wandb 0.18.6__py3-none-any.whl → 0.19.0__py3-none-any.whl

wandb/sdk/wandb_settings.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import collections.abc
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import configparser
-import enum
 import getpass
 import json
 import logging
@@ -12,1026 +12,517 @@ import shutil
 import socket
 import sys
 import tempfile
-import time
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 from datetime import datetime
-from distutils.util import strtobool
-from functools import reduce
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Callable,
-    Dict,
-    FrozenSet,
-    ItemsView,
-    Iterable,
-    Mapping,
-    Optional,
-    Sequence,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    Union,
-    no_type_check,
-)
-from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, urlencode, urlparse, urlsplit
+from typing import Any, Literal, Sequence
+from urllib.parse import quote, unquote, urlencode
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+    from typing import Self
+else:
+    from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from google.protobuf.wrappers_pb2 import BoolValue, DoubleValue, Int32Value, StringValue
+from pydantic import (
+    BaseModel,
+    ConfigDict,
+    Field,
+    computed_field,
+    field_validator,
+    model_validator,
+)
+from pydantic_core import SchemaValidator, core_schema
 
 import wandb
-import wandb.env
-from wandb import util
+from wandb import env, termwarn, util
 from wandb.apis.internal import Api
 from wandb.errors import UsageError
 from wandb.proto import wandb_settings_pb2
-from wandb.sdk.internal.system.env_probe_helpers import is_aws_lambda
-from wandb.sdk.lib import credentials, filesystem
-from wandb.sdk.lib._settings_toposort_generated import SETTINGS_TOPOLOGICALLY_SORTED
-from wandb.sdk.lib.run_moment import RunMoment
-from wandb.sdk.wandb_setup import _EarlyLogger
 
-from .lib import apikey, ipython
+from .lib import apikey, credentials, filesystem, ipython
 from .lib.gitlib import GitRepo
+from .lib.run_moment import RunMoment
 from .lib.runid import generate_id
 
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
-    from typing import get_args, get_origin, get_type_hints
-else:
-    from typing_extensions import get_args, get_origin, get_type_hints
-
 
-class SettingsPreprocessingError(UsageError):
-    """Raised when the value supplied to a wandb.Settings() setting does not pass preprocessing."""
+def _path_convert(*args: str) -> str:
+    """Join path and apply os.path.expanduser to it."""
+    return os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*args))
 
 
-class SettingsValidationError(UsageError):
-    """Raised when the value supplied to a wandb.Settings() setting does not pass validation."""
-
-
-class SettingsUnexpectedArgsError(UsageError):
-    """Raised when unexpected arguments are passed to wandb.Settings()."""
-
-
-def _get_wandb_dir(root_dir: str) -> str:
-    """Get the full path to the wandb directory.
-
-    The setting exposed to users as `dir=` or `WANDB_DIR` is the `root_dir`.
-    We add the `__stage_dir__` to it to get the full `wandb_dir`
-    """
-    # We use the hidden version if it already exists, otherwise non-hidden.
-    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(root_dir, ".wandb")):
-        __stage_dir__ = ".wandb" + os.sep
-    else:
-        __stage_dir__ = "wandb" + os.sep
-
-    path = os.path.join(root_dir, __stage_dir__)
-    if not os.access(root_dir or ".", os.W_OK):
-        wandb.termwarn(
-            f"Path {path} wasn't writable, using system temp directory.",
-            repeat=False,
-        )
-        path = os.path.join(tempfile.gettempdir(), __stage_dir__ or ("wandb" + os.sep))
-
-    return os.path.expanduser(path)
-
-
-def _str_as_bool(val: Union[str, bool]) -> bool:
-    """Parse a string as a bool."""
-    if isinstance(val, bool):
-        return val
-    try:
-        ret_val = bool(strtobool(str(val)))
-        return ret_val
-    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
-        pass
-
-    raise UsageError(f"Could not parse value {val} as a bool.")
-
-
-def _str_as_json(val: Union[str, Dict[str, Any]]) -> Any:
-    """Parse a string as a json object."""
-    if not isinstance(val, str):
-        return val
-    try:
-        return json.loads(val)
-    except (AttributeError, ValueError):
-        pass
-
-    raise UsageError(f"Could not parse value {val} as JSON.")
-
-
-def _str_as_tuple(val: Union[str, Sequence[str]]) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
-    """Parse a (potentially comma-separated) string as a tuple."""
-    if isinstance(val, str):
-        return tuple(val.split(","))
-    return tuple(val)
-
-
-def _datetime_as_str(val: Union[datetime, str]) -> str:
-    """Parse a datetime object as a string."""
-    if isinstance(val, datetime):
-        return datetime.strftime(val, "%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
-    return val
-
-
-def _redact_dict(
-    d: Dict[str, Any],
-    unsafe_keys: Union[Set[str], FrozenSet[str]] = frozenset({"api_key"}),
-    redact_str: str = "***REDACTED***",
-) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-    """Redact a dict of unsafe values specified by their key."""
-    if not d or unsafe_keys.isdisjoint(d):
-        return d
-    safe_dict = d.copy()
-    safe_dict.update({k: redact_str for k in unsafe_keys.intersection(d)})
-    return safe_dict
-
-
-def _get_program() -> Optional[str]:
-    program = os.getenv(wandb.env.PROGRAM)
-    if program is not None:
-        return program
-    try:
-        import __main__
-
-        if __main__.__spec__ is None:
-            return __main__.__file__
-        # likely run as `python -m ...`
-        return f"-m {__main__.__spec__.name}"
-    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
-        return None
-
-
-def _runmoment_preprocessor(val: Any) -> Optional[RunMoment]:
-    if isinstance(val, RunMoment) or val is None:
-        return val
-    elif isinstance(val, str):
-        return RunMoment.from_uri(val)
-    raise UsageError(f"Could not parse value {val} as a RunMoment.")
-
-
-def _get_program_relpath(
-    program: str, root: Optional[str] = None, _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None
-) -> Optional[str]:
-    if not program:
-        if _logger is not None:
-            _logger.warning("Empty program passed to get_program_relpath")
-        return None
-
-    root = root or os.getcwd()
-    if not root:
-        return None
+class Settings(BaseModel, validate_assignment=True):
+    """Settings for the W&B SDK."""
 
-    full_path_to_program = os.path.join(
-        root, os.path.relpath(os.getcwd(), root), program
+    # Pydantic configuration.
+    model_config = ConfigDict(
+        extra="forbid",  # throw an error if extra fields are provided
+        # validate_default=True,  # validate default values
     )
-    if os.path.exists(full_path_to_program):
-        relative_path = os.path.relpath(full_path_to_program, start=root)
-        if "../" in relative_path:
-            if _logger is not None:
-                _logger.warning(f"Could not save program above cwd: {program}")
-            return None
-        return relative_path
 
