xtgeo 4.14.0__cp311-cp311-manylinux_2_26_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

xtgeo/grid3d/grid.py

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+"""Module/class for 3D grids (corner point geometry) with XTGeo."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
+
+import numpy as np
+import numpy.ma as ma
+
+import xtgeo
+import xtgeo._internal as _internal  # type: ignore
+from xtgeo import _cxtgeo
+from xtgeo.common import XTGDescription, null_logger
+from xtgeo.common.exceptions import InvalidFileFormatError
+from xtgeo.common.sys import generic_hash
+from xtgeo.common.types import Dimensions
+from xtgeo.io._file import FileFormat, FileWrapper
+from xtgeo.surface.regular_surface import surface_from_grid3d
+
+from . import (
+    _grid3d_fence,
+    _grid_boundary,
+    _grid_etc1,
+    _grid_export,
+    _grid_hybrid,
+    _grid_import,
+    _grid_import_ecl,
+    _grid_refine,
+    _grid_roxapi,
+    _grid_translate_coords,
+    _grid_wellzone,
+    _gridprop_lowlevel,
+)
+from ._grid3d import _Grid3D
+from .grid_properties import GridProperties
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Hashable
+
+    import pandas as pd
+
+    from xtgeo import Polygons, Well
+    from xtgeo._internal.grid3d import Grid as GridCPP  # type: ignore
+    from xtgeo._internal.regsurf import (  # type: ignore
+        RegularSurface as RegularSurfaceCPP,
+    )
+    from xtgeo.common.types import FileLike
+    from xtgeo.xyz.points import Points
+
+    from ._ecl_grid import Units
+    from .grid_property import GridProperty
+    from .types import METRIC
+
+xtg = xtgeo.common.XTGeoDialog()
+logger = null_logger(__name__)
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Comment on "asmasked" vs "activeonly:
+#
+# "asmasked"=True will return a np.ma array, while "asmasked" = False will
+# return a np.ndarray
+#
+# The "activeonly" will filter out masked entries, or use None or np.nan
+# if "activeonly" is False.
+#
+# Use word "zerobased" for a bool regarding if startcell basis is 1 or 0
+#
+# For functions with mask=... ,they should be replaced with asmasked=...
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _estimate_grid_ijk_handedness(coordsv: np.array) -> Literal["left", "right"] | None:
+    """Helper: estimate the ijk handedness from the coordinates.
+
+    Args:
+        coordsv: The coordinates (coordsv) of the grid.
+
+    Returns:
+        "left" or "right" depending on the handedness, or None if cannot determine
+
+    Note:
+        Z array is always assumed positive downwards
+    """
+    p0 = coordsv[0, 0, 0:3]  # origin
+    pz = coordsv[0, 0, 3:6]  # layer direction
+    px = coordsv[-1, 0, 0:3]  # columns direction, aka X
+    py = coordsv[0, -1, 0:3]  # rows direction, aka Y
+
+    # sometimes the pillars are collapsed; assume that the pillars are postive down
+    if pz[2] <= p0[2]:
+        pz[2] = p0[2] + 0.001
+
+    # multiply z by -1 since system is Z positive down
+    p0[2] *= -1
+    pz[2] *= -1
+    px[2] *= -1
+    py[2] *= -1
+
+    vx = np.array(px) - np.array(p0)
+    vy = np.array(py) - np.array(p0)
+    vz = np.array(pz) - np.array(p0)
+    det = np.dot(np.cross(vx, vy), vz)
+
+    if det > 0:
+        return "right"
+
+    if det < 0:
+        return "left"
+
+    return None
+
+
+# METHODS as wrappers to class init + import
+def _handle_import(
+    grid_constructor: Callable[..., Grid],
+    gfile: FileLike | FileWrapper,
+    fformat: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: dict,
+) -> Grid:
+    """Handles the import given a constructor.
+
+    For backwards compatability we need to call different constructors
+    with grid __init__ parameters (As returned by _grid_import.from_file).
+    These are generally either the _reset method of an instance or Grid().
+
+    This function takes such a constructor, remaining arguments are interpreted
+    as they are in _grid_import.from_file and calls the constructor with the
+    resulting arguments.
+
+    """
+    gfile = FileWrapper(gfile, mode="rb")
+    if fformat == "eclipserun":
+        ecl_grid = grid_constructor(
+            **_grid_import.from_file(
+                FileWrapper(gfile.name + ".EGRID", mode="rb"), fformat=FileFormat.EGRID
+            )
+        )
+        _grid_import_ecl.import_ecl_run(gfile.name, ecl_grid=ecl_grid, **kwargs)
+        return ecl_grid
+
+    fmt = gfile.fileformat(fformat)
+    return grid_constructor(**_grid_import.from_file(gfile, fmt, **kwargs))
+
+
+def grid_from_file(
+    gfile: FileLike | FileWrapper,
+    fformat: str | None = None,
+    **kwargs: dict[str, Any],
+) -> Grid:
+    """Read a grid (cornerpoint) from filelike and an returns a Grid() instance.
+
+    Args:
+        gfile: File name to be imported. If fformat="eclipse_run"
+            then a fileroot name shall be input here, see example below.
+        fformat: File format egrid/roff/grdecl/bgrdecl/eclipserun/xtgcpgeom
+            (None is default and means "guess")
+        initprops (str list): Optional, and only applicable for file format
+            "eclipserun". Provide a list the names of the properties here. A
+            special value "all" can be get all properties found in the INIT file
+        restartprops (str list): Optional, see initprops
+        restartdates (int list): Optional, required if restartprops
+        ijkrange (list-like): Optional, only applicable for hdf files, see
+            :meth:`Grid.from_hdf`.
+        zerobased (bool): Optional, only applicable for hdf files, see
+            :meth:`Grid.from_hdf`.
+        mmap (bool): Optional, only applicable for xtgf files, see
+            :meth:`Grid.from_xtgf`.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> import xtgeo
+        >>> mygrid = xtgeo.grid_from_file(reek_dir + "/REEK.EGRID")
+
+    Example using "eclipserun"::
+
+        >>> mycase = "REEK"  # meaning REEK.EGRID, REEK.INIT, REEK.UNRST
+        >>> xg = xtgeo.grid_from_file(
+        ...     reek_dir + "/" + mycase,
+        ...     fformat="eclipserun",
+        ...     initprops="all",
+        ... )
+        Grid ... filesrc='.../REEK.EGRID'
+
+    Raises:
+        OSError: if file is not found etc
+
+    """
+    return _handle_import(Grid, gfile, fformat, **kwargs)
+
+
+def grid_from_roxar(
+    project: str,
+    gname: str,
+    realisation: int = 0,
+    info: bool = False,
+) -> Grid:
+    """Read a 3D grid inside a RMS project and return a Grid() instance.
+
+    Args:
+        project (str or special): The RMS project or the project variable
+            from inside RMS.
+        gname (str): Name of Grid Model in RMS.
+        realisation (int): Realisation number.
+        dimensions_only (bool): If True, only the ncol, nrow, nlay will
+            read. The actual grid geometry will remain empty (None). This will
+            be much faster of only grid size info is needed, e.g.
+            for initalising a grid property.
+        info (bool): If true, only grid info
+
+    Example::
+
+        # inside RMS
+        import xtgeo
+        mygrid = xtgeo.grid_from_roxar(project, "REEK_SIM")
+
+    """
+    return Grid(**_grid_roxapi.load_grid_from_rms(project, gname, realisation, info))
+
+
+def create_box_grid(
+    dimension: Dimensions,
+    origin: tuple[float, float, float] = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+    oricenter: bool = False,
+    increment: tuple[float, float, float] = (1.0, 1.0, 1.0),
+    rotation: float = 0.0,
+    flip: Literal[1, -1] = 1,
+) -> Grid:
+    """Create a rectangular 'shoebox' grid from spec.
+
+    Args:
+        dimension (NamedTuple of int): A tuple of (NCOL, NROW, NLAY)
+        origin (tuple of float): Startpoint of grid (x, y, z)
+        oricenter (bool): If False, startpoint is node, if True, use cell center
+        increment (tuple of float): Grid increments (xinc, yinc, zinc)
+        rotation (float): Rotation in degrees, anticlock from X axis.
+        flip (int): If +1, grid origin is lower left and left-handed;
+                    if -1, origin is upper left and right-handed (row flip).
+
+    Returns:
+        Instance is updated (previous instance content will be erased)
+
+    .. versionadded:: 2.1
+    """
+    kwargs = _grid_etc1.create_box(
+        dimension=dimension,
+        origin=origin,
+        oricenter=oricenter,
+        increment=increment,
+        rotation=rotation,
+        flip=flip,
+    )
+
+    return Grid(**kwargs)
+
+
+def grid_from_cube(
+    cube: xtgeo.Cube,
+    propname: str | None = "seismics",
+    oricenter: bool = True,
+) -> Grid:
+    """Create a rectangular 'shoebox' grid from an existing cube.
+
+    The cube values itself will then be stored with name given by ``propname`` key.
+
+    Since the cube actually is node centered, while grids are cell oriented,
+    the geometries here are shifted half an increment as default. To avoid this, use
+    oricenter=False.
+
+    Args:
+        cube: The xtgeo Cube instance
+        propname: Name of seismic property, if None then only the grid geometry
+            will be made
+        oricenter: Default is True, to treat seismic nodes as cell center values in
+            a grid.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 3.4
+    """
+
+    grd = create_box_grid(
+        cube.dimensions,
+        (cube.xori, cube.yori, cube.zori),
+        oricenter=oricenter,
+        increment=(cube.xinc, cube.yinc, cube.zinc),
+        rotation=cube.rotation,
+        flip=cube.yflip,
+    )
+    if propname is not None:
+        grd.props = [
+            xtgeo.GridProperty(
+                ncol=cube.ncol,
+                nrow=cube.nrow,
+                nlay=cube.nlay,
+                values=cube.values.copy(),
+                name=propname,
+            )
+        ]
+    return grd
+
+
+def grid_from_surfaces(
+    surfaces: xtgeo.Surfaces,
+    ij_dimension: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+    ij_origin: tuple[float, float] | None = None,
+    ij_increment: tuple[float, float] | None = None,
+    rotation: float | None = None,
+    tolerance: float | None = None,
+) -> Grid:
+    """Create a simple grid (non-faulted) from a stack of surfaces.
+
+    The surfaces shall be sorted from top to base, and they should not cross in depth.
+    In addition, it is required that they have the same settings (origin, rotation,
+    etc).
+
+    Args:
+        surfaces: The Surfaces instance
+        ij_dimension: The dimensions of the grid (ncol, nrow), default is to use the
+            dimension from the surfaces
+        ij_origin: The origin of the grid (x, y)
+        ij_increment: The increment of the grid (xinc, yinc), default is to use the
+            increment from the surfaces
+        rotation: The rotation of the grid in degrees, default is to use the rotation
+            from the surfaces
+        tolerance: The tolerance for sampling the surfaces. In particualar if the grid
+            origin, resolution and rotation are exactly the same as the surfaces,
+            the grid may not be able to sample the surfaces exactly at edges.
+            Lowering the tolerance may be used to avoid this. Default is 1e-6.
+
+    Example::
+
+        import xtgeo
+        surf1 = xtgeo.surface_from_file("top.surf")
+        surf2 = xtgeo.surface_from_file("base.surf")
+        surfaces = xtgeo.Surfaces([surf1, surf2])
+
+        grid = xtgeo.grid_from_surfaces(surfaces, ij_dimension=(20,30),
+                                        ij_increment=(50, 50), rotation=10)
+
+    """
+
+    tolerance = tolerance if tolerance else 1e-6
+
+    return _grid_etc1.create_grid_from_surfaces(
+        surfaces, ij_dimension, ij_origin, ij_increment, rotation, tolerance
+    )
+
+
+class _GridCache:
+    """Internal class for caching data related to grid.
+
+    For example special grid, maps that are applied to speed up certain operations.
+
+    The "onegrid" is a 3D grid with only one layer, utilizing that a corner point grid
+    has straight pillars. The "top" and "base" surfaces are the top and base of the
+    onelayer grid, and extracting indices may be useful for some operations.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, grid: Grid) -> None:
+        logger.debug("Initialize cache for grid %s", grid.name)
+        self.onegrid: Grid | None = None
+        self.bbox: tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float] | None = None
+        self.top_depth: xtgeo.RegularSurface | None = None
+        self.base_depth: xtgeo.RegularSurface | None = None
+        self.top_i_index: xtgeo.RegularSurface | None = None
+        self.top_j_index: xtgeo.RegularSurface | None = None
+        self.base_i_index: xtgeo.RegularSurface | None = None
+        self.base_j_index: xtgeo.RegularSurface | None = None
+        logger.debug("Initialize cache for grid .. %s", grid.name)
+
+        self.threshold_magic_1: float = 0.1  # used in a C++ algorithm
+
+        # cpp (pybind11) objects
+        self.onegrid_cpp: GridCPP | None = None
+        self.top_depth_cpp: RegularSurfaceCPP | None = None
+        self.base_depth_cpp: RegularSurfaceCPP | None = None
+        self.top_i_index_cpp: RegularSurfaceCPP | None = None
+        self.top_j_index_cpp: RegularSurfaceCPP | None = None
+        self.base_i_index_cpp: RegularSurfaceCPP | None = None
+        self.base_j_index_cpp: RegularSurfaceCPP | None = None
+        logger.debug("Initialize cache for grid .... %s", grid.name)
+
+        # these are special SWIG arrays kept until necessary SWIG methods are replaced
+        # with pypind 11 / C++
+        self.top_i_index_carr: Any | None = None
+        self.top_j_index_carr: Any | None = None
+        self.base_i_index_carr: Any | None = None
+        self.base_j_index_carr: Any | None = None
+
+        self.name: str = grid.name
+        self.hash = hash(grid)  # to remember the grid
+        logger.debug("Initialize cache for grid ...... %s", grid.name)
+        # initialize the cache with a one layer grid and surfaces
+        self._initialize(grid)
+        logger.debug("Initialized cache for grid %s, DONE", grid.name)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_swig_carr_double(surface: xtgeo.RegularSurface) -> Any:
+        carr = _cxtgeo.new_doublearray(surface.ncol * surface.nrow)
+        _cxtgeo.swig_numpy_to_carr_1d(surface.get_values1d(), carr)
+        return carr
+
+    def _initialize(self, grid: Grid) -> None:
+        """Initialize the cache with a one layer grid and surfaces."""
