xtgeo 4.13.1__cp313-cp313-manylinux_2_26_aarch64.manylinux_2_28_aarch64.whl

xtgeo/grid3d/_ecl_grid.py

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+import warnings
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from dataclasses import astuple, dataclass, fields
+from enum import Enum, auto, unique
+from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.constants import foot
+
+from ._grdecl_format import match_keyword
+
+
+@unique
+class Units(Enum):
+    METRES = auto()
+    CM = auto()
+    FEET = auto()
+
+    def conversion_factor(self, other):
+        "Conversion factor from one unit to another"
+        result = 1.0
+        if self == other:
+            return result
+        if other == Units.FEET:
+            result *= 1 / foot
+        if other == Units.CM:
+            result *= 1e2
+        if self == Units.FEET:
+            result *= foot
+        if self == Units.CM:
+            result *= 1e-2
+        return result
+
+    def to_grdecl(self):
+        return self.name
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self):
+        return self.to_grdecl().ljust(8)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, unit_string):
+        if match_keyword(unit_string, "METRES"):
+            return cls.METRES
+        if match_keyword(unit_string, "FEET"):
+            return cls.FEET
+        if match_keyword(unit_string, "CM"):
+            return cls.CM
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown unit string {unit_string}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, unit_string):
+        if isinstance(unit_string, bytes):
+            return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string.decode("ascii"))
+        return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string)
+
+
+@unique
+class GridRelative(Enum):
+    """GridRelative is the second value given GRIDUNIT keyword.
+
+    MAP means map relative units, while
+    leaving it blank means relative to the origin given by the
+    MAPAXES keyword.
+    """
+
+    MAP = auto()
+    ORIGIN = auto()
+
+    def to_grdecl(self) -> str:
+        return "MAP" if self == GridRelative.MAP else ""
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_grdecl().ljust(8)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, unit_string: str):
+        return cls.MAP if match_keyword(unit_string, "MAP") else cls.ORIGIN
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, unit_string):
+        if isinstance(unit_string, bytes):
+            return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string.decode("ascii"))
+        return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class GrdeclKeyword:
+    """An abstract grdecl keyword.
+
+    Gives a general implementation of to/from grdecl which recurses on
+    fields. Ie. a dataclass such as
+    >>> class A(GrdeclKeyword):
+    ...     ...
+    >>> class B(GrdeclKeyword):
+    ...     ...
+
+    >>> @dataclass
+    ... class MyKeyword(GrdeclKeyword):
+    ...     field1: A
+    ...     field2: B
+
+    will have a to_grdecl method that will be similar to
+
+    >>> def to_grdecl(self):
+    ...     return [self.field1.to_grdecl(), self.field2.to_grdecl]
+
+    Similarly from_grdecl will call fields from_grdecl
+    to construct the object
+
+    >>> @classmethod
+    ... def from_grdecl(cls, values):
+    ...     return cls(A.from_grdecl(values[0]), B.from_grdecl(values[1]))
+    """
+
+    def to_grdecl(self) -> List[Any]:
+        """Convert the keyword to list of grdecl keyword values.
+        Returns:
+            list of values of the given keyword. ie. The
+            keyword read from "SPECGRID 1 1 1 F" should return
+            [1,1,1,CoordinateType.CYLINDRICAL]
+        """
+        return [value.to_grdecl() for value in astuple(self)]
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self) -> List[Any]:
+        return [value.to_bgrdecl() for value in astuple(self)]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, values):
+        object_types = [f.type for f in fields(cls)]
+        return cls(*[typ.from_bgrdecl(val) for val, typ in zip(values, object_types)])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, values):
+        """Convert list of grdecl keyword values to a keyword.
+        Args:
+            values(list): list of values given after the keyword in
+                the grdecl file.
+        Returns:
+            A GrdeclKeyword constructed from the given values.
+        """
+        object_types = [f.type for f in fields(cls)]
+        return cls(*[typ.from_grdecl(val) for val, typ in zip(values, object_types)])
+
+
+@unique
+class Order(Enum):
+    """Either increasing or decreasing.
