weac 3.0.0__py3-none-any.whl → 3.0.2__py3-none-any.whl

weac/analysis/criteria_evaluator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1172 @@
+"""
+This module provides the CriteriaEvaluator class, which is used to evaluate various
+fracture criteria based on the model results.
+"""
+
+# Standard library imports
+import copy
+import logging
+import time
+import warnings
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+# Third party imports
+import numpy as np
+from scipy.optimize import brentq, root_scalar
+
+from weac.analysis.analyzer import Analyzer
+
+# weac imports
+from weac.components import (
+    CriteriaConfig,
+    ScenarioConfig,
+    Segment,
+    WeakLayer,
+)
+from weac.constants import RHO_ICE
+from weac.core.system_model import SystemModel
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CoupledCriterionHistory:
+    """Stores the history of the coupled criterion evaluation."""
+
+    skier_weights: list[float]
+    crack_lengths: list[float]
+    incr_energies: list[np.ndarray]
+    g_deltas: list[float]
+    dist_maxs: list[float]
+    dist_mins: list[float]
+
+
+@dataclass
+class CoupledCriterionResult:
+    """
+    Holds the results of the coupled criterion evaluation.
+
+    Attributes:
+    -----------
+    converged : bool
+        Whether the algorithm converged.
+    message : str
+        The message of the evaluation.
+    self_collapse : bool
+        Whether the system collapsed.
+    pure_stress_criteria : bool
+        Whether the pure stress criteria is satisfied.
+    critical_skier_weight : float
+        The critical skier weight.
+    initial_critical_skier_weight : float
+        The initial critical skier weight.
+    crack_length : float
+        The crack length.
+    g_delta : float
+        The g_delta value.
+    dist_ERR_envelope : float
+        The distance to the ERR envelope.
+    iterations : int
+        The number of iterations.
+    history : CoupledCriterionHistory
+        The history of the evaluation.
+    final_system : SystemModel
+        The final system model.
+    max_dist_stress : float
+        The maximum distance to failure.
+    min_dist_stress : float
+        The minimum distance to failure.
+    """
+
+    converged: bool
+    message: str
+    self_collapse: bool
+    pure_stress_criteria: bool
+    critical_skier_weight: float
+    initial_critical_skier_weight: float
+    crack_length: float
+    g_delta: float
+    dist_ERR_envelope: float
+    iterations: int
+    history: CoupledCriterionHistory | None
+    final_system: SystemModel
+    max_dist_stress: float
+    min_dist_stress: float
+
+
+@dataclass
+class SSERRResult:
+    """
+    Holds the results of the SSERR evaluation.
+
+    Attributes:
+    -----------
+    converged : bool
+        Whether the algorithm converged.
+    message : str
+        The message of the evaluation.
+    touchdown_distance : float
+        The touchdown distance.
+    SSERR : float
+        The Steady-State Energy Release Rate calculated with the
+        touchdown distance from G_I and G_II.
+    """
+
+    converged: bool
+    message: str
+    touchdown_distance: float
+    SSERR: float
+
+
+@dataclass
+class FindMinimumForceResult:
+    """
+    Holds the results of the find_minimum_force evaluation.
+
+    Attributes:
+    -----------
+    success : bool
+        Whether the algorithm converged.
+    critical_skier_weight : float
+        The critical skier weight.
+    new_segments : list[Segment]
+        The new segments.
+    old_segments : list[Segment]
+        The old segments.
+    iterations : int
+        The number of iterations.
+    max_dist_stress : float
+        The maximum distance to failure.
+    min_dist_stress : float
+        The minimum distance to failure.
+    """
+
+    success: bool
+    critical_skier_weight: float
+    new_segments: list[Segment]
+    old_segments: list[Segment]
+    iterations: int | None
+    max_dist_stress: float
+    min_dist_stress: float
+
+
+class CriteriaEvaluator:
+    """
+    Provides methods for stability analysis of layered slabs on compliant
+    elastic foundations, based on the logic from criterion_check.py.
+    """
+
+    criteria_config: CriteriaConfig
+
+    def __init__(self, criteria_config: CriteriaConfig):
+        """
+        Initializes the evaluator with global simulation and criteria configurations.
+
+        Parameters:
+        ----------
+        criteria_config (CriteriaConfig): The configuration for failure criteria.
+        """
+        self.criteria_config = criteria_config
+
+    def fracture_toughness_envelope(
+        self, G_I: float | np.ndarray, G_II: float | np.ndarray, weak_layer: WeakLayer
+    ) -> float | np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Evaluates the fracture toughness criterion for a given combination of
+        Mode I (G_I) and Mode II (G_II) energy release rates.
+
+        The criterion is defined as:
+            g_delta = (|G_I| / G_Ic)^gn + (|G_II| / G_IIc)^gm
+
+        A value of 1 indicates the boundary of the fracture toughness envelope is reached.
+
+        Parameters:
+        -----------
+        G_I : float
+            Mode I energy release rate (ERR) in J/m².
+        G_II : float
+            Mode II energy release rate (ERR) in J/m².