+        grid._set_xtgformat2()  # ensure xtgformat 2
+        grid_cpp = grid._get_grid_cpp()
+
+        dz = grid.get_dz()
+        self.threshold_magic_1 = dz.values.mean()  # cf. get_indices_from_pointset
+
+        logger.debug("Extracting one layer grid from %s", grid.name)
+        coordsv1, zcornsv1, actnumsv1 = grid_cpp.extract_onelayer_grid()
+
+        one = self.onegrid = Grid(
+            coordsv=coordsv1,
+            zcornsv=zcornsv1,
+            actnumsv=actnumsv1,
+        )
+
+        logger.debug("Created one layer grid in python from %s", grid.name)
+
+        minv, maxv = one._get_grid_cpp().get_bounding_box()
+        self.bbox = (minv.x, minv.y, minv.z, maxv.x, maxv.y, maxv.z)
+
+        self.top_depth = surface_from_grid3d(
+            one, where="top", property="depth", rfactor=4, index_position="top"
+        )
+        self.base_depth = surface_from_grid3d(
+            one, where="base", property="depth", rfactor=4, index_position="base"
+        )
+        self.top_i_index = surface_from_grid3d(
+            one, where="top", property="i", rfactor=4, index_position="top"
+        )
+        self.top_j_index = surface_from_grid3d(
+            one, where="top", property="j", rfactor=4, index_position="top"
+        )
+        self.base_i_index = surface_from_grid3d(
+            one, where="base", property="i", rfactor=4, index_position="base"
+        )
+        self.base_j_index = surface_from_grid3d(
+            one, where="base", property="j", rfactor=4, index_position="base"
+        )
+
+        # need to fill (interpolate) eventual holes in maps
+        self.top_depth.fill()
+        self.base_depth.fill()
+        self.top_i_index.fill()
+        self.top_j_index.fill()
+        self.base_i_index.fill()
+        self.base_j_index.fill()
+
+        self.onegrid_cpp = one._get_grid_cpp()
+        self.top_depth_cpp = _internal.regsurf.RegularSurface(self.top_depth)
+        self.base_depth_cpp = _internal.regsurf.RegularSurface(self.base_depth)
+        self.top_i_index_cpp = _internal.regsurf.RegularSurface(self.top_i_index)
+        self.top_j_index_cpp = _internal.regsurf.RegularSurface(self.top_j_index)
+        self.base_i_index_cpp = _internal.regsurf.RegularSurface(self.base_i_index)
+        self.base_j_index_cpp = _internal.regsurf.RegularSurface(self.base_j_index)
+
+        # these are special SWIG array objects kept until necessary SWIG
+        # methods are replaced
+        self.top_i_index_carr = self._get_swig_carr_double(self.top_i_index)
+        self.top_j_index_carr = self._get_swig_carr_double(self.top_j_index)
+        self.base_i_index_carr = self._get_swig_carr_double(self.base_i_index)
+        self.base_j_index_carr = self._get_swig_carr_double(self.base_j_index)
+
+        logger.info("Initialized cache for grid %s", grid.name)
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the cache."""
+        self.threshold_magic_1 = 0.1
+        self.onegrid = None
+        self.bbox = None
+        self.top_depth = None
+        self.base_depth = None
+        self.top_i_index = None
+        self.top_j_index = None
+        self.base_i_index = None
+        self.base_j_index = None
+
+        self.onegrid_cpp = None
+        self.top_depth_cpp = None
+        self.base_depth_cpp = None
+        self.top_i_index_cpp = None
+        self.top_j_index_cpp = None
+        self.base_i_index_cpp = None
+        self.base_j_index_cpp = None
+
+        self.top_i_index_carr = None
+        self.top_j_index_carr = None
+        self.base_i_index_carr = None
+        self.base_j_index_carr = None
+
+        logger.info("Clear cache for grid %s", self.name)
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Comment on dual porosity grids:
+#
+# Simulation grids may hold a "dual poro" or/and a "dual perm" system. This is
+# supported here for EGRID format (only, so far), which:
+# * Index 5 in FILEHEAD will be 1 if dual poro is True
+# * Index 5 in FILEHEAD will be 2 if dual poro AND dual perm is True
+# * ACTNUM values will be: 0, 1, 2 (inactive) or 3 (active) instead of normal
+#   0 / 1 in the file:
+# * 0 both Fracture and Matrix are inactive
+# * 1 Matrix is active, Fracture is inactive (set to zero)
+# * 2 Matrix is inactive (set to zero), Fracture is active
+# * 3 Both Fracture and Matrix are active
+#
+#   However, XTGeo will convert this 0..3 scheme back to 0..1 scheme for ACTNUM!
+#   In case of dualporo/perm, a special property holding the initial actnum
+#   will be made, which is self._dualactnum
+#
+# The property self._dualporo is True in case of Dual Porosity
+# BOTH self._dualperm AND self._dualporo are True in case of Dual Permeability
+#
+# All properties in a dual p* system will be given a postfix "M" of "F", e.g.
+# PORO -->  POROM and POROF
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+IJKRange: tuple[int, int, int, int, int, int]
+
+
+class Grid(_Grid3D):
+    """Class for a 3D grid corner point geometry in XTGeo.
+
+    I.e. the geometric grid cells and the active cell indicator.
+
+    The grid geometry class instances are normally created when
+    importing a grid from file, as it is normally too complex to create from
+    scratch.
+
+    Args:
+        coordsv: numpy array of dtype float64 and dimensions (nx + 1, ny + 1, 6)
+            Giving the x,y,z values of the upper and lower corners in the grid.
+        zcornsv: numpy array of dtype float32 and dimensions (nx + 1, ny + 1, nz + 1, 4)
+            giving the sw, se, nw, ne corners along the i,jth corner line for
+            the kth layer.
+        actnumsv: numpy array of dtype int32 and dimensions (nx, ny, nz) giving
+            the activity number for each cell. 0 means inactive, 1 means
+            active. For dualporo=True/dualperm=True grids, value can also be 2
+            or 3 meaning rock volume only and pore volume only respectively.
+        dualporo (bool): True if dual porosity grid.
+        dualperm (bool): True if dual permeability grid.
+        subgrids: dictionary giving names to subset of layers. Has name as key and
+            list of layer indices as values. Defaults to no names given.
+        units: The length units the coordinates are in,
+            (either Units.CM, Units.METRES, Units.FEET for cm, metres and
+            feet respectively).  Default (None) is unitless.
+        filesrc: Optional filename of grid.
+        props: GridProperties instance containing the properties of the grid, defaults
+            to empty instance.
+        name: Optional name of the grid.
+        roxgrid: Roxar Grid the Grid originates from if any, defaults to no such grid.
+        roxindexer: Roxar grid indexer for the roxgrid. Defaults to no such indexer.
+
+    See Also:
+        The :class:`.GridProperty` and the :class:`.GridProperties` classes.
+
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        coordsv: np.ndarray,
+        zcornsv: np.ndarray,
+        actnumsv: np.ndarray,
+        dualporo: bool = False,
+        dualperm: bool = False,
+        subgrids: dict | None = None,
+        units: Units | None = None,
+        filesrc: pathlib.Path | str | None = None,
+        props: GridProperties | None = None,
+        name: str | None = None,
+        roxgrid: Any | None = None,
+        roxindexer: Any | None = None,
+    ):
+        logger.debug("Initialize Grid...")
+        coordsv = np.asarray(coordsv)
+        zcornsv = np.asarray(zcornsv)
+        actnumsv = np.asarray(actnumsv)
+        if coordsv.dtype != np.float64:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"The dtype of the coordsv array must be float64, got {coordsv.dtype}"
+            )
+        if zcornsv.dtype != np.float32:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"The dtype of the zcornsv array must be float32, got {zcornsv.dtype}"
+            )
+        if actnumsv.dtype != np.int32:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"The dtype of the actnumsv array must be int32, got {actnumsv.dtype}"
+            )
+        if len(coordsv.shape) != 3 or coordsv.shape[2] != 6:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"shape of coordsv should be (nx+1,ny+1,6), got {coordsv.shape}"
+            )
+        if len(zcornsv.shape) != 4 or zcornsv.shape[3] != 4:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"shape of zcornsv should be (nx+1,ny+1,nz+1, 4), got {zcornsv.shape}"
+            )
+        if zcornsv.shape[0:2] != coordsv.shape[0:2]:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Mismatch between zcornsv and coordsv shape: {zcornsv.shape}"
+                f" vs {coordsv.shape}"
+            )
+        if np.any(np.asarray(zcornsv.shape[0:3]) != np.asarray(actnumsv.shape) + 1):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Mismatch between zcornsv and actnumsv shape: {zcornsv.shape}"
+                f" vs {actnumsv.shape}"
+            )
+
+        super().__init__(*actnumsv.shape)
+
+        self._xtgformat = 2
+        self._ncol = actnumsv.shape[0]
+        self._nrow = actnumsv.shape[1]
+        self._nlay = actnumsv.shape[2]
+
+        self._coordsv = coordsv
+        self._zcornsv = zcornsv
+        self._actnumsv = actnumsv
+        self._dualporo = dualporo
+        self._dualperm = dualperm
+
+        # this is a reference to the Grid object in C++. Never access this directly,
+        # but use self._get_grid_cpp() function which validates against hash
+        self._grid_cpp = _internal.grid3d.Grid(self)
+        logger.debug("Initialize Grid... grid_cpp initialized")
+
+        self._filesrc = filesrc
+
+        self._props: GridProperties | None = (
+            GridProperties(props=[]) if props is None else props
+        )
+
+        self._name = name
+        self._subgrids = subgrids
+        self._ijk_handedness: Literal["left", "right"] | None = None
+        logger.debug("Initialize Grid... subgrids initialized")
+
+        self._dualactnum = None
+        if dualporo:
+            self._dualactnum = self.get_actnum(name="DUALACTNUM")
+            acttmp = self._dualactnum.copy()
+            acttmp.values[acttmp.values >= 1] = 1
+            self.set_actnum(acttmp)
+
+        self._metadata = xtgeo.MetaDataCPGeometry()
+        self._metadata.required = self
+        logger.debug("Initialize Grid... metadata initialized")
+
+        # Roxar api spesific:
+        self._roxgrid = roxgrid
+        self._roxindexer = roxindexer
+        logger.debug("Initialize Grid... roxar api initialized (if required)")
+
+        self.units = units
+
+        self._ijk_handedness = _estimate_grid_ijk_handedness(coordsv.copy())
+        logger.debug(
+            "Initialize Grid... ijk_handedness set to %s", self._ijk_handedness
+        )
+
+        self._hash = hash(self)
+
+        self._tmp = {}  # TMP!
+        self._cache: _GridCache | None = None
+        logger.debug("Initialize Grid... DONE!")
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        """The __repr__ method."""
+        logger.info("Invoke __repr__ for grid")
+        return (
+            f"{self.__class__.__name__} (id={id(self)}) ncol={self._ncol!r}, "
+            f"nrow={self._nrow!r}, nlay={self._nlay!r}, filesrc={self._filesrc!r}"
+        )
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        """The __str__ method for user friendly print."""
+        logger.debug("Invoke __str__ for grid", stack_info=True)
+
+        return self.describe(flush=False) or ""
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        """The __hash__ method, i.e hash(self)."""
+
+        return hash(self.generate_hash())
+
+    # ==================================================================================
+    # Public Properties:
+    # ==================================================================================
+
+    @property
+    def metadata(self) -> xtgeo.MetaDataCPGeometry:
+        """obj: Return or set metadata instance of type MetaDataCPGeometry."""
+        return self._metadata
+
+    @metadata.setter
+    def metadata(self, obj: xtgeo.MetaDataCPGeometry) -> None:
+        # The current metadata object can be replaced. A bit dangerous so further
+        # check must be done to validate. TODO.
+        if not isinstance(obj, xtgeo.MetaDataCPGeometry):
+            raise ValueError("Input obj not an instance of MetaDataCPGeometry")
+
+        self._metadata = obj  # checking is currently missing! TODO
+
+    @property
+    def filesrc(self) -> str | pathlib.Path | None:
+        """str: Source for grid (filepath or name in RMS)."""
+        return self._filesrc
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str | None:
+        """str: Name attribute of grid."""