-    if _logger is not None:
-        _logger.warning(f"Could not find program at {program}")
-    return None
-
-
-def is_instance_recursive(obj: Any, type_hint: Any) -> bool:  # noqa: C901
-    if type_hint is Any:
-        return True
-
-    origin = get_origin(type_hint)
-    args = get_args(type_hint)
-
-    if origin is None:
-        return isinstance(obj, type_hint)
-
-    if origin is Union:
-        return any(is_instance_recursive(obj, arg) for arg in args)
-
-    if issubclass(origin, collections.abc.Mapping):
-        if not isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
-            return False
-        key_type, value_type = args
-
-        for key, value in obj.items():
-            if not is_instance_recursive(key, key_type) or not is_instance_recursive(
-                value, value_type
-            ):
-                return False
-
-        return True
-
-    if issubclass(origin, collections.abc.Sequence):
-        if not isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Sequence) or isinstance(
-            obj, (str, bytes, bytearray)
-        ):
-            return False
-
-        if len(args) == 1 and args[0] != ...:
-            (item_type,) = args
-            for item in obj:
-                if not is_instance_recursive(item, item_type):
-                    return False
-        elif len(args) == 2 and args[-1] == ...:
-            item_type = args[0]
-            for item in obj:
-                if not is_instance_recursive(item, item_type):
-                    return False
-        elif len(args) == len(obj):
-            for item, item_type in zip(obj, args):
-                if not is_instance_recursive(item, item_type):
-                    return False
-        else:
-            return False
-
-        return True
-
-    if issubclass(origin, collections.abc.Set):
-        if not isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Set):
-            return False
-
-        (item_type,) = args
-        for item in obj:
-            if not is_instance_recursive(item, item_type):
-                return False
-
-        return True
-
-    return False
-
-
-@enum.unique
-class Source(enum.IntEnum):
-    OVERRIDE: int = 0
-    BASE: int = 1  # todo: audit this
-    ORG: int = 2
-    ENTITY: int = 3
-    PROJECT: int = 4
-    USER: int = 5
-    SYSTEM: int = 6
-    WORKSPACE: int = 7
-    ENV: int = 8
-    SETUP: int = 9
-    LOGIN: int = 10
-    INIT: int = 11
-    SETTINGS: int = 12
-    ARGS: int = 13
-    RUN: int = 14
-
-
-ConsoleValue = {
-    "auto",
-    "off",
-    "wrap",
-    "redirect",
-    # internal console states
-    "wrap_raw",
-    "wrap_emu",
-}
-
-
-@dataclass()
-class SettingsData:
-    """Settings for the W&B SDK."""
-
-    _args: Sequence[str]
-    _aws_lambda: bool
-    _cli_only_mode: bool  # Avoid running any code specific for runs
-    _code_path_local: str
-    _colab: bool
-    # _config_dict: Config
-    _cuda: str
-    _disable_meta: bool  # Do not collect system metadata
-    _disable_service: (
-        bool  # Disable wandb-service, spin up internal process the old way
+    # Public settings.
+
+    # Flag to allow table artifacts to be synced in offline mode.
+    #
+    # To revert to the old behavior, set this to False.
+    allow_offline_artifacts: bool = True
+    allow_val_change: bool = False
+    anonymous: Literal["allow", "must", "never"] | None = None
+    # The W&B API key.
+    api_key: str | None = None
+    azure_account_url_to_access_key: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    # The URL of the W&B backend, used for GraphQL and filestream operations.
+    base_url: str = "https://api.wandb.ai"
+    code_dir: str | None = None
+    config_paths: Sequence[str] | None = None
+    # The type of console capture to be applied. Possible values are:
+    #  "auto" - Automatically selects the console capture method based on the
+    #   system environment and settings.
+    #
+    #   "off" - Disables console capture.
+    #
+    #   "redirect" - Redirects low-level file descriptors for capturing output.
+    #
+    #   "wrap" - Overrides the write methods of sys.stdout/sys.stderr. Will be
+    #   mapped to either "wrap_raw" or "wrap_emu" based on the state of the system.
+    #
+    #   "wrap_raw" - Same as "wrap" but captures raw output directly instead of
+    #   through an emulator.
+    #
+    #   "wrap_emu" - Same as "wrap" but captures output through an emulator.
+    console: Literal["auto", "off", "wrap", "redirect", "wrap_raw", "wrap_emu"] = Field(
+        default="auto",
+        validate_default=True,
     )
-    _disable_setproctitle: bool  # Do not use setproctitle on internal process
-    _disable_stats: bool  # Do not collect system metrics
-    _disable_update_check: bool  # Disable version check
-    _disable_viewer: bool  # Prevent early viewer query
-    _disable_machine_info: bool  # Disable automatic machine info collection
-    _executable: str
-    _extra_http_headers: Mapping[str, str]
-    _file_stream_max_bytes: int  # max size for filestream requests in core
-    _file_stream_transmit_interval: float  # tx interval for filestream requests in core
-    # file stream retry client configuration
-    _file_stream_retry_max: int  # max number of retries
-    _file_stream_retry_wait_min_seconds: float  # min wait time between retries
-    _file_stream_retry_wait_max_seconds: float  # max wait time between retries
-    _file_stream_timeout_seconds: float  # timeout for individual HTTP requests
-    # file transfer retry client configuration
-    _file_transfer_retry_max: int
-    _file_transfer_retry_wait_min_seconds: float
-    _file_transfer_retry_wait_max_seconds: float
-    _file_transfer_timeout_seconds: float
-    _flow_control_custom: bool
-    _flow_control_disabled: bool
-    # graphql retry client configuration
-    _graphql_retry_max: int
-    _graphql_retry_wait_min_seconds: float
-    _graphql_retry_wait_max_seconds: float
-    _graphql_timeout_seconds: float
-    _internal_check_process: float
-    _internal_queue_timeout: float
-    _ipython: bool
-    _jupyter: bool
-    _jupyter_name: str
-    _jupyter_path: str
-    _jupyter_root: str
-    _kaggle: bool
-    _live_policy_rate_limit: int
-    _live_policy_wait_time: int
-    _log_level: int
-    _network_buffer: int
-    _noop: bool
-    _notebook: bool
-    _offline: bool
-    _sync: bool
-    _os: str
-    _platform: str
-    _proxies: Mapping[
-        str, str
-    ]  # custom proxy servers for the requests to W&B [scheme -> url]
-    _python: str
-    _runqueue_item_id: str
-    _require_legacy_service: bool
-    _save_requirements: bool
-    _service_transport: str
-    _service_wait: float
-    _shared: bool
-    _start_datetime: str
-    _start_time: float
-    _stats_pid: int  # (internal) base pid for system stats
-    _stats_sampling_interval: float  # sampling interval for system stats
-    _stats_sample_rate_seconds: float  # badly-named sampling interval, deprecated
-    _stats_samples_to_average: (
-        int  # number of samples to average before reporting, deprecated
+    # Whether to produce multipart console log files.
+    console_multipart: bool = False
+    # Path to file for writing temporary access tokens.
+    credentials_file: str = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: str(credentials.DEFAULT_WANDB_CREDENTIALS_FILE)
     )
-    _stats_join_assets: (
-        bool  # join metrics from different assets before sending to backend
+    # Whether to disable code saving.
+    disable_code: bool = False
+    # Whether to disable capturing the git state.
+    disable_git: bool = False
+    # Whether to disable the creation of a job artifact for W&B Launch.
+    disable_job_creation: bool = True
+    # The Docker image used to execute the script.
+    docker: str | None = None
+    # The email address of the user.
+    email: str | None = None
+    # The W&B entity, like a user or a team.
+    entity: str | None = None
+    force: bool = False
+    fork_from: RunMoment | None = None
+    git_commit: str | None = None
+    git_remote: str = "origin"
+    git_remote_url: str | None = None
+    git_root: str | None = None
+    heartbeat_seconds: int = 30
+    host: str | None = None
+    # The custom proxy servers for http requests to W&B.
+    http_proxy: str | None = None
+    # The custom proxy servers for https requests to W&B.
+    https_proxy: str | None = None
+    # Path to file containing an identity token (JWT) for authentication.
+    identity_token_file: str | None = None
+    # Unix glob patterns relative to `files_dir` to not upload.
+    ignore_globs: tuple[str, ...] = ()
+    init_timeout: float = 90.0
+    job_name: str | None = None
+    job_source: Literal["repo", "artifact", "image"] | None = None
+    label_disable: bool = False
+    launch: bool = False
+    launch_config_path: str | None = None
+    login_timeout: float | None = None
+    mode: Literal["online", "offline", "dryrun", "disabled", "run", "shared"] = Field(
+        default="online",
+        validate_default=True,
     )
-    _stats_neuron_monitor_config_path: (
-        str  # path to place config file for neuron-monitor (AWS Trainium)
+    notebook_name: str | None = None
+    # Path to the script that created the run, if available.
+    program: str | None = None
+    # The absolute path from the root repository directory to the script that
+    # created the run.
+    #
+    # Root repository directory is defined as the directory containing the
+    # .git directory, if it exists. Otherwise, it's the current working directory.
+    program_abspath: str | None = None
+    program_relpath: str | None = None
+    # The W&B project ID.
+    project: str | None = None
+    quiet: bool = False
+    reinit: bool = False
+    relogin: bool = False
+    # Specifies the resume behavior for the run. The available options are:
+    #
+    #   "must": Resumes from an existing run with the same ID. If no such run exists,
+    #   it will result in failure.
+    #
+    #   "allow": Attempts to resume from an existing run with the same ID. If none is
+    #   found, a new run will be created.
+    #
+    #   "never": Always starts a new run. If a run with the same ID already exists,
+    #   it will result in failure.
+    #
+    #   "auto": Automatically resumes from the most recent failed run on the same
+    #   machine.
+    resume: Literal["allow", "must", "never", "auto"] | None = None
+    resume_from: RunMoment | None = None
+    # Indication from the server about the state of the run.
+    #
+    # This is different from resume, a user provided flag.
+    resumed: bool = False
+    # The root directory that will be used to derive other paths,
+    # such as the wandb directory, and the run directory.
+    root_dir: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: os.path.abspath(os.getcwd()))
+    run_group: str | None = None
+    # The ID of the run.
+    run_id: str | None = None
+    run_job_type: str | None = None
+    run_name: str | None = None
+    run_notes: str | None = None
+    run_tags: tuple[str, ...] | None = None
+    sagemaker_disable: bool = False
+    save_code: bool | None = None
+    settings_system: str = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: _path_convert(
+            os.path.join("~", ".config", "wandb", "settings")
+        )
+    )
+    show_colors: bool | None = None
+    show_emoji: bool | None = None
+    show_errors: bool = True
+    show_info: bool = True
+    show_warnings: bool = True
+    silent: bool = False
+    start_method: str | None = None
+    strict: bool | None = None
+    summary_timeout: int = 60
+    summary_warnings: int = 5  # TODO: kill this with fire
+    sweep_id: str | None = None
+    sweep_param_path: str | None = None
+    symlink: bool = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: False if platform.system() == "Windows" else True
     )
-    _stats_open_metrics_endpoints: Mapping[str, str]  # open metrics endpoint names/urls
-    # open metrics filters in one of the two formats:
+    sync_tensorboard: bool | None = None
+    table_raise_on_max_row_limit_exceeded: bool = False
+    username: str | None = None
+
+    # Internal settings.
+    #
+    # These are typically not meant to be set by the user and should not be considered
+    # a part of the public API as they may change or be removed in future versions.
+
+    # CLI mode.
+    x_cli_only_mode: bool = False
+    # Disable the collection of system metadata.
+    x_disable_meta: bool = False
+    # Pre-wandb-core, this setting was used to disable the (now legacy) wandb service.
+    #
+    # TODO: this is deprecated and will be removed in future versions.
+    x_disable_service: bool = False
+    # Do not use setproctitle for internal process in legacy service.
+    x_disable_setproctitle: bool = False
+    # Disable system metrics collection.
+    x_disable_stats: bool = False
+    # Disable check for latest version of wandb, from PyPI.
+    x_disable_update_check: bool = False
+    # Prevent early viewer query.
+    x_disable_viewer: bool = False
+    # Disable automatic machine info collection.
+    x_disable_machine_info: bool = False
+    # Python executable
+    x_executable: str | None = None
+    # Additional headers to add to all outgoing HTTP requests.
+    x_extra_http_headers: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    # An approximate maximum request size for the filestream API.
+    #
+    # This applies when wandb-core is enabled. Its purpose is to prevent
+    # HTTP requests from failing due to containing too much data.
+    #
+    # This number is approximate: requests will be slightly larger.
+    x_file_stream_max_bytes: int | None = None
+    # Max line length for filestream jsonl files.
+    x_file_stream_max_line_bytes: int | None = None
+    # Interval in seconds between filestream transmissions.
+    x_file_stream_transmit_interval: float | None = None
+    # Filestream retry client configuration.
+    # max number of retries
+    x_file_stream_retry_max: int | None = None
+    # min wait time between retries
+    x_file_stream_retry_wait_min_seconds: float | None = None
+    # max wait time between retries
+    x_file_stream_retry_wait_max_seconds: float | None = None
+    # timeout for individual HTTP requests
+    x_file_stream_timeout_seconds: float | None = None
+    # file transfer retry client configuration
+    x_file_transfer_retry_max: int | None = None
+    x_file_transfer_retry_wait_min_seconds: float | None = None
+    x_file_transfer_retry_wait_max_seconds: float | None = None
+    x_file_transfer_timeout_seconds: float | None = None
+    # override setting for the computed files_dir
+    x_files_dir: str | None = None
+    # flow control configuration for file stream
+    x_flow_control_custom: bool | None = None
+    x_flow_control_disabled: bool | None = None
+    # graphql retry client configuration
+    x_graphql_retry_max: int | None = None
+    x_graphql_retry_wait_min_seconds: float | None = None
+    x_graphql_retry_wait_max_seconds: float | None = None
+    x_graphql_timeout_seconds: float | None = None
+    x_internal_check_process: float = 8.0
+    x_jupyter_name: str | None = None
+    x_jupyter_path: str | None = None
+    x_jupyter_root: str | None = None
+    # Label to assign to system metrics and console logs collected for the run
+    # to group by on the frontend. Can be used to distinguish data from different
+    # nodes in a distributed training job.
+    x_label: str | None = None
+    x_live_policy_rate_limit: int | None = None
+    x_live_policy_wait_time: int | None = None
+    x_log_level: int = logging.INFO
+    x_network_buffer: int | None = None
+    # Determines whether to save internal wandb files and metadata.
+    # In a distributed setting, this is useful for avoiding file overwrites on secondary nodes
+    # when only system metrics and logs are needed, as the primary node handles the main logging.
+    x_primary_node: bool = True
+    # [deprecated, use http(s)_proxy] custom proxy servers for the requests to W&B
+    # [scheme -> url].
+    x_proxies: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    x_runqueue_item_id: str | None = None
+    x_require_legacy_service: bool = False
+    x_save_requirements: bool = True
+    x_service_transport: str | None = None
+    x_service_wait: float = 30.0
+    x_show_operation_stats: bool = False
+    # The start time of the run in seconds since the Unix epoch.
+    x_start_time: float | None = None
+    # PID of the process that started the wandb-core process to collect system stats for.
+    x_stats_pid: int = os.getpid()
+    # Sampling interval for the system monitor in seconds.
+    x_stats_sampling_interval: float = Field(default=10.0)
+    # Path to store the default config file for the neuron-monitor tool
+    # used to monitor AWS Trainium devices.
+    x_stats_neuron_monitor_config_path: str | None = None
+    # Open metrics endpoint names and urls.
+    x_stats_open_metrics_endpoints: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    # Filter to apply to metrics collected from OpenMetrics endpoints.
+    # Supports two formats:
     # - {"metric regex pattern, including endpoint name as prefix": {"label": "label value regex pattern"}}
     # - ("metric regex pattern 1", "metric regex pattern 2", ...)
-    _stats_open_metrics_filters: Union[Sequence[str], Mapping[str, Mapping[str, str]]]
-    _stats_disk_paths: Sequence[str]  # paths to monitor disk usage
-    _stats_buffer_size: int  # number of consolidated samples to buffer before flushing, available in run obj
-    _tmp_code_dir: str
-    _tracelog: str
-    _unsaved_keys: Sequence[str]
-    _windows: bool
-    _show_operation_stats: bool
-    allow_val_change: bool
-    anonymous: str
-    api_key: str
-    azure_account_url_to_access_key: Dict[str, str]
-    base_url: str  # The base url for the wandb api
-    code_dir: str
-    colab_url: str
-    config_paths: Sequence[str]
-    console: str
-    console_multipart: bool  # whether to produce multipart console log files
-    credentials_file: str  # file path to write access tokens
-    deployment: str
-    disable_code: bool
-    disable_git: bool
-    disable_hints: bool
-    disable_job_creation: bool
-    disabled: bool  # Alias for mode=dryrun, not supported yet
-    docker: str
-    email: str
-    entity: str
-    files_dir: str
-    force: bool
-    fork_from: RunMoment
-    resume_from: RunMoment
-    git_commit: str
-    git_remote: str
-    git_remote_url: str
-    git_root: str
-    heartbeat_seconds: int
-    host: str
-    http_proxy: str  # proxy server for the http requests to W&B
-    https_proxy: str  # proxy server for the https requests to W&B
-    identity_token_file: str  # file path to supply a jwt for authentication
-    ignore_globs: Tuple[str]
-    init_timeout: float
-    is_local: bool
-    job_name: str
-    job_source: str
-    label_disable: bool
-    launch: bool
-    launch_config_path: str
-    log_dir: str
-    log_internal: str
-    log_symlink_internal: str
-    log_symlink_user: str
-    log_user: str
-    login_timeout: float
-    # magic: Union[str, bool, dict]  # never used in code, deprecated
-    mode: str
-    notebook_name: str
-    program: str
-    program_abspath: str
-    program_relpath: str
-    project: str
-    project_url: str
-    quiet: bool
-    reinit: bool
-    relogin: bool
-    # todo: add a preprocessing step to convert this to string
-    resume: Union[str, bool]
-    resume_fname: str
-    resumed: bool  # indication from the server about the state of the run (different from resume - user provided flag)
-    root_dir: str
-    run_group: str
-    run_id: str
-    run_job_type: str
-    run_mode: str
-    run_name: str
-    run_notes: str
-    run_tags: Tuple[str]
-    run_url: str
-    sagemaker_disable: bool
-    save_code: bool
-    settings_system: str
-    settings_workspace: str
-    show_colors: bool
-    show_emoji: bool
-    show_errors: bool
-    show_info: bool
-    show_warnings: bool
-    silent: bool
-    start_method: str
-    strict: bool
-    summary_errors: int
-    summary_timeout: int
-    summary_warnings: int
-    sweep_id: str
-    sweep_param_path: str
-    sweep_url: str
-    symlink: bool
-    sync_dir: str
-    sync_file: str
-    sync_symlink_latest: str
-    table_raise_on_max_row_limit_exceeded: bool
-    timespec: str
-    tmp_dir: str
-    username: str
-    wandb_dir: str
-
-
-class Property:
-    """A class to represent attributes (individual settings) of the Settings object.
-
-    - Encapsulates the logic of how to preprocess and validate values of settings
-    throughout the lifetime of a class instance.
-    - Allows for runtime modification of settings with hooks, e.g. in the case when
-    a setting depends on another setting.
-    - The update() method is used to update the value of a setting.
-    - The `is_policy` attribute determines the source priority when updating the property value.
-    E.g. if `is_policy` is True, the smallest `Source` value takes precedence.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(  # pylint: disable=unused-argument
-        self,
-        name: str,
-        value: Optional[Any] = None,
-        preprocessor: Union[Callable, Sequence[Callable], None] = None,
-        # validators allow programming by contract
-        validator: Union[Callable, Sequence[Callable], None] = None,
-        # runtime converter (hook): properties can be e.g. tied to other properties
-        hook: Union[Callable, Sequence[Callable], None] = None,
-        # always apply hook even if value is None. can be used to replace @property's
-        auto_hook: bool = False,
-        is_policy: bool = False,
-        frozen: bool = False,
-        source: int = Source.BASE,
-        **kwargs: Any,
-    ):
-        self.name = name
-        self._preprocessor = preprocessor
-        self._validator = validator
-        self._hook = hook
-        self._auto_hook = auto_hook
-        self._is_policy = is_policy
-        self._source = source
-
-        # preprocess and validate value
-        self._value = self._validate(self._preprocess(value))
-
-        self.__frozen = frozen
+    x_stats_open_metrics_filters: dict[str, dict[str, str]] | Sequence[str] | None = (
+        None
+    )
+    # HTTP headers to add to OpenMetrics requests.
+    x_stats_open_metrics_http_headers: dict[str, str] | None = None
+    # System paths to monitor for disk usage.
+    x_stats_disk_paths: Sequence[str] | None = Field(
+        default_factory=lambda: ("/", "/System/Volumes/Data")
+        if platform.system() == "Darwin"
+        else ("/",)
+    )
+    # Number of system metric samples to buffer in memory in the wandb-core process.
+    # Can be accessed via run._system_metrics.
+    x_stats_buffer_size: int = 0
+    # Flag to indicate whether we are syncing a run from the transaction log.
+    x_sync: bool = False
+    # Controls whether this process can update the run's final state (finished/failed) on the server.
+    # Set to False in distributed training when only the main process should determine the final state.
+    x_update_finish_state: bool = True
+
+    # Model validator to catch legacy settings.
+    @model_validator(mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def catch_private_settings(cls, values):
+        """Check if a private field is provided and assign to the corrsponding public one.
+
+        This is a compatibility layer to handle previous versions of the settings.
+        """
+        new_values = {}
+        for key in values:
+            # Internal settings are prefixed with "x_" instead of "_"
+            # as Pydantic does not allow "_" in field names.
+            if key.startswith("_"):
+                new_values["x" + key] = values[key]
+            else:
+                new_values[key] = values[key]
+        return new_values
 