+        weak_layer : WeakLayer
+            The weak layer object containing G_Ic and G_IIc.
+
+        Returns:
+        -------
+        g_delta : float
+            Evaluation of the fracture toughness envelope.
+        """
+        g_delta = (np.abs(G_I) / weak_layer.G_Ic) ** self.criteria_config.gn + (
+            np.abs(G_II) / weak_layer.G_IIc
+        ) ** self.criteria_config.gm
+
+        return g_delta
+
+    def stress_envelope(
+        self,
+        sigma: float | np.ndarray,
+        tau: float | np.ndarray,
+        weak_layer: WeakLayer,
+        method: str | None = None,
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Evaluate the stress envelope for given stress components.
+        Weak Layer failure is defined as the stress envelope crossing 1.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        sigma: ndarray
+            Normal stress components (kPa).
+        tau: ndarray
+            Shear stress components (kPa).
+        weak_layer: WeakLayer
+            The weak layer object, used to get density.
+        method: str, optional
+            Method to use for the stress envelope. Defaults to None.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        stress_envelope: ndarray
+            Stress envelope evaluation values in [0, inf].
+            Values > 1 indicate failure.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        - Mede's envelopes ('mede_s-RG1', 'mede_s-RG2', 'mede_s-FCDH') are derived
+            from the work of Mede et al. (2018), "Snow Failure Modes Under Mixed
+            Loading," published in Geophysical Research Letters.
+        - Schöttner's envelope ('schottner') is based on the preprint by Schöttner
+            et al. (2025), "On the Compressive Strength of Weak Snow Layers of
+            Depth Hoar".
+        - The 'adam_unpublished' envelope scales with weak layer density linearly
+            (compared to density baseline) by a 'scaling_factor'
+            (weak layer density / density baseline), unless modified by
+            'order_of_magnitude'.
+        - Mede's criteria ('mede_s-RG1', 'mede_s-RG2', 'mede_s-FCDH') define
+            failure based on a piecewise function of stress ranges.
+        """
+        sigma = np.abs(np.asarray(sigma))
+        tau = np.abs(np.asarray(tau))
+        results = np.zeros_like(sigma)
+
+        envelope_method = (
+            method
+            if method is not None
+            else self.criteria_config.stress_envelope_method
+        )
+        density = weak_layer.rho
+        sigma_c = weak_layer.sigma_c
+        tau_c = weak_layer.tau_c
+        fn = self.criteria_config.fn
+        fm = self.criteria_config.fm
+        order_of_magnitude = self.criteria_config.order_of_magnitude
+        scaling_factor = self.criteria_config.scaling_factor
+
+        def mede_common_calculations(sigma, tau, p0, tau_T, p_T):
+            results_local = np.zeros_like(sigma)
+            in_first_range = (sigma >= (p_T - p0)) & (sigma <= p_T)
+            in_second_range = sigma > p_T
+            results_local[in_first_range] = (
+                -tau[in_first_range] * (p0 / (tau_T * p_T))
+                + sigma[in_first_range] * (1 / p_T)
+                + p0 / p_T
+            )
+            results_local[in_second_range] = (tau[in_second_range] ** 2) + (
+                (tau_T / p0) ** 2
+            ) * ((sigma[in_second_range] - p_T) ** 2)
+            return results_local
+
+        if envelope_method == "adam_unpublished":
+            if scaling_factor > 1:
+                order_of_magnitude = 0.7
+            scaling_factor = max(scaling_factor, 0.55)
+            scaled_sigma_c = sigma_c * (scaling_factor**order_of_magnitude)
+            scaled_tau_c = tau_c * (scaling_factor**order_of_magnitude)
+            return (sigma / scaled_sigma_c) ** fn + (tau / scaled_tau_c) ** fm
+
+        if envelope_method == "schottner":
+            sigma_y = 2000
+            scaled_sigma_c = sigma_y * 13 * (density / RHO_ICE) ** order_of_magnitude
+            scaled_tau_c = tau_c * (scaled_sigma_c / sigma_c)
+            return (sigma / scaled_sigma_c) ** fn + (tau / scaled_tau_c) ** fm
+
+        if envelope_method == "mede_s-RG1":
+            p0, tau_T, p_T = 7.00, 3.53, 1.49
+            results = mede_common_calculations(sigma, tau, p0, tau_T, p_T)
+            return results
+
+        if envelope_method == "mede_s-RG2":
+            p0, tau_T, p_T = 2.33, 1.22, 0.19
+            results = mede_common_calculations(sigma, tau, p0, tau_T, p_T)
+            return results
+
+        if envelope_method == "mede_s-FCDH":
+            p0, tau_T, p_T = 1.45, 0.61, 0.17
+            results = mede_common_calculations(sigma, tau, p0, tau_T, p_T)
+            return results
+
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid envelope type: {envelope_method}")
+
+    def evaluate_coupled_criterion(
+        self,
+        system: SystemModel,
+        max_iterations: int = 25,
+        damping_ERR: float = 0.0,
+        tolerance_ERR: float = 0.002,
+        tolerance_stress: float = 0.005,
+        print_call_stats: bool = False,
+        _recursion_depth: int = 0,
+    ) -> CoupledCriterionResult:
+        """
+        Evaluates the coupled criterion for anticrack nucleation, finding the
+        critical combination of skier weight and anticrack length.