+        return self._name
+
+    @name.setter
+    def name(self, name: str) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise ValueError("Input name is not a text string")
+        self._name = name
+
+    @property
+    def dimensions(self) -> Dimensions:
+        """Dimensions NamedTuple: The grid dimensions (read only)."""
+        return Dimensions(self.ncol, self.nrow, self.nlay)
+
+    @property
+    def vectordimensions(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """3-tuple: The storage grid array dimensions tuple of 3 integers (read only).
+
+        The tuple is (ncoord, nzcorn, nactnum).
+        """
+        ncoord = (self.ncol + 1) * (self.nrow + 1) * 2 * 3
+        nzcorn = self.ncol * self.nrow * (self.nlay + 1) * 4
+        ntot = self.ncol * self.nrow * self.nlay
+
+        return (ncoord, nzcorn, ntot)
+
+    @property
+    def ijk_handedness(self) -> Literal["left", "right"] | None:
+        """str: IJK handedness for grids, "right" or "left".
+
+        For a non-rotated grid with K increasing with depth, 'left' is corner in
+        lower-left, while 'right' is origin in upper-left corner.
+
+        """
+        return self._ijk_handedness
+
+    @ijk_handedness.setter
+    def ijk_handedness(self, value: Literal["left", "right"]) -> None:
+        if value not in ("right", "left"):
+            raise ValueError("The value must be 'right' or 'left'")
+        self.reverse_row_axis(ijk_handedness=value)
+
+    @property
+    def subgrids(self) -> dict[str, range | list[int]] | None:
+        """:obj:`list` of :obj:`int`: A dict with subgrid name and an array as value.
+
+        I.e. a dict on the form ``{"name1": [1, 2, 3, 4], "name2": [5, 6, 7],
+        "name3": [8, 9, 10]}``, here meaning 3 subgrids where upper is 4
+        cells vertically, then 3, then 3. The numbers must sum to NLAY.
+
+        The numbering in the arrays are 1 based; meaning uppermost layer is 1
+        (not 0).
+
+        None will be returned if no subgrid indexing is present.
+
+        See also :meth:`set_subgrids()` and :meth:`get_subgrids()` which
+        have a similar function, but differs a bit.
+
+        Note that this design is a bit different from the Roxar API, where
+        repeated sections are allowed, and where indices start from 0,
+        not one.
+        """
+        return None if self._subgrids is None else self._subgrids
+
+    @subgrids.setter
+    def subgrids(
+        self,
+        sgrids: dict[str, range | list[int]] | None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if sgrids is None:
+            self._subgrids = None
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(sgrids, dict):
+            raise ValueError("Input to subgrids must be an ordered dictionary")
+
+        lengths = 0
+        zarr: list[Hashable] = []
+        keys: list[Hashable] = []
+
+        for key, val in sgrids.items():
+            lengths += len(val)
+            keys.append(key)
+            zarr.extend(val)
+
+        if lengths != self._nlay:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Subgrids lengths <{lengths}> not equal NLAY <{self.nlay}>"
+            )
+
+        if set(zarr) != set(range(1, self._nlay + 1)):
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Arrays are not valid as the do not sum to vertical range, {zarr}"
+            )
+
+        if len(keys) != len(set(keys)):
+            raise ValueError(f"Subgrid keys are not unique: {keys}")
+
+        self._subgrids = sgrids
+
+    @property
+    def nactive(self) -> int:
+        """int: Returns the number of active cells (read only)."""
+        return len(self.actnum_indices)
+
+    @property
+    def actnum_array(self) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Returns the 3D ndarray which for active cells.
+
+        Values are 1 for active, 0 for inactive, in C order (read only).
+
+        """
+        actnumv = self.get_actnum().values
+        return ma.filled(actnumv, fill_value=0)
+
+    @property
+    def actnum_indices(self) -> np.ndarray:
+        """:obj:np.ndrarray: Indices (1D array) for active cells (read only).
+
+        In dual poro/perm systems, this will be the active indices for the
+        matrix cells and/or fracture cells (i.e. actnum >= 1).
+        """
+        actnumv = self.get_actnum()
+        actnumv = np.ravel(actnumv.values)
+        return np.flatnonzero(actnumv)
+
+    @property
+    def ntotal(self) -> int:
+        """Returns the total number of cells (read only)."""
+        return self.ncol * self.nrow * self.nlay
+
+    @property
+    def dualporo(self) -> bool:
+        """Boolean flag for dual porosity scheme (read only)."""
+        return self._dualporo
+
+    @property
+    def dualperm(self) -> bool:
+        """Boolean flag for dual porosity scheme (read only)."""
+        return self._dualperm
+
+    @property
+    def gridprops(self) -> GridProperties:
+        """Return or set a XTGeo GridProperties objects attached to the Grid."""
+        # Note, internally, the _props is a GridProperties instance, which is
+        # a class that holds a list of properties.
+        # Note that the `props` methods below will deal with properties in a
+        # list context
+
+        return self._props
+
+    @gridprops.setter
+    def gridprops(self, gprops: GridProperties) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(gprops, GridProperties):
+            raise ValueError("Input must be a GridProperties instance")
+
+        self._props = gprops  # self._props is a GridProperties instance
+
+    @property
+    def props(self) -> list[GridProperty] | None:
+        """Return or set a list of XTGeo GridProperty objects.
+
+        When setting, the dimension of the property object is checked,
+        and will raise an IndexError if it does not match the grid.
+
+        When setting props, the current property list is replaced.
+
+        See also :meth:`append_prop()` method to add a property to the current list.
+
+        """
+        # Note, internally, the _props is a GridProperties instance, which is
+        # a class that holds a list of properties.
+
+        if isinstance(self._props, GridProperties):
+            return self._props.props
+        if isinstance(self._props, list):
+            raise RuntimeError("self._props is a list, not a GridProperties instance")
+        return None
+
+    @props.setter
+    def props(self, plist: list[GridProperty]) -> None:
+        if not isinstance(plist, list):
+            raise ValueError("Input to props must be a list")
+
+        for gridprop in plist:
+            if gridprop.dimensions != self.dimensions:
+                raise IndexError(
+                    f"Property NX NY NZ <{gridprop.name}> does not match grid!"
+                )
+
+        self._props.props = plist  # self._props is a GridProperties instance
+
+    @property
+    def propnames(self) -> list[str] | None:
+        """Returns a list of property names that are hooked to a grid."""
+        return None if self._props is None else self._props.names
+
+    @property
+    def roxgrid(self) -> Any | None:
+        """Get the Roxar native proj.grid_models[gname].get_grid() object."""
+        return self._roxgrid
+
+    @property
+    def roxindexer(self) -> Any | None:
+        """The Roxar native proj.grid_models[gname].get_grid().grid_indexer object."""
+        return self._roxindexer
+
+    # ==================================================================================
+    # Private, special
+    # TODO: do a threading lock of the cache
+    # ==================================================================================
+
+    def _get_grid_cpp(self) -> GridCPP:
+        """Get the C++ grid object, creating or updating if needed."""
+        grid_cpp = getattr(self, "_grid_cpp", None)
+        current_hash = hash(self)
+        if grid_cpp is not None and self._hash == current_hash:
+            logger.info("Cache for python Grid is valid, returning current")
+            return grid_cpp
+
+        # update reference to C++ Grid object if hash has changed
+        self._grid_cpp = _internal.grid3d.Grid(self)
+        self._hash = current_hash
+        return self._grid_cpp
+
+    def _get_cache(self) -> _GridCache:
+        """Get the grid cache object, creating or updating if needed."""
+        cache = getattr(self, "_cache", None)
+        current_hash = hash(self)
+        if cache is not None:
+            if cache.hash == current_hash:
+                logger.info("Cache for python Grid is valid, returning current")
+                return cache
+            logger.info(
+                "Python Grid has changed, current cache is invalid, creating new"
+            )
+            cache.clear()
+        self._cache = _GridCache(self)
+        return self._cache
+
+    def _clear_cache(self) -> None:
+        """Clear the grid cache object."""
+        cache = getattr(self, "_cache", None)
+        if cache is not None:
+            cache.clear()
+            self._cache = None
+            logger.debug("Cache cleared")
+        else:
+            logger.debug("No cache to clear")
+
+    # ==================================================================================
+    # Other
+    # ==================================================================================
+    def generate_hash(
+        self,
+        hashmethod: Literal["md5", "sha256", "blake2b"] = "md5",
+    ) -> str:
+        """Return a unique hash ID for current instance (for persistance).
+
+        See :meth:`~xtgeo.common.sys.generic_hash()` for documentation.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.14
+        """
+        self._set_xtgformat2()  # ensure xtgformat 2!
+
+        required = (
+            "_ncol",
+            "_nrow",
+            "_nlay",
+            "_coordsv",
+            "_zcornsv",
+            "_actnumsv",
+        )
+
+        gid = "".join(str(getattr(self, att)) for att in required)
+
+        return generic_hash(gid, hashmethod=hashmethod)
+
+    # ==================================================================================
+    # Create/import/export
+    # ==================================================================================
+
+    def to_file(
+        self, gfile: FileLike, fformat: str = "roff", rle: bool = False
+    ) -> None:
+        """Export grid geometry to file, various vendor formats.
+
+        Args:
+            gfile (str): Name of output file
+            fformat (str): File format; roff/roff_binary/roff_ascii/
+                grdecl/bgrdecl/egrid.
+            rle (bool): Use run-length encoding (only for grdecl file)
+
+        Raises:
+            OSError: Directory does not exist
+
+        Example::
+            >>> grid = create_box_grid((2,2,2))
+            >>> grid.to_file(outdir + "/myfile.roff")
+        """
+        _gfile = FileWrapper(gfile, mode="wb")
+
+        _gfile.check_folder(raiseerror=OSError)
+
+        if fformat in FileFormat.ROFF_BINARY.value:
+            _grid_export.export_roff(self, _gfile.name, "binary")
+        elif fformat in FileFormat.ROFF_ASCII.value:
+            _grid_export.export_roff(self, _gfile.name, "ascii")
+        elif fformat in FileFormat.GRDECL.value:
+            _grid_export.export_grdecl(self, _gfile.name, 1, rle)
+        elif fformat in FileFormat.BGRDECL.value:
+            _grid_export.export_grdecl(self, _gfile.name, 0)
+        elif fformat in FileFormat.EGRID.value:
+            _grid_export.export_egrid(self, _gfile.name)
+        elif fformat in FileFormat.FEGRID.value:
+            _grid_export.export_fegrid(self, _gfile.name)
+        elif fformat in FileFormat.HDF.value:
+            self.to_hdf(gfile)
+        elif fformat in FileFormat.XTG.value:
+            self.to_xtgf(gfile)
+        else:
+            extensions = FileFormat.extensions_string(
+                [
+                    FileFormat.ROFF_BINARY,
+                    FileFormat.ROFF_ASCII,
+                    FileFormat.EGRID,
+                    FileFormat.FEGRID,
+                    FileFormat.GRDECL,
+                    FileFormat.BGRDECL,
+                    FileFormat.XTG,
+                    FileFormat.HDF,
+                ]
+            )
+            raise InvalidFileFormatError(
+                f"File format {fformat} is invalid for type Grid. "
+                f"Supported formats are {extensions}."
+            )
+
+    def to_hdf(
+        self,
+        gfile: str | pathlib.Path,
+        compression: str | None = None,
+        chunks: bool | None = False,
+        subformat: int | None = 844,
+    ) -> FileLike:
+        """Export grid geometry to HDF5 storage format (experimental!).
+
+        Args:
+            gfile: Name of output file
+            compression: Compression method, such as "blosc" or "lzf"
+            chunks: chunks settings
+            subformat: Format of output arrays in terms of bytes. E.g. 844 means
+                8 byte for COORD, 4 byte for ZCORNS, 4 byte for ACTNUM.
+
+        Raises:
+            OSError: Directory does not exist
+
+        Returns:
+            Used file object, or None if memory stream
+
+        Example:
+
+            >>> grid = create_box_grid((2,2,2))
+            >>> filename = grid.to_hdf(outdir + "/myfile_grid.h5")
+        """
+        _gfile = FileWrapper(gfile, mode="wb", obj=self)
+        _gfile.check_folder(raiseerror=OSError)
+
+        _grid_export.export_hdf5_cpgeom(
+            self, _gfile, compression=compression, chunks=chunks, subformat=subformat
+        )
+
+        return _gfile.file
+
+    def to_xtgf(
+        self,
+        gfile: str | pathlib.Path,
+        subformat: int | None = 844,
+    ) -> pathlib.Path:
+        """Export grid geometry to xtgeo native binary file format (experimental!).
+
+        Args:
+            gfile: Name of output file
+            subformat: Format of output arryas in terms of bytes. E.g. 844 means
+                8 byte for COORD, 4 byte for ZCORNS, 4 byte for ACTNUM.
+
+        Raises:
+            OSError: Directory does not exist
+
+        Returns:
+            gfile (pathlib.Path): Used pathlib.Path file object, or None if
+                memory stream
+
+        Example::
+            >>> grid = create_box_grid((2,2,2))
+            >>> filename = grid.to_xtgf(outdir + "/myfile.xtg")
+        """
+        _gfile = FileWrapper(gfile, mode="wb", obj=self)
+        _gfile.check_folder(raiseerror=OSError)
+
+        _grid_export.export_xtgcpgeom(self, _gfile, subformat=subformat)
+
+        return _gfile.file
+
+    def to_roxar(
+        self,
+        project: str,
+        gname: str,
+        realisation: int = 0,
+        info: bool = False,
+        method: Literal["cpg", "roff"] = "cpg",
+    ) -> None:
+        """Export (upload) a grid from XTGeo to RMS via Roxar API.