+
+    Used for the grdecl keywords INC and DEC
+    respectively.
+    """
+
+    INCREASING = auto()
+    DECREASING = auto()
+
+    def to_grdecl(self) -> str:
+        return str(self.name)[0:3]
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_grdecl().ljust(8)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, order_string):
+        if match_keyword(order_string, "INC"):
+            return cls.INCREASING
+        if match_keyword(order_string, "DEC"):
+            return cls.DECREASING
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, unit_string: Union[bytes, str]):
+        if isinstance(unit_string, bytes):
+            return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string.decode("ascii"))
+        return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string)
+
+
+@unique
+class Handedness(Enum):
+    """The handedness of an orientation.
+
+    Eiter left handed or right handed.  Used for the grdecl keywords LEFT and
+    RIGHT.
+    """
+
+    LEFT = auto()
+    RIGHT = auto()
+
+    def to_grdecl(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_grdecl().ljust(8)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, orientation_string: str):
+        if match_keyword(orientation_string, "LEFT"):
+            return cls.LEFT
+        if match_keyword(orientation_string, "RIGHT"):
+            return cls.RIGHT
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown handedness string {orientation_string}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, unit_string: Union[bytes, str]):
+        if isinstance(unit_string, bytes):
+            return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string.decode("ascii"))
+        return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string)
+
+
+@unique
+class Orientation(Enum):
+    """Either up or down, for the grdecl keywords UP and DOWN."""
+
+    UP = auto()
+    DOWN = auto()
+
+    def to_grdecl(self) -> str:
+        return self.name
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self) -> str:
+        return self.to_grdecl().ljust(8)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, orientation_string: str):
+        if match_keyword(orientation_string, "UP"):
+            return cls.UP
+        if match_keyword(orientation_string, "DOWN"):
+            return cls.DOWN
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown orientation string {orientation_string}")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, unit_string: Union[bytes, str]):
+        if isinstance(unit_string, bytes):
+            return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string.decode("ascii"))
+        return cls.from_grdecl(unit_string)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class GdOrient(GrdeclKeyword):
+    """The GDORIENT keyword gives the orientation of the grid.
+
+    The three first values is either increasing or decreasing
+    depending on whether the corresponding dimension has increasing
+    or decreasing coordinates. Then comes the direction of the z dimension,
+    and finally the handedness of the orientation. Defaults to
+    "GDORIENT INC INC INC DOWN RIGHT /".
+    """
+
+    i_order: Order = Order.INCREASING
+    j_order: Order = Order.INCREASING
+    k_order: Order = Order.INCREASING
+    z_direction: Orientation = Orientation.DOWN
+    handedness: Handedness = Handedness.RIGHT
+
+
+@dataclass
+class GridUnit(GrdeclKeyword):
+    """Defines the units used for grid dimensions.
+
+    The first value is a string describing the units used, defaults to METRES,
+    known accepted other units are FIELD and LAB. The last value describes
+    whether the measurements are relative to the map or to the origin of
+    MAPAXES.
+    """
+
+    unit: Units = Units.METRES
+    grid_relative: GridRelative = GridRelative.ORIGIN
+
+
+@dataclass
+class MapAxes(GrdeclKeyword):
+    """The mapaxes keyword gives the local coordinate system of the map.
+
+    The map coordinate system is given by a point on the y line, the origin and
+    a point on the x line. ie. The usual coordinate system is given by "MAPAXES
+    0 1 0 0 1 0 /" where the two first values is a point on the y line, the
+    middle two values is the origin, and the last two values is a point on the
+    x line.