+
+        Parameters:
+        ----------
+        system: SystemModel
+            The system model.
+        max_iterations: int
+            Max iterations for the solver. Defaults to 25.
+        damping_ERR: float
+            damping factor for the ERR criterion. Defaults to 0.0.
+        tolerance_ERR: float, optional
+            Tolerance for g_delta convergence. Defaults to 0.002.
+        tolerance_stress: float, optional
+            Tolerance for stress envelope convergence. Defaults to 0.005.
+        print_call_stats: bool
+            Whether to print the call statistics. Defaults to False.
+        _recursion_depth: int
+            The depth of the recursion. Defaults to 0.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        results: CoupledCriterionResult
+            An object containing the results of the analysis, including
+            critical skier weight, crack length, and convergence details.
+        """
+        logger.info("Starting coupled criterion evaluation.")
+        L = system.scenario.L
+        weak_layer = system.weak_layer
+
+        logger.info("Finding minimum force...")
+        force_finding_start = time.time()
+
+        force_result = self.find_minimum_force(
+            system, tolerance_stress=tolerance_stress, print_call_stats=print_call_stats
+        )
+        initial_critical_skier_weight = force_result.critical_skier_weight
+        max_dist_stress = force_result.max_dist_stress
+        min_dist_stress = force_result.min_dist_stress
+        logger.info(
+            "Minimum force finding took %.4f seconds.",
+            time.time() - force_finding_start,
+        )
+
+        analyzer = Analyzer(system, printing_enabled=print_call_stats)
+        # --- Failure: in finding the critical skier weight ---
+        if not force_result.success:
+            logger.warning("No critical skier weight found")
+            analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics"
+            )
+            return CoupledCriterionResult(
+                converged=False,
+                message="Failed to find critical skier weight.",
+                self_collapse=False,
+                pure_stress_criteria=False,
+                critical_skier_weight=0,
+                initial_critical_skier_weight=0,
+                crack_length=0,
+                g_delta=0,
+                dist_ERR_envelope=1,
+                iterations=0,
+                history=None,
+                final_system=system,
+                max_dist_stress=0,
+                min_dist_stress=0,
+            )
+
+        # --- Exception: the entire solution is cracked ---
+        if min_dist_stress > 1:
+            logger.info("The entire solution is cracked.")
+            # --- Larger scenario to calculate the incremental ERR ---
+            segments = copy.deepcopy(system.scenario.segments)
+            for segment in segments:
+                segment.has_foundation = False
+            # Add 50m of padding to the left and right of the system
+            segments.insert(0, Segment(length=50000, has_foundation=True, m=0))
+            segments.append(Segment(length=50000, has_foundation=True, m=0))
+            system.update_scenario(segments=segments)
+
+            inc_energy = analyzer.incremental_ERR(unit="J/m^2")
+            g_delta = self.fracture_toughness_envelope(
+                inc_energy[1], inc_energy[2], system.weak_layer
+            )
+
+            history_data = CoupledCriterionHistory([], [], [], [], [], [])
+            analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics"
+            )
+            return CoupledCriterionResult(
+                converged=True,
+                message="System fails under its own weight (self-collapse).",
+                self_collapse=True,
+                pure_stress_criteria=False,
+                critical_skier_weight=0,
+                initial_critical_skier_weight=initial_critical_skier_weight,
+                crack_length=L,
+                g_delta=g_delta,
+                dist_ERR_envelope=0,
+                iterations=0,
+                history=history_data,
+                final_system=system,
+                max_dist_stress=max_dist_stress,
+                min_dist_stress=min_dist_stress,
+            )
+
+        # --- Main loop ---
+        crack_length = 1.0
+        dist_ERR_envelope = 1000
+        g_delta = 0
+        history = CoupledCriterionHistory([], [], [], [], [], [])
+        iteration_count = 0
+        skier_weight = initial_critical_skier_weight * 1.005
+        min_skier_weight = 1e-6
+        max_skier_weight = 200
+
+        # Ensure Max Weight surpasses fracture toughness criterion
+        max_weight_g_delta = 0
+        while max_weight_g_delta < 1:
+            max_skier_weight = max_skier_weight * 2
+
+            segments = [
+                Segment(length=L / 2 - crack_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0),
+                Segment(
+                    length=crack_length / 2,
+                    has_foundation=False,
+                    m=max_skier_weight,
+                ),
+                Segment(length=crack_length / 2, has_foundation=False, m=0),
+                Segment(length=L / 2 - crack_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0),
+            ]
+
+            system.update_scenario(segments=segments)
+
+            # Calculate fracture toughness criterion
+            incr_energy = analyzer.incremental_ERR(unit="J/m^2")
+            max_weight_g_delta = self.fracture_toughness_envelope(
+                incr_energy[1], incr_energy[2], weak_layer
+            )
+            dist_ERR_envelope = abs(max_weight_g_delta - 1)
