highop, $highprec, $blockname) = @_;
+    my $left = $op->first;
+    my $right = $op->first->sibling;
+    if ($cx < 1 and is_scope($right) and $blockname
+	and $self->{'expand'} < 7)
+    { # if ($a) {$b}
+	$left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
+	$right = $self->deparse($right, 0);
+	return "$blockname ($left) {\n\t$right\n\b}\cK";
+    } elsif ($cx < 1 and $blockname and not $self->{'parens'}
+	     and $self->{'expand'} < 7) { # $b if $a
+	$right = $self->deparse($right, 1);
+	$left = $self->deparse($left, 1);
+	return "$right $blockname $left";
+    } elsif ($cx > $lowprec and $highop) { # $a && $b
+	$left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $highprec);
+	$right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $highprec);
+	return $self->maybe_parens("$left $highop $right", $cx, $highprec);
+    } else { # $a and $b
+	$left = $self->deparse_binop_left($op, $left, $lowprec);
+	$right = $self->deparse_binop_right($op, $right, $lowprec);
+	return $self->maybe_parens("$left $lowop $right", $cx, $lowprec);
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_and { logop(@_, "and", 3, "&&", 11, "if") }
+sub pp_or  { logop(@_, "or",  2, "||", 10, "unless") }
+sub pp_dor { logop(@_, "//", 10) }
+
+# xor is syntactically a logop, but it's really a binop (contrary to
+# old versions of opcode.pl). Syntax is what matters here.
+sub pp_xor { logop(@_, "xor", 2, "",   0,  "") }
+
+sub logassignop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx, $opname) = @_;
+    my $left = $op->first;
+    my $right = $op->first->sibling->first; # skip sassign
+    $left = $self->deparse($left, 7);
+    $right = $self->deparse($right, 7);
+    return $self->maybe_parens("$left $opname $right", $cx, 7);
+}
+
+sub pp_andassign { logassignop(@_, "&&=") }
+sub pp_orassign  { logassignop(@_, "||=") }
+sub pp_dorassign { logassignop(@_, "//=") }
+
+sub listop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    my(@exprs);
+    my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
+    my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
+    return $name if null $kid;
+    my $first;
+    $name = "socketpair" if $name eq "sockpair";
+    my $proto = prototype("CORE::$name");
+    if (defined $proto
+	&& $proto =~ /^;?\*/
+	&& $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
+	$first = $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
+    }
+    else {
+	$first = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+    }
+    if ($name eq "chmod" && $first =~ /^\d+$/) {
+	$first = sprintf("%#o", $first);
+    }
+    $first = "+$first" if not $parens and substr($first, 0, 1) eq "(";
+    push @exprs, $first;
+    $kid = $kid->sibling;
+    if (defined $proto && $proto =~ /^\*\*/ && $kid->name eq "rv2gv") {
+	push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid->first, 6);
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+    }
+    for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+    }
+    if ($name eq "reverse" && ($op->private & OPpREVERSE_INPLACE)) {
+	return "$exprs[0] = $name" . ($parens ? "($exprs[0])" : " $exprs[0]");
+    }
+    if ($parens) {
+	return "$name(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
+    } else {
+	return "$name " . join(", ", @exprs);
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_bless { listop(@_, "bless") }
+sub pp_atan2 { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "atan2") }
+sub pp_substr { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "substr")) }
+sub pp_vec { maybe_local(@_, listop(@_, "vec")) }
+sub pp_index { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "index") }
+sub pp_rindex { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rindex") }
+sub pp_sprintf { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "sprintf") }
+sub pp_formline { listop(@_, "formline") } # see also deparse_format
+sub pp_crypt { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "crypt") }
+sub pp_unpack { listop(@_, "unpack") }
+sub pp_pack { listop(@_, "pack") }
+sub pp_join { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "join") }
+sub pp_splice { listop(@_, "splice") }
+sub pp_push { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "push") }
+sub pp_unshift { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unshift") }
+sub pp_reverse { listop(@_, "reverse") }
+sub pp_warn { listop(@_, "warn") }
+sub pp_die { listop(@_, "die") }
+# Actually, return is exempt from the LLAFR (see examples in this very
+# module!), but for consistency's sake, ignore that fact
+sub pp_return { listop(@_, "return") }
+sub pp_open { listop(@_, "open") }
+sub pp_pipe_op { listop(@_, "pipe") }
+sub pp_tie { listop(@_, "tie") }
+sub pp_binmode { listop(@_, "binmode") }
+sub pp_dbmopen { listop(@_, "dbmopen") }
+sub pp_sselect { listop(@_, "select") }
+sub pp_select { listop(@_, "select") }
+sub pp_read { listop(@_, "read") }
+sub pp_sysopen { listop(@_, "sysopen") }
+sub pp_sysseek { listop(@_, "sysseek") }
+sub pp_sysread { listop(@_, "sysread") }
+sub pp_syswrite { listop(@_, "syswrite") }
+sub pp_send { listop(@_, "send") }
+sub pp_recv { listop(@_, "recv") }
+sub pp_seek { listop(@_, "seek") }
+sub pp_fcntl { listop(@_, "fcntl") }
+sub pp_ioctl { listop(@_, "ioctl") }
+sub pp_flock { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "flock") }
+sub pp_socket { listop(@_, "socket") }
+sub pp_sockpair { listop(@_, "sockpair") }
+sub pp_bind { listop(@_, "bind") }
+sub pp_connect { listop(@_, "connect") }
+sub pp_listen { listop(@_, "listen") }
+sub pp_accept { listop(@_, "accept") }
+sub pp_shutdown { listop(@_, "shutdown") }
+sub pp_gsockopt { listop(@_, "getsockopt") }
+sub pp_ssockopt { listop(@_, "setsockopt") }
+sub pp_chown { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chown") }
+sub pp_unlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "unlink") }
+sub pp_chmod { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "chmod") }
+sub pp_utime { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "utime") }
+sub pp_rename { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "rename") }
+sub pp_link { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "link") }
+sub pp_symlink { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "symlink") }
+sub pp_mkdir { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "mkdir") }
+sub pp_open_dir { listop(@_, "opendir") }
+sub pp_seekdir { listop(@_, "seekdir") }
+sub pp_waitpid { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "waitpid") }
+sub pp_system { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "system") }
+sub pp_exec { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "exec") }
+sub pp_kill { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "kill") }
+sub pp_setpgrp { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpgrp") }
+sub pp_getpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "getpriority") }
+sub pp_setpriority { maybe_targmy(@_, \&listop, "setpriority") }
+sub pp_shmget { listop(@_, "shmget") }
+sub pp_shmctl { listop(@_, "shmctl") }
+sub pp_shmread { listop(@_, "shmread") }
+sub pp_shmwrite { listop(@_, "shmwrite") }
+sub pp_msgget { listop(@_, "msgget") }
+sub pp_msgctl { listop(@_, "msgctl") }
+sub pp_msgsnd { listop(@_, "msgsnd") }
+sub pp_msgrcv { listop(@_, "msgrcv") }
+sub pp_semget { listop(@_, "semget") }
+sub pp_semctl { listop(@_, "semctl") }
+sub pp_semop { listop(@_, "semop") }
+sub pp_ghbyaddr { listop(@_, "gethostbyaddr") }
+sub pp_gnbyaddr { listop(@_, "getnetbyaddr") }
+sub pp_gpbynumber { listop(@_, "getprotobynumber") }
+sub pp_gsbyname { listop(@_, "getservbyname") }
+sub pp_gsbyport { listop(@_, "getservbyport") }
+sub pp_syscall { listop(@_, "syscall") }
+
+sub pp_glob {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	return $self->deparse($op->first->sibling);
+    }
+    my $text = $self->dq($op->first->sibling);  # skip pushmark
+    if ($text =~ /^\$?(\w|::|\`)+$/ # could look like a readline
+	or $text =~ /[<>]/) {
+	return 'glob(' . single_delim('qq', '"', $text) . ')';
+    } else {
+	return '<' . $text . '>';
+    }
+}
+
+# Truncate is special because OPf_SPECIAL makes a bareword first arg
+# be a filehandle. This could probably be better fixed in the core
+# by moving the GV lookup into ck_truc.
+
+sub pp_truncate {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my(@exprs);
+    my $parens = ($cx >= 5) || $self->{'parens'};
+    my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
+    my $fh;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) {
+	# $kid is an OP_CONST
+	$fh = $self->const_sv($kid)->PV;
+    } else {
+	$fh = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+        $fh = "+$fh" if not $parens and substr($fh, 0, 1) eq "(";
+    }
+    my $len = $self->deparse($kid->sibling, 6);
+    if ($parens) {
+	return "truncate($fh, $len)";
+    } else {
+	return "truncate $fh, $len";
+    }
+}
+
+sub indirop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    my($expr, @exprs);
+    my $kid = $op->first->sibling;
+    my $indir = "";
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	$indir = $kid;
+	$indir = $indir->first; # skip rv2gv
+	if (is_scope($indir)) {
+	    $indir = "{" . $self->deparse($indir, 0) . "}";
+	    $indir = "{;}" if $indir eq "{}";
+	} elsif ($indir->name eq "const" && $indir->private & OPpCONST_BARE) {
+	    $indir = $self->const_sv($indir)->PV;
+	} else {
+	    $indir = $self->deparse($indir, 24);
+	}
+	$indir = $indir . " ";
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+    }
+    if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & (OPpSORT_NUMERIC | OPpSORT_INTEGER)) {
+	$indir = ($op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) ? '{$b <=> $a} '
+						  : '{$a <=> $b} ';
+    }
+    elsif ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_DESCEND) {
+	$indir = '{$b cmp $a} ';
+    }
+    for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	$expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+	push @exprs, $expr;
+    }
+    my $name2 = $name;
+    if ($name eq "sort" && $op->private & OPpSORT_REVERSE) {
+	$name2 = 'reverse sort';
+    }
+    if ($name eq "sort" && ($op->private & OPpSORT_INPLACE)) {
+	return "$exprs[0] = $name2 $indir $exprs[0]";
+    }
+
+    my $args = $indir . join(", ", @exprs);
+    if ($indir ne "" and $name eq "sort") {
+	# We don't want to say "sort(f 1, 2, 3)", since perl -w will
+	# give bareword warnings in that case. Therefore if context
+	# requires, we'll put parens around the outside "(sort f 1, 2,
+	# 3)". Unfortunately, we'll currently think the parens are
+	# necessary more often that they really are, because we don't
+	# distinguish which side of an assignment we're on.