+    """
+
+    y_line: Tuple[float, float] = (0.0, 1.0)
+    origin: Tuple[float, float] = (0.0, 0.0)
+    x_line: Tuple[float, float] = (1.0, 0.0)
+
+    def to_grdecl(self) -> List[float]:
+        return list(self.y_line) + list(self.origin) + list(self.x_line)
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self) -> List[float]:
+        return np.array(self.to_grdecl(), dtype=np.float32)
+
+    def in_units(self, old_units, new_units):
+        factor = old_units.conversion_factor(new_units)
+        y_line = (self.y_line[0] * factor, self.y_line[1] * factor)
+        x_line = (self.x_line[0] * factor, self.x_line[1] * factor)
+        origin = (self.origin[0] * factor, self.origin[1] * factor)
+        return MapAxes(y_line, origin, x_line)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, values: List[Union[float, str]]):
+        return cls.from_grdecl(values)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, values: List[Union[float, str]]):
+        if len(values) != 6:
+            raise ValueError("MAPAXES must contain 6 values")
+        return cls(
+            (float(values[0]), float(values[1])),
+            (float(values[2]), float(values[3])),
+            (float(values[4]), float(values[5])),
+        )
+
+
+@unique
+class CoordinateType(Enum):
+    """The coordinate system type given in the SPECGRID keyword.
+
+    This is given by either T or F in the last value of SPECGRID, meaning
+    either cylindrical or cartesian coordinates respectively.
+    """
+
+    CARTESIAN = auto()
+    CYLINDRICAL = auto()
+
+    def to_grdecl(self) -> str:
+        return "F" if self == CoordinateType.CARTESIAN else "T"
+
+    def to_bgrdecl(self) -> int:
+        return 0 if self == CoordinateType.CARTESIAN else 1
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bgrdecl(cls, coord_value: int):
+        return cls.CARTESIAN if coord_value == 0 else cls.CYLINDRICAL
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_grdecl(cls, coord_string: str):
+        if match_keyword(coord_string, "F"):
+            return cls.CARTESIAN
+        if match_keyword(coord_string, "T"):
+            return cls.CYLINDRICAL
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown coordinate type {coord_string}")
+
+
+def transform_xtgeo_coord_by_mapaxes(mapaxes: MapAxes, coord: np.ndarray):
+    """Transforms xtgeo coord values by mapaxes.
+
+    The mapaxes keyword in a grdecl file defines a new coordinate system by
+    which x and y values are to be interpreted. The given xtgeo coord
+    values are transformed from the local coordinate system defined by
+    mapaxes to global coordinates.
+    """
+    x_point = mapaxes.x_line
+    y_point = mapaxes.y_line
+    origin = mapaxes.origin
+
+    x_axis = np.array(x_point) - origin
+    y_axis = np.array(y_point) - origin
+
+    x_unit = x_axis / np.linalg.norm(x_axis)
+    y_unit = y_axis / np.linalg.norm(y_axis)
+
+    coord[:, :, (0, 1)] = (
+        origin
+        + coord[:, :, 0, np.newaxis] * x_unit
+        + coord[:, :, 1, np.newaxis] * y_unit
+    )
+    coord[:, :, (3, 4)] = (
+        origin
+        + coord[:, :, 3, np.newaxis] * x_unit
+        + coord[:, :, 4, np.newaxis] * y_unit
+    )
+
+    return coord
+
+
+def inverse_transform_xtgeo_coord_by_mapaxes(mapaxes: MapAxes, coord: np.ndarray):
+    """Inversely transforms xtgeo coord values by mapaxes.
+
+    The inverse operation of transform_xtgeo_coord_by_mapaxes.