-    @property
-    def value(self) -> Any:
-        """Apply the runtime modifier(s) (if any) and return the value."""
-        _value = self._value
-        if (_value is not None or self._auto_hook) and self._hook is not None:
-            _hook = [self._hook] if callable(self._hook) else self._hook
-            for h in _hook:
-                _value = h(_value)
-        return _value
+    @model_validator(mode="after")
+    def validate_mutual_exclusion_of_branching_args(self) -> Self:
+        if (
+            sum(
+                o is not None
+                for o in [
+                    self.fork_from,
+                    self.resume,
+                    self.resume_from,
+                ]
+            )
+            > 1
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "`fork_from`, `resume`, or `resume_from` are mutually exclusive. "
+                "Please specify only one of them."
+            )
+        return self
 
-    @property
-    def is_policy(self) -> bool:
-        return self._is_policy
+    # Field validators.
 
-    @property
-    def source(self) -> int:
-        return self._source
-
-    def _preprocess(self, value: Any) -> Any:
-        if value is not None and self._preprocessor is not None:
-            _preprocessor = (
-                [self._preprocessor]
-                if callable(self._preprocessor)
-                else self._preprocessor
+    @field_validator("x_disable_service", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_disable_service(cls, value):
+        if value:
+            termwarn(
+                "Disabling the wandb service is deprecated as of version 0.18.0 "
+                "and will be removed in future versions. ",
+                repeat=False,
             )
-            for p in _preprocessor:
-                try:
-                    value = p(value)
-                except Exception:
-                    raise SettingsPreprocessingError(
-                        f"Unable to preprocess value for property {self.name}: {value}."
-                    )
         return value
 
-    def _validate(self, value: Any) -> Any:
-        if value is not None and self._validator is not None:
-            _validator = (
-                [self._validator] if callable(self._validator) else self._validator
-            )
-            for v in _validator:
-                if not v(value):
-                    # failed validation will likely cause a downstream error
-                    # when trying to convert to protobuf, so we raise a hard error
-                    raise SettingsValidationError(
-                        f"Invalid value for property {self.name}: {value}."
-                    )
+    @field_validator("api_key", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_api_key(cls, value):
+        if value is not None and (len(value) > len(value.strip())):
+            raise UsageError("API key cannot start or end with whitespace")
         return value
 
-    def update(self, value: Any, source: int = Source.OVERRIDE) -> None:
-        """Update the value of the property."""
-        if self.__frozen:
-            raise TypeError("Property object is frozen")
-        # - always update value if source == Source.OVERRIDE
-        # - if not previously overridden:
-        #   - update value if source is lower than or equal to current source and property is policy
-        #   - update value if source is higher than or equal to current source and property is not policy
-        if (
-            (source == Source.OVERRIDE)
-            or (
-                self._is_policy
-                and self._source != Source.OVERRIDE
-                and source <= self._source
-            )
-            or (
-                not self._is_policy
-                and self._source != Source.OVERRIDE
-                and source >= self._source
+    @field_validator("base_url", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_base_url(cls, value):
+        cls.validate_url(value)
+        # wandb.ai-specific checks
+        if re.match(r".*wandb\.ai[^\.]*$", value) and "api." not in value:
+            # user might guess app.wandb.ai or wandb.ai is the default cloud server
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"{value} is not a valid server address, did you mean https://api.wandb.ai?"
             )
+        elif re.match(r".*wandb\.ai[^\.]*$", value) and not value.startswith("https"):
+            raise ValueError("http is not secure, please use https://api.wandb.ai")
+        return value.rstrip("/")
+
+    @field_validator("console", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_console(cls, value, info):
+        if value != "auto":
+            return value
+        if (
+            ipython.in_jupyter()
+            or (info.data.get("start_method") == "thread")
+            or not info.data.get("disable_service")
+            or platform.system() == "Windows"
         ):
-            # self.__dict__["_value"] = self._validate(self._preprocess(value))
-            self._value = self._validate(self._preprocess(value))
-            self._source = source
-
-    def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
-        if "_Property__frozen" in self.__dict__ and self.__frozen:
-            raise TypeError(f"Property object {self.name} is frozen")
-        if key == "value":
-            raise AttributeError("Use update() to update property value")
-        self.__dict__[key] = value
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.value!r}" if isinstance(self.value, str) else f"{self.value}"
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        return (
-            f"<Property {self.name}: value={self.value} "
-            f"_value={self._value} source={self._source} is_policy={self._is_policy}>"
-        )
-        # return f"<Property {self.name}: value={self.value}>"
-        # return self.__dict__.__repr__()
+            value = "wrap"
+        else:
+            value = "redirect"
+        return value
 
+    @field_validator("x_file_stream_max_line_bytes", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_file_stream_max_line_bytes(cls, value):
+        if value is not None and value < 1:
+            raise ValueError("File stream max line bytes must be greater than 0")
+        return value
 
-class Settings(SettingsData):
-    """Settings for the W&B SDK."""
+    @field_validator("fork_from", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_fork_from(cls, value, info) -> RunMoment | None:
+        run_moment = cls._runmoment_preprocessor(value)
+        if run_moment and info.data.get("run_id") == run_moment.run:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Provided `run_id` is the same as the run to `fork_from`. "
+                "Please provide a different `run_id` or remove the `run_id` argument. "
+                "If you want to rewind the current run, please use `resume_from` instead."
+            )
+        return run_moment
 
-    def _default_props(self) -> Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]:
-        """Initialize instance attributes (individual settings) as Property objects.
+    @field_validator("http_proxy", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_http_proxy(cls, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        cls.validate_url(value)
+        return value.rstrip("/")
 