+
+        Note:
+            When project is file path (direct access, outside RMS) then
+            ``to_roxar()`` will implicitly do a project save. Otherwise, the project
+            will not be saved until the user do an explicit project save action.
+
+        Args:
+            project (str or roxar._project): Inside RMS use the magic 'project',
+                else use path to RMS project, or a project reference
+            gname (str): Name of grid in RMS
+            realisation (int): Realisation umber, default 0
+            info (bool): TBD
+            method (str): Save approach, the default is 'cpg' which applied the internal
+                RMS API, while 'roff' will do a save to a temporary area, and then load
+                into RMS. For strange reasons, the 'roff' method is per RMS version
+                14.2 a faster method (strange since file i/o is way more costly than
+                direct API access, in theory).
+
+        Note:
+            When storing grids that needs manipulation of inactive cells, .e.g.
+            ``activate_all()`` method, using method='roff' is recommended. The reason
+            is that saving cells using 'cpg' method will force zero depth values on
+            inactive cells.
+
+        """
+        _grid_roxapi.save_grid_to_rms(
+            self, project, gname, realisation, info=info, method=method
+        )
+
+    def convert_units(self, units: Units) -> None:
+        """
+        Convert the units of the grid.
+        Args:
+            units: The unit to convert to.
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: When the grid is unitless (no initial
+                unit information available).
+        """
+        if self.units is None:
+            raise ValueError("convert_units called on unitless grid.")
+        if self.units == units:
+            return
+        factor = self.units.conversion_factor(units)
+        self._coordsv *= factor
+        self._zcornsv *= factor
+        self.units = units
+
+    # ==================================================================================
+    # Various public methods
+    # ==================================================================================
+
+    def copy(self) -> Grid:
+        """Copy from one existing Grid instance to a new unique instance.
+
+        Note that associated properties will also be copied.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> grd = create_box_grid((5,5,5))
+            >>> newgrd = grd.copy()
+        """
+        logger.info("Copy a Grid instance")
+        return _grid_etc1.copy(self)
+
+    def describe(
+        self,
+        details: bool = False,
+        flush: bool = True,
+    ) -> str | None:
+        """Describe an instance by printing to stdout."""
+        logger.info("Print a description...")
+
+        dsc = XTGDescription()
+        dsc.title("Description of Grid instance")
+        dsc.txt("Object ID", id(self))
+        dsc.txt("File source", self._filesrc)
+        dsc.txt("Shape: NCOL, NROW, NLAY", self.ncol, self.nrow, self.nlay)
+        dsc.txt("Number of active cells", self.nactive)
+
+        if details:
+            geom = self.get_geometrics(cellcenter=True, return_dict=True)
+
+            assert isinstance(geom, dict)
+
+            prp1: list[str] = []
+            for prp in ("xmin", "xmax", "ymin", "ymax", "zmin", "zmax"):
+                prp1.append(f"{geom[prp]:10.3f}")
+
+            prp2: list[str] = []
+            for prp in ("avg_dx", "avg_dy", "avg_dz", "avg_rotation"):
+                prp2.append(f"{geom[prp]:7.4f}")
+
+            geox = self.get_geometrics(
+                cellcenter=False, allcells=True, return_dict=True
+            )
+            assert isinstance(geox, dict)
+            prp3: list[str] = []
+            for prp in ("xmin", "xmax", "ymin", "ymax", "zmin", "zmax"):
+                prp3.append(f"{geox[prp]:10.3f}")
+
+            prp4 = []
+            for prp in ("avg_dx", "avg_dy", "avg_dz", "avg_rotation"):
+                prp4.append(f"{geox[prp]:7.4f}")
+
+            dsc.txt("For active cells, using cell centers:")
+            dsc.txt("Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax, Zmin, Zmax:", *prp1)
+            dsc.txt("Avg DX, Avg DY, Avg DZ, Avg rotation:", *prp2)
+            dsc.txt("For all cells, using cell corners:")
+            dsc.txt("Xmin, Xmax, Ymin, Ymax, Zmin, Zmax:", *prp3)
+            dsc.txt("Avg DX, Avg DY, Avg DZ, Avg rotation:", *prp4)
+
+        dsc.txt("Attached grid props objects (names)", self.propnames)
+
+        if details:
+            dsc.txt("Attached grid props objects (id)", self.props)
+        if self.subgrids:
+            dsc.txt("Number of subgrids", len(list(self.subgrids.keys())))
+        else:
+            dsc.txt("Number of subgrids", "No subgrids")
+        if details:
+            dsc.txt("Subgrids details", json.dumps(self.get_subgrids()))
+            dsc.txt("Subgrids with values array", self.subgrids)
+
+        if flush:
+            dsc.flush()
+            return None
+
+        return dsc.astext()
+
+    def get_bounding_box(self) -> tuple[float, float, float, float, float, float]:
+        """Get the bounding box of the grid.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple with the bounding box coordinates (xmin, ymin, zmin, xmax, ymax,
+            zmax).
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> grd = xtgeo.grid_from_file(reek_dir + "/REEK.EGRID", fformat="egrid")
+            >>> bb = grd.get_bounding_box()
+
+        _versionadded:: 4.9
+        """
+        min_pt, max_pt = self._get_grid_cpp().get_bounding_box()
+        return (min_pt.x, min_pt.y, min_pt.z, max_pt.x, max_pt.y, max_pt.z)
+
+    def get_dataframe(
+        self,
+        activeonly: bool = True,
+        ijk: bool = True,
+        xyz: bool = True,
+        doubleformat: bool = False,
+    ) -> pd.DataFrame:
+        """Returns a Pandas dataframe for the grid and any attached grid properties.
+
+        Note that this dataframe method is rather similar to GridProperties
+        dataframe function, but have other defaults.
+
+        Args:
+            activeonly (bool): If True (default), return only active cells.
+            ijk (bool): If True (default), show cell indices, IX JY KZ columns
+            xyz (bool): If True (default), show cell center coordinates.
+            doubleformat (bool): If True, floats are 64 bit, otherwise 32 bit.
+                Note that coordinates (if xyz=True) is always 64 bit floats.
+
+        Returns:
+            A Pandas dataframe object
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> grd = xtgeo.grid_from_file(reek_dir + "/REEK.EGRID", fformat="egrid")
+            >>> names = ["SOIL", "SWAT", "PRESSURE"]
+            >>> dates = [19991201]
+            >>> xpr = xtgeo.gridproperties_from_file(
+            ...     reek_dir + "/REEK.UNRST",
+            ...     fformat="unrst",
+            ...     names=names,
+            ...     dates=dates,
+            ...     grid=grd,
+            ... )
+            >>> grd.gridprops = xpr  # attach properties to grid
+
+            >>> df = grd.get_dataframe()
+
+            >>> # save as CSV file
+            >>> df.to_csv(outdir + "/mygrid.csv")
+        """
+        return self.gridprops.get_dataframe(
+            grid=self,
+            activeonly=activeonly,
+            ijk=ijk,
+            xyz=xyz,
+            doubleformat=doubleformat,
+        )
+
+    def get_vtk_esg_geometry_data(
+        self,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        np.ndarray,
+        np.ndarray,
+        np.ndarray,
+        np.ndarray,
+    ]:
+        """Get grid geometry data suitable for use with VTK's vtkExplicitStructuredGrid.
+
+        Builds and returns grid geometry data in a format tailored for use with VTK's
+        explicit structured grid (ESG). Essentially this entails building an
+        unstructured grid representation where all the grid cells are represented as
+        hexahedrons with explicit connectivities. The cell connectivity array refers
+        into the accompanying vertex array.
+
+        In VTK, cell order increases in I fastest, then J, then K.
+
+        The returned tuple contains:
+            - numpy array with dimensions in terms of points (not cells)
+            - vertex array, numpy array with vertex coordinates
+            - connectivity array for all the cells, numpy array with integer indices
+            - inactive cell indices, numpy array with integer indices
+
+        This function also tries to remove/weld duplicate vertices, but this is still
+        a work in progress.
+
+        Example usage with VTK::
+
+            dims, vert_arr, conn_arr, inact_arr = xtg_grid.get_vtk_esg_geometry_data()
+
+            vert_arr = vert_arr.reshape(-1, 3)
+            vtk_points = vtkPoints()
+            vtk_points.SetData(numpy_to_vtk(vert_arr, deep=1))
+
+            vtk_cell_array = vtkCellArray()
+            vtk_cell_array.SetData(8, numpy_to_vtkIdTypeArray(conn_arr, deep=1))
+
+            vtk_esgrid = vtkExplicitStructuredGrid()
+            vtk_esgrid.SetDimensions(dims)
+            vtk_esgrid.SetPoints(vtk_points)
+            vtk_esgrid.SetCells(vtk_cell_array)
+
+            vtk_esgrid.ComputeFacesConnectivityFlagsArray()
+
+            ghost_arr_vtk = vtk_esgrid.AllocateCellGhostArray()
+            ghost_arr_np = vtk_to_numpy(ghost_arr_vtk)
+            ghost_arr_np[inact_arr] = vtkDataSetAttributes.HIDDENCELL
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.20
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_vtk_esg_geometry_data(self)
+
+    def get_vtk_geometries(self) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+        """Get necessary arrays on correct layout for VTK ExplicitStructuredGrid usage.
+
+        Example::
+
+            import pyvista as pv
+            dim, crn, inactind = grd.get_vtk_geometries()
+            grid = pv.ExplicitStructuredGrid(dim, crn)
+            grid.flip_z(inplace=True)
+            grid.hide_cells(inactind, inplace=True)
+            grid.plot(show_edges=True)
+
+        Returns:
+            dims, corners, inactive_indices
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.18
+        """
+
+        return _grid_etc1.get_vtk_geometries(self)
+
+    def append_prop(self, prop: GridProperty) -> None:
+        """Append a single property to the grid."""
+        if prop.dimensions != self.dimensions:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Dimensions does not match, got: {prop.dimensions} "
+                f"expected: {self.dimensions}."
+            )
+
+        self._props.append_props([prop])
+
+    def set_subgrids(self, sdict: dict[str, int] | None) -> None:
+        """Set the subgrid from a simplified ordered dictionary.
+
+        The simplified dictionary is on the form
+        {"name1": 3, "name2": 5}
+
+        Note that the input must be an dict!
+
+        """
+        if sdict is None:
+            return
+
+        if not isinstance(sdict, dict):
+            raise ValueError("Input sdict is not an dict")
+
+        newsub: dict[str, range | list[int]] = {}
+
+        inn1 = 1
+        for name, nsub in sdict.items():
+            inn2 = inn1 + nsub
+            newsub[name] = range(inn1, inn2)
+            inn1 = inn2
+
+        self.subgrids = newsub
+
+    def get_subgrids(self) -> dict[str, int] | None:
+        """Get the subgrids on a simplified ordered dictionary.
+
+        The simplified dictionary is on the form {"name1": 3, "name2": 5}
+        """
+        if not self.subgrids:
+            return None
+
+        return {name: len(subb) for name, subb in self.subgrids.items()}
+
+    def rename_subgrids(self, names: list[str] | tuple[str, ...]) -> None:
+        """Rename the names in the subgrids with the new names.
+
+        Args:
+            names (list): List of new names, length of list must be same as length of
+                subgrids
+
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> grd = create_box_grid((3, 3, 3))
+            >>> grd.subgrids = dict(
+            ...     [("1", range(1,2)), ("2", range(2,3)), ("3", range(3,4))]
+            ... )
+            >>> grd.rename_subgrids(["Inky", "Tinky", "Pinky"])
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: Input names not a list or a tuple
+            ValueError: Lenght of names list not same as number of subgrids
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.12
+        """
+        if not isinstance(names, (list, tuple)):
+            raise ValueError("Input names not a list or a tuple")
+
+        assert self.subgrids is not None
+        if len(names) != len(list(self.subgrids.keys())):
+            raise ValueError("Lenght of names list not same as number of subgrids")
+
+        subs = self.get_subgrids()
+        assert subs is not None
+        subs_copy = subs.copy()
+        for num, oldname in enumerate(self.subgrids.keys()):
+            subs_copy[str(names[num])] = subs_copy.pop(oldname)
+
+        self.set_subgrids(subs_copy)
+
+    def estimate_design(
+        self,
+        nsub: str | int | None = None,
+    ) -> dict[str, str | float] | None:
+        """Estimate design and simbox thickness of the grid or a subgrid.
+
+        If the grid consists of several subgrids, and nsub is not specified, then
+        a failure should be raised.
+
+        Args:
+            nsub (int or str): Subgrid index to check, either as a number (starting
+                with 1) or as subgrid name. If set to None, the whole grid will
+                examined.