+
+        logger.info("Max weight to look at: %.2f kg", max_skier_weight)
+        segments = [
+            Segment(
+                length=L / 2 - crack_length / 2,
+                has_foundation=True,
+                m=0.0,
+            ),
+            Segment(length=crack_length / 2, has_foundation=False, m=skier_weight),
+            Segment(length=crack_length / 2, has_foundation=False, m=0),
+            Segment(length=L / 2 - crack_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0),
+        ]
+
+        while (
+            abs(dist_ERR_envelope) > tolerance_ERR
+            and iteration_count < max_iterations
+            and any(s.has_foundation for s in segments)
+        ):
+            iteration_count += 1
+            iter_start_time = time.time()
+            logger.info(
+                "Starting iteration %d of coupled criterion evaluation.",
+                iteration_count,
+            )
+
+            system.update_scenario(segments=segments)
+            _, z, _ = analyzer.rasterize_solution(mode="uncracked", num=2000)
+
+            # Calculate stress envelope
+            sigma_kPa = system.fq.sig(z, unit="kPa")
+            tau_kPa = system.fq.tau(z, unit="kPa")
+            stress_env = self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, system.weak_layer)
+            max_dist_stress = np.max(stress_env)
+            min_dist_stress = np.min(stress_env)
+
+            # Calculate fracture toughness criterion
+            incr_energy = analyzer.incremental_ERR(unit="J/m^2")
+            g_delta = self.fracture_toughness_envelope(
+                incr_energy[1], incr_energy[2], weak_layer
+            )
+            dist_ERR_envelope = abs(g_delta - 1)
+
+            # Update history
+            history.skier_weights.append(skier_weight)
+            history.crack_lengths.append(crack_length)
+            history.incr_energies.append(incr_energy)
+            history.g_deltas.append(g_delta)
+            history.dist_maxs.append(max_dist_stress)
+            history.dist_mins.append(min_dist_stress)
+
+            # --- Exception: pure stress criterion ---
+            # The fracture toughness is superseded for minimum critical skier weight
+            if iteration_count == 1 and (g_delta > 1 or dist_ERR_envelope < 0.02):
+                analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                    message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics"
+                )
+                return CoupledCriterionResult(
+                    converged=True,
+                    message="Fracture governed by pure stress criterion.",
+                    self_collapse=False,
+                    pure_stress_criteria=True,
+                    critical_skier_weight=skier_weight,
+                    initial_critical_skier_weight=initial_critical_skier_weight,
+                    crack_length=crack_length,
+                    g_delta=g_delta,
+                    dist_ERR_envelope=dist_ERR_envelope,
+                    iterations=iteration_count,
+                    history=history,
+                    final_system=system,
+                    max_dist_stress=max_dist_stress,
+                    min_dist_stress=min_dist_stress,
+                )
+
+            # Update skier weight boundaries
+            if g_delta < 1:
+                min_skier_weight = skier_weight
+            else:
+                max_skier_weight = skier_weight
+
+            # Update skier weight
+            new_skier_weight = (min_skier_weight + max_skier_weight) / 2
+
+            # Apply damping to avoid oscillation around goal
+            if np.abs(dist_ERR_envelope) < 0.5 and damping_ERR > 0:
+                scaling = (damping_ERR + 1 + (new_skier_weight / skier_weight)) / (
+                    damping_ERR + 2
+                )
+            else:
+                scaling = 1
+
+            # Find new anticrack length
+            if abs(dist_ERR_envelope) > tolerance_ERR:
+                skier_weight = scaling * new_skier_weight
+                crack_length, segments = self.find_crack_length_for_weight(
+                    system, skier_weight
+                )
+            logger.info("New skier weight: %.2f kg", skier_weight)
+            logger.info(
+                "Iteration %d took %.4f seconds.",
+                iteration_count,
+                time.time() - iter_start_time,
+            )
+
+        if iteration_count < max_iterations and any(s.has_foundation for s in segments):
+            logger.info("No Exception encountered - Converged successfully.")
+            if crack_length > 0:
+                analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                    message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics"
+                )
+                return CoupledCriterionResult(
+                    converged=True,
+                    message="No Exception encountered - Converged successfully.",
+                    self_collapse=False,
+                    pure_stress_criteria=False,
+                    critical_skier_weight=skier_weight,
+                    initial_critical_skier_weight=initial_critical_skier_weight,
+                    crack_length=crack_length,
+                    g_delta=g_delta,
+                    dist_ERR_envelope=dist_ERR_envelope,
+                    iterations=iteration_count,
+                    history=history,
+                    final_system=system,
+                    max_dist_stress=max_dist_stress,
+                    min_dist_stress=min_dist_stress,
+                )
+            if _recursion_depth < 5:
+                logger.info("Reached max damping without converging.")