+	if ($cx >= 5) {
+	    return "($name2 $args)";
+	} else {
+	    return "$name2 $args";
+	}
+    } else {
+	return $self->maybe_parens_func($name2, $args, $cx, 5);
+    }
+
+}
+
+sub pp_prtf { indirop(@_, "printf") }
+sub pp_print { indirop(@_, "print") }
+sub pp_say  { indirop(@_, "say") }
+sub pp_sort { indirop(@_, "sort") }
+
+sub mapop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name) = @_;
+    my($expr, @exprs);
+    my $kid = $op->first; # this is the (map|grep)start
+    $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip a pushmark
+    my $code = $kid->first; # skip a null
+    if (is_scope $code) {
+	$code = "{" . $self->deparse($code, 0) . "} ";
+    } else {
+	$code = $self->deparse($code, 24) . ", ";
+    }
+    $kid = $kid->sibling;
+    for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	$expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+	push @exprs, $expr if defined $expr;
+    }
+    return $self->maybe_parens_func($name, $code . join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 5);
+}
+
+sub pp_mapwhile { mapop(@_, "map") }
+sub pp_grepwhile { mapop(@_, "grep") }
+sub pp_mapstart { baseop(@_, "map") }
+sub pp_grepstart { baseop(@_, "grep") }
+
+sub pp_list {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my($expr, @exprs);
+    my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
+    my $lop;
+    my $local = "either"; # could be local(...), my(...), state(...) or our(...)
+    for ($lop = $kid; !null($lop); $lop = $lop->sibling) {
+	# This assumes that no other private flags equal 128, and that
+	# OPs that store things other than flags in their op_private,
+	# like OP_AELEMFAST, won't be immediate children of a list.
+	#
+	# OP_ENTERSUB can break this logic, so check for it.
+	# I suspect that open and exit can too.
+
+	if (!($lop->private & (OPpLVAL_INTRO|OPpOUR_INTRO)
+		or $lop->name eq "undef")
+	    or $lop->name eq "entersub"
+	    or $lop->name eq "exit"
+	    or $lop->name eq "open")
+	{
+	    $local = ""; # or not
+	    last;
+	}
+	if ($lop->name =~ /^pad[ash]v$/) {
+	    if ($lop->private & OPpPAD_STATE) { # state()
+		($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|my)$/;
+		$local = "state";
+	    } else { # my()
+		($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:local|our|state)$/;
+		$local = "my";
+	    }
+	} elsif ($lop->name =~ /^(gv|rv2)[ash]v$/
+			&& $lop->private & OPpOUR_INTRO
+		or $lop->name eq "null" && $lop->first->name eq "gvsv"
+			&& $lop->first->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) { # our()
+	    ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|local|state)$/;
+	    $local = "our";
+	} elsif ($lop->name ne "undef"
+		# specifically avoid the "reverse sort" optimisation,
+		# where "reverse" is nullified
+		&& !($lop->name eq 'sort' && ($lop->flags & OPpSORT_REVERSE)))
+	{
+	    # local()
+	    ($local = "", last) if $local =~ /^(?:my|our|state)$/;
+	    $local = "local";
+	}
+    }
+    $local = "" if $local eq "either"; # no point if it's all undefs
+    return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if null $kid->sibling and not $local;
+    for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	if ($local) {
+	    if (class($kid) eq "UNOP" and $kid->first->name eq "gvsv") {
+		$lop = $kid->first;
+	    } else {
+		$lop = $kid;
+	    }
+	    $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop}++;
+	    $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+	    delete $self->{'avoid_local'}{$$lop};
+	} else {
+	    $expr = $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+	}
+	push @exprs, $expr;
+    }
+    if ($local) {
+	return "$local(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
+    } else {
+	return $self->maybe_parens( join(", ", @exprs), $cx, 6);	
+    }
+}
+
+sub is_ifelse_cont {
+    my $op = shift;
+    return ($op->name eq "null" and class($op) eq "UNOP"
+	    and $op->first->name =~ /^(and|cond_expr)$/
+	    and is_scope($op->first->first->sibling));
+}
+
+sub pp_cond_expr {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $cond = $op->first;
+    my $true = $cond->sibling;
+    my $false = $true->sibling;
+    my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
+    unless ($cx < 1 and (is_scope($true) and $true->name ne "null") and
+	    (is_scope($false) || is_ifelse_cont($false))
+	    and $self->{'expand'} < 7) {
+	$cond = $self->deparse($cond, 8);
+	$true = $self->deparse($true, 6);
+	$false = $self->deparse($false, 8);
+	return $self->maybe_parens("$cond ? $true : $false", $cx, 8);
+    }
+
+    $cond = $self->deparse($cond, 1);
+    $true = $self->deparse($true, 0);
+    my $head = "if ($cond) {\n\t$true\n\b}";
+    my @elsifs;
+    while (!null($false) and is_ifelse_cont($false)) {
+	my $newop = $false->first;
+	my $newcond = $newop->first;
+	my $newtrue = $newcond->sibling;
+	$false = $newtrue->sibling; # last in chain is OP_AND => no else
+	if ($newcond->name eq "lineseq")
+	{
+	    # lineseq to ensure correct line numbers in elsif()
+	    # Bug #37302 fixed by change #33710.
+	    $newcond = $newcond->first->sibling;
+	}
+	$newcond = $self->deparse($newcond, 1);
+	$newtrue = $self->deparse($newtrue, 0);
+	push @elsifs, "elsif ($newcond) {\n\t$newtrue\n\b}";
+    }
+    if (!null($false)) {
+	$false = $cuddle . "else {\n\t" .
+	  $self->deparse($false, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
+    } else {
+	$false = "\cK";
+    }
+    return $head . join($cuddle, "", @elsifs) . $false;
+}
+
+sub pp_once {
+    my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $cond = $op->first;
+    my $true = $cond->sibling;
+
+    return $self->deparse($true, $cx);
+}
+
+sub loop_common {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $init) = @_;
+    my $enter = $op->first;
+    my $kid = $enter->sibling;
+    local(@$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'})
+		= @$self{qw'curstash warnings hints hinthash'};
+    my $head = "";
+    my $bare = 0;
+    my $body;
+    my $cond = undef;
+    if ($kid->name eq "lineseq") { # bare or infinite loop
+	if ($kid->last->name eq "unstack") { # infinite
+	    $head = "while (1) "; # Can't use for(;;) if there's a continue
+	    $cond = "";
+	} else {
+	    $bare = 1;
+	}
+	$body = $kid;
+    } elsif ($enter->name eq "enteriter") { # foreach
+	my $ary = $enter->first->sibling; # first was pushmark
+	my $var = $ary->sibling;
+	if ($ary->name eq 'null' and $enter->private & OPpITER_REVERSED) {
+	    # "reverse" was optimised away
+	    $ary = listop($self, $ary->first->sibling, 1, 'reverse');
+	} elsif ($enter->flags & OPf_STACKED
+	    and not null $ary->first->sibling->sibling)
+	{
+	    $ary = $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling, 9) . " .. " .
+	      $self->deparse($ary->first->sibling->sibling, 9);
+	} else {
+	    $ary = $self->deparse($ary, 1);
+	}
+	if (null $var) {
+	    if (($enter->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) && ($] < 5.009)) {
+		# thread special var, under 5005threads
+		$var = $self->pp_threadsv($enter, 1);
+	    } else { # regular my() variable
+		$var = $self->pp_padsv($enter, 1);
+	    }
+	} elsif ($var->name eq "rv2gv") {
+	    $var = $self->pp_rv2sv($var, 1);
+	    if ($enter->private & OPpOUR_INTRO) {
+		# our declarations don't have package names
+		$var =~ s/^(.).*::/$1/;
+		$var = "our $var";
+	    }
+	} elsif ($var->name eq "gv") {
+	    $var = "\$" . $self->deparse($var, 1);
+	}
+	$body = $kid->first->first->sibling; # skip OP_AND and OP_ITER
+	if (!is_state $body->first and $body->first->name ne "stub") {
+	    confess unless $var eq '$_';
+	    $body = $body->first;
+	    return $self->deparse($body, 2) . " foreach ($ary)";
+	}
+	$head = "foreach $var ($ary) ";
+    } elsif ($kid->name eq "null") { # while/until
+	$kid = $kid->first;
+	my $name = {"and" => "while", "or" => "until"}->{$kid->name};
+	$cond = $self->deparse($kid->first, 1);
+	$head = "$name ($cond) ";
+	$body = $kid->first->sibling;
+    } elsif ($kid->name eq "stub") { # bare and empty
+	return "{;}"; # {} could be a hashref
+    }
+    # If there isn't a continue block, then the next pointer for the loop
+    # will point to the unstack, which is kid's last child, except
+    # in a bare loop, when it will point to the leaveloop. When neither of
+    # these conditions hold, then the second-to-last child is the continue
+    # block (or the last in a bare loop).
+    my $cont_start = $enter->nextop;
+    my $cont;
+    if ($$cont_start != $$op && ${$cont_start} != ${$body->last}) {
+	if ($bare) {
+	    $cont = $body->last;
+	} else {
+	    $cont = $body->first;
+	    while (!null($cont->sibling->sibling)) {
+		$cont = $cont->sibling;
+	    }
+	}
+	my $state = $body->first;
+	my $cuddle = $self->{'cuddle'};
+	my @states;
+	for (; $$state != $$cont; $state = $state->sibling) {
+	    push @states, $state;
+	}
+	$body = $self->lineseq(undef, @states);
+	if (defined $cond and not is_scope $cont and $self->{'expand'} < 3) {
+	    $head = "for ($init; $cond; " . $self->deparse($cont, 1) .") ";
+	    $cont = "\cK";
+	} else {
+	    $cont = $cuddle . "continue {\n\t" .