-        Helper method that is used in `__init__` together with the class attributes.
-        Note that key names must be the same as the class attribute names.
-        """
-        props: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = dict(
-            _aws_lambda={
-                "hook": lambda _: is_aws_lambda(),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _code_path_local={
-                "hook": lambda _: _get_program_relpath(self.program),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _colab={
-                "hook": lambda _: "google.colab" in sys.modules,
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _disable_machine_info={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_bool,
-            },
-            _disable_meta={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_bool,
-                "hook": lambda x: self._disable_machine_info or x,
-            },
-            _disable_service={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": self._process_disable_service,
-                "is_policy": True,
-            },
-            _disable_setproctitle={"value": False, "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            _disable_stats={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_bool,
-                "hook": lambda x: self._disable_machine_info or x,
-            },
-            _disable_update_check={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            _disable_viewer={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            _extra_http_headers={"preprocessor": _str_as_json},
-            _file_stream_max_bytes={"preprocessor": int},
-            _file_stream_transmit_interval={"preprocessor": float},
-            _file_stream_retry_max={"preprocessor": int},
-            _file_stream_retry_wait_min_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _file_stream_retry_wait_max_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _file_stream_timeout_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _file_transfer_retry_max={"preprocessor": int},
-            _file_transfer_retry_wait_min_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _file_transfer_retry_wait_max_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _file_transfer_timeout_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _flow_control_disabled={
-                "hook": lambda _: self._network_buffer == 0,
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _flow_control_custom={
-                "hook": lambda _: bool(self._network_buffer),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _graphql_retry_max={"preprocessor": int},
-            _graphql_retry_wait_min_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _graphql_retry_wait_max_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _graphql_timeout_seconds={"preprocessor": float},
-            _internal_check_process={"value": 8, "preprocessor": float},
-            _internal_queue_timeout={"value": 2, "preprocessor": float},
-            _ipython={
-                "hook": lambda _: ipython.in_ipython(),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _jupyter={
-                "hook": lambda _: ipython.in_jupyter(),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _kaggle={"hook": lambda _: util._is_likely_kaggle(), "auto_hook": True},
-            _log_level={"value": logging.DEBUG},
-            _network_buffer={"preprocessor": int},
-            _noop={"hook": lambda _: self.mode == "disabled", "auto_hook": True},
-            _notebook={
-                "hook": lambda _: self._ipython
-                or self._jupyter
-                or self._colab
-                or self._kaggle,
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _offline={
-                "hook": (
-                    lambda _: True
-                    if self.disabled or (self.mode in ("dryrun", "offline"))
-                    else False
-                ),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _platform={"value": util.get_platform_name()},
-            _proxies={
-                # TODO: deprecate and ask the user to use http_proxy and https_proxy instead
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_json,
-            },
-            _require_legacy_service={"value": False, "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            _save_requirements={"value": True, "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            _service_wait={
-                "value": 30,
-                "preprocessor": float,
-                "validator": self._validate__service_wait,
-            },
-            _shared={
-                "hook": lambda _: self.mode == "shared",
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _start_datetime={"preprocessor": _datetime_as_str},
-            _stats_sampling_interval={
-                "value": 10.0,
-                "preprocessor": float,
-                "validator": self._validate__stats_sampling_interval,
-            },
-            _stats_sample_rate_seconds={
-                "value": 2.0,
-                "preprocessor": float,
-                "validator": self._validate__stats_sample_rate_seconds,
-            },
-            _stats_samples_to_average={
-                "value": 15,
-                "preprocessor": int,
-                "validator": self._validate__stats_samples_to_average,
-            },
-            _stats_join_assets={"value": True, "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            _stats_neuron_monitor_config_path={
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(x),
-            },
-            _stats_open_metrics_endpoints={
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_json,
-            },
-            _stats_open_metrics_filters={
-                # capture all metrics on all endpoints by default
-                "value": (".*",),
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_json,
-            },
-            _stats_disk_paths={
-                "value": ("/",),
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_json,
-            },
-            _stats_buffer_size={
-                "value": 0,
-                "preprocessor": int,
-            },
-            _sync={"value": False},
-            _tmp_code_dir={
-                "value": "code",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.tmp_dir, x),
-            },
-            _windows={
-                "hook": lambda _: platform.system() == "Windows",
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            _show_operation_stats={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            anonymous={"validator": self._validate_anonymous},
-            api_key={"validator": self._validate_api_key},
-            base_url={
-                "value": "https://api.wandb.ai",
-                "preprocessor": lambda x: str(x).strip().rstrip("/"),
-                "validator": self._validate_base_url,
-            },
-            colab_url={
-                "hook": lambda _: self._get_colab_url(),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            config_paths={"preprocessor": _str_as_tuple},
-            console={
-                "value": "auto",
-                "validator": self._validate_console,
-                "hook": lambda x: self._convert_console(x),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            console_multipart={"value": False, "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            credentials_file={
-                "value": str(credentials.DEFAULT_WANDB_CREDENTIALS_FILE),
-                "preprocessor": str,
-            },
-            deployment={
-                "hook": lambda _: "local" if self.is_local else "cloud",
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            disable_code={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_bool,
-                "hook": lambda x: self._disable_machine_info or x,
-            },
-            disable_hints={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            disable_git={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_bool,
-                "hook": lambda x: self._disable_machine_info or x,
-            },
-            disable_job_creation={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_bool,
-                "hook": lambda x: self._disable_machine_info or x,
-            },
-            disabled={"value": False, "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            files_dir={
-                "value": "files",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(
-                    self.wandb_dir, f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}", x
-                ),
-            },
-            force={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            fork_from={
-                "value": None,
-                "preprocessor": _runmoment_preprocessor,
-            },
-            resume_from={
-                "value": None,
-                "preprocessor": _runmoment_preprocessor,
-            },
-            git_remote={"value": "origin"},
-            heartbeat_seconds={"value": 30},
-            http_proxy={
-                "hook": lambda x: self._proxies and self._proxies.get("http") or x,
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            https_proxy={
-                "hook": lambda x: self._proxies and self._proxies.get("https") or x,
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            identity_token_file={"value": None, "preprocessor": str},
-            ignore_globs={
-                "value": tuple(),
-                "preprocessor": lambda x: tuple(x) if not isinstance(x, tuple) else x,
-            },
-            init_timeout={"value": 90, "preprocessor": lambda x: float(x)},
-            is_local={
-                "hook": (
-                    lambda _: self.base_url != "https://api.wandb.ai"
-                    if self.base_url is not None
-                    else False
-                ),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            job_name={"preprocessor": str},
-            job_source={"validator": self._validate_job_source},
-            label_disable={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            launch={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            log_dir={
-                "value": "logs",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(
-                    self.wandb_dir, f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}", x
-                ),
-            },
-            log_internal={
-                "value": "debug-internal.log",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.log_dir, x),
-            },
-            log_symlink_internal={
-                "value": "debug-internal.log",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.wandb_dir, x),
-            },
-            log_symlink_user={
-                "value": "debug.log",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.wandb_dir, x),
-            },
-            log_user={
-                "value": "debug.log",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.log_dir, x),
-            },
-            login_timeout={"preprocessor": lambda x: float(x)},
-            mode={"value": "online", "validator": self._validate_mode},
-            program={
-                "hook": lambda x: self._get_program(x),
-            },
-            project={
-                "validator": self._validate_project,
-            },
-            project_url={"hook": lambda _: self._project_url(), "auto_hook": True},
-            quiet={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            reinit={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            relogin={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            # todo: hack to make to_proto() always happy
-            resume={"preprocessor": lambda x: None if x is False else x},
-            resume_fname={
-                "value": "wandb-resume.json",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.wandb_dir, x),
-            },
-            resumed={"value": "False", "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            root_dir={
-                "preprocessor": lambda x: str(x),
-                "value": os.path.abspath(os.getcwd()),
-            },
-            run_id={
-                "validator": self._validate_run_id,
-            },
-            run_mode={
-                "hook": lambda _: "offline-run" if self._offline else "run",
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            run_tags={
-                "preprocessor": lambda x: tuple(x) if not isinstance(x, tuple) else x,
-            },
-            run_url={"hook": lambda _: self._run_url(), "auto_hook": True},
-            sagemaker_disable={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            save_code={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            settings_system={
-                "value": os.path.join("~", ".config", "wandb", "settings"),
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(x),
-            },
-            settings_workspace={
-                "value": "settings",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.wandb_dir, x),
-            },
-            show_colors={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            show_emoji={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            show_errors={"value": "True", "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            show_info={"value": "True", "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            show_warnings={"value": "True", "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            silent={"value": "False", "preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            start_method={"validator": self._validate_start_method},
-            strict={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            summary_timeout={"value": 60, "preprocessor": lambda x: int(x)},
-            summary_warnings={
-                "value": 5,
-                "preprocessor": lambda x: int(x),
-                "is_policy": True,
-            },
-            sweep_url={"hook": lambda _: self._sweep_url(), "auto_hook": True},
-            symlink={"preprocessor": _str_as_bool},
-            sync_dir={
-                "hook": [
-                    lambda _: self._path_convert(
-                        self.wandb_dir, f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}"
-                    )
-                ],
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            sync_file={
-                "hook": lambda _: self._path_convert(
-                    self.sync_dir, f"run-{self.run_id}.wandb"
-                ),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            sync_symlink_latest={
-                "value": "latest-run",
-                "hook": lambda x: self._path_convert(self.wandb_dir, x),
-            },
-            table_raise_on_max_row_limit_exceeded={
-                "value": False,
-                "preprocessor": _str_as_bool,
-            },
-            timespec={
-                "hook": lambda _: self._start_datetime,
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-            tmp_dir={
-                "value": "tmp",
-                "hook": lambda x: (
-                    self._path_convert(
-                        self.wandb_dir,
-                        f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}",
-                        x,
-                    )
-                    or tempfile.gettempdir()
-                ),
-            },
-            wandb_dir={
-                "hook": lambda _: _get_wandb_dir(self.root_dir or ""),
-                "auto_hook": True,
-            },
-        )
-        return props
+    @field_validator("https_proxy", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_https_proxy(cls, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        cls.validate_url(value)
+        return value.rstrip("/")
 
-    # helper methods for validating values
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validator_factory(hint: Any) -> Callable[[Any], bool]:  # noqa: C901
-        """Return a factory for setting type validators."""
+    @field_validator("ignore_globs", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_ignore_globs(cls, value):
+        return tuple(value) if not isinstance(value, tuple) else value
 
-        def helper(value: Any) -> bool:
-            try:
-                is_valid = is_instance_recursive(value, hint)
-            except Exception:
-                # instance check failed, but let's not crash and only print a warning
-                is_valid = False
+    @field_validator("project", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_project(cls, value, info):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        invalid_chars_list = list("/\\#?%:")
+        if len(value) > 128:
+            raise UsageError(f"Invalid project name {value!r}: exceeded 128 characters")
+        invalid_chars = {char for char in invalid_chars_list if char in value}
+        if invalid_chars:
+            raise UsageError(
+                f"Invalid project name {value!r}: "
+                f"cannot contain characters {','.join(invalid_chars_list)!r}, "
+                f"found {','.join(invalid_chars)!r}"
+            )
+        return value
 
-            return is_valid
+    @field_validator("resume", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_resume(cls, value):
+        if value is False:
+            return None
+        if value is True:
+            return "auto"
+        return value
 
-        return helper
+    @field_validator("resume_from", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_resume_from(cls, value, info) -> RunMoment | None:
+        run_moment = cls._runmoment_preprocessor(value)
+        if run_moment and info.data.get("run_id") != run_moment.run:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Both `run_id` and `resume_from` have been specified with different ids."
+            )
+        return run_moment
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_mode(value: str) -> bool:
-        choices: Set[str] = {"dryrun", "run", "offline", "online", "disabled", "shared"}
-        if value not in choices:
-            raise UsageError(f"Settings field `mode`: {value!r} not in {choices}")
-        return True
+    @field_validator("run_id", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_run_id(cls, value, info):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_project(value: Optional[str]) -> bool:
-        invalid_chars_list = list("/\\#?%:")
-        if value is not None:
-            if len(value) > 128:
-                raise UsageError(
-                    f"Invalid project name {value!r}: exceeded 128 characters"
-                )
-            invalid_chars = {char for char in invalid_chars_list if char in value}
-            if invalid_chars:
-                raise UsageError(
-                    f"Invalid project name {value!r}: "
-                    f"cannot contain characters {','.join(invalid_chars_list)!r}, "
-                    f"found {','.join(invalid_chars)!r}"
-                )
-        return True
+        if len(value) == 0:
+            raise UsageError("Run ID cannot be empty")
+        if len(value) > len(value.strip()):
+            raise UsageError("Run ID cannot start or end with whitespace")
+        if not bool(value.strip()):
+            raise UsageError("Run ID cannot contain only whitespace")
+        return value
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_start_method(value: str) -> bool:
+    @field_validator("settings_system", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_settings_system(cls, value):
+        return _path_convert(value)
+
+    @field_validator("x_service_wait", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_service_wait(cls, value):
+        if value < 0:
+            raise UsageError("Service wait time cannot be negative")
+        return
+
+    @field_validator("start_method")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_start_method(cls, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return value
         available_methods = ["thread"]
         if hasattr(multiprocessing, "get_all_start_methods"):
             available_methods += multiprocessing.get_all_start_methods()
@@ -1039,251 +530,237 @@ class Settings(SettingsData):
             raise UsageError(
                 f"Settings field `start_method`: {value!r} not in {available_methods}"
             )
-        return True
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_console(value: str) -> bool:
-        choices = ConsoleValue
-        if value not in choices:
-            # do not advertise internal console states
-            choices -= {"wrap_emu", "wrap_raw"}
-            raise UsageError(f"Settings field `console`: {value!r} not in {choices}")
-        return True
+        return value
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_anonymous(value: str) -> bool:
-        choices: Set[str] = {"allow", "must", "never", "false", "true"}
-        if value not in choices:
-            raise UsageError(f"Settings field `anonymous`: {value!r} not in {choices}")
-        return True
+    @field_validator("x_stats_sampling_interval", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_stats_sampling_interval(cls, value):
+        if value < 0.1:
+            raise UsageError("Stats sampling interval cannot be less than 0.1 seconds")
+        return value
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_run_id(value: str) -> bool:
-        # if len(value) > len(value.strip()):
-        #     raise UsageError("Run ID cannot start or end with whitespace")
-        return bool(value.strip())
+    @field_validator("x_stats_open_metrics_endpoints", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_stats_open_metrics_endpoints(cls, value):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return json.loads(value)
+        return value
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_api_key(value: str) -> bool:
-        if len(value) > len(value.strip()):
-            raise UsageError("API key cannot start or end with whitespace")
+    @field_validator("x_stats_open_metrics_filters", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_stats_open_metrics_filters(cls, value):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return json.loads(value)
+        return value
 