+                analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                    message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics"
+                )
+                return self.evaluate_coupled_criterion(
+                    system,
+                    damping_ERR=damping_ERR + 1,
+                    tolerance_ERR=tolerance_ERR,
+                    tolerance_stress=tolerance_stress,
+                    _recursion_depth=_recursion_depth + 1,
+                )
+            analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics"
+            )
+            return CoupledCriterionResult(
+                converged=False,
+                message="Reached max damping without converging.",
+                self_collapse=False,
+                pure_stress_criteria=False,
+                critical_skier_weight=0,
+                initial_critical_skier_weight=initial_critical_skier_weight,
+                crack_length=crack_length,
+                g_delta=g_delta,
+                dist_ERR_envelope=dist_ERR_envelope,
+                iterations=iteration_count,
+                history=history,
+                final_system=system,
+                max_dist_stress=max_dist_stress,
+                min_dist_stress=min_dist_stress,
+            )
+        if not any(s.has_foundation for s in segments):
+            analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics"
+            )
+            return CoupledCriterionResult(
+                converged=False,
+                message="Reached max iterations without converging.",
+                self_collapse=False,
+                pure_stress_criteria=False,
+                critical_skier_weight=0,
+                initial_critical_skier_weight=initial_critical_skier_weight,
+                crack_length=0,
+                g_delta=0,
+                dist_ERR_envelope=1,
+                iterations=iteration_count,
+                history=history,
+                final_system=system,
+                max_dist_stress=max_dist_stress,
+                min_dist_stress=min_dist_stress,
+            )
+        analyzer.print_call_stats(message="evaluate_coupled_criterion Call Statistics")
+        return self.evaluate_coupled_criterion(
+            system,
+            damping_ERR=damping_ERR + 1,
+            tolerance_ERR=tolerance_ERR,
+            tolerance_stress=tolerance_stress,
+            _recursion_depth=_recursion_depth + 1,
+        )
+
+    def evaluate_SSERR(
+        self,
+        system: SystemModel,
+        vertical: bool = False,
+        print_call_stats: bool = False,
+    ) -> SSERRResult:
+        """
+        Evaluates the Touchdown Distance in the Steady State and the Steady State
+        Energy Release Rate.
+
+        Parameters:
+        -----------
+        system: SystemModel
+            The system model.
+        vertical: bool, optional
+            Whether to evaluate the system in a vertical configuration.
+            Defaults to False.
+        print_call_stats: bool, optional
+            Whether to print the call statistics. Defaults to False.
+
+        IMPORTANT: There is a bug in vertical = True, so always slope normal,
+        i.e. vertical=False should be used.
+        """
+        if vertical:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "vertical=True mode is currently buggy — results may be invalid. "
+                "Please set vertical=False until this is fixed.",
+                UserWarning,
+            )
+        system_copy = copy.deepcopy(system)
+        system_copy.config.touchdown = True
+        system_copy.update_scenario(scenario_config=ScenarioConfig(phi=0.0))
+        l_BC = system.slab_touchdown.l_BC
+
+        segments = [
+            Segment(length=5e3, has_foundation=True, m=0.0),
+            Segment(length=2 * l_BC, has_foundation=False, m=0.0),
+        ]
+        scenario_config = ScenarioConfig(
+            system_type="vpst-" if vertical else "pst-",
+            phi=0.0,  # Slab Touchdown works only for flat slab
+            cut_length=2 * l_BC,
+        )
+        # system_copy.config.touchdown = True
+        system_copy.update_scenario(segments=segments, scenario_config=scenario_config)
+        touchdown_distance = system_copy.slab_touchdown.touchdown_distance
+        analyzer = Analyzer(system_copy, printing_enabled=print_call_stats)
+        G, _, _ = analyzer.differential_ERR(unit="J/m^2")
+        return SSERRResult(
+            converged=True,
+            message="SSERR evaluation successful.",
+            touchdown_distance=touchdown_distance,
+            SSERR=G,
+        )
+
+    def find_minimum_force(
+        self,
+        system: SystemModel,
+        tolerance_stress: float = 0.0005,
+        print_call_stats: bool = False,
+    ) -> FindMinimumForceResult:
+        """
+        Finds the minimum skier weight required to surpass the stress failure envelope.
+
+        This method iteratively adjusts the skier weight until the maximum distance
+        to the stress envelope converges to 1, indicating the critical state.
+
+        Parameters:
+        -----------
+        system: SystemModel
+            The system model.
+        tolerance_stress: float, optional
+            Tolerance for the stress envelope. Defaults to 0.005.
+        print_call_stats: bool, optional
+            Whether to print the call statistics. Defaults to False.
+
+        Returns:
+        --------
+        results: FindMinimumForceResult
+            An object containing the results of the analysis, including
+            critical skier weight, and convergence details.
+        """
+        logger.info("Start: Find Minimum force to surpass Stress Env.")