+	      $self->deparse($cont, 0) . "\n\b}\cK";
+	}
+    } else {
+	return "" if !defined $body;
+	if (length $init) {
+	    $head = "for ($init; $cond;) ";
+	}
+	$cont = "\cK";
+	$body = $self->deparse($body, 0);
+    }
+    $body =~ s/;?$/;\n/;
+
+    return $head . "{\n\t" . $body . "\b}" . $cont;
+}
+
+sub pp_leaveloop { shift->loop_common(@_, "") }
+
+sub for_loop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $init = $self->deparse($op, 1);
+    my $s = $op->sibling;
+    my $ll = $s->name eq "unstack" ? $s->sibling : $s->first->sibling;
+    return $self->loop_common($ll, $cx, $init);
+}
+
+sub pp_leavetry {
+    my $self = shift;
+    return "eval {\n\t" . $self->pp_leave(@_) . "\n\b}";
+}
+
+BEGIN { eval "sub OP_CONST () {" . opnumber("const") . "}" }
+BEGIN { eval "sub OP_STRINGIFY () {" . opnumber("stringify") . "}" }
+BEGIN { eval "sub OP_RV2SV () {" . opnumber("rv2sv") . "}" }
+BEGIN { eval "sub OP_LIST () {" . opnumber("list") . "}" }
+
+sub pp_null {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    if (class($op) eq "OP") {
+	# old value is lost
+	return $self->{'ex_const'} if $op->targ == OP_CONST;
+    } elsif ($op->first->name eq "pushmark") {
+	return $self->pp_list($op, $cx);
+    } elsif ($op->first->name eq "enter") {
+	return $self->pp_leave($op, $cx);
+    } elsif ($op->first->name eq "leave") {
+	return $self->pp_leave($op->first, $cx);
+    } elsif ($op->first->name eq "scope") {
+	return $self->pp_scope($op->first, $cx);
+    } elsif ($op->targ == OP_STRINGIFY) {
+	return $self->dquote($op, $cx);
+    } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
+	     $op->first->sibling->name eq "readline" and
+	     $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 7) . " = "
+				   . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 7),
+				   $cx, 7);
+    } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
+	     $op->first->sibling->name eq "trans" and
+	     $op->first->sibling->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 20) . " =~ "
+				   . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 20),
+				   $cx, 20);
+    } elsif ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && $cx < 1 && !$op->targ) {
+	return "do {\n\t". $self->deparse($op->first, $cx) ."\n\b};";
+    } elsif (!null($op->first->sibling) and
+	     $op->first->sibling->name eq "null" and
+	     class($op->first->sibling) eq "UNOP" and
+	     $op->first->sibling->first->flags & OPf_STACKED and
+	     $op->first->sibling->first->name eq "rcatline") {
+	return $self->maybe_parens($self->deparse($op->first, 18) . " .= "
+				   . $self->deparse($op->first->sibling, 18),
+				   $cx, 18);
+    } else {
+	return $self->deparse($op->first, $cx);
+    }
+}
+
+sub padname {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $targ = shift;
+    return $self->padname_sv($targ)->PVX;
+}
+
+sub padany {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $op = shift;
+    return substr($self->padname($op->targ), 1); # skip $/@/%
+}
+
+sub pp_padsv {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    return $self->maybe_my($op, $cx, $self->padname($op->targ));
+}
+
+sub pp_padav { pp_padsv(@_) }
+sub pp_padhv { pp_padsv(@_) }
+
+my @threadsv_names = B::threadsv_names;
+sub pp_threadsv {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, "\$" .  $threadsv_names[$op->targ]);
+}
+
+sub gv_or_padgv {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $op = shift;
+    if (class($op) eq "PADOP") {
+	return $self->padval($op->padix);
+    } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
+	return $op->gv;
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_gvsv {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
+    return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->stash_variable("\$",
+				 $self->gv_name($gv)));
+}
+
+sub pp_gv {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
+    return $self->gv_name($gv);
+}
+
+sub pp_aelemfast {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $name;
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL) { # optimised PADAV
+	$name = $self->padname($op->targ);
+	$name =~ s/^@/\$/;
+    }
+    else {
+	my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($op);
+	$name = $self->gv_name($gv);
+	$name = $self->{'curstash'}."::$name"
+	    if $name !~ /::/ && $self->lex_in_scope('@'.$name);
+	$name = '$' . $name;
+    }
+
+    return $name . "[" .  ($op->private + $self->{'arybase'}) . "]";
+}
+
+sub rv2x {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $type) = @_;
+
+    if (class($op) eq 'NULL' || !$op->can("first")) {
+	carp("Unexpected op in pp_rv2x");
+	return 'XXX';
+    }
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    if ($kid->name eq "gv") {
+	return $self->stash_variable($type, $self->deparse($kid, 0));
+    } elsif (is_scalar $kid) {
+	my $str = $self->deparse($kid, 0);
+	if ($str =~ /^\$([^\w\d])\z/) {
+	    # "$$+" isn't a legal way to write the scalar dereference
+	    # of $+, since the lexer can't tell you aren't trying to
+	    # do something like "$$ + 1" to get one more than your
+	    # PID. Either "${$+}" or "$${+}" are workable
+	    # disambiguations, but if the programmer did the former,
+	    # they'd be in the "else" clause below rather than here.
+	    # It's not clear if this should somehow be unified with
+	    # the code in dq and re_dq that also adds lexer
+	    # disambiguation braces.
+	    $str = '$' . "{$1}"; #'
+	}
+	return $type . $str;
+    } else {
+	return $type . "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_rv2sv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "\$")) }
+sub pp_rv2hv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "%")) }
+sub pp_rv2gv { maybe_local(@_, rv2x(@_, "*")) }
+
+# skip rv2av
+sub pp_av2arylen {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($op->first->name eq "padav") {
+	return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, '$#' . $self->padany($op->first));
+    } else {
+	return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx,
+				  $self->rv2x($op->first, $cx, '$#'));
+    }
+}
+
+# skip down to the old, ex-rv2cv
+sub pp_rv2cv {
+    my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
+    if (!null($op->first) && $op->first->name eq 'null' &&
+	$op->first->targ eq OP_LIST)
+    {
+	return $self->rv2x($op->first->first->sibling, $cx, "&")
+    }
+    else {
+	return $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "")
+    }
+}
+
+sub list_const {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($cx, @list) = @_;
+    my @a = map $self->const($_, 6), @list;
+    if (@a == 0) {
+	return "()";
+    } elsif (@a == 1) {
+	return $a[0];
+    } elsif ( @a > 2 and !grep(!/^-?\d+$/, @a)) {
+	# collapse (-1,0,1,2) into (-1..2)
+	my ($s, $e) = @a[0,-1];
+	my $i = $s;
+	return $self->maybe_parens("$s..$e", $cx, 9)
+	  unless grep $i++ != $_, @a;
+    }
+    return $self->maybe_parens(join(", ", @a), $cx, 6);
+}
+
+sub pp_rv2av {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    if ($kid->name eq "const") { # constant list
+	my $av = $self->const_sv($kid);
+	return $self->list_const($cx, $av->ARRAY);
+    } else {
+	return $self->maybe_local($op, $cx, $self->rv2x($op, $cx, "\@"));
+    }
+ }
+
+sub is_subscriptable {
+    my $op = shift;
+    if ($op->name =~ /^[ahg]elem/) {
+	return 1;
+    } elsif ($op->name eq "entersub") {
+	my $kid = $op->first;
+	return 0 unless null $kid->sibling;
+	$kid = $kid->first;
+	$kid = $kid->sibling until null $kid->sibling;
+	return 0 if is_scope($kid);
+	$kid = $kid->first;
+	return 0 if $kid->name eq "gv";
+	return 0 if is_scalar($kid);
+	return is_subscriptable($kid);	
+    } else {
+	return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+sub elem_or_slice_array_name
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($array, $left, $padname, $allow_arrow) = @_;
+
+    if ($array->name eq $padname) {
+	return $self->padany($array);
+    } elsif (is_scope($array)) { # ${expr}[0]
+	return "{" . $self->deparse($array, 0) . "}";
+    } elsif ($array->name eq "gv") {
+	$array = $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($array));
+	if ($array !~ /::/) {
+	    my $prefix = ($left eq '[' ? '@' : '%');
+	    $array = $self->{curstash}.'::'.$array
+		if $self->lex_in_scope($prefix . $array);
+	}
+	return $array;
+    } elsif (!$allow_arrow || is_scalar $array) { # $x[0], $$x[0], ...
+	return $self->deparse($array, 24);
+    } else {
+	return undef;
+    }
+}
+
+sub elem_or_slice_single_index
+{
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($idx) = @_;
+
+    $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
+
+    # Outer parens in an array index will confuse perl
+    # if we're interpolating in a regular expression, i.e.
+    # /$x$foo[(-1)]/ is *not* the same as /$x$foo[-1]/
+    #
+    # If $self->{parens}, then an initial '(' will
+    # definitely be paired with a final ')'. If
+    # !$self->{parens}, the misleading parens won't
+    # have been added in the first place.
+    #
+    # [You might think that we could get "(...)...(...)"
+    # where the initial and final parens do not match
+    # each other. But we can't, because the above would
+    # only happen if there's an infix binop between the
+    # two pairs of parens, and *that* means that the whole
+    # expression would be parenthesized as well.]
+    #
+    $idx =~ s/^\((.*)\)$/$1/ if $self->{'parens'};
+
+    # Hash-element braces will autoquote a bareword inside themselves.
+    # We need to make sure that C<$hash{warn()}> doesn't come out as
+    # C<$hash{warn}>, which has a quite different meaning. Currently
+    # B::Deparse will always quote strings, even if the string was a
+    # bareword in the original (i.e. the OPpCONST_BARE flag is ignored
+    # for constant strings.) So we can cheat slightly here - if we see
+    # a bareword, we know that it is supposed to be a function call.
+    #
+    $idx =~ s/^([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/$1()/;
+
+    return $idx;
+}
+
+sub elem {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $padname) = @_;
+    my($array, $idx) = ($op->first, $op->first->sibling);
+
+    $idx = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($idx);
+
+    unless ($array->name eq $padname) { # Maybe this has been fixed	
+	$array = $array->first; # skip rv2av (or ex-rv2av in _53+)
+    }
+    if (my $array_name=$self->elem_or_slice_array_name
+	    ($array, $left, $padname, 1)) {
+	return "\$" . $array_name . $left . $idx . $right;
+    } else {
+	# $x[20][3]{hi} or expr->[20]
+	my $arrow = is_subscriptable($array) ? "" : "->";
+	return $self->deparse($array, 24) . $arrow . $left . $idx . $right;
+    }
+
+}
+
+sub pp_aelem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "[", "]", "padav")) }
+sub pp_helem { maybe_local(@_, elem(@_, "{", "}", "padhv")) }
+
+sub pp_gelem {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my($glob, $part) = ($op->first, $op->last);
+    $glob = $glob->first; # skip rv2gv
+    $glob = $glob->first if $glob->name eq "rv2gv"; # this one's a bug
+    my $scope = is_scope($glob);
+    $glob = $self->deparse($glob, 0);
+    $part = $self->deparse($part, 1);
+    return "*" . ($scope ? "{$glob}" : $glob) . "{$part}";
+}
+
+sub slice {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $cx, $left, $right, $regname, $padname) = @_;
+    my $last;
+    my(@elems, $kid, $array, $list);
+    if (class($op) eq "LISTOP") {
+	$last = $op->last;
+    } else { # ex-hslice inside delete()
+	for ($kid = $op->first; !null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {}
+	$last = $kid;
+    }
+    $array = $last;
+    $array = $array->first
+	if $array->name eq $regname or $array->name eq "null";
+    $array = $self->elem_or_slice_array_name($array,$left,$padname,0);
+    $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
+    if ($kid->name eq "list") {
+	$kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip list, pushmark
+	for (; !null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	    push @elems, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+	}
+	$list = join(", ", @elems);
+    } else {
+	$list = $self->elem_or_slice_single_index($kid);
+    }
+    return "\@" . $array . $left . $list . $right;
+}
+
+sub pp_aslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "[", "]", "rv2av", "padav")) }
+sub pp_hslice { maybe_local(@_, slice(@_, "{", "}", "rv2hv", "padhv")) }
+
+sub pp_lslice {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $idx = $op->first;
+    my $list = $op->last;
+    my(@elems, $kid);
+    $list = $self->deparse($list, 1);
+    $idx = $self->deparse($idx, 1);
+    return "($list)" . "[$idx]";
+}
+
+sub want_scalar {
+    my $op = shift;
+    return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_SCALAR;
+}
+
+sub want_list {
+    my $op = shift;
+    return ($op->flags & OPf_WANT) == OPf_WANT_LIST;
+}
+
+sub _method {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
+    my($meth, $obj, @exprs);
+    if ($kid->name eq "list" and want_list $kid) {
+	# When an indirect object isn't a bareword but the args are in
+	# parens, the parens aren't part of the method syntax (the LLAFR
+	# doesn't apply), but they make a list with OPf_PARENS set that
+	# doesn't get flattened by the append_elem that adds the method,
+	# making a (object, arg1, arg2, ...) list where the object
+	# usually is. This can be distinguished from
+	# `($obj, $arg1, $arg2)->meth()' (which is legal if $arg2 is an
+	# object) because in the later the list is in scalar context
+	# as the left side of -> always is, while in the former
+	# the list is in list context as method arguments always are.