+
+        Returns:
+            result (dict): where key "design" gives one letter in(P, T, B, X, M)
+                P=proportional, T=topconform, B=baseconform,
+                X=underdetermined, M=Mixed conform. Key "dzsimbox" is simbox thickness
+                estimate per cell. None if nsub is given, but subgrids are missing, or
+                nsub (name or number) is out of range.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> grd = xtgeo.grid_from_file(emerald_dir + "/emerald_hetero_grid.roff")
+            >>> print(grd.subgrids)
+            dict([('subgrid_0', range(1, 17)), ('subgrid_1', range(17, 47))])
+            >>> res = grd.estimate_design(nsub="subgrid_0")
+            >>> print("Subgrid design is", res["design"])
+            Subgrid design is P
+            >>> print("Subgrid simbox thickness is", res["dzsimbox"])
+            Subgrid simbox thickness is 2.548...
+
+
+
+        """
+        nsubname = None
+
+        if nsub is None and self.subgrids:
+            raise ValueError("Subgrids exists, nsub cannot be None")
+
+        if nsub is not None:
+            if not self.subgrids:
+                return None
+
+            if isinstance(nsub, int):
+                try:
+                    nsubname = list(self.subgrids.keys())[nsub - 1]
+                except IndexError:
+                    return None
+
+            elif isinstance(nsub, str):
+                nsubname = nsub
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("Key nsub of wrong type, must be a number or a name")
+
+            if nsubname not in self.subgrids:
+                return None
+
+        return _grid_etc1.estimate_design(self, nsubname)
+
+    def estimate_flip(self) -> Literal[1, -1]:
+        """Estimate flip (handedness) of grid returns as 1 or -1.
+
+        The flip numbers are 1 for left-handed and -1 for right-handed.
+
+        .. seealso:: :py:attr:`~ijk_handedness`
+        """
+        self._set_xtgformat2()  # ensure xtgformat 2!
+        handedness = _estimate_grid_ijk_handedness(self._coordsv.copy())
+        return -1 if handedness == "right" else 1
+
+    def subgrids_from_zoneprop(self, zoneprop: GridProperty) -> dict[str, int] | None:
+        """Estimate subgrid index from a zone property.
+
+        The new will estimate which will replace the current if any.
+
+        Args:
+            zoneprop(GridProperty): a XTGeo GridProperty instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            Will also return simplified dictionary is on the form
+                {"name1": 3, "name2": 5}
+        """
+        _, _, k_index = self.get_ijk()
+        kval = k_index.values
+        zprval = zoneprop.values
+        minzone = int(zprval.min())
+        maxzone = int(zprval.max())
+
+        newd: dict[str, range] = {}
+        for izone in range(minzone, maxzone + 1):
+            mininzn = int(kval[zprval == izone].min())  # 1 base
+            maxinzn = int(kval[zprval == izone].max())  # 1 base
+
+            newd[zoneprop.codes.get(izone, "zone" + str(izone))] = range(
+                mininzn, maxinzn + 1
+            )
+
+        self.subgrids = newd  # type: ignore
+
+        return self.get_subgrids()
+
+    def get_zoneprop_from_subgrids(self) -> xtgeo.GridProperty | None:
+        """
+        Create a discrete GridProperty encoding subgrid indices as zone values.
+
+        Returns:
+            A GridProperty where each layer belonging to a subgrid is assigned a unique
+            integer zone index (starting from 1). The property codes map these indices
+            to subgrid names. Returns None if no subgrids are defined.
+        """
+        if not self.subgrids:
+            return None
+
+        zoneprop = xtgeo.GridProperty(
+            ncol=self.ncol,
+            nrow=self.nrow,
+            nlay=self.nlay,
+            name="Zone",
+            discrete=True,
+            values=0,
+        )
+        for i, (name, layers) in enumerate(self.subgrids.items()):
+            zoneprop.codes[i + 1] = name
+            zoneprop.values[:, :, min(layers) - 1 : max(layers)] = i + 1
+        return zoneprop
+
+    def get_boundary_polygons(
+        self: Grid,
+        alpha_factor: float = 1.0,
+        convex: bool = False,
+        simplify: bool | dict[str, Any] = True,
+        filter_array: np.ndarray | None = None,
+    ) -> Polygons:
+        """Extract boundary polygons from the grid cell centers.
+
+        A ``filter_array`` can be applied to extract boundaries around specific
+        parts of the grid e.g. a region or a zone.
+
+        The concavity and precision of the boundaries are controlled by the
+        ``alpha_factor``. A low ``alpha_factor`` makes more precise boundaries,
+        while a larger value makes more rough polygons.
+
+        Note that the ``alpha_factor`` is a multiplier (default value 1) on top
+        of an auto estimated value, derived from the maximum xinc and yinc from
+        the grid cells. Dependent on the regularity of the grid, tuning of the
+        alpha_factor (up/down) is sometimes necessary to get satisfactory results.
+
+        Args:
+            alpha_factor: An alpha multiplier, which controls the precision of the
+                boundaries. A higher number will produce smoother and less accurate
+                polygons. Not applied if convex is set to True.
+            convex: The default is False, which means that a "concave hull" algorithm
+                is used. If convex is True, the alpha factor is overridden to a large
+                number, producing a 'convex' shape boundary instead.
+            simplify: If True, a simplification is done in order to reduce the number
+                of points in the polygons, where tolerance is 0.1. Another
+                alternative to True is to input a Dict on the form
+                ``{"tolerance": 2.0, "preserve_topology": True}``, cf. the
+                :func:`Polygons.simplify()` method. For details on e.g. tolerance, see
+                Shapely's simplify() method.
+            filter_array: An numpy boolean array with equal shape as the grid dimension,
+                used to filter the grid cells and define where to extract boundaries.
+
+        Returns:
+            A XTGeo Polygons instance
+
+        Example::
+
+            grid = xtgeo.grid_from_roxar(project, "Simgrid")
+            # extract polygon for a specific region, here region 3
+            region = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_roxar(project, "Simgrid", "Regions")
+            filter_array = (region.values==3)
+            boundary = grid.get_boundary_polygons(filter_array=filter_array)
+
+        See also:
+            The :func:`Polygons.boundary_from_points()` class method.
+
+        """
+        return _grid_boundary.create_boundary(
+            self, alpha_factor, convex, simplify, filter_array
+        )
+
+    def get_actnum_indices(
+        self,
+        order: Literal["C", "F", "A", "K"] = "C",
+        inverse: bool = False,
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """Returns the 1D ndarray which holds the indices for active cells.
+
+        Args:
+            order (str): "Either 'C' (default) or 'F' order).
+            inverse (bool): Default is False, returns indices for inactive cells
+                if True.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.18 Added inverse option
+        """
+        actnumv = self.get_actnum().values.copy(order=order)
+        actnumv = np.ravel(actnumv, order=order)
+        if inverse:
+            actnumv -= 1
+            return np.flatnonzero(actnumv)
+        return np.flatnonzero(actnumv)
+
+    def get_dualactnum_indices(
+        self,
+        order: Literal["C", "F", "A", "K"] = "C",
+        fracture: bool = False,
+    ) -> np.ndarray | None:
+        """Returns the 1D ndarray which holds the indices for matrix/fracture cases.
+
+        Args:
+            order (str): "Either 'C' (default) or 'F' order).
+            fracture (bool): If True use Fracture properties.
+        """
+        if not self._dualporo:
+            return None
+
+        assert self._dualactnum is not None
+        actnumv = self._dualactnum.values.copy(order=order)
+        actnumv = np.ravel(actnumv, order=order)
+
+        if fracture:
+            actnumvf = actnumv.copy()
+            actnumvf[(actnumv == 3) | (actnumv == 2)] = 1
+            actnumvf[(actnumv == 1) | (actnumv == 0)] = 0
+            return np.flatnonzero(actnumvf)
+
+        actnumvm = actnumv.copy()
+        actnumvm[(actnumv == 3) | (actnumv == 1)] = 1
+        actnumvm[(actnumv == 2) | (actnumv == 0)] = 0
+        return np.flatnonzero(actnumvm)
+
+    def get_prop_by_name(self, name: str) -> GridProperty | None:
+        """Gets a property object by name lookup, return None if not present."""
+
+        if self.props is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"{self.__class__.__name__} has no gird "
+                "property objects (self.props is None)"
+            )
+
+        for obj in self.props:
+            if obj.name == name:
+                return obj
+
+        return None
+
+    def get_actnum(
+        self,
+        name: str = "ACTNUM",
+        asmasked: bool = False,
+        dual: bool = False,
+    ) -> GridProperty:
+        """Return an ACTNUM GridProperty object.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): name of property in the XTGeo GridProperty object.
+            asmasked (bool): Actnum is returned with all cells shown
+                as default. Use asmasked=True to make 0 entries masked.
+            dual (bool): If True, and the grid is a dualporo/perm grid, an
+                extended ACTNUM is applied (numbers 0..3)
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> mygrid = xtgeo.create_box_grid((2,2,2))
+            >>> act = mygrid.get_actnum()
+            >>> print("{}% of cells are active".format(act.values.mean() * 100))
+            100.0% of cells are active
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.6 Added ``dual`` keyword
+        """
+        if dual and self._dualactnum:
+            act = self._dualactnum.copy()
+        else:
+            act = xtgeo.grid3d.GridProperty(
+                ncol=self._ncol,
+                nrow=self._nrow,
+                nlay=self._nlay,
+                values=np.zeros((self._ncol, self._nrow, self._nlay), dtype=np.int32),
+                name=name,
+                discrete=True,
+            )
+
+            if self._xtgformat == 1:
+                values = _gridprop_lowlevel.f2c_order(self, self._actnumsv)
+            else:
+                values = self._actnumsv
+
+            act.values = values
+            act.mask_undef()
+
+        if asmasked:
+            act.values = ma.masked_equal(act.values, 0)
+
+        act.codes = {0: "0", 1: "1"}
+        if dual and self._dualactnum:
+            act.codes = {0: "0", 1: "1", 2: "2", 3: "3"}
+
+        return act
+
+    def set_actnum(self, actnum: GridProperty) -> None:
+        """Modify the existing active cell index, ACTNUM.
+
+        Args:
+            actnum (GridProperty): a gridproperty instance with 1 for active
+                cells, 0 for inactive cells
+
+        Example::
+            >>> mygrid = create_box_grid((5,5,5))
+            >>> act = mygrid.get_actnum()
+            >>> act.values[:, :, :] = 1
+            >>> act.values[:, :, 4] = 0
+            >>> mygrid.set_actnum(act)
+        """
+        val1d = actnum.values.ravel()
+
+        if self._xtgformat == 1:
+            self._actnumsv = _gridprop_lowlevel.c2f_order(self, val1d)
+        else:
+            self._actnumsv = np.ma.filled(actnum.values, fill_value=0).astype(np.int32)
+
+    def get_dz(
+        self,
+        name: str = "dZ",
+        flip: bool = True,
+        asmasked: bool = True,
+        metric: METRIC = "z projection",
+    ) -> GridProperty:
+        """Return the dZ as GridProperty object.
+
+        Returns the average length of z direction edges for each
+        cell as a GridProperty. The length is by default the
+        z delta, ie. projected onto the z dimension (see the metric parameter).
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): name of property
+            flip (bool): Use False for Petrel grids were Z is negative down
+                (experimental)
+            asmasked (bool): True if only for active cells, False for all cells.
+                With `False` the inactive cells are included, but the numpy
+                array is still a MaskedArray instance.
+            metric (str): One of the following metrics:
+                * "euclid": sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2)
+                * "horizontal": sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2)
+                * "east west vertical": sqrt(dy^2 + dz^2)
+                * "north south vertical": sqrt(dx^2 + dz^2)
+                * "x projection": dx
+                * "y projection": dy
+                * "z projection": dz
+
+        Returns:
+            A XTGeo GridProperty object dZ
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_dz(
+            self,
+            name=name,
+            flip=flip,
+            asmasked=asmasked,
+            metric=metric,
+        )
+
+    def get_dx(
+        self,
+        name: str = "dX",
+        asmasked: bool = True,
+        metric: METRIC = "horizontal",
+    ) -> GridProperty:
+        """Return the dX as GridProperty object.
+
+        Returns the average length of x direction edges for each
+        cell as a GridProperty. The length is by default horizontal
+        vector length (see the metric parameter).
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): names of properties
+            asmasked (bool). If True, make a np.ma array where inactive cells
+                are masked. Otherwise the inactive cells are included, but the numpy
+                array is still a MaskedArray instance.
+            metric (str): One of the following metrics:
+                * "euclid": sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2)
+                * "horizontal": sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2)
+                * "east west vertical": sqrt(dy^2 + dz^2)
+                * "north south vertical": sqrt(dx^2 + dz^2)
+                * "x projection": dx
+                * "y projection": dy
+                * "z projection": dz
+
+        Returns:
+            XTGeo GridProperty objects containing dx.
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_dx(self, name=name, asmasked=asmasked, metric=metric)
+
+    def get_dy(
+        self,
+        name: str = "dY",
+        asmasked: bool = True,
+        metric: METRIC = "horizontal",
+    ) -> GridProperty:
+        """Return the dY as GridProperty object.
+
+        Returns the average length of y direction edges for each
+        cell as a GridProperty. The length is by default horizontal
+        vector length (see the metric parameter).
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): names of properties
+            asmasked (bool). If True, make a np.ma array where inactive cells
+                are masked. Otherwise the inactive cells are included, but the numpy
+                array is still a MaskedArray instance.
+            metric (str): One of the following metrics:
+                * "euclid": sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2)
+                * "horizontal": sqrt(dx^2 + dy^2)
+                * "east west vertical": sqrt(dy^2 + dz^2)
+                * "north south vertical": sqrt(dx^2 + dz^2)
+                * "x projection": dx
+                * "y projection": dy
+                * "z projection": dz
+
+        Returns:
+            Two XTGeo GridProperty objects (dx, dy).