-        # todo: move this check to the post-init validation step
-        # if value.startswith("local") and not self.is_local:
-        #     raise UsageError(
-        #         "Attempting to use a local API key to connect to https://api.wandb.ai"
-        #     )
-        # todo: move here the logic from sdk/lib/apikey.py
+    @field_validator("x_stats_open_metrics_http_headers", mode="before")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_stats_open_metrics_http_headers(cls, value):
+        if isinstance(value, str):
+            return json.loads(value)
+        return value
 
-        return True
+    @field_validator("sweep_id", mode="after")
+    @classmethod
+    def validate_sweep_id(cls, value):
+        if value is None:
+            return None
+        if len(value) == 0:
+            raise UsageError("Sweep ID cannot be empty")
+        if len(value) > len(value.strip()):
+            raise UsageError("Sweep ID cannot start or end with whitespace")
+        if not bool(value.strip()):
+            raise UsageError("Sweep ID cannot contain only whitespace")
+        return value
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_base_url(value: Optional[str]) -> bool:
-        """Validate the base url of the wandb server.
+    # Computed fields.
 
-        param value: URL to validate
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _args(self) -> list[str]:
+        if not self._jupyter:
+            return sys.argv[1:]
+        return []
 
-        Based on the Django URLValidator, but with a few additional checks.
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _aws_lambda(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if we are running in a lambda environment."""
+        from sentry_sdk.integrations.aws_lambda import (  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+            get_lambda_bootstrap,
+        )
 
-        Copyright (c) Django Software Foundation and individual contributors.
-        All rights reserved.
+        lambda_bootstrap = get_lambda_bootstrap()
+        if not lambda_bootstrap or not hasattr(
+            lambda_bootstrap, "handle_event_request"
+        ):
+            return False
+        return True
 
-        Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
-        are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _code_path_local(self) -> str | None:
+        """The relative path from the current working directory to the code path.
 
-            1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
-               this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+        For example, if the code path is /home/user/project/example.py, and the
+        current working directory is /home/user/project, then the code path local
+        is example.py.
 
-            2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-               notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-               documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+        If couldn't find the relative path, this will be an empty string.
+        """
+        return self._get_program_relpath(self.program) if self.program else None
 
-            3. Neither the name of Django nor the names of its contributors may be used
-               to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
-               specific prior written permission.
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _colab(self) -> bool:
+        return "google.colab" in sys.modules
 
-        THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
-        ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
-        WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
-        DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
-        ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
-        (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
-        LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
-        ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
-        (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
-        SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-        """
-        if value is None:
-            return True
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _ipython(self) -> bool:
+        return ipython.in_ipython()
 
-        ul = "\u00a1-\uffff"  # Unicode letters range (must not be a raw string).
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _jupyter(self) -> bool:
+        return ipython.in_jupyter()
 
-        # IP patterns
-        ipv4_re = (
-            r"(?:0|25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]?[0-9]?|[1-9][0-9]?)"
-            r"(?:\.(?:0|25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|1[0-9]?[0-9]?|[1-9][0-9]?)){3}"
-        )
-        ipv6_re = r"\[[0-9a-f:.]+\]"  # (simple regex, validated later)
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _kaggle(self) -> bool:
+        return util._is_likely_kaggle()
 
-        # Host patterns
-        hostname_re = (
-            r"[a-z" + ul + r"0-9](?:[a-z" + ul + r"0-9-]{0,61}[a-z" + ul + r"0-9])?"
-        )
-        # Max length for domain name labels is 63 characters per RFC 1034 sec. 3.1
-        domain_re = r"(?:\.(?!-)[a-z" + ul + r"0-9-]{1,63}(?<!-))*"
-        tld_re = (
-            r"\."  # dot
-            r"(?!-)"  # can't start with a dash
-            r"(?:[a-z" + ul + "-]{2,63}"  # domain label
-            r"|xn--[a-z0-9]{1,59})"  # or punycode label
-            r"(?<!-)"  # can't end with a dash
-            r"\.?"  # may have a trailing dot
-        )
-        # host_re = "(" + hostname_re + domain_re + tld_re + "|localhost)"
-        # todo?: allow hostname to be just a hostname (no tld)?
-        host_re = "(" + hostname_re + domain_re + f"({tld_re})?" + "|localhost)"
-
-        regex = re.compile(
-            r"^(?:[a-z0-9.+-]*)://"  # scheme is validated separately
-            r"(?:[^\s:@/]+(?::[^\s:@/]*)?@)?"  # user:pass authentication
-            r"(?:" + ipv4_re + "|" + ipv6_re + "|" + host_re + ")"
-            r"(?::[0-9]{1,5})?"  # port
-            r"(?:[/?#][^\s]*)?"  # resource path
-            r"\Z",
-            re.IGNORECASE,
-        )
-        schemes = {"http", "https"}
-        unsafe_chars = frozenset("\t\r\n")
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _noop(self) -> bool:
+        return self.mode == "disabled"
 
-        scheme = value.split("://")[0].lower()
-        split_url = urlsplit(value)
-        parsed_url = urlparse(value)
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _notebook(self) -> bool:
+        return self._ipython or self._jupyter or self._colab or self._kaggle
 
-        if re.match(r".*wandb\.ai[^\.]*$", value) and "api." not in value:
-            # user might guess app.wandb.ai or wandb.ai is the default cloud server
-            raise UsageError(
-                f"{value} is not a valid server address, did you mean https://api.wandb.ai?"
-            )
-        elif re.match(r".*wandb\.ai[^\.]*$", value) and scheme != "https":
-            raise UsageError("http is not secure, please use https://api.wandb.ai")
-        elif parsed_url.netloc == "":
-            raise UsageError(f"Invalid URL: {value}")
-        elif unsafe_chars.intersection(value):
-            raise UsageError("URL cannot contain unsafe characters")
-        elif scheme not in schemes:
-            raise UsageError("URL must start with `http(s)://`")
-        elif not regex.search(value):
-            raise UsageError(f"{value} is not a valid server address")
-        elif split_url.hostname is None or len(split_url.hostname) > 253:
-            raise UsageError("hostname is invalid")
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _offline(self) -> bool:
+        return self.mode in ("offline", "dryrun")
 
-        return True
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _os(self) -> str:
+        """The operating system of the machine running the script."""
+        return platform.platform(aliased=True)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _process_disable_service(value: Union[str, bool]) -> bool:
-        value = _str_as_bool(value)
-        if value:
-            wandb.termwarn(
-                "Disabling the wandb service is deprecated as of version 0.18.0 and will be removed in future versions. ",
-                repeat=False,
-            )
-        return value
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _platform(self) -> str:
+        return f"{platform.system()}-{platform.machine()}".lower()
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate__service_wait(value: float) -> bool:
-        if value <= 0:
-            raise UsageError("_service_wait must be a positive number")
-        return True
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _python(self) -> str:
+        return f"{platform.python_implementation()} {platform.python_version()}"
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate__stats_sampling_interval(value: float) -> bool:
-        if value < 0.1:
-            raise UsageError("sampling interval must be >= 0.1 seconds")
-        return True
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _shared(self) -> bool:
+        """Whether we are in shared mode.
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate__stats_sample_rate_seconds(value: float) -> bool:
-        if value < 0.1:
-            raise UsageError("_stats_sample_rate_seconds must be >= 0.1")
-        return True
+        In "shared" mode, multiple processes can write to the same run,
+        for example from different machines.
+        """
+        return self.mode == "shared"
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate__stats_samples_to_average(value: int) -> bool:
-        if value < 1 or value > 30:
-            raise UsageError("_stats_samples_to_average must be between 1 and 30")
-        return True
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _start_datetime(self) -> str:
+        if self.x_start_time is None:
+            return ""
+        datetime_now = datetime.fromtimestamp(self.x_start_time)
+        return datetime_now.strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _validate_job_source(value: str) -> bool:
-        valid_sources = ["repo", "artifact", "image"]
-        if value not in valid_sources:
-            raise UsageError(
-                f"Settings field `job_source`: {value!r} not in {valid_sources}"
-            )
-        return True
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _tmp_code_dir(self) -> str:
+        return _path_convert(
+            self.wandb_dir,
+            f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}",
+            "tmp",
+            "code",
+        )
 
-    # other helper methods
-    @staticmethod
-    def _path_convert(*args: str) -> str:
-        """Join path and apply os.path.expanduser to it."""
-        return os.path.expanduser(os.path.join(*args))
-
-    def _convert_console(self, console: str) -> str:
-        if console == "auto":
-            if (
-                self._jupyter
-                or (self.start_method == "thread")
-                or not self._disable_service
-                or self._windows
-            ):
-                console = "wrap"
-            else:
-                console = "redirect"
-        return console
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def _windows(self) -> bool:
+        return platform.system() == "Windows"
 
-    def _get_colab_url(self) -> Optional[str]:
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def colab_url(self) -> str | None:
+        """The URL to the Colab notebook, if running in Colab."""
         if not self._colab:
             return None
-        if self._jupyter_path and self._jupyter_path.startswith("fileId="):
-            unescaped = unquote(self._jupyter_path)
+        if self.x_jupyter_path and self.x_jupyter_path.startswith("fileId="):
+            unescaped = unquote(self.x_jupyter_path)
             return "https://colab.research.google.com/notebook#" + unescaped
         return None
 
-    def _get_program(self, program: Optional[str]) -> Optional[str]:
-        if program is not None and program != "<python with no main file>":
-            return program
-
-        if not self._jupyter:
-            return program
-
-        if self.notebook_name:
-            return self.notebook_name
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def deployment(self) -> Literal["local", "cloud"]:
+        return "local" if self.is_local else "cloud"
 
-        if not self._jupyter_path:
-            return program
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def files_dir(self) -> str:
+        """Absolute path to the local directory where the run's files are stored."""
+        return self.x_files_dir or _path_convert(
+            self.wandb_dir,
+            f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}",
+            "files",
+        )
 
-        if self._jupyter_path.startswith("fileId="):
-            return self._jupyter_name
-        else:
-            return self._jupyter_path
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def is_local(self) -> bool:
+        return str(self.base_url) != "https://api.wandb.ai"
 
-    def _get_url_query_string(self) -> str:
-        # TODO(settings) use `wandb_setting` (if self.anonymous != "true":)
-        if Api().settings().get("anonymous") != "true":
-            return ""
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def log_dir(self) -> str:
+        """The directory for storing log files."""
+        return _path_convert(
+            self.wandb_dir, f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}", "logs"
+        )
 
-        api_key = apikey.api_key(settings=self)
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def log_internal(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the file to use for internal logs."""
+        return _path_convert(self.log_dir, "debug-internal.log")
 
-        return f"?{urlencode({'apiKey': api_key})}"
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def log_symlink_internal(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the symlink to the internal log file of the most recent run."""
+        return _path_convert(self.wandb_dir, "debug-internal.log")
 
-    def _project_url_base(self) -> str:
-        if not all([self.entity, self.project]):
-            return ""
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def log_symlink_user(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the symlink to the user-process log file of the most recent run."""
+        return _path_convert(self.wandb_dir, "debug.log")
 