+	# (Good thing there aren't method prototypes!)
+	$meth = $kid->sibling;
+	$kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip pushmark
+	$obj = $kid;
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+	for (; not null $kid; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	    push @exprs, $kid;
+	}
+    } else {
+	$obj = $kid;
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+	for (; !null ($kid->sibling) && $kid->name ne "method_named";
+	      $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	    push @exprs, $kid
+	}
+	$meth = $kid;
+    }
+
+    if ($meth->name eq "method_named") {
+	$meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV;
+    } else {
+	$meth = $meth->first;
+	if ($meth->name eq "const") {
+	    # As of 5.005_58, this case is probably obsoleted by the
+	    # method_named case above
+	    $meth = $self->const_sv($meth)->PV; # needs to be bare
+	}
+    }
+
+    return { method => $meth, variable_method => ref($meth),
+             object => $obj, args => \@exprs  };
+}
+
+# compat function only
+sub method {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $info = $self->_method(@_);
+    return $self->e_method( $self->_method(@_) );
+}
+
+sub e_method {
+    my ($self, $info) = @_;
+    my $obj = $self->deparse($info->{object}, 24);
+
+    my $meth = $info->{method};
+    $meth = $self->deparse($meth, 1) if $info->{variable_method};
+    my $args = join(", ", map { $self->deparse($_, 6) } @{$info->{args}} );
+    my $kid = $obj . "->" . $meth;
+    if (length $args) {
+	return $kid . "(" . $args . ")"; # parens mandatory
+    } else {
+	return $kid;
+    }
+}
+
+# returns "&" if the prototype doesn't match the args,
+# or ("", $args_after_prototype_demunging) if it does.
+sub check_proto {
+    my $self = shift;
+    return "&" if $self->{'noproto'};
+    my($proto, @args) = @_;
+    my($arg, $real);
+    my $doneok = 0;
+    my @reals;
+    # An unbackslashed @ or % gobbles up the rest of the args
+    1 while $proto =~ s/(?<!\\)([@%])[^\]]+$/$1/;
+    while ($proto) {
+	$proto =~ s/^(\\?[\$\@&%*_]|\\\[[\$\@&%*]+\]|;)//;
+	my $chr = $1;
+	if ($chr eq "") {
+	    return "&" if @args;
+	} elsif ($chr eq ";") {
+	    $doneok = 1;
+	} elsif ($chr eq "@" or $chr eq "%") {
+	    push @reals, map($self->deparse($_, 6), @args);
+	    @args = ();
+	} else {
+	    $arg = shift @args;
+	    last unless $arg;
+	    if ($chr eq "\$" || $chr eq "_") {
+		if (want_scalar $arg) {
+		    push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
+		} else {
+		    return "&";
+		}
+	    } elsif ($chr eq "&") {
+		if ($arg->name =~ /^(s?refgen|undef)$/) {
+		    push @reals, $self->deparse($arg, 6);
+		} else {
+		    return "&";
+		}
+	    } elsif ($chr eq "*") {
+		if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/
+		    and $arg->first->first->name eq "rv2gv")
+		  {
+		      $real = $arg->first->first; # skip refgen, null
+		      if ($real->first->name eq "gv") {
+			  push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
+		      } else {
+			  push @reals, $self->deparse($real->first, 6);
+		      }
+		  } else {
+		      return "&";
+		  }
+	    } elsif (substr($chr, 0, 1) eq "\\") {
+		$chr =~ tr/\\[]//d;
+		if ($arg->name =~ /^s?refgen$/ and
+		    !null($real = $arg->first) and
+		    ($chr =~ /\$/ && is_scalar($real->first)
+		     or ($chr =~ /@/
+			 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
+			 && $real->first->sibling->name
+			 =~ /^(rv2|pad)av$/)
+		     or ($chr =~ /%/
+			 && class($real->first->sibling) ne 'NULL'
+			 && $real->first->sibling->name
+			 =~ /^(rv2|pad)hv$/)
+		     #or ($chr =~ /&/ # This doesn't work
+		     #   && $real->first->name eq "rv2cv")
+		     or ($chr =~ /\*/
+			 && $real->first->name eq "rv2gv")))
+		  {
+		      push @reals, $self->deparse($real, 6);
+		  } else {
+		      return "&";
+		  }
+	    }
+       }
+    }
+    return "&" if $proto and !$doneok; # too few args and no `;'
+    return "&" if @args;               # too many args
+    return ("", join ", ", @reals);
+}
+
+sub pp_entersub {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    return $self->e_method($self->_method($op, $cx))
+        unless null $op->first->sibling;
+    my $prefix = "";
+    my $amper = "";
+    my($kid, @exprs);
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_SPECIAL && !($op->flags & OPf_MOD)) {
+	$prefix = "do ";
+    } elsif ($op->private & OPpENTERSUB_AMPER) {
+	$amper = "&";
+    }
+    $kid = $op->first;
+    $kid = $kid->first->sibling; # skip ex-list, pushmark
+    for (; not null $kid->sibling; $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	push @exprs, $kid;
+    }
+    my $simple = 0;
+    my $proto = undef;
+    if (is_scope($kid)) {
+	$amper = "&";
+	$kid = "{" . $self->deparse($kid, 0) . "}";
+    } elsif ($kid->first->name eq "gv") {
+	my $gv = $self->gv_or_padgv($kid->first);
+	if (class($gv->CV) ne "SPECIAL") {
+	    $proto = $gv->CV->PV if $gv->CV->FLAGS & SVf_POK;
+	}
+	$simple = 1; # only calls of named functions can be prototyped
+	$kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
+	if (!$amper) {
+	    if ($kid eq 'main::') {
+		$kid = '::';
+	    } elsif ($kid !~ /^(?:\w|::)(?:[\w\d]|::(?!\z))*\z/) {
+		$kid = single_delim("q", "'", $kid) . '->';
+	    }
+	}
+    } elsif (is_scalar ($kid->first) && $kid->first->name ne 'rv2cv') {
+	$amper = "&";
+	$kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24);
+    } else {
+	$prefix = "";
+	my $arrow = is_subscriptable($kid->first) ? "" : "->";
+	$kid = $self->deparse($kid, 24) . $arrow;
+    }
+
+    # Doesn't matter how many prototypes there are, if
+    # they haven't happened yet!
+    my $declared;
+    {
+	no strict 'refs';
+	no warnings 'uninitialized';
+	$declared = exists $self->{'subs_declared'}{$kid}
+	    || (
+		 defined &{ ${$self->{'curstash'}."::"}{$kid} }
+		 && !exists
+		     $self->{'subs_deparsed'}{$self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid}
+		 && defined prototype $self->{'curstash'}."::".$kid
+	       );
+	if (!$declared && defined($proto)) {
+	    # Avoid "too early to check prototype" warning
+	    ($amper, $proto) = ('&');
+	}
+    }
+
+    my $args;
+    if ($declared and defined $proto and not $amper) {
+	($amper, $args) = $self->check_proto($proto, @exprs);
+	if ($amper eq "&") {
+	    $args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
+	}
+    } else {
+	$args = join(", ", map($self->deparse($_, 6), @exprs));
+    }
+    if ($prefix or $amper) {
+	if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	    return $prefix . $amper . $kid . "(" . $args . ")";
+	} else {
+	    return $prefix . $amper. $kid;
+	}
+    } else {
+	# It's a syntax error to call CORE::GLOBAL::foo without a prefix,
+	# so it must have been translated from a keyword call. Translate
+	# it back.
+	$kid =~ s/^CORE::GLOBAL:://;
+
+	my $dproto = defined($proto) ? $proto : "undefined";
+        if (!$declared) {
+	    return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
+	} elsif ($dproto eq "") {
+	    return $kid;
+	} elsif ($dproto eq "\$" and is_scalar($exprs[0])) {
+	    # is_scalar is an excessively conservative test here:
+	    # really, we should be comparing to the precedence of the
+	    # top operator of $exprs[0] (ala unop()), but that would
+	    # take some major code restructuring to do right.
+	    return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 16);
+	} elsif ($dproto ne '$' and defined($proto) || $simple) { #'
+	    return $self->maybe_parens_func($kid, $args, $cx, 5);
+	} else {
+	    return "$kid(" . $args . ")";
+	}
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_enterwrite { unop(@_, "write") }
+
+# escape things that cause interpolation in double quotes,
+# but not character escapes
+sub uninterp {
+    my($str) = @_;
+    $str =~ s/(^|\G|[^\\])((?:\\\\)*)([\$\@]|\\[uUlLQE])/$1$2\\$3/g;
+    return $str;
+}
+
+{
+my $bal;
+BEGIN {
+    use re "eval";
+    # Matches any string which is balanced with respect to {braces}
+    $bal = qr(
+      (?:
+	[^\\{}]
+      | \\\\
+      | \\[{}]
+      | \{(??{$bal})\}
+      )*
+    )x;
+}
+
+# the same, but treat $|, $), $( and $ at the end of the string differently
+sub re_uninterp {
+    my($str) = @_;
+
+    $str =~ s/
+	  ( ^|\G                  # $1
+          | [^\\]
+          )
+
+          (                       # $2
+            (?:\\\\)*
+          )
+
+          (                       # $3
+            (\(\?\??\{$bal\}\))   # $4
+          | [\$\@]
+            (?!\||\)|\(|$)
+          | \\[uUlLQE]
+          )
+
+	/defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
+
+    return $str;
+}
+
+# This is for regular expressions with the /x modifier
+# We have to leave comments unmangled.
+sub re_uninterp_extended {
+    my($str) = @_;
+
+    $str =~ s/
+	  ( ^|\G                  # $1
+          | [^\\]
+          )
+
+          (                       # $2
+            (?:\\\\)*
+          )
+
+          (                       # $3
+            ( \(\?\??\{$bal\}\)   # $4  (skip over (?{}) and (??{}) blocks)
+            | \#[^\n]*            #     (skip over comments)
+            )
+          | [\$\@]
+            (?!\||\)|\(|$|\s)
+          | \\[uUlLQE]
+          )
+
+	/defined($4) && length($4) ? "$1$2$4" : "$1$2\\$3"/xeg;
+
+    return $str;
+}
+}
+
+my %unctrl = # portable to to EBCDIC
+    (
+     "\c@" => '\c@',	# unused
+     "\cA" => '\cA',
+     "\cB" => '\cB',
+     "\cC" => '\cC',
+     "\cD" => '\cD',
+     "\cE" => '\cE',
+     "\cF" => '\cF',
+     "\cG" => '\cG',
+     "\cH" => '\cH',
+     "\cI" => '\cI',
+     "\cJ" => '\cJ',
+     "\cK" => '\cK',
+     "\cL" => '\cL',
+     "\cM" => '\cM',
+     "\cN" => '\cN',
+     "\cO" => '\cO',
+     "\cP" => '\cP',
+     "\cQ" => '\cQ',
+     "\cR" => '\cR',
+     "\cS" => '\cS',
+     "\cT" => '\cT',
+     "\cU" => '\cU',
+     "\cV" => '\cV',
+     "\cW" => '\cW',
+     "\cX" => '\cX',
+     "\cY" => '\cY',
+     "\cZ" => '\cZ',
+     "\c[" => '\c[',	# unused
+     "\c\\" => '\c\\',	# unused
+     "\c]" => '\c]',	# unused
+     "\c_" => '\c_',	# unused
+    );
+
+# character escapes, but not delimiters that might need to be escaped
+sub escape_str { # ASCII, UTF8
+    my($str) = @_;
+    $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
+    $str =~ s/\a/\\a/g;
+#    $str =~ s/\cH/\\b/g; # \b means something different in a regex
+    $str =~ s/\t/\\t/g;
+    $str =~ s/\n/\\n/g;
+    $str =~ s/\e/\\e/g;
+    $str =~ s/\f/\\f/g;
+    $str =~ s/\r/\\r/g;
+    $str =~ s/([\cA-\cZ])/$unctrl{$1}/ge;
+    $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
+    return $str;
+}
+
+# For regexes with the /x modifier.