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_dy(self, name=name, asmasked=asmasked, metric=metric)
+
+    def get_cell_volume(
+        self,
+        ijk: tuple[int, int, int] = (1, 1, 1),
+        activeonly: bool = True,
+        zerobased: bool = False,
+        precision: Literal[1, 2, 4] = 2,
+    ) -> float:
+        """Return the bulk volume for a given cell.
+
+        This method is currently *experimental*.
+
+        A bulk volume of a cornerpoint cell is actually a non-trivial and a non-unique
+        entity. The volume is approximated by dividing the cell (hexahedron) into
+        6 tetrehedrons; there is however a large number of ways to do this division.
+
+        As default (precision=2) an average of two different ways to divide the cell
+        into tetrahedrons is averaged.
+
+        Args:
+            ijk (tuple): A tuple of I J K (NB! cell counting starts from 1
+                unless zerobased is True).
+            activeonly (bool): Skip undef cells if True; return None for inactive.
+            precision (int): An even number indication precision level,where
+                a higher number means increased precision but also increased computing
+                time. Currently 1, 2, 4 are supported.
+
+        Returns:
+            Cell total bulk volume
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> grid = xtgeo.grid_from_file(reek_dir + "/REEK.EGRID")
+            >>> print(grid.get_cell_volume(ijk=(10,13,2)))
+            107056...
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.13 (as experimental)
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_cell_volume(
+            self,
+            ijk=ijk,
+            activeonly=activeonly,
+            zerobased=zerobased,
+            precision=precision,
+        )
+
+    def get_bulk_volume(
+        self,
+        name: str = "bulkvol",
+        asmasked: bool = True,
+        precision: Literal[1, 2, 4] = 2,
+    ) -> GridProperty:
+        """Return the geometric cell volume for all cells as a GridProperty object.
+
+        This method is currently *experimental*.
+
+        A bulk volume of a cornerpoint cell is actually a non-trivial and a non-unique
+        entity. The volume is approximated by dividing the cell (hexahedron) into
+        6 tetrehedrons; there is however a large number of ways to do this division.
+
+        As default (precision=2) an average of two different ways to divide the cell
+        into tetrahedrons is averaged.
+
+        Args:
+            name (str): name of property, default to "bulkvol"
+            asmasked (bool). If True, make a np.ma array where inactive cells
+                are masked. Otherwise a numpy array will all bulk for all cells is
+                returned
+            precision (int): Not applied!
+
+        Returns:
+            XTGeo GridProperty object
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.13 (as experimental)
+
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_bulk_volume(
+            self, name=name, precision=precision, asmasked=asmasked
+        )
+
+    def get_phase_volumes(
+        self,
+        water_contact: float | GridProperty,
+        gas_contact: float | GridProperty,
+        boundary: Polygons | None = None,
+        asmasked: bool = True,
+        precision: Literal[1, 2, 4] = 2,
+    ) -> tuple[GridProperty, GridProperty, GridProperty]:
+        """Return the geometric phase cell volume for all cells as three
+        GridProperty objects, namely gas_bulkvol, oil_bulkvol and water_bulkvol.
+
+        The volume calculation is constrained to the area within the provided
+        boundary polygon. In case of multiple polygons, only the first polygon
+        will be used.
+
+        A bulk volume of a cornerpoint cell is a non-trivial and non-unique
+        quantity. The volume is approximated by dividing the cell (hexahedron)
+        into six tetrahedrons; there are multiple ways to perform this division.
+
+        By default (precision=2) an average of two different tetrahedral
+        decompositions is used.
+
+        Args:
+            water_contact: Water-oil contact, in most cases refers to free water level.
+            gas_contact: Gas-oil contact, in most cases refers to free gas level.
+            boundary: Boundary area. If multiple polygons are present, only the
+                first polygon is used.
+            asmasked: If True, make a numpy.ma array where inactive cells are
+                masked. Otherwise a numpy array with bulk volumes for all cells
+                is returned.
+            precision (int): An even number indicating precision level, where a
+                higher number increases precision and computing time. Currently
+                1, 2 and 4 are supported.
+        Returns:
+            Three XTGeo GridProperty objects: gas, oil and water volumes.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> grid = xtgeo.grid_from_file("myGrid.roff")
+            >>> gas, oil, water = grid.get_phase_volumes(
+            ...     water_contact=1700.0, gas_contact=1650.0
+            ... )
+            >>> print(f"Total gas volume: {gas.values.sum()}")
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_phase_bulk_volumes(
+            self,
+            water_contact=water_contact,
+            gas_contact=gas_contact,
+            boundary=boundary,
+            precision=precision,
+            asmasked=asmasked,
+        )
+
+    def get_heights_above_ffl(
+        self,
+        ffl: GridProperty,
+        option: str = "cell_center_above_ffl",
+    ) -> tuple[GridProperty, GridProperty, GridProperty]:
+        """Returns 3 properties: htop, hbot and hmid, primarely for use in Sw models."
+
+        Args:
+            ffl: Free fluid level e.g. FWL (or level whatever is required; a level from
+                which cells above will be shown as delta heights (positive), while
+                cells below will have 0.0 values.
+            option: How to compute values, as either "cell_center_above_ffl",
+                "cell_corners_above_ffl" or "truncated_cell_corners_above_ffl".
+                The first one looks at cell Z centerlines, and compute the top,
+                the bottom and the midpoint. The second will look at cell corners,
+                using the uppermost corner for top, and the lowermost corner for bottom.
+                The third will truncate all cell corners above ffl and compute cell Z
+                centerlines. In all cases, values are modified if cell is intersected
+                with the provided ffl.
+
+        Returns:
+            (htop, hbot, hmid) delta heights, as xtgeo GridProperty objects
+
+        .. versionadded:: 3.9
+
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_heights_above_ffl(self, ffl=ffl, option=option)
+
+    def get_property_between_surfaces(
+        self,
+        top: xtgeo.RegularSurface,
+        base: xtgeo.RegularSurface,
+        value: int = 1,
+        name: str = "between_surfaces",
+    ) -> GridProperty:
+        """Returns a 3D GridProperty object with <value> between two surfaces."
+
+        Args:
+            top: The bounding top surface (RegularSurface object)
+            base: The bounding base surface (RegularSurface object)
+            value: An integer > 0 to assign to cells between surfaces, 1 as default
+            name: Name of the property, default is "between_surfaces"
+
+        Returns:
+            xtgeo GridProperty object with <value> if cell center is between surfaces,
+            otherwise 0. Note that the property wil be discrete if input value is an
+            integer, otherwise it will be continuous.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.5
+
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_property_between_surfaces(self, top, base, value, name)
+
+    def get_ijk(
+        self,
+        names: tuple[str, str, str] = ("IX", "JY", "KZ"),
+        asmasked: bool = True,
+        zerobased: bool = False,
+    ) -> tuple[GridProperty, GridProperty, GridProperty]:
+        """Returns 3 xtgeo.grid3d.GridProperty objects: I counter, J counter, K counter.
+
+        Args:
+            names: a 3 x tuple of names per property (default IX, JY, KZ).
+            asmasked: If True, UNDEF cells are masked, default is True
+            zerobased: If True, counter start from 0, otherwise 1 (default=1).
+        """
+        ixc, jyc, kzc = _grid_etc1.get_ijk(
+            self, names=names, asmasked=asmasked, zerobased=zerobased
+        )
+
+        # return the objects
+        return ixc, jyc, kzc
+
+    def get_ijk_from_points(
+        self,
+        points: Points,
+        activeonly: bool = True,
+        zerobased: bool = False,
+        dataframe: bool = True,
+        includepoints: bool = True,
+        columnnames: tuple[str, str, str] = ("IX", "JY", "KZ"),
+        fmt: Literal["int", "float"] = "int",
+        undef: int = -1,
+    ) -> pd.DataFrame | list:
+        """Returns a list/dataframe of cell indices based on a Points() instance.
+
+        If a point is outside the grid, -1 values are returned
+
+        Args:
+            points (Points): A XTGeo Points instance
+            activeonly (bool): If True, UNDEF cells are not included
+            zerobased (bool): If True, counter start from 0, otherwise 1 (default=1).
+            dataframe (bool): If True result is Pandas dataframe, otherwise a list
+                of tuples
+            includepoints (bool): If True, include the input points in result
+            columnnames (tuple): Name of columns if dataframe is returned
+            fmt (str): Format of IJK arrays (int/float). Default is "int"
+            undef (int or float): Value to assign to undefined (outside) entries.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.6
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.8 Added keywords `columnnames`, `fmt`, `undef`
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_ijk_from_points(
+            self,
+            points,
+            activeonly=activeonly,
+            zerobased=zerobased,
+            dataframe=dataframe,
+            includepoints=includepoints,
+            columnnames=columnnames,
+            fmt=fmt,
+            undef=undef,
+        )
+
+    def get_xyz(
+        self,
+        names: tuple[str, str, str] = ("X_UTME", "Y_UTMN", "Z_TVDSS"),
+        asmasked: bool = True,
+    ) -> tuple[
+        GridProperty,
+        GridProperty,
+        GridProperty,
+    ]:
+        """Returns 3 xtgeo.grid3d.GridProperty objects for x, y, z coordinates.
+
+        The values are mid cell values. Note that ACTNUM is
+        ignored, so these is also extracted for UNDEF cells (which may have
+        weird coordinates). However, the option asmasked=True will mask
+        the numpies for undef cells.
+
+        Args:
+            names: a 3 x tuple of names per property (default is X_UTME,
+            Y_UTMN, Z_TVDSS).
+            asmasked: If True, then inactive cells is masked (numpy.ma).
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_xyz(self, names=tuple(names), asmasked=asmasked)
+
+    def get_xyz_cell_corners(
+        self,
+        ijk: tuple[int, int, int] = (1, 1, 1),
+        activeonly: bool = True,
+        zerobased: bool = False,
+    ) -> tuple[int, ...]:
+        """Return a 8 * 3 tuple x, y, z for each corner.
+
+        .. code-block:: none
+
+           2       3
+           !~~~~~~~!
+           !  top  !
+           !~~~~~~~!    Listing corners with Python index (0 base)
+           0       1
+
+           6       7
+           !~~~~~~~!
+           !  base !
+           !~~~~~~~!
+           4       5
+
+        Args:
+            ijk (tuple): A tuple of I J K (NB! cell counting starts from 1
+                unless zerobased is True)
+            activeonly (bool): Skip undef cells if set to True.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple with 24 elements (x1, y1, z1, ... x8, y8, z8)
+                for 8 corners. None if cell is inactive and activeonly=True.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> grid = grid_from_file(reek_dir + "REEK.EGRID")
+            >>> print(grid.get_xyz_cell_corners(ijk=(10,13,2)))
+            (458704.10..., 1716.969970703125)
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeWarning if spesification is invalid.
+        """
+
+        return _grid_etc1.get_xyz_cell_corners_internal(
+            self, ijk=ijk, activeonly=activeonly, zerobased=zerobased
+        )
+
+    def get_xyz_corners(
+        self, names: tuple[str, str, str] = ("X_UTME", "Y_UTMN", "Z_TVDSS")
+    ) -> tuple[GridProperty, ...]:
+        """Returns 8*3 (24) xtgeo.grid3d.GridProperty objects, x, y, z for each corner.
+
+        The values are cell corner values. Note that ACTNUM is
+        ignored, so these is also extracted for UNDEF cells (which may have
+        weird coordinates).
+
+        .. code-block:: none
+
+           2       3
+           !~~~~~~~!
+           !  top  !
+           !~~~~~~~!    Listing corners with Python index (0 base)
+           0       1
+
+           6       7
+           !~~~~~~~!
+           !  base !
+           !~~~~~~~!
+           4       5
+
+        Args:
+            names (list): Generic name of the properties, will have a
+                number added, e.g. X0, X1, etc.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> grid = xtgeo.create_box_grid((2,2,2))
+            >>> gps = grid.get_xyz_corners() # list of 24 grid properties
+            >>> len(gps)
+            24
+            >>> gps[0].values.tolist()
+            [[[0.0, 0.0], ... [[1.0, 1.0], [1.0, 1.0]]]
+
+
+        Raises:
+            RunetimeError if corners has wrong spesification
+        """
+        # return the 24 objects in a long tuple (x1, y1, z1, ... x8, y8, z8)
+        return _grid_etc1.get_xyz_corners(self, names=names)
+
+    def get_layer_slice(
+        self, layer: int, top: bool = True, activeonly: bool = True
+    ) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+        """Get numpy arrays for cell coordinates e.g. for plotting.
+
+        In each cell there are 5 XY pairs, making a closed polygon as illustrated here:
+
+        XY3  <  XY2
+        !~~~~~~~!
+        !       ! ^
+        !~~~~~~~!
+        XY0 ->  XY1
+        XY4
+
+        Note that cell ordering is C ordering (row is fastest)
+
+        Args:
+            layer (int): K layer, starting with 1 as topmost
+            tip (bool): If True use top of cell, otherwise use base
+            activeonly (bool): If True, only return active cells
+
+        Returns:
+            layerarray (np): [[[X0, Y0], [X1, Y1]...[X4, Y4]], [[..][..]]...]