+    """
+    x_point = mapaxes.x_line
+    y_point = mapaxes.y_line
+    origin = mapaxes.origin
+
+    x_axis = np.array(x_point) - origin
+    y_axis = np.array(y_point) - origin
+
+    x_unit = x_axis / np.linalg.norm(x_axis)
+    y_unit = y_axis / np.linalg.norm(y_axis)
+
+    coord[:, :, (0, 1)] -= np.array(origin)
+    coord[:, :, (3, 4)] -= np.array(origin)
+
+    inv_transform = np.linalg.inv(np.transpose([x_unit, y_unit]))
+
+    # The following index manipulation is
+    # an optimized version of
+
+    # nx, ny, _ = coord.shape
+    # for i in range(nx):
+    #    for j in range(ny):
+    #        coord[i, j, (0, 1)] = inv_transform @ coord[i, j, (0, 1)]
+    #        coord[i, j, (3, 4)] = inv_transform @ coord[i, j, (3, 4)]
+    coord[:, :, (0, 1)] = (
+        inv_transform[np.newaxis, np.newaxis, :, :] @ coord[:, :, (0, 1), np.newaxis]
+    )[:, :, :, 0]
+    coord[:, :, (3, 4)] = (
+        inv_transform[np.newaxis, np.newaxis, :, :] @ coord[:, :, (3, 4), np.newaxis]
+    )[:, :, :, 0]
+    return coord
+
+
+class EclGrid(ABC):
+    """
+    The main keywords that describe a grdecl grid is COORD, ZCORN and ACTNUM.
+
+    The grid is made up of nx*ny*nz cells in three corresponding dimensions.
+    The number of cells in each direction is described in the SPECGRID keyword.
+
+    The values in COORD, ZCORN and ACTNUM are stored flattened in F-order and
+    have dimensions (nx+1,ny+1,6), (nx,2,ny,2,nz,2), and (nx,ny,nz) respectively.
+
+    COORD and ZCORN descibe a corner point geometry for the grid. There is a
+    straight line from the bottom to the top of the grid on which the corners
+    of each grid lie. COORD describe the top and bottom (x,y,z) values of these
+    corner lines, hence, it contains six floats for each corner line.
+
+    ZCORN has 8 values for each grid, which describes the z-value (height) at
+    which that cells corners intersect with the corresponding corner line. The
+    order of corners is  "left" before "right" in the second dimension of
+    ZCORN, "near"  before "far" in the fourth dimension , and "upper" before
+    "bottom" in the last dimension. Note that this orientation assumes,
+    increasing first dimension as to the "right", increasing second dimension
+    towards "far", and increasing third dimension as towards "bottom".
+
+    The topology is such that, assuming no gaps between cells, the (i,j,k)th
+    cell and the (i+1,j+1,k+1)th cell share the upper near left corner of the
+    (i+1,j+1,k+1)th cell which is the lower far right corner of the (i,j,k)th
+    cell.
+
+    ACTNUM describes the active status of each cell. For simulations without
+    dual porosity or thermal, 0 means inactive, 1 means active and other values
+    are not used. For dual porosity, 0 means inactive, 1 means matrix only,
+    2 means fracture only, and 3 means both fracture and matrix. For thermal
+    simulations, 0 means inactive, 1 means active, 2 means rock volume only,
+    3 means pore volume only.
+    """
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def coord(self) -> np.ndarray:
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def zcorn(self) -> np.ndarray:
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def actnum(self) -> Optional[np.ndarray]:
+        pass
+
+    def __eq__(self, other) -> bool:
+        if not isinstance(other, EclGrid):
+            return False
+        return (
+            (
+                (self.actnum is None and other.actnum is None)
+                or np.array_equal(self.actnum, other.actnum)
+            )
+            and np.array_equal(self.coord, other.coord)
+            and np.array_equal(self.zcorn, other.zcorn)
+        )
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def is_map_relative(self) -> bool:
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def mapaxes(self) -> Optional[MapAxes]:
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def dimensions(self) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def map_axis_units(self) -> Units:
+        pass
+
+    @property
+    @abstractmethod
+    def grid_units(self) -> Units:
+        pass
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _check_xtgeo_compatible(self):
+        pass
+
+    def convert_grid_units(self, units):
+        """Converts the units of the grid
+        Args:
+            units: The unit to convert to.
+
+        After convert_grid_units is called, `EclGrid.grid_units == units`.