+# Leave whitespace unmangled.
+sub escape_extended_re {
+    my($str) = @_;
+    $str =~ s/(.)/ord($1) > 255 ? sprintf("\\x{%x}", ord($1)) : $1/eg;
+    $str =~ s/([[:^print:]])/
+	($1 =~ y! \t\n!!) ? $1 : sprintf("\\%03o", ord($1))/ge;
+    $str =~ s/\n/\n\f/g;
+    return $str;
+}
+
+# Don't do this for regexen
+sub unback {
+    my($str) = @_;
+    $str =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
+    return $str;
+}
+
+# Remove backslashes which precede literal control characters,
+# to avoid creating ambiguity when we escape the latter.
+sub re_unback {
+    my($str) = @_;
+
+    # the insane complexity here is due to the behaviour of "\c\"
+    $str =~ s/(^|[^\\]|\\c\\)(?<!\\c)\\(\\\\)*(?=[[:^print:]])/$1$2/g;
+    return $str;
+}
+
+sub balanced_delim {
+    my($str) = @_;
+    my @str = split //, $str;
+    my($ar, $open, $close, $fail, $c, $cnt, $last_bs);
+    for $ar (['[',']'], ['(',')'], ['<','>'], ['{','}']) {
+	($open, $close) = @$ar;
+	$fail = 0; $cnt = 0; $last_bs = 0;
+	for $c (@str) {
+	    if ($c eq $open) {
+		$fail = 1 if $last_bs;
+		$cnt++;
+	    } elsif ($c eq $close) {
+		$fail = 1 if $last_bs;
+		$cnt--;
+		if ($cnt < 0) {
+		    # qq()() isn't ")("
+		    $fail = 1;
+		    last;
+		}
+	    }
+	    $last_bs = $c eq '\\';
+	}
+	$fail = 1 if $cnt != 0;
+	return ($open, "$open$str$close") if not $fail;
+    }
+    return ("", $str);
+}
+
+sub single_delim {
+    my($q, $default, $str) = @_;
+    return "$default$str$default" if $default and index($str, $default) == -1;
+    if ($q ne 'qr') {
+	(my $succeed, $str) = balanced_delim($str);
+	return "$q$str" if $succeed;
+    }
+    for my $delim ('/', '"', '#') {
+	return "$q$delim" . $str . $delim if index($str, $delim) == -1;
+    }
+    if ($default) {
+	$str =~ s/$default/\\$default/g;
+	return "$default$str$default";
+    } else {
+	$str =~ s[/][\\/]g;
+	return "$q/$str/";
+    }
+}
+
+my $max_prec;
+BEGIN { $max_prec = int(0.999 + 8*length(pack("F", 42))*log(2)/log(10)); }
+
+# Split a floating point number into an integer mantissa and a binary
+# exponent. Assumes you've already made sure the number isn't zero or
+# some weird infinity or NaN.
+sub split_float {
+    my($f) = @_;
+    my $exponent = 0;
+    if ($f == int($f)) {
+	while ($f % 2 == 0) {
+	    $f /= 2;
+	    $exponent++;
+	}
+    } else {
+	while ($f != int($f)) {
+	    $f *= 2;
+	    $exponent--;
+	}
+    }
+    my $mantissa = sprintf("%.0f", $f);
+    return ($mantissa, $exponent);
+}
+
+sub const {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($sv, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($self->{'use_dumper'}) {
+	return $self->const_dumper($sv, $cx);
+    }
+    if (class($sv) eq "SPECIAL") {
+	# sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no
+	return ('undef', '1', $self->maybe_parens("!1", $cx, 21))[$$sv-1];
+    }
+    if (class($sv) eq "NULL") {
+       return 'undef';
+    }
+    # convert a version object into the "v1.2.3" string in its V magic
+    if ($sv->FLAGS & SVs_RMG) {
+	for (my $mg = $sv->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
+	    return $mg->PTR if $mg->TYPE eq 'V';
+	}
+    }
+
+    if ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_IOK) {
+	my $str = $sv->int_value;
+	$str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $str < 0;
+	return $str;
+    } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_NOK) {
+	my $nv = $sv->NV;
+	if ($nv == 0) {
+	    if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", 0)) {
+		# positive zero
+		return "0";
+	    } else {
+		# negative zero
+		return $self->maybe_parens("-.0", $cx, 21);
+	    }
+	} elsif (1/$nv == 0) {
+	    if ($nv > 0) {
+		# positive infinity
+		return $self->maybe_parens("9**9**9", $cx, 22);
+	    } else {
+		# negative infinity
+		return $self->maybe_parens("-9**9**9", $cx, 21);
+	    }
+	} elsif ($nv != $nv) {
+	    # NaN
+	    if (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", sin(9**9**9))) {
+		# the normal kind
+		return "sin(9**9**9)";
+	    } elsif (pack("F", $nv) eq pack("F", -sin(9**9**9))) {
+		# the inverted kind
+		return $self->maybe_parens("-sin(9**9**9)", $cx, 21);
+	    } else {
+		# some other kind
+		my $hex = unpack("h*", pack("F", $nv));
+		return qq'unpack("F", pack("h*", "$hex"))';
+	    }
+	}
+	# first, try the default stringification
+	my $str = "$nv";
+	if ($str != $nv) {
+	    # failing that, try using more precision
+	    $str = sprintf("%.${max_prec}g", $nv);
+#	    if (pack("F", $str) ne pack("F", $nv)) {
+	    if ($str != $nv) {
+		# not representable in decimal with whatever sprintf()
+		# and atof() Perl is using here.
+		my($mant, $exp) = split_float($nv);
+		return $self->maybe_parens("$mant * 2**$exp", $cx, 19);
+	    }
+	}
+	$str = $self->maybe_parens($str, $cx, 21) if $nv < 0;
+	return $str;
+    } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_ROK && $sv->can("RV")) {
+	my $ref = $sv->RV;
+	if (class($ref) eq "AV") {
+	    return "[" . $self->list_const(2, $ref->ARRAY) . "]";
+	} elsif (class($ref) eq "HV") {
+	    my %hash = $ref->ARRAY;
+	    my @elts;
+	    for my $k (sort keys %hash) {
+		push @elts, "$k => " . $self->const($hash{$k}, 6);
+	    }
+	    return "{" . join(", ", @elts) . "}";
+	} elsif (class($ref) eq "CV") {
+	    return "sub " . $self->deparse_sub($ref);
+	}
+	if ($ref->FLAGS & SVs_SMG) {
+	    for (my $mg = $ref->MAGIC; $mg; $mg = $mg->MOREMAGIC) {
+		if ($mg->TYPE eq 'r') {
+		    my $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($mg->precomp)));
+		    return single_delim("qr", "", $re);
+		}
+	    }
+	}
+	
+	return $self->maybe_parens("\\" . $self->const($ref, 20), $cx, 20);
+    } elsif ($sv->FLAGS & SVf_POK) {
+	my $str = $sv->PV;
+	if ($str =~ /[[:^print:]]/) {
+	    return single_delim("qq", '"', uninterp escape_str unback $str);
+	} else {
+	    return single_delim("q", "'", unback $str);
+	}
+    } else {
+	return "undef";
+    }
+}
+
+sub const_dumper {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($sv, $cx) = @_;
+    my $ref = $sv->object_2svref();
+    my $dumper = Data::Dumper->new([$$ref], ['$v']);
+    $dumper->Purity(1)->Terse(1)->Deparse(1)->Indent(0)->Useqq(1)->Sortkeys(1);
+    my $str = $dumper->Dump();
+    if ($str =~ /^\$v/) {
+	return '${my ' . $str . ' \$v}';
+    } else {
+	return $str;
+    }
+}
+
+sub const_sv {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $op = shift;
+    my $sv = $op->sv;
+    # the constant could be in the pad (under useithreads)
+    $sv = $self->padval($op->targ) unless $$sv;
+    return $sv;
+}
+
+sub pp_const {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    if ($op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE) {
+        return '$[';
+    }
+#    if ($op->private & OPpCONST_BARE) { # trouble with `=>' autoquoting
+#	return $self->const_sv($op)->PV;
+#    }
+    my $sv = $self->const_sv($op);
+    return $self->const($sv, $cx);
+}
+
+sub dq {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my $op = shift;
+    my $type = $op->name;
+    if ($type eq "const") {
+	return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
+	return uninterp(escape_str(unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string)));
+    } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
+	my $first = $self->dq($op->first);
+	my $last  = $self->dq($op->last);
+
+	# Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]", "$foo\::bar"
+	($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
+	    $first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/)  # "${^}W" etc
+	    || ($last =~ /^[:'{\[\w_]/ && #'
+		$first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
+
+	return $first . $last;
+    } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
+	return '\U' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
+    } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
+	return '\L' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
+    } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
+	return '\u' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
+    } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
+	return '\l' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling);
+    } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
+	return '\Q' . $self->dq($op->first->sibling) . '\E';
+    } elsif ($type eq "join") {
+	return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
+    } else {
+	return $self->deparse($op, 26);
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_backtick {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    # skip pushmark if it exists (readpipe() vs ``)
+    my $child = $op->first->sibling->isa('B::NULL')
+	? $op->first : $op->first->sibling;
+    return single_delim("qx", '`', $self->dq($child));
+}
+
+sub dquote {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first->sibling; # skip ex-stringify, pushmark
+    return $self->deparse($kid, $cx) if $self->{'unquote'};
+    $self->maybe_targmy($kid, $cx,
+			sub {single_delim("qq", '"', $self->dq($_[1]))});
+}
+
+# OP_STRINGIFY is a listop, but it only ever has one arg
+sub pp_stringify { maybe_targmy(@_, \&dquote) }
+
+# tr/// and s/// (and tr[][], tr[]//, tr###, etc)
+# note that tr(from)/to/ is OK, but not tr/from/(to)
+sub double_delim {
+    my($from, $to) = @_;
+    my($succeed, $delim);
+    if ($from !~ m[/] and $to !~ m[/]) {
+	return "/$from/$to/";
+    } elsif (($succeed, $from) = balanced_delim($from) and $succeed) {
+	if (($succeed, $to) = balanced_delim($to) and $succeed) {
+	    return "$from$to";
+	} else {
+	    for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no `'' -- s''' is special
+		return "$from$delim$to$delim" if index($to, $delim) == -1;
+	    }
+	    $to =~ s[/][\\/]g;
+	    return "$from/$to/";
+	}
+    } else {