-        app_url = wandb.util.app_url(self.base_url)
-        return f"{app_url}/{quote(self.entity)}/{quote(self.project)}"
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def log_user(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the file to use for user-process logs."""
+        return _path_convert(self.log_dir, "debug.log")
 
-    def _project_url(self) -> str:
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def project_url(self) -> str:
+        """The W&B URL where the project can be viewed."""
         project_url = self._project_url_base()
         if not project_url:
             return ""
@@ -1292,401 +769,133 @@ class Settings(SettingsData):
 
         return f"{project_url}{query}"
 
-    def _run_url(self) -> str:
-        """Return the run url."""
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def resume_fname(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the resume file."""
+        return _path_convert(self.wandb_dir, "wandb-resume.json")
+
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def run_mode(self) -> Literal["run", "offline-run"]:
+        return "run" if not self._offline else "offline-run"
+
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def run_url(self) -> str:
+        """The W&B URL where the run can be viewed."""
         project_url = self._project_url_base()
         if not all([project_url, self.run_id]):
             return ""
 
         query = self._get_url_query_string()
-        return f"{project_url}/runs/{quote(self.run_id)}{query}"
+        return f"{project_url}/runs/{quote(self.run_id or '')}{query}"
 
-    def _set_run_start_time(self, source: int = Source.BASE) -> None:
-        """Set the time stamps for the settings.
-
-        Called once the run is initialized.
-        """
-        time_stamp: float = time.time()
-        datetime_now: datetime = datetime.fromtimestamp(time_stamp)
-        datetime_now_str = _datetime_as_str(datetime_now)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "_Settings_start_datetime", datetime_now_str)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "_Settings_start_time", time_stamp)
-        self.update(
-            _start_datetime=datetime_now_str,
-            _start_time=time_stamp,
-            source=source,
-        )
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def settings_workspace(self) -> str:
+        """The path to the workspace settings file."""
+        return _path_convert(self.wandb_dir, "settings")
 
-    def _sweep_url(self) -> str:
-        """Return the sweep url."""
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def sweep_url(self) -> str:
+        """The W&B URL where the sweep can be viewed."""
         project_url = self._project_url_base()
         if not all([project_url, self.sweep_id]):
             return ""
 
         query = self._get_url_query_string()
-        return f"{project_url}/sweeps/{quote(self.sweep_id)}{query}"
-
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
-        self.__frozen: bool = False
-        self.__initialized: bool = False
-
-        self.__modification_order = SETTINGS_TOPOLOGICALLY_SORTED
-
-        # Set default settings values
-        # We start off with the class attributes and `default_props` dicts
-        # and then create Property objects.
-        # Once initialized, attributes are to only be updated using the `update` method
-        default_props = self._default_props()
-
-        # Init instance attributes as Property objects.
-        # Type hints of class attributes are used to generate a type validator function
-        # for runtime checks for each attribute.
-        # These are defaults, using Source.BASE for non-policy attributes and Source.RUN for policies.
-        for prop, type_hint in get_type_hints(SettingsData).items():
-            validators = [self._validator_factory(type_hint)]
-
-            if prop in default_props:
-                validator = default_props[prop].pop("validator", [])
-                # Property validator could be either Callable or Sequence[Callable]
-                if callable(validator):
-                    validators.append(validator)
-                elif isinstance(validator, Sequence):
-                    validators.extend(list(validator))
-                object.__setattr__(
-                    self,
-                    prop,
-                    Property(
-                        name=prop,
-                        **default_props[prop],
-                        validator=validators,
-                        # todo: double-check this logic:
-                        source=Source.RUN
-                        if default_props[prop].get("is_policy", False)
-                        else Source.BASE,
-                    ),
-                )
-            else:
-                object.__setattr__(
-                    self,
-                    prop,
-                    Property(
-                        name=prop,
-                        validator=validators,
-                        source=Source.BASE,
-                    ),
-                )
+        return f"{project_url}/sweeps/{quote(self.sweep_id or '')}{query}"
 
-        # update overridden defaults from kwargs
-        unexpected_arguments = [k for k in kwargs.keys() if k not in self.__dict__]
-        # allow only explicitly defined arguments
-        if unexpected_arguments:
-            raise SettingsUnexpectedArgsError(
-                f"Got unexpected arguments: {unexpected_arguments}. "
-            )
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def sync_dir(self) -> str:
+        return _path_convert(
+            self.wandb_dir, f"{self.run_mode}-{self.timespec}-{self.run_id}"
+        )
 
-        # automatically inspect setting validators and runtime hooks and topologically sort them
-        # so that we can safely update them. throw error if there are cycles.
-        for prop in self.__modification_order:
-            if prop in kwargs:
-                source = Source.RUN if self.__dict__[prop].is_policy else Source.BASE
-                self.update({prop: kwargs[prop]}, source=source)
-                kwargs.pop(prop)
-
-        for k, v in kwargs.items():
-            # todo: double-check this logic:
-            source = Source.RUN if self.__dict__[k].is_policy else Source.BASE
-            self.update({k: v}, source=source)
-
-        # setup private attributes
-        object.__setattr__(self, "_Settings_start_datetime", None)
-        object.__setattr__(self, "_Settings_start_time", None)
-
-        # done with init, use self.update() to update attributes from now on
-        self.__initialized = True
-
-        # todo? freeze settings to prevent accidental changes
-        # self.freeze()
-
-    def __str__(self) -> str:
-        # get attributes that are instances of the Property class:
-        representation = {
-            k: v.value for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if isinstance(v, Property)
-        }
-        return f"<Settings {_redact_dict(representation)}>"
-
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
-        # private attributes
-        private = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if k.startswith("_Settings")}
-        # get attributes that are instances of the Property class:
-        attributes = {
-            k: f"<Property value={v.value} source={v.source}>"
-            for k, v in self.__dict__.items()
-            if isinstance(v, Property)
-        }
-        representation = {**private, **attributes}
-        return f"<Settings {representation}>"
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def sync_file(self) -> str:
+        """Path to the append-only binary transaction log file."""
+        return _path_convert(self.sync_dir, f"run-{self.run_id}.wandb")
 
-    def __copy__(self) -> "Settings":
-        """Ensure that a copy of the settings object is a truly deep copy.
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def sync_symlink_latest(self) -> str:
+        return _path_convert(self.wandb_dir, "latest-run")
 
-        Note that the copied object will not be frozen  todo? why is this needed?
-        """
-        # get attributes that are instances of the Property class:
-        attributes = {k: v for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if isinstance(v, Property)}
-        new = Settings()
-        # update properties that have deps or are dependent on in the topologically-sorted order
-        for prop in self.__modification_order:
-            new.update({prop: attributes[prop]._value}, source=attributes[prop].source)
-            attributes.pop(prop)
-
-        # update the remaining attributes
-        for k, v in attributes.items():
-            # make sure to use the raw property value (v._value),
-            # not the potential result of runtime hooks applied to it (v.value)
-            new.update({k: v._value}, source=v.source)
-        new.unfreeze()
-
-        return new
-
-    def __deepcopy__(self, memo: dict) -> "Settings":
-        return self.__copy__()
-
-    # attribute access methods
-    @no_type_check  # this is a hack to make mypy happy
-    def __getattribute__(self, name: str) -> Any:
-        """Expose `attribute.value` if `attribute` is a Property."""
-        item = object.__getattribute__(self, name)
-        if isinstance(item, Property):
-            return item.value
-        return item
-
-    def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
-        if "_Settings__initialized" in self.__dict__ and self.__initialized:
-            raise TypeError(f"Please use update() to update attribute `{key}` value")
-        object.__setattr__(self, key, value)
-
-    def __iter__(self) -> Iterable:
-        return iter(self.to_dict())
-
-    def copy(self) -> "Settings":
-        return self.__copy__()
-
-    # implement the Mapping interface
-    def keys(self) -> Iterable[str]:
-        return self.to_dict().keys()
-
-    @no_type_check  # this is a hack to make mypy happy
-    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> Any:
-        """Expose attribute.value if attribute is a Property."""
-        item = object.__getattribute__(self, name)
-        if isinstance(item, Property):
-            return item.value
-        return item
-
-    def update(
-        self,
-        settings: Optional[Union[Dict[str, Any], "Settings"]] = None,
-        source: int = Source.OVERRIDE,
-        **kwargs: Any,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Update individual settings."""
-        if "_Settings__frozen" in self.__dict__ and self.__frozen:
-            raise TypeError("Settings object is frozen")
-
-        if isinstance(settings, Settings):
-            # If a Settings object is passed, detect the settings that differ
-            # from defaults, collect them into a dict, and apply them using `source`.
-            # This comes up in `wandb.init(settings=wandb.Settings(...))` and
-            # seems like the behavior that the user would expect when calling init that way.
-            defaults = Settings()
-            settings_dict = dict()
-            for k, v in settings.__dict__.items():
-                if isinstance(v, Property):
-                    if v._value != defaults.__dict__[k]._value:
-                        settings_dict[k] = v._value
-            # replace with the generated dict
-            settings = settings_dict
-
-        # add kwargs to settings
-        settings = settings or dict()
-        # explicit kwargs take precedence over settings
-        settings = {**settings, **kwargs}
-        unknown_properties = []
-        for key in settings.keys():
-            # only allow updating known Properties
-            if key not in self.__dict__ or not isinstance(self.__dict__[key], Property):
-                unknown_properties.append(key)
-        if unknown_properties:
-            raise KeyError(f"Unknown settings: {unknown_properties}")
-        # only if all keys are valid, update them
-
-        # store settings to be updated in a dict to preserve stats on preprocessing and validation errors
-        settings.copy()
-
-        # update properties that have deps or are dependent on in the topologically-sorted order
-        for key in self.__modification_order:
-            if key in settings:
-                self.__dict__[key].update(settings.pop(key), source=source)
-
-        # update the remaining properties
-        for key, value in settings.items():
-            self.__dict__[key].update(value, source)
-
-    def items(self) -> ItemsView[str, Any]:
-        return self.to_dict().items()
-
-    def get(self, key: str, default: Optional[Any] = None) -> Any:
-        return self.to_dict().get(key, default)
-
-    def freeze(self) -> None:
-        object.__setattr__(self, "_Settings__frozen", True)
-
-    def unfreeze(self) -> None:
-        object.__setattr__(self, "_Settings__frozen", False)
-
-    def is_frozen(self) -> bool:
-        return self.__frozen
-
-    def to_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
-        """Return a dict representation of the settings."""
-        # get attributes that are instances of the Property class:
-        attributes = {
-            k: v.value for k, v in self.__dict__.items() if isinstance(v, Property)
-        }
-        return attributes
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def timespec(self) -> str:
+        return self._start_datetime
 
-    def to_proto(self) -> wandb_settings_pb2.Settings:
-        """Generate a protobuf representation of the settings."""
-        from dataclasses import fields
-
-        settings = wandb_settings_pb2.Settings()
-        for field in fields(SettingsData):
-            k = field.name
-            v = getattr(self, k)
-            # special case for _stats_open_metrics_filters
-            if k == "_stats_open_metrics_filters":
-                if isinstance(v, (list, set, tuple)):
-                    setting = getattr(settings, k)
-                    setting.sequence.value.extend(v)
-                elif isinstance(v, dict):
-                    setting = getattr(settings, k)
-                    for key, value in v.items():
-                        for kk, vv in value.items():
-                            setting.mapping.value[key].value[kk] = vv
-                else:
-                    raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type {type(v)} for setting {k}")
-                continue
+    @computed_field  # type: ignore[prop-decorator]
+    @property
+    def wandb_dir(self) -> str:
+        """Full path to the wandb directory.
 