+        old_segments = copy.deepcopy(system.scenario.segments)
+        total_length = system.scenario.L
+        analyzer = Analyzer(system, printing_enabled=print_call_stats)
+
+        # --- Initial uncracked configuration ---
+        segments = [
+            Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0.0),
+            Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0.0),
+        ]
+        system.update_scenario(segments=segments)
+        _, z_skier, _ = analyzer.rasterize_solution(mode="uncracked", num=2000)
+        sigma_kPa = system.fq.sig(z_skier, unit="kPa")
+        tau_kPa = system.fq.tau(z_skier, unit="kPa")
+        max_dist_stress = np.max(
+            self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, system.weak_layer)
+        )
+        min_dist_stress = np.min(
+            self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, system.weak_layer)
+        )
+
+        # --- Early Exit: entire domain is cracked ---
+        if min_dist_stress >= 1:
+            analyzer.print_call_stats(
+                message="min_dist_stress >= 1 in find_minimum_force Call Statistics"
+            )
+            return FindMinimumForceResult(
+                success=True,
+                critical_skier_weight=0.0,
+                new_segments=segments,
+                old_segments=old_segments,
+                iterations=0,
+                max_dist_stress=max_dist_stress,
+                min_dist_stress=min_dist_stress,
+            )
+
+        def stress_envelope_residual(skier_weight: float, system: SystemModel) -> float:
+            logger.info("Eval. Stress Envelope for weight %.2f kg.", skier_weight)
+            segments = [
+                Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=skier_weight),
+                Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0.0),
+            ]
+            system.update_scenario(segments=segments)
+            _, z_skier, _ = analyzer.rasterize_solution(mode="cracked", num=2000)
+            sigma_kPa = system.fq.sig(z_skier, unit="kPa")
+            tau_kPa = system.fq.tau(z_skier, unit="kPa")
+            max_dist = np.max(
+                self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, system.weak_layer)
+            )
+            return max_dist - 1
+
+        # Now do root finding with brentq
+        def root_fn(weight):
+            return stress_envelope_residual(weight, system)
+
+        # Search interval
+        w_min = 0.0
+        w_max = 300.0
+        while True:
+            try:
+                critical_weight = brentq(root_fn, w_min, w_max, xtol=tolerance_stress)
+                break
+            except ValueError as exc:
+                w_max = w_max * 2
+                if w_max > 10000:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "No sign change found in [w_min, w_max]. Cannot use brentq."
+                    ) from exc
+
+        # Final evaluation
+        logger.info("Final evaluation for skier weight %.2f kg.", critical_weight)
+        system.update_scenario(
+            segments=[
+                Segment(
+                    length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=critical_weight
+                ),
+                Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0.0),
+            ]
+        )
+        _, z_skier, _ = analyzer.rasterize_solution(mode="cracked", num=2000)
+        sigma_kPa = system.fq.sig(z_skier, unit="kPa")
+        tau_kPa = system.fq.tau(z_skier, unit="kPa")
+        max_dist_stress = np.max(
+            self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, system.weak_layer)
+        )
+        min_dist_stress = np.min(
+            self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, system.weak_layer)
+        )
+
+        analyzer.print_call_stats(message="find_minimum_force Call Statistics")
+        return FindMinimumForceResult(
+            success=True,
+            critical_skier_weight=critical_weight,
+            new_segments=copy.deepcopy(system.scenario.segments),
+            old_segments=old_segments,
+            iterations=None,
+            max_dist_stress=max_dist_stress,
+            min_dist_stress=min_dist_stress,
+        )
+
+    def find_minimum_crack_length(
+        self,
+        system: SystemModel,
+        search_interval: tuple[float, float] | None = None,
+        target: float = 1,
+    ) -> tuple[float, list[Segment]]:
+        """
+        Finds the minimum crack length required to surpass the energy release rate envelope.
+
+        Parameters:
+        -----------
+        system: SystemModel
+            The system model.
+
+        Returns:
+        --------
+        minimum_crack_length: float
+            The minimum crack length required to surpass the energy release rate envelope [mm]
+        new_segments: list[Segment]
+            The updated list of segments
+        """
+        old_segments = copy.deepcopy(system.scenario.segments)
+
+        if search_interval is None:
+            a = 0
+            b = system.scenario.L / 2
+        else:
+            a, b = search_interval
+        logger.info("Interval for crack length search: %s, %s", a, b)
+        logger.info(
+            "Calculation of fracture toughness envelope: %s, %s",
+            self._fracture_toughness_exceedance(a, system),
+            self._fracture_toughness_exceedance(b, system),
+        )
+
+        # Use root_scalar to find the root
+        result = root_scalar(
+            self._fracture_toughness_exceedance,
+            args=(system, target),
+            bracket=[a, b],  # Interval where the root is expected
+            method="brentq",  # Brent's method
+        )
+
+        new_segments = system.scenario.segments
+
+        system.update_scenario(segments=old_segments)
+
+        if result.converged:
+            return result.root, new_segments
+        logger.error("Root search did not converge.")
+        return 0.0, new_segments
+
+    def check_crack_self_propagation(
+        self,
+        system: SystemModel,
+        rm_skier_weight: bool = False,
+    ) -> tuple[float, bool]:
+        """
+        Evaluates whether a crack will propagate without any additional load.