+
+        """
+        old_grid_units = self.grid_units
+        factor = old_grid_units.conversion_factor(units)
+        self.coord *= factor
+        self.zcorn *= factor
+        self.grid_units = units
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def valid_mapaxes(mapaxes: MapAxes) -> bool:
+        y_line = mapaxes.y_line
+        x_line = mapaxes.x_line
+        origin = mapaxes.origin
+        x_axis = np.array(x_line) - origin
+        y_axis = np.array(y_line) - origin
+
+        return np.linalg.norm(x_axis) > 1e-5 and np.linalg.norm(y_axis) > 1e-5
+
+    def _relative_to_transform(self, xtgeo_coord, relative_to=GridRelative.MAP):
+        """Handle relative transform of xtgeo_coord()."""
+        mapaxes = self.mapaxes
+        has_mapaxes = True
+        if self.mapaxes is None:
+            mapaxes = MapAxes()
+            has_mapaxes = False
+        axis_units = self.map_axis_units
+
+        has_axis_units = True
+        if axis_units is None:
+            axis_units = self.grid_units
+            has_axis_units = False
+
+        if has_mapaxes and not has_axis_units:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Axis units specification is missing in input, assuming that no "
+                "unit conversion is necessary"
+            )
+
+        if relative_to == GridRelative.MAP and not self.is_map_relative:
+            xtgeo_coord *= self.grid_units.conversion_factor(axis_units)
+            xtgeo_coord = transform_xtgeo_coord_by_mapaxes(mapaxes, xtgeo_coord)
+
+        elif relative_to == GridRelative.ORIGIN and self.is_map_relative:
+            mapaxes = mapaxes.in_units(axis_units, self.grid_units)
+            xtgeo_coord = inverse_transform_xtgeo_coord_by_mapaxes(mapaxes, xtgeo_coord)
+
+        return xtgeo_coord
+
+    def xtgeo_coord(self, relative_to=GridRelative.MAP):
+        """
+        Args:
+            relative_to: Specifies the axis system the coords should be
+            relative to, either map or grid. Defaults to map. If relative_to is
+            GridRelative.MAP then the resulting units are that of map_axis_units.
+        Returns:
+            coord in xtgeo format.
+        """
+        self._check_xtgeo_compatible()
+        nx, ny, _ = self.dimensions
+
+        xtgeo_coord = (
+            np.swapaxes(self.coord.reshape((ny + 1, nx + 1, 6)), 0, 1)
+            .astype(np.float64)
+            .copy()
+        )
+        xtgeo_coord = self._relative_to_transform(xtgeo_coord, relative_to)
+        return np.ascontiguousarray(xtgeo_coord)
+
+    def xtgeo_actnum(self):
+        """
+        Returns:
+            actnum in xtgeo format.
+        """
+        self._check_xtgeo_compatible()
+        nx, ny, nz = self.dimensions
+        if self.actnum is None:
+            return np.ones(shape=(nx, ny, nz), dtype=np.int32)
+        activity_number = self.actnum.reshape((nx, ny, nz), order="F")
+        return np.ascontiguousarray(activity_number)
+
+    def xtgeo_zcorn(self, relative_to=GridRelative.MAP):
+        """
+            relative_to: Specifies the axis system the zcorn should be
+            relative to, either map or origin. Defaults to map. For zcorn
+            this only affects which units zcorn will be in, grid units for
+            relative to origin, map units for relative to map.
+        Returns:
+            zcorn in xtgeo format.
+        """
+        self._check_xtgeo_compatible()
+        nx, ny, nz = self.dimensions
+        zcorn = self.zcorn.reshape((2, nx, 2, ny, 2, nz), order="F")
+
+        if not np.allclose(
+            zcorn[:, :, :, :, 1, : nz - 1], zcorn[:, :, :, :, 0, 1:], atol=1e-2
+        ):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "An Eclipse style grid with vertical ZCORN splits "
+                "or overlaps between vertical neighbouring cells is detected. XTGeo "
+                "will import the grid as if the cell layers are connected, "
+                "hence check result carefully. "
+                "(Note also that this check both active and inactive cells!)",
+                UserWarning,
+            )
+
+        result = np.zeros((nx + 1, ny + 1, nz + 1, 4), dtype=np.float32)
+
+        # xtgeo uses 4 z values per i,j,k to mean the 4 z values of
+        # adjacent cells for the cornerline at position i,j,k assuming
+        # no difference in z values between upper and lower cells. In
+        # the order sw,se,nw,ne.