-            if isinstance(v, bool):
-                getattr(settings, k).CopyFrom(BoolValue(value=v))
-            elif isinstance(v, int):
-                getattr(settings, k).CopyFrom(Int32Value(value=v))
-            elif isinstance(v, float):
-                getattr(settings, k).CopyFrom(DoubleValue(value=v))
-            elif isinstance(v, str):
-                getattr(settings, k).CopyFrom(StringValue(value=v))
-            elif isinstance(v, (list, set, tuple)):
-                # we only support sequences of strings for now
-                sequence = getattr(settings, k)
-                sequence.value.extend(v)
-            elif isinstance(v, dict):
-                mapping = getattr(settings, k)
-                for key, value in v.items():
-                    # we only support dicts with string values for now
-                    mapping.value[key] = value
-            elif isinstance(v, RunMoment):
-                getattr(settings, k).CopyFrom(
-                    wandb_settings_pb2.RunMoment(
-                        run=v.run,
-                        value=v.value,
-                        metric=v.metric,
-                    )
-                )
-            elif v is None:
-                # None is the default value for all settings, so we don't need to set it,
-                # i.e. None means that the value was not set.
-                pass
-            else:
-                raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type {type(v)} for setting {k}")
-        # TODO: store property sources in the protobuf so that we can reconstruct the
-        #  settings object from the protobuf
-        return settings
-
-    # apply settings from different sources
-    # TODO(dd): think about doing some|all of that at init
-    def _apply_settings(
-        self,
-        settings: "Settings",
-        _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Apply settings from a Settings object."""
-        if _logger is not None:
-            _logger.info(f"Applying settings from {settings}")
-        attributes = {
-            k: v for k, v in settings.__dict__.items() if isinstance(v, Property)
-        }
-        # update properties that have deps or are dependent on in the topologically-sorted order
-        for prop in self.__modification_order:
-            self.update({prop: attributes[prop]._value}, source=attributes[prop].source)
-            attributes.pop(prop)
-        # update the remaining properties
-        for k, v in attributes.items():
-            # note that only the same/higher priority settings are propagated
-            self.update({k: v._value}, source=v.source)
+        The setting exposed to users as `dir=` or `WANDB_DIR` is the `root_dir`.
+        We add the `__stage_dir__` to it to get the full `wandb_dir`
+        """
+        root_dir = self.root_dir or ""
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _load_config_file(file_name: str, section: str = "default") -> dict:
-        parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
-        parser.add_section(section)
-        parser.read(file_name)
-        config: Dict[str, Any] = dict()
-        for k in parser[section]:
-            config[k] = parser[section][k]
-            # TODO (cvp): we didn't do this in the old cli, but it seems necessary
-            if k == "ignore_globs":
-                config[k] = config[k].split(",")
-        return config
+        # We use the hidden version if it already exists, otherwise non-hidden.
+        if os.path.exists(os.path.join(root_dir, ".wandb")):
+            __stage_dir__ = ".wandb" + os.sep
+        else:
+            __stage_dir__ = "wandb" + os.sep
 
-    def _apply_base(self, pid: int, _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None) -> None:
-        if _logger is not None:
-            _logger.info(f"Current SDK version is {wandb.__version__}")
-            _logger.info(f"Configure stats pid to {pid}")
-        self.update({"_stats_pid": pid}, source=Source.SETUP)
-
-    def _apply_config_files(self, _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None) -> None:
-        # TODO(jhr): permit setting of config in system and workspace
-        if self.settings_system is not None:
-            if _logger is not None:
-                _logger.info(f"Loading settings from {self.settings_system}")
-            self.update(
-                self._load_config_file(self.settings_system),
-                source=Source.SYSTEM,
+        path = os.path.join(root_dir, __stage_dir__)
+        if not os.access(root_dir or ".", os.W_OK):
+            termwarn(
+                f"Path {path} wasn't writable, using system temp directory.",
+                repeat=False,
             )
-        if self.settings_workspace is not None:
-            if _logger is not None:
-                _logger.info(f"Loading settings from {self.settings_workspace}")
-            self.update(
-                self._load_config_file(self.settings_workspace),
-                source=Source.WORKSPACE,
+            path = os.path.join(
+                tempfile.gettempdir(), __stage_dir__ or ("wandb" + os.sep)
             )
 
-    def _apply_env_vars(
-        self,
-        environ: Mapping[str, Any],
-        _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None,
-    ) -> None:
+        return os.path.expanduser(path)
+
+    # Methods to collect and update settings from different sources.
+    #
+    # The Settings class does not track the source of the settings,
+    # so it is up to the developer to ensure that the settings are applied
+    # in the correct order. Most of the updates are done in
+    # wandb/sdk/wandb_setup.py::_WandbSetup__WandbSetup._settings_setup.
+
+    def update_from_system_config_file(self):
+        """Update settings from the system config file."""
+        if not self.settings_system or not os.path.exists(self.settings_system):
+            return
+        for key, value in self._load_config_file(self.settings_system).items():
+            if value is not None:
+                setattr(self, key, value)
+
+    def update_from_workspace_config_file(self):
+        """Update settings from the workspace config file."""
+        if not self.settings_workspace or not os.path.exists(self.settings_workspace):
+            return
+        for key, value in self._load_config_file(self.settings_workspace).items():
+            if value is not None:
+                setattr(self, key, value)
+
+    def update_from_env_vars(self, environ: dict[str, Any]):
+        """Update settings from environment variables."""
         env_prefix: str = "WANDB_"
+        private_env_prefix: str = env_prefix + "_"
         special_env_var_names = {
-            "WANDB_TRACELOG": "_tracelog",
-            "WANDB_DISABLE_SERVICE": "_disable_service",
-            "WANDB_SERVICE_TRANSPORT": "_service_transport",
+            "WANDB_DISABLE_SERVICE": "x_disable_service",
+            "WANDB_SERVICE_TRANSPORT": "x_service_transport",
             "WANDB_DIR": "root_dir",
             "WANDB_NAME": "run_name",
             "WANDB_NOTES": "run_notes",
             "WANDB_TAGS": "run_tags",
             "WANDB_JOB_TYPE": "run_job_type",
-            "WANDB_HTTP_TIMEOUT": "_graphql_timeout_seconds",
-            "WANDB_FILE_PUSHER_TIMEOUT": "_file_transfer_timeout_seconds",
+            "WANDB_HTTP_TIMEOUT": "x_graphql_timeout_seconds",
+            "WANDB_FILE_PUSHER_TIMEOUT": "x_file_transfer_timeout_seconds",
             "WANDB_USER_EMAIL": "email",
         }
         env = dict()
@@ -1696,6 +905,8 @@ class Settings(SettingsData):
 
             if setting in special_env_var_names:
                 key = special_env_var_names[setting]
+            elif setting.startswith(private_env_prefix):
+                key = "x_" + setting[len(private_env_prefix) :].lower()
             else:
                 # otherwise, strip the prefix and convert to lowercase
                 key = setting[len(env_prefix) :].lower()
@@ -1704,52 +915,37 @@ class Settings(SettingsData):
                 if key in ("ignore_globs", "run_tags"):
                     value = value.split(",")
                 env[key] = value
-            elif _logger is not None:
-                _logger.warning(f"Unknown environment variable: {setting}")
 
-        if _logger is not None:
-            _logger.info(
-                f"Loading settings from environment variables: {_redact_dict(env)}"
-            )
-        self.update(env, source=Source.ENV)
-
-    def _infer_settings_from_environment(
-        self, _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        """Modify settings based on environment (for runs and cli)."""
-        settings: Dict[str, Union[bool, str, Sequence, None]] = dict()
-        # disable symlinks if on windows (requires admin or developer setup)
-        settings["symlink"] = True
-        if self._windows:
-            settings["symlink"] = False
-
-        # TODO(jhr): this needs to be moved last in setting up settings ?
-        #  (dd): loading order does not matter as long as source is set correctly
+        for key, value in env.items():
+            if value is not None:
+                setattr(self, key, value)
 
+    def update_from_system_environment(self):
+        """Update settings from the system environment."""
         # For code saving, only allow env var override if value from server is true, or
         # if no preference was specified.
         if (self.save_code is True or self.save_code is None) and (
-            os.getenv(wandb.env.SAVE_CODE) is not None
-            or os.getenv(wandb.env.DISABLE_CODE) is not None
+            os.getenv(env.SAVE_CODE) is not None
+            or os.getenv(env.DISABLE_CODE) is not None
         ):
-            settings["save_code"] = wandb.env.should_save_code()
+            self.save_code = env.should_save_code()
 
-        settings["disable_git"] = wandb.env.disable_git()
+        self.disable_git = env.disable_git()
 
         # Attempt to get notebook information if not already set by the user
         if self._jupyter and (self.notebook_name is None or self.notebook_name == ""):
             meta = wandb.jupyter.notebook_metadata(self.silent)  # type: ignore
-            settings["_jupyter_path"] = meta.get("path")
-            settings["_jupyter_name"] = meta.get("name")
-            settings["_jupyter_root"] = meta.get("root")
+            self.x_jupyter_path = meta.get("path")
+            self.x_jupyter_name = meta.get("name")
+            self.x_jupyter_root = meta.get("root")
         elif (
             self._jupyter
             and self.notebook_name is not None
             and os.path.exists(self.notebook_name)
         ):
-            settings["_jupyter_path"] = self.notebook_name
-            settings["_jupyter_name"] = self.notebook_name
-            settings["_jupyter_root"] = os.getcwd()
+            self.x_jupyter_path = self.notebook_name
+            self.x_jupyter_name = self.notebook_name
+            self.x_jupyter_root = os.getcwd()
         elif self._jupyter:
             wandb.termwarn(
                 "WANDB_NOTEBOOK_NAME should be a path to a notebook file, "
@@ -1759,244 +955,266 @@ class Settings(SettingsData):
         # host and username are populated by apply_env_vars if corresponding env
         # vars exist -- but if they don't, we'll fill them in here
         if self.host is None:
-            settings["host"] = socket.gethostname()  # type: ignore
+            self.host = socket.gethostname()  # type: ignore
 
         if self.username is None:
             try:  # type: ignore
-                settings["username"] = getpass.getuser()
+                self.username = getpass.getuser()
             except KeyError:
                 # getuser() could raise KeyError in restricted environments like
                 # chroot jails or docker containers. Return user id in these cases.
-                settings["username"] = str(os.getuid())
+                self.username = str(os.getuid())
 
         _executable = (
-            self._executable
-            or os.environ.get(wandb.env._EXECUTABLE)
+            self.x_executable
+            or os.environ.get(env._EXECUTABLE)
             or sys.executable
             or shutil.which("python3")
             or "python3"
         )
-        settings["_executable"] = _executable
+        self.x_executable = _executable
 
-        settings["docker"] = wandb.env.get_docker(wandb.util.image_id_from_k8s())
+        self.docker = env.get_docker(util.image_id_from_k8s())
 
-        # TODO: we should use the cuda library to collect this
-        if os.path.exists("/usr/local/cuda/version.txt"):
-            with open("/usr/local/cuda/version.txt") as f:
-                settings["_cuda"] = f.read().split(" ")[-1].strip()
-        if not self._jupyter:
-            settings["_args"] = sys.argv[1:]
-        settings["_os"] = platform.platform(aliased=True)
-        settings["_python"] = platform.python_version()
-
-        if _logger is not None:
-            _logger.info(
-                f"Inferring settings from compute environment: {_redact_dict(settings)}"
-            )
+        # proceed if not in CLI mode
+        if self.x_cli_only_mode:
+            return
 
-        self.update(settings, source=Source.ENV)
+        program = self.program or self._get_program()
 
-    def _infer_run_settings_from_environment(
-        self,
-        _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        """Modify settings based on environment (for runs only)."""
-        # If there's not already a program file, infer it now.
-        settings: Dict[str, Union[bool, str, None]] = dict()
-        program = self.program or _get_program()
         if program is not None:
             repo = GitRepo()
             root = repo.root or os.getcwd()
 
-            program_relpath = self.program_relpath or _get_program_relpath(
-                program, repo.root, _logger=_logger
+            self.program_relpath = self.program_relpath or self._get_program_relpath(
+                program, root
             )
-            settings["program_relpath"] = program_relpath
             program_abspath = os.path.abspath(
                 os.path.join(root, os.path.relpath(os.getcwd(), root), program)
             )
             if os.path.exists(program_abspath):
-                settings["program_abspath"] = program_abspath
+                self.program_abspath = program_abspath
         else:
             program = "<python with no main file>"
 