+        This method determines if a pre-existing crack will propagate without any
+        additional load.
+
+        Parameters:
+        ----------
+        system: SystemModel
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        g_delta_diff: float
+            The evaluation of the fracture toughness envelope.
+        can_propagate: bool
+            True if the criterion is met (g_delta_diff >= 1).
+        """
+        logger.info("Checking for self-propagation of pre-existing crack.")
+        new_system = copy.deepcopy(system)
+        logger.debug("Segments: %s", new_system.scenario.segments)
+
+        start_time = time.time()
+        # No skier weight is applied for self-propagation check
+        if rm_skier_weight:
+            for seg in new_system.scenario.segments:
+                seg.m = 0
+        new_system.update_scenario(segments=new_system.scenario.segments)
+
+        analyzer = Analyzer(new_system)
+        diff_energy = analyzer.differential_ERR(unit="J/m^2")
+        G_I = diff_energy[1]
+        G_II = diff_energy[2]
+
+        # Evaluate the fracture toughness criterion
+        g_delta_diff = self.fracture_toughness_envelope(
+            G_I, G_II, new_system.weak_layer
+        )
+        can_propagate = g_delta_diff >= 1
+        logger.info(
+            "Self-propagation check finished in %.4f seconds. Result: "
+            "g_delta_diff=%.4f, can_propagate=%s",
+            time.time() - start_time,
+            g_delta_diff,
+            can_propagate,
+        )
+
+        return g_delta_diff, bool(can_propagate)
+
+    def find_crack_length_for_weight(
+        self,
+        system: SystemModel,
+        skier_weight: float,
+    ) -> tuple[float, list[Segment]]:
+        """
+        Finds the resulting anticrack length and updated segment configurations
+        for a given skier weight.
+
+        Parameters:
+        -----------
+        system: SystemModel
+            The system model.
+        skier_weight: float
+            The weight of the skier [kg]
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        new_crack_length: float
+            The total length of the new cracked segments [mm]
+        new_segments: list[Segment]
+            The updated list of segments
+        """
+        logger.info(
+            "Finding new anticrack length for skier weight %.2f kg.", skier_weight
+        )
+        start_time = time.time()
+        total_length = system.scenario.L
+        weak_layer = system.weak_layer
+
+        old_segments = copy.deepcopy(system.scenario.segments)
+
+        initial_segments = [
+            Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=skier_weight),
+            Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0),
+        ]
+        system.update_scenario(segments=initial_segments)
+
+        analyzer = Analyzer(system)
+        _, z, _ = analyzer.rasterize_solution(mode="cracked", num=2000)
+        sigma_kPa = system.fq.sig(z, unit="kPa")
+        tau_kPa = system.fq.tau(z, unit="kPa")
+        min_dist_stress = np.min(self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, weak_layer))
+
+        # Find all points where the stress envelope is crossed
+        crossings_start_time = time.time()
+        roots = self._find_stress_envelope_crossings(system, weak_layer)
+        logger.info(
+            "Finding stress envelope crossings took %.4f seconds.",
+            time.time() - crossings_start_time,
+        )
+
+        # --- Standard case: if roots exist ---
+        if len(roots) > 0:
+            # Reconstruct segments based on the roots
+            midpoint_load_application = total_length / 2
+            segment_boundaries = sorted(
+                list(set([0] + roots + [midpoint_load_application] + [total_length]))
+            )
+            new_segments = []
+
+            for i in range(len(segment_boundaries) - 1):
+                start = segment_boundaries[i]
+                end = segment_boundaries[i + 1]
+                midpoint = (start + end) / 2
+
+                # Check stress at the midpoint of the new potential segment
+                # to determine if it's cracked (has_foundation=False)
+                mid_sigma, mid_tau = self._calculate_sigma_tau_at_x(midpoint, system)
+                stress_check = self.stress_envelope(
+                    np.array([mid_sigma]), np.array([mid_tau]), weak_layer
+                )[0]
+
+                has_foundation = stress_check <= 1
+
+                # Re-apply the skier weight to the correct new segment
+                m = skier_weight if i == 1 else 0
+
+                new_segments.append(
+                    Segment(length=end - start, has_foundation=has_foundation, m=m)
+                )
+
+            # Consolidate mass onto one segment if it was split
+            mass_segments = [s for s in new_segments if s.m > 0]
+            if len(mass_segments) > 1:
+                for s in mass_segments[1:]:
+                    s.m = 0
+
+            new_crack_length = sum(
+                seg.length for seg in new_segments if not seg.has_foundation
+            )
+
+            logger.info(
+                "Finished finding new anticrack length in %.4f seconds. New length: %.2f mm.",
+                time.time() - start_time,
+                new_crack_length,
+            )
+
+        # --- Exception: the entire domain is cracked ---
+        elif min_dist_stress > 1:
+            # The entire domain is cracked
+            new_segments = [
+                Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=False, m=skier_weight),
+                Segment(length=total_length / 2, has_foundation=False, m=0),
+            ]
+            new_crack_length = total_length
+
+        elif not roots:
+            # No part of the slab is cracked
+            new_crack_length = 0
+            new_segments = initial_segments
+
+        system.update_scenario(segments=old_segments)
+
+        return new_crack_length, new_segments
+
+    def _calculate_sigma_tau_at_x(
+        self, x_value: float, system: SystemModel
+    ) -> tuple[float, float]:
+        """Calculate normal and shear stresses at a given horizontal x-coordinate."""