+
+        # In grdecl, there are 8 zvalues per i,j,k meaning the z values
+        # of each corner for the cell at i,j,k. In
+        # the order "left" (west) before "right" (east) , "near" (south)
+        # before "far" (north) , "upper" before "bottom"
+
+        # set the nw value of cornerline i+1,j to
+        # the near right corner of cell i,j
+        result[1:, :ny, 0:nz, 2] = zcorn[1, :, 0, :, 0, :]
+        result[1:, :ny, nz, 2] = zcorn[1, :, 0, :, 1, nz - 1]
+
+        # set the ne value of cornerline i,j to
+        # the near left corner of cell i,j
+        result[:nx, :ny, 0:nz, 3] = zcorn[0, :, 0, :, 0, :]
+        result[:nx, :ny, nz, 3] = zcorn[0, :, 0, :, 1, nz - 1]
+
+        # set the sw value of cornerline i+1,j+1 to
+        # the far right corner of cell i,j to
+        result[1:, 1:, 0:nz, 0] = zcorn[1, :, 1, :, 0, :]
+        result[1:, 1:, nz, 0] = zcorn[1, :, 1, :, 1, nz - 1]
+
+        # set the se value of cornerline i,j+1 to
+        # the far left corner of cell i,j
+        result[:nx, 1:, 0:nz, 1] = zcorn[0, :, 1, :, 0, :]
+        result[:nx, 1:, nz, 1] = zcorn[0, :, 1, :, 1, nz - 1]
+
+        self.duplicate_insignificant_xtgeo_zcorn(result)
+
+        axis_units = self.map_axis_units
+        if axis_units is None:
+            axis_units = self.grid_units
+        if relative_to == GridRelative.MAP and not self.is_map_relative:
+            result *= self.grid_units.conversion_factor(self.map_axis_units)
+
+        return np.ascontiguousarray(result)
+
+    def duplicate_insignificant_xtgeo_zcorn(self, zcorn: np.ndarray):
+        """Duplicates values on the faces and corners of the grid.
+
+        The xtgeo format has 4 z values for all cornerlines, refering
+        to the z value for the corresponding corner of the cell that is
+        sw, se, nw and ne of the cornerline. However, for the cornerlines
+        that are on the boundary of the grid, there might be no such cell, ie.
+        north of the northernmost cornerlines there are no cells. These are
+        then duplicated of corresponding cells in the opposite direction.