+	for $delim ('/', '"', '#') { # note no '
+	    return "$delim$from$delim$to$delim"
+		if index($to . $from, $delim) == -1;
+	}
+	$from =~ s[/][\\/]g;
+	$to =~ s[/][\\/]g;
+	return "/$from/$to/";	
+    }
+}
+
+# Only used by tr///, so backslashes hyphens
+sub pchr { # ASCII
+    my($n) = @_;
+    if ($n == ord '\\') {
+	return '\\\\';
+    } elsif ($n == ord "-") {
+	return "\\-";
+    } elsif ($n >= ord(' ') and $n <= ord('~')) {
+	return chr($n);
+    } elsif ($n == ord "\a") {
+	return '\\a';
+    } elsif ($n == ord "\b") {
+	return '\\b';
+    } elsif ($n == ord "\t") {
+	return '\\t';
+    } elsif ($n == ord "\n") {
+	return '\\n';
+    } elsif ($n == ord "\e") {
+	return '\\e';
+    } elsif ($n == ord "\f") {
+	return '\\f';
+    } elsif ($n == ord "\r") {
+	return '\\r';
+    } elsif ($n >= ord("\cA") and $n <= ord("\cZ")) {
+	return '\\c' . chr(ord("@") + $n);
+    } else {
+#	return '\x' . sprintf("%02x", $n);
+	return '\\' . sprintf("%03o", $n);
+    }
+}
+
+sub collapse {
+    my(@chars) = @_;
+    my($str, $c, $tr) = ("");
+    for ($c = 0; $c < @chars; $c++) {
+	$tr = $chars[$c];
+	$str .= pchr($tr);
+	if ($c <= $#chars - 2 and $chars[$c + 1] == $tr + 1 and
+	    $chars[$c + 2] == $tr + 2)
+	{
+	    for (; $c <= $#chars-1 and $chars[$c + 1] == $chars[$c] + 1; $c++)
+	      {}
+	    $str .= "-";
+	    $str .= pchr($chars[$c]);
+	}
+    }
+    return $str;
+}
+
+sub tr_decode_byte {
+    my($table, $flags) = @_;
+    my(@table) = unpack("s*", $table);
+    splice @table, 0x100, 1;   # Number of subsequent elements
+    my($c, $tr, @from, @to, @delfrom, $delhyphen);
+    if ($table[ord "-"] != -1 and
+	$table[ord("-") - 1] == -1 || $table[ord("-") + 1] == -1)
+    {
+	$tr = $table[ord "-"];
+	$table[ord "-"] = -1;
+	if ($tr >= 0) {
+	    @from = ord("-");
+	    @to = $tr;
+	} else { # -2 ==> delete
+	    $delhyphen = 1;
+	}
+    }
+    for ($c = 0; $c < @table; $c++) {
+	$tr = $table[$c];
+	if ($tr >= 0) {
+	    push @from, $c; push @to, $tr;
+	} elsif ($tr == -2) {
+	    push @delfrom, $c;
+	}
+    }
+    @from = (@from, @delfrom);
+    if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
+	my @newfrom = ();
+	my %from;
+	@from{@from} = (1) x @from;
+	for ($c = 0; $c < 256; $c++) {
+	    push @newfrom, $c unless $from{$c};
+	}
+	@from = @newfrom;
+    }
+    unless ($flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE || !@to) {
+	pop @to while $#to and $to[$#to] == $to[$#to -1];
+    }
+    my($from, $to);
+    $from = collapse(@from);
+    $to = collapse(@to);
+    $from .= "-" if $delhyphen;
+    return ($from, $to);
+}
+
+sub tr_chr {
+    my $x = shift;
+    if ($x == ord "-") {
+	return "\\-";
+    } elsif ($x == ord "\\") {
+	return "\\\\";
+    } else {
+	return chr $x;
+    }
+}
+
+# XXX This doesn't yet handle all cases correctly either
+
+sub tr_decode_utf8 {
+    my($swash_hv, $flags) = @_;
+    my %swash = $swash_hv->ARRAY;
+    my $final = undef;
+    $final = $swash{'FINAL'}->IV if exists $swash{'FINAL'};
+    my $none = $swash{"NONE"}->IV;
+    my $extra = $none + 1;
+    my(@from, @delfrom, @to);
+    my $line;
+    foreach $line (split /\n/, $swash{'LIST'}->PV) {
+	my($min, $max, $result) = split(/\t/, $line);
+	$min = hex $min;
+	if (length $max) {
+	    $max = hex $max;
+	} else {
+	    $max = $min;
+	}
+	$result = hex $result;
+	if ($result == $extra) {
+	    push @delfrom, [$min, $max];
+	} else {
+	    push @from, [$min, $max];
+	    push @to, [$result, $result + $max - $min];
+	}
+    }
+    for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
+	if ($from[$i][0] == ord '-') {
+	    unshift @from, splice(@from, $i, 1);
+	    unshift @to, splice(@to, $i, 1);
+	    last;
+	} elsif ($from[$i][1] == ord '-') {
+	    $from[$i][1]--;
+	    $to[$i][1]--;
+	    unshift @from, ord '-';
+	    unshift @to, ord '-';
+	    last;
+	}
+    }
+    for my $i (0 .. $#delfrom) {
+	if ($delfrom[$i][0] == ord '-') {
+	    push @delfrom, splice(@delfrom, $i, 1);
+	    last;
+	} elsif ($delfrom[$i][1] == ord '-') {
+	    $delfrom[$i][1]--;
+	    push @delfrom, ord '-';
+	    last;
+	}
+    }
+    if (defined $final and $to[$#to][1] != $final) {
+	push @to, [$final, $final];
+    }
+    push @from, @delfrom;
+    if ($flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT) {
+	my @newfrom;
+	my $next = 0;
+	for my $i (0 .. $#from) {
+	    push @newfrom, [$next, $from[$i][0] - 1];
+	    $next = $from[$i][1] + 1;
+	}
+	@from = ();
+	for my $range (@newfrom) {
+	    if ($range->[0] <= $range->[1]) {
+		push @from, $range;
+	    }
+	}
+    }
+    my($from, $to, $diff);
+    for my $chunk (@from) {
+	$diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
+	if ($diff > 1) {
+	    $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
+	} elsif ($diff == 1) {
+	    $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
+	} else {
+	    $from .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
+	}
+    }
+    for my $chunk (@to) {
+	$diff = $chunk->[1] - $chunk->[0];
+	if ($diff > 1) {
+	    $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . "-" . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
+	} elsif ($diff == 1) {
+	    $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]) . tr_chr($chunk->[1]);
+	} else {
+	    $to .= tr_chr($chunk->[0]);
+	}
+    }
+    #$final = sprintf("%04x", $final) if defined $final;
+    #$none = sprintf("%04x", $none) if defined $none;
+    #$extra = sprintf("%04x", $extra) if defined $extra;
+    #print STDERR "final: $final\n none: $none\nextra: $extra\n";
+    #print STDERR $swash{'LIST'}->PV;
+    return (escape_str($from), escape_str($to));
+}
+
+sub pp_trans {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my($from, $to);
+    my $class = class($op);
+    my $priv_flags = $op->private;
+    if ($class eq "PVOP") {
+	($from, $to) = tr_decode_byte($op->pv, $priv_flags);
+    } elsif ($class eq "PADOP") {
+	($from, $to)
+	  = tr_decode_utf8($self->padval($op->padix)->RV, $priv_flags);
+    } else { # class($op) eq "SVOP"
+	($from, $to) = tr_decode_utf8($op->sv->RV, $priv_flags);
+    }
+    my $flags = "";
+    $flags .= "c" if $priv_flags & OPpTRANS_COMPLEMENT;
+    $flags .= "d" if $priv_flags & OPpTRANS_DELETE;
+    $to = "" if $from eq $to and $flags eq "";
+    $flags .= "s" if $priv_flags & OPpTRANS_SQUASH;
+    return "tr" . double_delim($from, $to) . $flags;
+}
+
+sub pp_transr { &pp_trans . 'r' }
+
+sub re_dq_disambiguate {
+    my ($first, $last) = @_;
+    # Disambiguate "${foo}bar", "${foo}{bar}", "${foo}[1]"
+    ($last =~ /^[A-Z\\\^\[\]_?]/ &&
+	$first =~ s/([\$@])\^$/${1}{^}/)  # "${^}W" etc
+	|| ($last =~ /^[{\[\w_]/ &&
+	    $first =~ s/([\$@])([A-Za-z_]\w*)$/${1}{$2}/);
+    return $first . $last;
+}
+
+# Like dq(), but different
+sub re_dq {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my ($op, $extended) = @_;
+
+    my $type = $op->name;
+    if ($type eq "const") {
+	return '$[' if $op->private & OPpCONST_ARYBASE;
+	my $unbacked = re_unback($self->const_sv($op)->as_string);
+	return re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked))
+	    if $extended;
+	return re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
+    } elsif ($type eq "concat") {
+	my $first = $self->re_dq($op->first, $extended);
+	my $last  = $self->re_dq($op->last,  $extended);
+	return re_dq_disambiguate($first, $last);
+    } elsif ($type eq "uc") {
+	return '\U' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
+    } elsif ($type eq "lc") {
+	return '\L' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
+    } elsif ($type eq "ucfirst") {
+	return '\u' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
+    } elsif ($type eq "lcfirst") {
+	return '\l' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended);
+    } elsif ($type eq "quotemeta") {
+	return '\Q' . $self->re_dq($op->first->sibling, $extended) . '\E';
+    } elsif ($type eq "join") {
+	return $self->deparse($op->last, 26); # was join($", @ary)
+    } else {
+	return $self->deparse($op, 26);
+    }
+}
+
+sub pure_string {
+    my ($self, $op) = @_;
+    return 0 if null $op;
+    my $type = $op->name;
+
+    if ($type eq 'const') {
+	return 1;
+    }
+    elsif ($type =~ /^[ul]c(first)?$/ || $type eq 'quotemeta') {
+	return $self->pure_string($op->first->sibling);
+    }
+    elsif ($type eq 'join') {
+	my $join_op = $op->first->sibling;  # Skip pushmark
+	return 0 unless $join_op->name eq 'null' && $join_op->targ eq OP_RV2SV;
+
+	my $gvop = $join_op->first;
+	return 0 unless $gvop->name eq 'gvsv';
+        return 0 unless '"' eq $self->gv_name($self->gv_or_padgv($gvop));
+
+	return 0 unless ${$join_op->sibling} eq ${$op->last};
+	return 0 unless $op->last->name =~ /^(?:[ah]slice|(?:rv2|pad)av)$/;
+    }
+    elsif ($type eq 'concat') {
+	return $self->pure_string($op->first)
+            && $self->pure_string($op->last);
+    }
+    elsif (is_scalar($op) || $type =~ /^[ah]elem$/) {
+	return 1;
+    }
+    elsif ($type eq "null" and $op->can('first') and not null $op->first and
+	   $op->first->name eq "null" and $op->first->can('first')
+	   and not null $op->first->first and
+	   $op->first->first->name eq "aelemfast") {
+	return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+	return 0;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+sub regcomp {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $extended) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcmaybe";
+    $kid = $kid->first if $kid->name eq "regcreset";
+    if ($kid->name eq "null" and !null($kid->first)
+	and $kid->first->name eq 'pushmark')
+    {
+	my $str = '';
+	$kid = $kid->first->sibling;
+	while (!null($kid)) {
+	    my $first = $str;
+	    my $last = $self->re_dq($kid, $extended);
+	    $str = re_dq_disambiguate($first, $last);
+	    $kid = $kid->sibling;
+	}
+	return $str, 1;
+    }
+