+        # Get the segment index and coordinate within the segment
+        segment_index = system.scenario.get_segment_idx(x_value)
+
+        start_of_segment = (
+            system.scenario.cum_sum_li[segment_index - 1] if segment_index > 0 else 0
+        )
+        coordinate_in_segment = x_value - start_of_segment
+
+        # Get the constants for the segment
+        C = system.unknown_constants[:, [segment_index]]
+        li_segment = system.scenario.li[segment_index]
+        phi = system.scenario.phi
+        has_foundation = system.scenario.ki[segment_index]
+
+        # Calculate the displacement field
+        Z = system.z(
+            coordinate_in_segment, C, li_segment, phi, has_foundation=has_foundation
+        )
+
+        # Calculate the stresses
+        tau = -system.fq.tau(Z, unit="kPa")  # Negated to match sign convention
+        sigma = system.fq.sig(Z, unit="kPa")
+
+        return sigma, tau
+
+    def _get_stress_envelope_exceedance(
+        self, x_value: float, system: SystemModel, weak_layer: WeakLayer
+    ) -> float:
+        """
+        Objective function for the root finder.
+        Returns the stress envelope evaluation minus 1.
+        """
+        sigma, tau = self._calculate_sigma_tau_at_x(x_value, system)
+        return (
+            self.stress_envelope(
+                np.array([sigma]), np.array([tau]), weak_layer=weak_layer
+            )[0]
+            - 1
+        )
+
+    def _find_stress_envelope_crossings(
+        self, system: SystemModel, weak_layer: WeakLayer
+    ) -> list[float]:
+        """
+        Finds the exact x-coordinates where the stress envelope is crossed.
+        """
+        logger.debug("Finding stress envelope crossings.")
+        start_time = time.time()
+        analyzer = Analyzer(system)
+        x_coords, z, _ = analyzer.rasterize_solution(mode="cracked", num=2000)
+
+        sigma_kPa = system.fq.sig(z, unit="kPa")
+        tau_kPa = system.fq.tau(z, unit="kPa")
+
+        # Calculate the discrete distance to failure
+        dist_to_stress_envelope = (
+            self.stress_envelope(sigma_kPa, tau_kPa, weak_layer=weak_layer) - 1
+        )
+
+        # Find indices where the envelope function transitions
+        transition_indices = np.where(np.diff(np.sign(dist_to_stress_envelope)))[0]
+
+        # Find root candidates from transitions
+        root_candidates = []
+        for idx in transition_indices:
+            x_left = x_coords[idx]
+            x_right = x_coords[idx + 1]
+            root_candidates.append((x_left, x_right))
+
+        # Search for roots within the identified candidates
+        roots = []
+        logger.debug(
+            "Found %d potential crossing regions. Finding exact roots.",
+            len(root_candidates),
+        )
+        roots_start_time = time.time()
+        for x_left, x_right in root_candidates:
+            try:
+                root_result = root_scalar(
+                    self._get_stress_envelope_exceedance,
+                    args=(system, weak_layer),
+                    bracket=[x_left, x_right],
+                    method="brentq",
+                )
+                if root_result.converged:
+                    roots.append(root_result.root)
+            except ValueError:
+                # This can happen if the signs at the bracket edges are not opposite.
+                # It's safe to ignore in this context.
+                pass
+        logger.debug("Root finding took %.4f seconds.", time.time() - roots_start_time)
+        logger.info(
+            "Found %d stress envelope crossings in %.4f seconds.",
+            len(roots),
+            time.time() - start_time,
+        )
+        return roots
+
+    def _fracture_toughness_exceedance(
+        self, crack_length: float, system: SystemModel, target: float = 1
+    ) -> float:
+        """
+        Objective function to evaluate the fracture toughness function.
+        """
+        length = system.scenario.L
+        segments = [
+            Segment(length=length / 2 - crack_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0),
+            Segment(length=crack_length / 2, has_foundation=False, m=0),
+            Segment(length=crack_length / 2, has_foundation=False, m=0),
+            Segment(length=length / 2 - crack_length / 2, has_foundation=True, m=0),
+        ]
+        system.update_scenario(segments=segments)
+
+        analyzer = Analyzer(system)
+        diff_energy = analyzer.differential_ERR(unit="J/m^2")
+        G_I = diff_energy[1]
+        G_II = diff_energy[2]
+
+        # Evaluate the fracture toughness function (boundary is equal to 1)
+        g_delta_diff = self.fracture_toughness_envelope(G_I, G_II, system.weak_layer)
+
+        # Return the difference from the target
+        return g_delta_diff - target