+            icarray (np): On the form [ic1, ic2, ...] where ic is cell count (C order)
+
+        Example:
+
+            Return two arrays forr cell corner for bottom layer::
+
+                grd = xtgeo.grid_from_file(REEKFILE)
+
+                parr, ibarr = grd.get_layer_slice(grd.nlay, top=False)
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.3
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_layer_slice(self, layer, top=top, activeonly=activeonly)
+
+    def get_geometrics(
+        self,
+        allcells: bool = False,
+        cellcenter: bool = True,
+        return_dict: bool = False,
+        _ver: Literal[1, 2] = 1,
+    ) -> dict | tuple:
+        """Get a list of grid geometrics such as origin, min, max, etc.
+
+        This returns a tuple: (xori, yori, zori, xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax, zmin,
+        zmax, avg_rotation, avg_dx, avg_dy, avg_dz, grid_regularity_flag)
+
+        If a dictionary is returned, the keys are as in the list above.
+
+        Args:
+            allcells (bool): If True, return also for inactive cells
+            cellcenter (bool): If True, use cell center, otherwise corner
+                coords
+            return_dict (bool): If True, return a dictionary instead of a
+                list, which is usually more convinient.
+            _ver (int): Private option; only for developer!
+
+        Raises: Nothing
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> mygrid = grid_from_file(reek_dir + "REEK.EGRID")
+            >>> gstuff = mygrid.get_geometrics(return_dict=True)
+            >>> print(f"X min/max is {gstuff['xmin']:.2f} {gstuff['xmax']:.2f}")
+            X min/max is 456620.79 467106.33
+
+        """
+        # TODO(JB): _grid_etc1.get_geometrics(False, False, True): Looks like it will
+        # fail due to glist and gkeys will be out of sync (lengths will be differnt)
+        return _grid_etc1.get_geometrics(
+            self,
+            allcells=allcells,
+            cellcenter=cellcenter,
+            return_dict=return_dict,
+            _ver=_ver,
+        )
+
+    def get_adjacent_cells(
+        self,
+        prop: GridProperty,
+        val1: int,
+        val2: int,
+        activeonly: bool = True,
+    ) -> GridProperty:
+        """Get a discrete property which reports val1 properties vs neighbouring val2.
+
+        The result will be a new gridproperty, which in general has value 0
+        but 1 if criteria is met, and 2 if criteria is met but cells are
+        faulted.
+
+        Args:
+            prop (xtgeo.GridProperty): A discrete grid property, e.g region
+            val1 (int): Primary value to evaluate
+            val2 (int): Neighbourung value
+            activeonly (bool): If True, do not look at inactive cells
+
+        Raises: Nothing
+
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_adjacent_cells(
+            self, prop, val1, val2, activeonly=activeonly
+        )
+
+    def get_gridquality_properties(self) -> GridProperties:
+        """Return a GridProperties() instance with grid quality measures.
+
+        These measures are currently:
+
+        * minangle_topbase (degrees) - minimum angle of top and base
+        * maxangle_topbase (degrees) - maximum angle of top and base
+        * minangle_topbase_proj (degrees) min angle projected (bird view)
+        * maxangle_topbase_proj (degrees) max angle projected (bird view)
+        * minangle_sides (degress) minimum angle, all side surfaces
+        * maxangle_sides (degress) maximum angle, all side surfaces
+        * collapsed (int) Integer, 1 of one or more corners are collapsed in Z
+        * faulted (int) Integer, 1 if cell is faulted (one or more neighbours offset)
+        * negative_thickness (int) Integer, 1 if cell has negative thickness
+        * concave_proj (int) 1 if cell is concave seen from projected bird view
+
+        Example::
+
+            # store grid quality measures in RMS
+            gprops = grd.gridquality()
+            for gprop in gprops:
+                gprop.to_roxar(project, "MyGrid", gprop.name)
+
+
+        """
+        return _grid_etc1.get_gridquality_properties(self)
+
+    # =========================================================================
+    # Some more special operations that changes the grid or actnum
+    # =========================================================================
+    def activate_all(self) -> None:
+        """Activate all cells in the grid, by manipulating ACTNUM."""
+        self._actnumsv = np.ones(self.dimensions, dtype=np.int32)
+
+        if self._xtgformat == 1:
+            self._actnumsv = self._actnumsv.flatten()
+
+    def inactivate_by_dz(self, threshold: float) -> None:
+        """Inactivate cells thinner than a given threshold."""
+        _grid_etc1.inactivate_by_dz(self, threshold)
+
+    def inactivate_inside(
+        self,
+        poly: Polygons,
+        layer_range: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        inside: bool = True,
+        force_close: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Inactivate grid inside a polygon.
+
+        The Polygons instance may consist of several polygons. If a polygon
+        is open, then the flag force_close will close any that are not open
+        when doing the operations in the grid.
+
+        Args:
+            poly(Polygons): A polygons object
+            layer_range (tuple): A tuple of two ints, upper layer = 1, e.g.
+                (1, 14). Note that base layer count is 1 (not zero)
+            inside (bool): True if remove inside polygon
+            force_close (bool): If True then force polygons to be closed.
+
+        Raises:
+            RuntimeError: If a problems with one or more polygons.
+            ValueError: If Polygon is not a XTGeo object
+        """
+        _grid_etc1.inactivate_inside(
+            self, poly, layer_range=layer_range, inside=inside, force_close=force_close
+        )
+
+    def inactivate_outside(
+        self,
+        poly: Polygons,
+        layer_range: tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+        force_close: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Inactivate grid outside a polygon."""
+        self.inactivate_inside(
+            poly, layer_range=layer_range, inside=False, force_close=force_close
+        )
+
+    def collapse_inactive_cells(self, internal: bool = True) -> None:
+        """Collapse inactive layers per I J column (~vertically).
+
+        Seen by I,J column, the inactive cells are collapsed to the first active cell in
+        the column. First transversed from top, then from bottom. If no active cells in
+        the column, the (invisible) Z coordinates are averaged to one common location.
+
+        If `internal` is True (default), then also internal inactive cells (i.e.
+        inactive "hole" surrounded by active cells) are collapsed. In this case the Z
+        coordinates of the adjacent active cells are moved to fill the gap.
+
+        The current grid instance will be updated.
+
+        Args:
+            internal: If True (default), then the internal collapse is also done.
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 4.11 Added ``internal option``, algorithm is improved
+        """
+        _grid_etc1.collapse_inactive_cells(self, internal=internal)
+
+    def crop(
+        self,
+        colcrop: tuple[int, int],
+        rowcrop: tuple[int, int],
+        laycrop: tuple[int, int],
+        props: Literal["all"] | list[GridProperty] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reduce the grid size by cropping.
+
+        The new grid will get new dimensions.
+
+        If props is "all" then all properties assosiated (linked) to then
+        grid are also cropped, and the instances are updated.
+
+        Args:
+            colcrop (tuple): A tuple on the form (i1, i2)
+                where 1 represents start number, and 2 represent end. The range
+                is inclusive for both ends, and the number start index is 1 based.
+            rowcrop (tuple): A tuple on the form (j1, j2)
+            laycrop (tuple): A tuple on the form (k1, k2)
+            props (list or str): None is default, while properties can be listed.
+                If "all", then all GridProperty objects which are linked to the
+                Grid instance are updated.
+
+        Returns:
+            The instance is updated (cropped)
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> mygrid = xtgeo.grid_from_file(reek_dir + "/REEK.EGRID")
+            >>> mygrid.crop((3, 6), (4, 20), (1, 10))
+            >>> mygrid.to_file(outdir + "/gf_reduced.roff")
+
+        """
+        _grid_etc1.crop(self, (colcrop, rowcrop, laycrop), props=props)
+
+    def reduce_to_one_layer(self) -> None:
+        """Reduce the grid to one single layer.
+
+        Example::
+
+            >>> import xtgeo
+            >>> grid = xtgeo.grid_from_file(reek_dir + "/REEK.EGRID")
+            >>> grid.nlay
+            14
+            >>> grid.reduce_to_one_layer()
+            >>> grid.nlay
+            1
+
+        """
+        _grid_etc1.reduce_to_one_layer(self)
+
+    def get_onelayer_grid(self) -> Grid:
+        """Return a copy of the grid with only one layer."""
+
+        new_grid_cpp = self._get_grid_cpp().extract_onelayer_grid()
+        return Grid(
+            coordsv=new_grid_cpp.coordsv,
+            zcornsv=new_grid_cpp.zcornsv,
+            actnumsv=new_grid_cpp.actnumsv,
+        )
+
+    def translate_coordinates(
+        self,
+        translate: tuple[float, float, float] = (0.0, 0.0, 0.0),
+        target_coordinates: tuple[float, float, float] | None = None,
+        flip: tuple[int, int, int] = (1, 1, 1),
+        add_rotation: float = 0.0,
+        rotation_point: tuple[float, float] | None = None,
+    ) -> Grid | None:
+        """Translate (move), flip and rotate the 3D grid geometry.
+
+        By 'flip' here, it means that the full coordinate arrays are inverted.
+
+        Args:
+            translate: Translation distance in X, Y, Z coordinates; these
+                values will be added to the current coordinates.
+            target_coordinates: Position for the centerpoint of the active grid cells.
+                Note that key ``translate`` cannot be used with this key; i.e. use
+                either ``translate`` or ``target_coordinates``
+            flip: Flip array. The flip values must be 1 or -1, meaning 1 for
+                keeping the current, and -1 for activating an axis flip.
+            add_rotation: The grid geometry will get an additional rotation by this
+                value, in degrees and counter clock wise.
+            rotation_point: Which (x, y) coordiate to be set as origin when adding
+                rotation. Default is the corner of the first cell number.
+
+        Note:
+            Grid properties attached to the grid will also be transformed
+
+        Example::
+            import xtgeo
+            grd = xtgeo.grid_from_roxar(project, "simpleb8")
+            poro = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_roxar(project, "simpleb8", "PORO")
+            grd.props = [poro]
+
+            grd.translate_coordinates(translate=(10,10, 20), flip=(1,1,-1),
+                add_rotation=30)
+
+            grd.to_roxar(project, "simpleb8_translated")
+            poro1 = grd.get_prop_by_name("PORO")
+            poro1.to_roxar(project, "simpleb8_translated", "PORO")
+
+        """
+        _grid_translate_coords.translate_coordinates(
+            self, translate, flip, add_rotation, rotation_point, target_coordinates
+        )
+
+    def reverse_row_axis(
+        self, ijk_handedness: Literal["left", "right"] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reverse the row axis (J indices).
+
+        This means that IJK system will switched between a left vs right handed system.
+        It is here (by using ijk_handedness key), possible to set a wanted handedness.
+
+        Note that properties that are assosiated with the grid (through the
+        :py:attr:`~gridprops` or :py:attr:`~props` attribute) will also be
+        reversed (which is desirable).
+
+        Args:
+            ijk_handedness (str): If set to "right" or "left", do only reverse rows if
+                handedness is not already achieved.
+
+        Example::
+
+            grd = xtgeo.grid_from_file("somefile.roff")
+            prop1 = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_file("somepropfile1.roff")
+            prop2 = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_file("somepropfile2.roff")
+
+            grd.props = [prop1, prop2]
+
+            # secure that the grid geometry is IJK right-handed
+            grd.reverse_row_axis(ijk_handedness="right")
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.5
+
+        """
+        _grid_etc1.reverse_row_axis(self, ijk_handedness=ijk_handedness)
+
+    def reverse_column_axis(
+        self, ijk_handedness: Literal["left", "right"] | None = None
+    ) -> None:
+        """Reverse the column axis (I indices).
+
+        This means that IJK system will switched between a left vs right handed system.
+        It is here (by using ijk_handedness key), possible to set a wanted handedness.
+
+        Note that properties that are assosiated with the grid (through the
+        :py:attr:`~gridprops` or :py:attr:`~props` attribute) will also be
+        reversed (which is desirable).
+
+        Args:
+            ijk_handedness (str): If set to "right" or "left", do only reverse columns
+                if handedness is not already achieved.
+
+        Example::
+
+            grd = xtgeo.grid_from_file("somefile.roff")
+            prop1 = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_file("somepropfile1.roff")
+            prop2 = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_file("somepropfile2.roff")
+
+            grd.props = [prop1, prop2]
+
+            # secure that the grid geometry is IJK right-handed
+            grd.reverse_column_axis(ijk_handedness="right")
+
+        .. versionadded:: 4.14
+
+        """
+        _grid_etc1.reverse_column_axis(self, ijk_handedness=ijk_handedness)
+
+    def make_zconsistent(self, zsep: float | int = 1e-5) -> None:
+        """Make the 3D grid consistent in Z, by a minimal gap (zsep).
+
+        Args:
+            zsep (float): Minimum gap
+        """
+        _grid_etc1.make_zconsistent(self, zsep)
+
+    def convert_to_hybrid(
+        self,
+        nhdiv: int = 10,
+        toplevel: float = 1000.0,
+        bottomlevel: float = 1100.0,
+        region: GridProperty | None = None,
+        region_number: int | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Convert to hybrid grid, either globally or in a selected region.
+
+        This function will convert the internal structure in the corner point grid,
+        so that the cells between two levels ``toplevel`` and ``bottomlevel`` become
+        horizontal, which can be useful in flow simulators when e.g. liquid
+        contact movements are dominating. See example on `usage in the Troll field`_.