+    return ($self->re_dq($kid, $extended), 1) if $self->pure_string($kid);
+    return ($self->deparse($kid, $cx), 0);
+}
+
+sub pp_regcomp {
+    my ($self, $op, $cx) = @_;
+    return (($self->regcomp($op, $cx, 0))[0]);
+}
+
+# osmic acid -- see osmium tetroxide
+
+my %matchwords;
+map($matchwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'cig', 'cog', 'cos', 'cogs',
+    'cox', 'go', 'is', 'ism', 'iso', 'mig', 'mix', 'osmic', 'ox', 'sic',
+    'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'so', 'soc', 'sog', 'xi');
+
+sub matchop {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx, $name, $delim) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    my ($binop, $var, $re) = ("", "", "");
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	$binop = 1;
+	$var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+    }
+    my $quote = 1;
+    my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
+    my $rhs_bound_to_defsv;
+    if (null $kid) {
+	my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
+	if ($extended) {
+	    $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
+	} else {
+	    $re = re_uninterp(escape_str(re_unback($op->precomp)));
+	}
+    } elsif ($kid->name ne 'regcomp') {
+	carp("found ".$kid->name." where regcomp expected");
+    } else {
+	($re, $quote) = $self->regcomp($kid, 21, $extended);
+	$rhs_bound_to_defsv = 1 if $kid->first->first->flags & OPf_SPECIAL;
+    }
+    my $flags = "";
+    $flags .= "c" if $op->pmflags & PMf_CONTINUE;
+    $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
+    $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
+    $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
+    $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
+    $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
+    $flags .= "x" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED;
+    $flags = $matchwords{$flags} if $matchwords{$flags};
+    if ($op->pmflags & PMf_ONCE) { # only one kind of delimiter works here
+	$re =~ s/\?/\\?/g;
+	$re = "?$re?";
+    } elsif ($quote) {
+	$re = single_delim($name, $delim, $re);
+    }
+    $re = $re . $flags if $quote;
+    if ($binop) {
+	return
+	 $self->maybe_parens(
+	  $rhs_bound_to_defsv
+	   ? "$var =~ (\$_ =~ $re)"
+	   : "$var =~ $re",
+	  $cx, 20
+	 );
+    } else {
+	return $re;
+    }
+}
+
+sub pp_match { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
+sub pp_pushre { matchop(@_, "m", "/") }
+sub pp_qr { matchop(@_, "qr", "") }
+
+sub pp_split {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my($kid, @exprs, $ary, $expr);
+    $kid = $op->first;
+
+    # For our kid (an OP_PUSHRE), pmreplroot is never actually the
+    # root of a replacement; it's either empty, or abused to point to
+    # the GV for an array we split into (an optimization to save
+    # assignment overhead). Depending on whether we're using ithreads,
+    # this OP* holds either a GV* or a PADOFFSET. Luckily, B.xs
+    # figures out for us which it is.
+    my $replroot = $kid->pmreplroot;
+    my $gv = 0;
+    if (ref($replroot) eq "B::GV") {
+	$gv = $replroot;
+    } elsif (!ref($replroot) and $replroot > 0) {
+	$gv = $self->padval($replroot);
+    }
+    $ary = $self->stash_variable('@', $self->gv_name($gv)) if $gv;
+
+    for (; !null($kid); $kid = $kid->sibling) {
+	push @exprs, $self->deparse($kid, 6);
+    }
+
+    # handle special case of split(), and split(' ') that compiles to /\s+/
+    # Under 5.10, the reflags may be undef if the split regexp isn't a constant
+    $kid = $op->first;
+    if ( $kid->flags & OPf_SPECIAL
+	 and ( $] < 5.009 ? $kid->pmflags & PMf_SKIPWHITE()
+	      : ($kid->reflags || 0) & RXf_SKIPWHITE() ) ) {
+	$exprs[0] = "' '";
+    }
+
+    $expr = "split(" . join(", ", @exprs) . ")";
+    if ($ary) {
+	return $self->maybe_parens("$ary = $expr", $cx, 7);
+    } else {
+	return $expr;
+    }
+}
+
+# oxime -- any of various compounds obtained chiefly by the action of
+# hydroxylamine on aldehydes and ketones and characterized by the
+# bivalent grouping C=NOH [Webster's Tenth]
+
+my %substwords;
+map($substwords{join "", sort split //, $_} = $_, 'ego', 'egoism', 'em',
+    'es', 'ex', 'exes', 'gee', 'go', 'goes', 'ie', 'ism', 'iso', 'me',
+    'meese', 'meso', 'mig', 'mix', 'os', 'ox', 'oxime', 'see', 'seem',
+    'seg', 'sex', 'sig', 'six', 'smog', 'sog', 'some', 'xi',
+    'sir', 'rise', 'smore', 'more', 'seer', 'rome', 'gore', 'grim', 'grime',
+    'or', 'rose', 'rosie');
+
+sub pp_subst {
+    my $self = shift;
+    my($op, $cx) = @_;
+    my $kid = $op->first;
+    my($binop, $var, $re, $repl) = ("", "", "", "");
+    if ($op->flags & OPf_STACKED) {
+	$binop = 1;
+	$var = $self->deparse($kid, 20);
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+    }
+    my $flags = "";
+    if (null($op->pmreplroot)) {
+	$repl = $self->dq($kid);
+	$kid = $kid->sibling;
+    } else {
+	$repl = $op->pmreplroot->first; # skip substcont
+	while ($repl->name eq "entereval") {
+	    $repl = $repl->first;
+	    $flags .= "e";
+	}
+	if ($op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL) {
+	    $repl = $self->deparse($repl->first, 0);
+	} else {
+	    $repl = $self->dq($repl);	
+	}
+    }
+    my $extended = ($op->pmflags & PMf_EXTENDED);
+    if (null $kid) {
+	my $unbacked = re_unback($op->precomp);
+	if ($extended) {
+	    $re = re_uninterp_extended(escape_extended_re($unbacked));
+	}
+	else {
+	    $re = re_uninterp(escape_str($unbacked));
+	}
+    } else {
+	($re) = $self->regcomp($kid, 1, $extended);
+    }
+    $flags .= "e" if $op->pmflags & PMf_EVAL;
+    $flags .= "r" if $op->pmflags & PMf_NONDESTRUCT;
+    $flags .= "g" if $op->pmflags & PMf_GLOBAL;
+    $flags .= "i" if $op->pmflags & PMf_FOLD;
+    $flags .= "m" if $op->pmflags & PMf_MULTILINE;
+    $flags .= "o" if $op->pmflags & PMf_KEEP;
+    $flags .= "s" if $op->pmflags & PMf_SINGLELINE;
+    $flags .= "x" if $extended;
+    $flags = $substwords{$flags} if $substwords{$flags};
+    if ($binop) {
+	return $self->maybe_parens("$var =~ s"
+				   . double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags,
+				   $cx, 20);
+    } else {
+	return "s". double_delim($re, $repl) . $flags;	
+    }
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+B<perl> B<-MO=Deparse>[B<,-d>][B<,-f>I<FILE>][B<,-p>][B<,-q>][B<,-l>]
+        [B<,-s>I<LETTERS>][B<,-x>I<LEVEL>] I<prog.pl>
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+B::Deparse is a backend module for the Perl compiler that generates
+perl source code, based on the internal compiled structure that perl
+itself creates after parsing a program. The output of B::Deparse won't
+be exactly the same as the original source, since perl doesn't keep
+track of comments or whitespace, and there isn't a one-to-one
+correspondence between perl's syntactical constructions and their
+compiled form, but it will often be close. When you use the B<-p>
+option, the output also includes parentheses even when they are not
+required by precedence, which can make it easy to see if perl is
+parsing your expressions the way you intended.
+
+While B::Deparse goes to some lengths to try to figure out what your
+original program was doing, some parts of the language can still trip
+it up; it still fails even on some parts of Perl's own test suite. If
+you encounter a failure other than the most common ones described in
+the BUGS section below, you can help contribute to B::Deparse's
+ongoing development by submitting a bug report with a small
+example.
+
+=head1 OPTIONS
+
+As with all compiler backend options, these must follow directly after
+the '-MO=Deparse', separated by a comma but not any white space.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item B<-d>
+
+Output data values (when they appear as constants) using Data::Dumper.
+Without this option, B::Deparse will use some simple routines of its
+own for the same purpose. Currently, Data::Dumper is better for some
+kinds of data (such as complex structures with sharing and
+self-reference) while the built-in routines are better for others
+(such as odd floating-point values).
+
+=item B<-f>I<FILE>
+
+Normally, B::Deparse deparses the main code of a program, and all the subs
+defined in the same file. To include subs defined in other files, pass the
+B<-f> option with the filename. You can pass the B<-f> option several times, to
+include more than one secondary file.  (Most of the time you don't want to
+use it at all.)  You can also use this option to include subs which are
+defined in the scope of a B<#line> directive with two parameters.
+
+=item B<-l>
+
+Add '#line' declarations to the output based on the line and file
+locations of the original code.
+
+=item B<-p>
+
+Print extra parentheses. Without this option, B::Deparse includes
+parentheses in its output only when they are needed, based on the
+structure of your program. With B<-p>, it uses parentheses (almost)
+whenever they would be legal. This can be useful if you are used to
+LISP, or if you want to see how perl parses your input. If you say
+
+    if ($var & 0x7f == 65) {print "Gimme an A!"}
+    print ($which ? $a : $b), "\n";
+    $name = $ENV{USER} or "Bob";
+
+C<B::Deparse,-p> will print
+
+    if (($var & 0)) {
+        print('Gimme an A!')
+    };
+    (print(($which ? $a : $b)), '???');
+    (($name = $ENV{'USER'}) or '???')
+
+which probably isn't what you intended (the C<'???'> is a sign that
+perl optimized away a constant value).
+
+=item B<-P>
+
+Disable prototype checking. With this option, all function calls are
+deparsed as if no prototype was defined for them. In other words,
+
+    perl -MO=Deparse,-P -e 'sub foo (\@) { 1 } foo @x'
+
+will print
+
+    sub foo (\@) {
+	1;
+    }
+    &foo(\@x);
+
+making clear how the parameters are actually passed to C<foo>.