+
+        """
+        nx, ny, nz = self.dimensions
+
+        # south of the sw->se face is duplicate
+        # of the north values
+        zcorn[1:nx, 0, :, 0] = zcorn[1:nx, 0, :, 2]
+        zcorn[1:nx, 0, :, 1] = zcorn[1:nx, 0, :, 3]
+
+        # vertical sw corner line is duplicates of
+        # the ne value
+        zcorn[0, 0, :, 0] = zcorn[0, 0, :, 3]
+        zcorn[0, 0, :, 1] = zcorn[0, 0, :, 3]
+        zcorn[0, 0, :, 2] = zcorn[0, 0, :, 3]
+
+        # east values of the se->ne face
+        # is duplicates of the corresponding
+        # west values
+        zcorn[nx, 1:ny, :, 1] = zcorn[nx, 1:ny, :, 0]
+        zcorn[nx, 1:ny, :, 3] = zcorn[nx, 1:ny, :, 2]
+
+        # vertical se corner line is all duplicates
+        # of its nw value
+        zcorn[nx, 0, :, 0] = zcorn[nx, 0, :, 2]
+        zcorn[nx, 0, :, 1] = zcorn[nx, 0, :, 2]
+        zcorn[nx, 0, :, 3] = zcorn[nx, 0, :, 2]
+
+        # north values of the nw->ne face is duplicates
+        # of the corresponding south values
+        zcorn[1:nx, ny, :, 2] = zcorn[1:nx, ny, :, 0]
+        zcorn[1:nx, ny, :, 3] = zcorn[1:nx, ny, :, 1]
+
+        # vertical nw corner line is all duplicates
+        # of the se value
+        zcorn[0, ny, :, 0] = zcorn[0, ny, :, 1]
+        zcorn[0, ny, :, 2] = zcorn[0, ny, :, 1]
+        zcorn[0, ny, :, 3] = zcorn[0, ny, :, 1]
+
+        # west values of the sw->nw face is duplicates
+        # of corresponding east values
+        zcorn[0, 1:ny, :, 0] = zcorn[0, 1:ny, :, 1]
+        zcorn[0, 1:ny, :, 2] = zcorn[0, 1:ny, :, 3]
+
+        # vertical ne corner line is all duplicates
+        # of the sw value
+        zcorn[nx, ny, :, 1] = zcorn[nx, ny, :, 0]
+        zcorn[nx, ny, :, 2] = zcorn[nx, ny, :, 0]
+        zcorn[nx, ny, :, 3] = zcorn[nx, ny, :, 0]
+
+    @classmethod
+    @abstractmethod
+    def default_settings_grid(
+        cls,
+        coord: np.ndarray,
+        zcorn: np.ndarray,
+        actnum: Optional[np.ndarray],
+        size: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ):
+        pass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_xtgeo_grid(cls, xtgeo_grid):
+        xtgeo_grid._set_xtgformat2()
+
+        nx, ny, nz = xtgeo_grid.dimensions
+        actnum = xtgeo_grid._actnumsv.reshape(nx, ny, nz)
+        actnum = actnum.ravel(order="F")
+        if np.all(actnum == 1):
+            actnum = None
+        coord = np.ascontiguousarray(np.swapaxes(xtgeo_grid._coordsv, 0, 1).ravel())
+        zcorn = np.zeros((2, nx, 2, ny, 2, nz))
+        xtgeo_zcorn = xtgeo_grid._zcornsv.reshape((nx + 1, ny + 1, nz + 1, 4))
+
+        # This is the reverse operation of that of xtgeo_zcorn,
+        # see that function for description of operations.
+
+        # set the nw value of cornerline i+1,j to
+        # the near right corner of cell i,j
+        zcorn[1, :, 0, :, 1, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[1:, :ny, 1:, 2]
+        zcorn[1, :, 0, :, 0, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[1:, :ny, :nz, 2]
+
+        # set the ne value of cornerline i,j to
+        # the near left corner of cell i,j
+        zcorn[0, :, 0, :, 1, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[:nx, :ny, 1:, 3]
+        zcorn[0, :, 0, :, 0, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[:nx, :ny, :nz, 3]
+
+        # set the sw value of cornerline i+1,j+1 to
+        # the far right corner of cell i,j to
+        zcorn[1, :, 1, :, 1, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[1:, 1:, 1:, 0]
+        zcorn[1, :, 1, :, 0, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[1:, 1:, :nz, 0]
+
+        # set the se value of cornerline i,j+1 to
+        # the far left corner of cell i,j
+        zcorn[0, :, 1, :, 1, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[:nx, 1:, 1:, 1]
+        zcorn[0, :, 1, :, 0, :] = xtgeo_zcorn[:nx, 1:, :nz, 1]
+
+        zcorn = zcorn.ravel(order="F")
+
+        result = cls.default_settings_grid(
+            coord=coord,
+            zcorn=zcorn,
+            actnum=actnum,
+            size=(nx, ny, nz),
+        )
+
+        if xtgeo_grid.units is not None:
+            result.grid_units = xtgeo_grid.units
+            result.map_axis_units = xtgeo_grid.units
+
+        return result