+
+        Note that the resulting hybrid will have an increased number of layers.
+        If the initial grid has N layers, and the number of horizontal layers
+        is NHDIV, then the result grid will have N * 2 + NHDIV layers.
+
+        .. image:: images/hybridgrid2.jpg
+           :width: 600
+           :align: center
+
+        Args:
+            nhdiv: Number of hybrid layers.
+            toplevel: Top of hybrid grid.
+            bottomlevel: Base of hybrid grid.
+            region: Region property (if needed). Note that the region will only be
+                applied in a lateral sense: i.e. if a column is in the region, then
+                the full column will be converted to hybrid.
+            region_number: Which region to apply hybrid grid in if region.
+
+        Example:
+            Create a hybridgrid from file, based on a GRDECL file (no region)::
+
+               import xtgeo
+               grd = xtgeo.grid_from_file("simgrid.grdecl", fformat="grdecl")
+               grd.convert_to_hybrid(nhdiv=12, toplevel=2200, bottomlevel=2250)
+               # save in binary GRDECL fmt:
+               grd.to_file("simgrid_hybrid.bgrdecl", fformat="bgrdecl")
+
+        See Also:
+               :ref:`hybrid` example.
+
+        .. _usage in the Troll field: https://doi.org/10.2118/148023-MS
+
+        """
+
+        _grid_hybrid.make_hybridgrid(
+            self,
+            nhdiv=nhdiv,
+            toplevel=toplevel,
+            bottomlevel=bottomlevel,
+            region=region,
+            region_number=region_number,
+        )
+
+    def refine(
+        self,
+        refine_col: int | dict[int, int],
+        refine_row: int | dict[int, int],
+        refine_layer: int | dict,
+        zoneprop: GridProperty | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Refine grid in all direction, proportionally.
+
+        The refine_layer can be a scalar or a dictionary.
+
+        If refine_layer is a dict and zoneprop is None, then the current
+        subgrids array is used. If zoneprop is defined, the
+        current subgrid index will be redefined for the case. A warning will
+        be issued if subgrids are defined, but the give zone
+        property is inconsistent with this.
+
+        Also, if a zoneprop is defined but no current subgrids in the grid,
+        then subgrids will be added to the grid, if more than 1 subgrid.
+
+        Args:
+            self (object): A grid XTGeo object
+            refine_col (scalar or dict): Refinement factor for each column.
+            refine_row (scalar or dict): Refinement factor for each row.
+            refine_layer (scalar or dict): Refinement factor for layer, if dict, then
+                the dictionary must be consistent with self.subgrids if this is
+                present.
+            zoneprop (GridProperty): Zone property; must be defined if refine_layer
+                is a dict
+
+        Returns:
+            ValueError: if..
+            RuntimeError: if mismatch in dimensions for refine_layer and zoneprop
+
+        """
+        _grid_refine.refine(
+            self, refine_col, refine_row, refine_layer, zoneprop=zoneprop
+        )
+        self._tmp = {}
+
+    def refine_vertically(
+        self,
+        rfactor: int | dict,
+        zoneprop: GridProperty | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Refine vertically, proportionally.
+
+        The rfactor can be a scalar or a dictionary.
+
+        If rfactor is a dict and zoneprop is None, then the current
+        subgrids array is used. If zoneprop is defined, the
+        current subgrid index will be redefined for the case. A warning will
+        be issued if subgrids are defined, but the give zone
+        property is inconsistent with this.
+
+        Also, if a zoneprop is defined but no current subgrids in the grid,
+        then subgrids will be added to the grid, if more than 1 subgrid.
+
+        Args:
+            self (object): A grid XTGeo object
+            rfactor (scalar or dict): Refinement factor, if dict, then the
+                dictionary must be consistent with self.subgrids if this is
+                present.
+            zoneprop (GridProperty): Zone property; must be defined if rfactor
+                is a dict
+
+        Returns:
+            ValueError: if..
+            RuntimeError: if mismatch in dimensions for rfactor and zoneprop
+
+
+        Examples::
+
+            # refine vertically all by factor 3
+
+            grd.refine_vertically(3)
+
+            # refine by using a dictionary; note that subgrids must exist!
+            # and that subgrids that are not mentioned will have value 1
+            # in refinement (1 is meaning no refinement)
+
+            grd.refine_vertically({1: 3, 2: 4, 4: 1})
+
+            # refine by using a a dictionary and a zonelog. If subgrids exists
+            # but are inconsistent with the zonelog; the current subgrids will
+            # be redefined, and a warning will be issued! Note also that ranges
+            # in the dictionary rfactor and the zone property must be aligned.
+
+            grd.refine_vertically({1: 3, 2: 4, 4: 0}, zoneprop=myzone)
+
+        """
+        _grid_refine.refine_vertically(self, rfactor, zoneprop=zoneprop)
+
+    def report_zone_mismatch(
+        self,
+        well: Well | None = None,
+        zonelogname: str = "ZONELOG",
+        zoneprop: GridProperty | None = None,
+        zonelogrange: tuple[int, int] = (0, 9999),
+        zonelogshift: int = 0,
+        depthrange: tuple | None = None,
+        perflogname: str | None = None,
+        perflogrange: tuple[int, int] = (1, 9999),
+        filterlogname: str | None = None,
+        filterlogrange: tuple[float, float] = (1e-32, 9999.0),
+        resultformat: Literal[1, 2] = 1,
+    ) -> tuple | dict | None:
+        """Reports mismatch between wells and a zone.
+
+        Approaches on matching:
+            1. Use the well zonelog as basis, and compare sampled zone with that
+               interval. This means that zone cells outside well range will not be
+               counted
+            2. Compare intervals with wellzonation in range or grid zonations in
+               range. This gives a wider comparison, and will capture cases
+               where grid zonations is outside well zonation
+
+        .. image:: images/zone-well-mismatch-plain.svg
+           :width: 200
+           :align: center
+
+        Note if `zonelogname` and/or `filterlogname` and/or `perflogname` is given,
+        and such log(s) are not present, then this function will return ``None``.
+
+        Args:
+            well (Well): a XTGeo well object
+            zonelogname (str): Name of the zone logger
+            zoneprop (GridProperty): Grid property instance to use for
+                zonation
+            zonelogrange (tuple): zone log range, from - to (inclusive)
+            zonelogshift (int): Deviation (numerical shift) between grid and zonelog,
+                e.g. if Zone property starts with 1 and this corresponds to a zonelog
+                index of 3 in the well, the shift shall be -2.
+            depthrange (tuple): Interval for search in TVD depth, to speed up
+            perflogname (str): Name of perforation log to filter on (> 0 default).
+            perflogrange (tuple): Range of values where perforations are present.
+            filterlogname (str): General filter, work as perflog, filter on values > 0
+            filterlogrange (tuple): Range of values where filter shall be present.
+            resultformat (int): If 1, consider the zonelogrange in the well as
+                basis for match ratio, return (percent, match count, total count).
+                If 2 then a dictionary is returned with various result members
+
+        Returns:
+            res (tuple or dict): report dependent on `resultformat`
+                * A tuple with 3 members:
+                    (match_as_percent, number of matches, total count) approach 1
+                * A dictionary with keys:
+                    * MATCH1 - match as percent, approach 1
+                    * MCOUNT1 - number of match samples approach 1
+                    * TCOUNT1 - total number of samples approach 1
+                    * MATCH2 - match as percent, approach 2
+                    * MCOUNT2 - a.a for option 2
+                    * TCOUNT2 - a.a. for option 2
+                    * WELLINTV - a Well() instance for the actual interval
+                * None, if perflogname or zonelogname of filtername is given, but
+                  the log does not exists for the well
+
+        Example::
+
+            g1 = xtgeo.grid_from_file("gullfaks2.roff")
+
+            z = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_file(gullfaks2_zone.roff", name="Zone")
+
+            w2 = xtgeo.well_from_file("34_10-1.w", zonelogname="Zonelog")
+
+            w3 = xtgeo.well_from_file("34_10-B-21_B.w", zonelogname="Zonelog"))
+
+            wells = [w2, w3]
+
+            for w in wells:
+                response = g1.report_zone_mismatch(
+                    well=w, zonelogname="ZONELOG", zoneprop=z,
+                    zonelogrange=(0, 19), depthrange=(1700, 9999))
+
+                print(response)
+
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.8 Added several new keys and better precision in result
+        .. versionchanged:: 2.11 Added ``perflogrange`` and ``filterlogrange``
+        """
+        return _grid_wellzone.report_zone_mismatch(
+            self,
+            well=well,
+            zonelogname=zonelogname,
+            zoneprop=zoneprop,
+            zonelogrange=zonelogrange,
+            zonelogshift=zonelogshift,
+            depthrange=depthrange,
+            perflogname=perflogname,
+            perflogrange=perflogrange,
+            filterlogname=filterlogname,
+            filterlogrange=filterlogrange,
+            resultformat=resultformat,
+        )
+
+    # ==================================================================================
+    # Extract a fence/randomline by sampling, ready for plotting with e.g. matplotlib
+    # ==================================================================================
+    def get_randomline(
+        self,
+        fencespec: np.ndarray | Polygons,
+        prop: str | GridProperty,
+        zmin: float | None = None,
+        zmax: float | None = None,
+        zincrement: float = 1.0,
+        hincrement: float | None = None,
+        atleast: int = 5,
+        nextend: int = 2,
+    ) -> tuple[float, float, float, float, np.ndarray]:
+        """Get a sampled randomline from a fence spesification.
+
+        This randomline will be a 2D numpy with depth on the vertical
+        axis, and length along as horizontal axis. Undefined values will have
+        the np.nan value.
+
+        The input fencespec is either a 2D numpy where each row is X, Y, Z, HLEN,
+        where X, Y are UTM coordinates, Z is depth/time, and HLEN is a
+        length along the fence, or a Polygons instance.
+
+        If input fencspec is a numpy 2D, it is important that the HLEN array
+        has a constant increment and ideally a sampling that is less than the
+        Grid resolution. If a Polygons() instance, this will be automated if
+        hincrement is None.
+
+        Args:
+            fencespec (:obj:`~numpy.ndarray` or :class:`~xtgeo.xyz.polygons.Polygons`):
+                2D numpy with X, Y, Z, HLEN as rows or a xtgeo Polygons() object.
+            prop (GridProperty or str): The grid property object, or name, which shall
+                be plotted.
+            zmin (float): Minimum Z (default is Grid Z minima/origin)
+            zmax (float): Maximum Z (default is Grid Z maximum)
+            zincrement (float): Sampling vertically, default is 1.0
+            hincrement (float): Resampling horizontally. This applies only
+                if the fencespec is a Polygons() instance. If None (default),
+                the distance will be deduced automatically.
+            atleast (int): Minimum number of horizontal samples This applies
+                only if the fencespec is a Polygons() instance.
+            nextend (int): Extend with nextend * hincrement in both ends.
+                This applies only if the fencespec is a Polygons() instance.
+
+        Returns:
+            A tuple: (hmin, hmax, vmin, vmax, ndarray2d)
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: Input fence is not according to spec.
+
+        Example::
+
+            mygrid = xtgeo.grid_from_file("somegrid.roff")
+            poro = xtgeo.gridproperty_from_file("someporo.roff")
+            mywell = xtgeo.well_from_file("somewell.rmswell")
+            fence = mywell.get_fence_polyline(sampling=5, tvdmin=1750, asnumpy=True)
+            (hmin, hmax, vmin, vmax, arr) = mygrid.get_randomline(
+                 fence, poro, zmin=1750, zmax=1850, zincrement=0.5,
+            )
+            # matplotlib ...
+            plt.imshow(arr, cmap="rainbow", extent=(hmin1, hmax1, vmax1, vmin1))
+
+        .. versionadded:: 2.1
+
+        .. seealso::
+           Class :class:`~xtgeo.xyz.polygons.Polygons`
+              The method :meth:`~xtgeo.xyz.polygons.Polygons.get_fence()` which can be
+              used to pregenerate `fencespec`
+
+        """
+        if not isinstance(fencespec, (np.ndarray, xtgeo.Polygons)):
+            raise ValueError("fencespec must be a numpy or a Polygons() object")
+        logger.info("Getting randomline...")
+
+        res = _grid3d_fence.get_randomline(
+            self,
+            fencespec,
+            prop,
+            zmin=zmin,
+            zmax=zmax,
+            zincrement=zincrement,
+            hincrement=hincrement,
+            atleast=atleast,
+            nextend=nextend,
+        )
+        logger.info("Getting randomline... DONE")
+        return res
+
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Special private functions; these may only live for while
+    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    def _convert_xtgformat2to1(self) -> None:
+        """Convert arrays from new structure xtgformat=2 to legacy xtgformat=1."""
+        _grid_etc1._convert_xtgformat2to1(self)
+
+    def _convert_xtgformat1to2(self) -> None:
+        """Convert arrays from old structure xtgformat=1 to new xtgformat=2."""
+        _grid_etc1._convert_xtgformat1to2(self)
+
+    def _set_xtgformat1(self) -> None:
+        """Shortform... arrays from new structure xtgformat=2 to legacy xtgformat=1."""
+        self._convert_xtgformat2to1()
+
+    def _set_xtgformat2(self) -> None:
+        """Shortform... arrays from old structure xtgformat=1 to new xtgformat=2."""
+        self._convert_xtgformat1to2()