+
+=item B<-q>
+
+Expand double-quoted strings into the corresponding combinations of
+concatenation, uc, ucfirst, lc, lcfirst, quotemeta, and join. For
+instance, print
+
+    print "Hello, $world, @ladies, \u$gentlemen\E, \u\L$me!";
+
+as
+
+    print 'Hello, ' . $world . ', ' . join($", @ladies) . ', '
+          . ucfirst($gentlemen) . ', ' . ucfirst(lc $me . '!');
+
+Note that the expanded form represents the way perl handles such
+constructions internally -- this option actually turns off the reverse
+translation that B::Deparse usually does. On the other hand, note that
+C<$x = "$y"> is not the same as C<$x = $y>: the former makes the value
+of $y into a string before doing the assignment.
+
+=item B<-s>I<LETTERS>
+
+Tweak the style of B::Deparse's output. The letters should follow
+directly after the 's', with no space or punctuation. The following
+options are available:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item B<C>
+
+Cuddle C<elsif>, C<else>, and C<continue> blocks. For example, print
+
+    if (...) {
+         ...
+    } else {
+         ...
+    }
+
+instead of
+
+    if (...) {
+         ...
+    }
+    else {
+         ...
+    }
+
+The default is not to cuddle.
+
+=item B<i>I<NUMBER>
+
+Indent lines by multiples of I<NUMBER> columns. The default is 4 columns.
+
+=item B<T>
+
+Use tabs for each 8 columns of indent. The default is to use only spaces.
+For instance, if the style options are B<-si4T>, a line that's indented
+3 times will be preceded by one tab and four spaces; if the options were
+B<-si8T>, the same line would be preceded by three tabs.
+
+=item B<v>I<STRING>B<.>
+
+Print I<STRING> for the value of a constant that can't be determined
+because it was optimized away (mnemonic: this happens when a constant
+is used in B<v>oid context). The end of the string is marked by a period.
+The string should be a valid perl expression, generally a constant.
+Note that unless it's a number, it probably needs to be quoted, and on
+a command line quotes need to be protected from the shell. Some
+conventional values include 0, 1, 42, '', 'foo', and
+'Useless use of constant omitted' (which may need to be
+B<-sv"'Useless use of constant omitted'.">
+or something similar depending on your shell). The default is '???'.
+If you're using B::Deparse on a module or other file that's require'd,
+you shouldn't use a value that evaluates to false, since the customary
+true constant at the end of a module will be in void context when the
+file is compiled as a main program.
+
+=back
+
+=item B<-x>I<LEVEL>
+
+Expand conventional syntax constructions into equivalent ones that expose
+their internal operation. I<LEVEL> should be a digit, with higher values
+meaning more expansion. As with B<-q>, this actually involves turning off
+special cases in B::Deparse's normal operations.
+
+If I<LEVEL> is at least 3, C<for> loops will be translated into equivalent
+while loops with continue blocks; for instance
+
+    for ($i = 0; $i < 10; ++$i) {
+        print $i;
+    }
+
+turns into
+
+    $i = 0;
+    while ($i < 10) {
+        print $i;
+    } continue {
+        ++$i
+    }
+
+Note that in a few cases this translation can't be perfectly carried back
+into the source code -- if the loop's initializer declares a my variable,
+for instance, it won't have the correct scope outside of the loop.
+
+If I<LEVEL> is at least 5, C<use> declarations will be translated into
+C<BEGIN> blocks containing calls to C<require> and C<import>; for
+instance,
+
+    use strict 'refs';
+
+turns into
+
+    sub BEGIN {
+        require strict;
+        do {
+            'strict'->import('refs')
+        };
+    }
+
+If I<LEVEL> is at least 7, C<if> statements will be translated into
+equivalent expressions using C<&&>, C<?:> and C<do {}>; for instance
+
+    print 'hi' if $nice;
+    if ($nice) {
+        print 'hi';
+    }
+    if ($nice) {
+        print 'hi';
+    } else {
+        print 'bye';
+    }
+
+turns into
+
+    $nice and print 'hi';
+    $nice and do { print 'hi' };
+    $nice ? do { print 'hi' } : do { print 'bye' };
+
+Long sequences of elsifs will turn into nested ternary operators, which
+B::Deparse doesn't know how to indent nicely.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
+
+=head2 Synopsis
+
+    use B::Deparse;
+    $deparse = B::Deparse->new("-p", "-sC");
+    $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func);
+    eval "sub func $body"; # the inverse operation
+
+=head2 Description
+
+B::Deparse can also be used on a sub-by-sub basis from other perl
+programs.
+
+=head2 new
+
+    $deparse = B::Deparse->new(OPTIONS)
+
+Create an object to store the state of a deparsing operation and any
+options. The options are the same as those that can be given on the
+command line (see L</OPTIONS>); options that are separated by commas
+after B<-MO=Deparse> should be given as separate strings.
+
+=head2 ambient_pragmas
+
+    $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'all', '$[' => $[);
+
+The compilation of a subroutine can be affected by a few compiler
+directives, B<pragmas>. These are:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+use strict;
+
+=item *
+
+use warnings;
+
+=item *
+
+Assigning to the special variable $[
+
+=item *
+
+use integer;
+
+=item *
+
+use bytes;
+
+=item *
+
+use utf8;
+
+=item *
+
+use re;
+
+=back
+
+Ordinarily, if you use B::Deparse on a subroutine which has
+been compiled in the presence of one or more of these pragmas,
+the output will include statements to turn on the appropriate
+directives. So if you then compile the code returned by coderef2text,
+it will behave the same way as the subroutine which you deparsed.
+
+However, you may know that you intend to use the results in a
+particular context, where some pragmas are already in scope. In
+this case, you use the B<ambient_pragmas> method to describe the
+assumptions you wish to make.
+
+Not all of the options currently have any useful effect. See
+L</BUGS> for more details.
+
+The parameters it accepts are:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item strict
+
+Takes a string, possibly containing several values separated
+by whitespace. The special values "all" and "none" mean what you'd
+expect.
+
+    $deparse->ambient_pragmas(strict => 'subs refs');
+
+=item $[
+
+Takes a number, the value of the array base $[.
+
+=item bytes
+
+=item utf8
+
+=item integer
+
+If the value is true, then the appropriate pragma is assumed to
+be in the ambient scope, otherwise not.
+
+=item re
+
+Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
+values. The values "all" and "none" are special. It's also permissible
+to pass an array reference here.
+
+    $deparser->ambient_pragmas(re => 'eval');
+
+
+=item warnings
+
+Takes a string, possibly containing a whitespace-separated list of
+values. The values "all" and "none" are special, again. It's also
+permissible to pass an array reference here.
+
+    $deparser->ambient_pragmas(warnings => [qw[void io]]);
+
+If one of the values is the string "FATAL", then all the warnings
+in that list will be considered fatal, just as with the B<warnings>
+pragma itself. Should you need to specify that some warnings are
+fatal, and others are merely enabled, you can pass the B<warnings>
+parameter twice:
+
+    $deparser->ambient_pragmas(
+	warnings => 'all',
+	warnings => [FATAL => qw/void io/],
+    );
+
+See L<perllexwarn> for more information about lexical warnings.
+
+=item hint_bits
+
+=item warning_bits
+
+These two parameters are used to specify the ambient pragmas in
+the format used by the special variables $^H and ${^WARNING_BITS}.
+
+They exist principally so that you can write code like:
+
+    { my ($hint_bits, $warning_bits);
+    BEGIN {($hint_bits, $warning_bits) = ($^H, ${^WARNING_BITS})}
+    $deparser->ambient_pragmas (
+	hint_bits    => $hint_bits,
+	warning_bits => $warning_bits,
+	'$['         => 0 + $[
+    ); }
+
+which specifies that the ambient pragmas are exactly those which
+are in scope at the point of calling.
+
+=item %^H
+
+This parameter is used to specify the ambient pragmas which are
+stored in the special hash %^H.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 coderef2text
+
+    $body = $deparse->coderef2text(\&func)
+    $body = $deparse->coderef2text(sub ($$) { ... })
+
+Return source code for the body of a subroutine (a block, optionally
+preceded by a prototype in parens), given a reference to the
+sub. Because a subroutine can have no names, or more than one name,
+this method doesn't return a complete subroutine definition -- if you
+want to eval the result, you should prepend "sub subname ", or "sub "
+for an anonymous function constructor. Unless the sub was defined in
+the main:: package, the code will include a package declaration.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+=over 4
+
+=item *
+
+The only pragmas to be completely supported are: C<use warnings>,
+C<use strict 'refs'>, C<use bytes>, and C<use integer>. (C<$[>, which
+behaves like a pragma, is also supported.)
+
+Excepting those listed above, we're currently unable to guarantee that
+B::Deparse will produce a pragma at the correct point in the program.
+(Specifically, pragmas at the beginning of a block often appear right
+before the start of the block instead.)
+Since the effects of pragmas are often lexically scoped, this can mean
+that the pragma holds sway over a different portion of the program
+than in the input file.
+
+=item *
+
+In fact, the above is a specific instance of a more general problem:
+we can't guarantee to produce BEGIN blocks or C<use> declarations in
+exactly the right place. So if you use a module which affects compilation
+(such as by over-riding keywords, overloading constants or whatever)
+then the output code might not work as intended.
+
+This is the most serious outstanding problem, and will require some help
+from the Perl core to fix.
+
+=item *
+
+If a keyword is over-ridden, and your program explicitly calls
+the built-in version by using CORE::keyword, the output of B::Deparse
+will not reflect this. If you run the resulting code, it will call
+the over-ridden version rather than the built-in one. (Maybe there
+should be an option to B<always> print keyword calls as C<CORE::name>.)
+
+=item *
+
+Some constants don't print correctly either with or without B<-d>.
+For instance, neither B::Deparse nor Data::Dumper know how to print
+dual-valued scalars correctly, as in:
+
+    use constant E2BIG => ($!=7); $y = E2BIG; print $y, 0+$y;
+
+    use constant H => { "#" => 1 }; H->{"#"};
+
+=item *
+
+An input file that uses source filtering probably won't be deparsed into
+runnable code, because it will still include the B<use> declaration
+for the source filtering module, even though the code that is
+produced is already ordinary Perl which shouldn't be filtered again.
+
+=item *
+
+Optimised away statements are rendered as '???'. This includes statements that
+have a compile-time side-effect, such as the obscure
+
+    my $x if 0;
+
+which is not, consequently, deparsed correctly.
+
+    foreach my $i (@_) { 0 }
+  =>
+    foreach my $i (@_) { '???' }
+
+=item *
+
+Lexical (my) variables declared in scopes external to a subroutine
+appear in code2ref output text as package variables. This is a tricky
+problem, as perl has no native facility for referring to a lexical variable
+defined within a different scope, although L<PadWalker> is a good start.
+
+=item *
+
+There are probably many more bugs on non-ASCII platforms (EBCDIC).
+
+=back
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Stephen McCamant <smcc@CSUA.Berkeley.EDU>, based on an earlier version
+by Malcolm Beattie <mbeattie@sable.ox.ac.uk>, with contributions from
+Gisle Aas, James Duncan, Albert Dvornik, Robin Houston, Dave Mitchell,
+Hugo van der Sanden, Gurusamy Sarathy, Nick Ing-Simmons, and Rafael
+Garcia-Suarez.
+
+=cut