-        settings["program"] = program
+        self.program = program
 
-        if _logger is not None:
-            _logger.info(
-                f"Inferring run settings from compute environment: {_redact_dict(settings)}"
-            )
+    def update_from_dict(self, settings: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        """Update settings from a dictionary."""
+        for key, value in dict(settings).items():
+            if value is not None:
+                setattr(self, key, value)
 
-        self.update(settings, source=Source.ENV)
-
-    def _apply_setup(
-        self, setup_settings: Dict[str, Any], _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        if _logger:
-            _logger.info(f"Applying setup settings: {_redact_dict(setup_settings)}")
-        self.update(setup_settings, source=Source.SETUP)
-
-    def _apply_user(
-        self, user_settings: Dict[str, Any], _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None
-    ) -> None:
-        if _logger:
-            _logger.info(f"Applying user settings: {_redact_dict(user_settings)}")
-        self.update(user_settings, source=Source.USER)
-
-    def _apply_init(self, init_settings: Dict[str, Union[str, int, None]]) -> None:
-        # pop magic from init settings
-        init_settings.pop("magic", None)
-
-        # prevent setting project, entity if in sweep
-        # TODO(jhr): these should be locked elements in the future
-        if self.sweep_id:
-            for key in ("project", "entity", "id"):
-                val = init_settings.pop(key, None)
-                if val:
-                    wandb.termwarn(
-                        f"Ignored wandb.init() arg {key} when running a sweep."
-                    )
-        if self.launch:
-            if self.project is not None and init_settings.pop("project", None):
-                wandb.termwarn(
-                    "Project is ignored when running from wandb launch context. "
-                    "Ignored wandb.init() arg project when running running from launch.",
-                )
-            for key in ("entity", "id"):
-                # Init settings cannot override launch settings.
-                if init_settings.pop(key, None):
-                    wandb.termwarn(
-                        "Project, entity and id are ignored when running from wandb launch context. "
-                        f"Ignored wandb.init() arg {key} when running running from launch.",
-                    )
+    def update_from_settings(self, settings: Settings) -> None:
+        """Update settings from another instance of `Settings`."""
+        d = {field: getattr(settings, field) for field in settings.model_fields_set}
+        if d:
+            self.update_from_dict(d)
 
-        # strip out items where value is None
-        param_map = dict(
-            name="run_name",
-            id="run_id",
-            tags="run_tags",
-            group="run_group",
-            job_type="run_job_type",
-            notes="run_notes",
-            dir="root_dir",
-            sweep_id="sweep_id",
-        )
-        init_settings = {
-            param_map.get(k, k): v for k, v in init_settings.items() if v is not None
-        }
-        # fun logic to convert the resume init arg
-        if init_settings.get("resume"):
-            if isinstance(init_settings["resume"], str):
-                if init_settings["resume"] not in ("allow", "must", "never", "auto"):
-                    if init_settings.get("run_id") is None:
-                        #  TODO: deprecate or don't support
-                        init_settings["run_id"] = init_settings["resume"]
-                    init_settings["resume"] = "allow"
-            elif init_settings["resume"] is True:
-                # todo: add deprecation warning, switch to literal strings for resume
-                init_settings["resume"] = "auto"
-
-        # update settings
-        self.update(init_settings, source=Source.INIT)
-        self._handle_fork_logic()
-        self._handle_rewind_logic()
-        self._handle_resume_logic()
-
-    def _handle_fork_logic(self) -> None:
-        if self.fork_from is None:
-            return
+    # Helper methods.
 
-        if self.run_id is not None and (self.fork_from.run == self.run_id):
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Provided `run_id` is the same as the run to `fork_from`. "
-                "Please provide a different `run_id` or remove the `run_id` argument. "
-                "If you want to rewind the current run, please use `resume_from` instead."
-            )
+    def to_proto(self) -> wandb_settings_pb2.Settings:
+        """Generate a protobuf representation of the settings."""
+        settings_proto = wandb_settings_pb2.Settings()
+        for k, v in self.model_dump(exclude_none=True).items():
+            # special case for x_stats_open_metrics_filters
+            if k == "x_stats_open_metrics_filters":
+                if isinstance(v, (list, set, tuple)):
+                    setting = getattr(settings_proto, k)
+                    setting.sequence.value.extend(v)
+                elif isinstance(v, dict):
+                    setting = getattr(settings_proto, k)
+                    for key, value in v.items():
+                        for kk, vv in value.items():
+                            setting.mapping.value[key].value[kk] = vv
+                else:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type {type(v)} for setting {k}")
+                continue
 
-    def _handle_rewind_logic(self) -> None:
-        if self.resume_from is None:
-            return
+            if isinstance(v, bool):
+                getattr(settings_proto, k).CopyFrom(BoolValue(value=v))
+            elif isinstance(v, int):
+                getattr(settings_proto, k).CopyFrom(Int32Value(value=v))
+            elif isinstance(v, float):
+                getattr(settings_proto, k).CopyFrom(DoubleValue(value=v))
+            elif isinstance(v, str):
+                getattr(settings_proto, k).CopyFrom(StringValue(value=v))
+            elif isinstance(v, (list, set, tuple)):
+                # we only support sequences of strings for now
+                sequence = getattr(settings_proto, k)
+                sequence.value.extend(v)
+            elif isinstance(v, dict):
+                mapping = getattr(settings_proto, k)
+                for key, value in v.items():
+                    # we only support dicts with string values for now
+                    mapping.value[key] = value
+            elif isinstance(v, RunMoment):
+                getattr(settings_proto, k).CopyFrom(
+                    wandb_settings_pb2.RunMoment(
+                        run=v.run,
+                        value=v.value,
+                        metric=v.metric,
+                    )
+                )
+            elif v is None:
+                # None means that the setting value was not set.
+                pass
+            else:
+                raise TypeError(f"Unsupported type {type(v)} for setting {k}")
 
-        if self.run_id is not None and (self.resume_from.run != self.run_id):
-            wandb.termwarn(
-                "Both `run_id` and `resume_from` have been specified with different ids. "
-                "`run_id` will be ignored."
-            )
-        self.update({"run_id": self.resume_from.run}, source=Source.INIT)
+        return settings_proto
 
-    def _handle_resume_logic(self) -> None:
+    def handle_resume_logic(self):
+        """Handle logic for resuming runs."""
         # handle auto resume logic
         if self.resume == "auto":
             if os.path.exists(self.resume_fname):
                 with open(self.resume_fname) as f:
                     resume_run_id = json.load(f)["run_id"]
                 if self.run_id is None:
-                    self.update({"run_id": resume_run_id}, source=Source.INIT)  # type: ignore
+                    self.run_id = resume_run_id
                 elif self.run_id != resume_run_id:
                     wandb.termwarn(
                         "Tried to auto resume run with "
                         f"id {resume_run_id} but id {self.run_id} is set.",
                     )
+        if self.run_id is None:
+            self.run_id = generate_id()
 
-        self.update({"run_id": self.run_id or generate_id()}, source=Source.INIT)
-        # persist our run id in case of failure
-        # check None for mypy
+        # persist run_id in case of failure
         if self.resume == "auto" and self.resume_fname is not None:
             filesystem.mkdir_exists_ok(self.wandb_dir)
             with open(self.resume_fname, "w") as f:
                 f.write(json.dumps({"run_id": self.run_id}))
 
-    def _apply_login(
-        self,
-        login_settings: Dict[str, Any],
-        _logger: Optional[_EarlyLogger] = None,
-    ) -> None:
-        key_map = {
-            "key": "api_key",
-            "host": "base_url",
-            "timeout": "login_timeout",
-        }
+    def handle_sweep_logic(self):
+        """Update settings based on sweep context.
 
-        # Rename keys and keep only the non-None values.
-        #
-        # The input keys are parameters to wandb.login(), but we use different
-        # names for some of them in Settings.
-        login_settings = {
-            key_map.get(key, key): value
-            for key, value in login_settings.items()
-            if value is not None
-        }
+        When running a sweep, the project, entity, and run_id are handled externally,
+        and should be ignored if they are set.
+        """
+        if self.sweep_id is None:
+            return
+
+        for key in ("project", "entity", "run_id"):
+            value = getattr(self, key)
+            if value is not None:
+                wandb.termwarn(f"Ignoring {key} {value!r} when running a sweep.")
+                setattr(self, key, None)
 
-        if _logger:
-            _logger.info(f"Applying login settings: {_redact_dict(login_settings)}")
+    def handle_launch_logic(self):
+        """Update settings based on launch context.
 
-        self.update(
-            login_settings,
-            source=Source.LOGIN,
+        When running in a launch context, the project, entity, and run_id are handled
+        externally, and should be ignored if they are set.
+        """
+        if not self.launch:
+            return
+
+        for key in ("project", "entity", "run_id"):
+            value = getattr(self, key)
+            if value is not None:
+                wandb.termwarn(
+                    f"Ignoring {key} {value!r} when running from wandb launch context."
+                )
+                setattr(self, key, None)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def validate_url(url: str) -> None:
+        """Validate a URL string."""
+        url_validator = SchemaValidator(
+            core_schema.url_schema(
+                allowed_schemes=["http", "https"],
+                strict=True,
+            )
         )
+        url_validator.validate_python(url)
 
-    def _apply_run_start(self, run_start_settings: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-        # This dictionary maps from the "run message dict" to relevant fields in settings
-        # Note: that config is missing
-        param_map = {
-            "run_id": "run_id",
-            "entity": "entity",
-            "project": "project",
-            "run_group": "run_group",
-            "job_type": "run_job_type",
-            "display_name": "run_name",
-            "notes": "run_notes",
-            "tags": "run_tags",
-            "sweep_id": "sweep_id",
-            "host": "host",
-            "resumed": "resumed",
-            "git.remote_url": "git_remote_url",
-            "git.commit": "git_commit",
-        }
-        run_settings = {
-            name: reduce(lambda d, k: d.get(k, {}), attr.split("."), run_start_settings)
-            for attr, name in param_map.items()
-        }
-        run_settings = {key: value for key, value in run_settings.items() if value}
-        if run_settings:
-            self.update(run_settings, source=Source.RUN)
+    def _get_program(self) -> str | None:
+        """Get the program that started the current process."""
+        if not self._jupyter:
+            # If not in a notebook, try to get the program from the environment
+            # or the __main__ module for scripts run as `python -m ...`.
+            program = os.getenv(env.PROGRAM)
+            if program is not None:
+                return program
+            try:
+                import __main__
+
+                if __main__.__spec__ is None:
+                    return __main__.__file__
+                return f"-m {__main__.__spec__.name}"
+            except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+                return None
+        else:
+            # If in a notebook, try to get the program from the notebook metadata.
+            if self.notebook_name:
+                return self.notebook_name
+
+            if not self.x_jupyter_path:
+                return self.program
+
+            if self.x_jupyter_path.startswith("fileId="):
+                return self.x_jupyter_name
+            else:
+                return self.x_jupyter_path
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_program_relpath(program: str, root: str | None = None) -> str | None:
+        """Get the relative path to the program from the root directory."""
+        if not program:
+            return None
+
+        root = root or os.getcwd()
+        if not root:
+            return None
+
+        full_path_to_program = os.path.join(
+            root, os.path.relpath(os.getcwd(), root), program
+        )
+        if os.path.exists(full_path_to_program):
+            relative_path = os.path.relpath(full_path_to_program, start=root)
+            if "../" in relative_path:
+                return None
+            return relative_path
+
+        return None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _load_config_file(file_name: str, section: str = "default") -> dict:
+        """Load a config file and return the settings for a given section."""
+        parser = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        parser.add_section(section)
+        parser.read(file_name)
+        config: dict[str, Any] = dict()
+        for k in parser[section]:
+            config[k] = parser[section][k]
+            if k == "ignore_globs":
+                config[k] = config[k].split(",")
+        return config
+
+    def _project_url_base(self) -> str:
+        """Construct the base URL for the project."""
+        if not all([self.entity, self.project]):
+            return ""
+
+        app_url = util.app_url(self.base_url)
+        return f"{app_url}/{quote(self.entity or '')}/{quote(self.project or '')}"
+
+    def _get_url_query_string(self) -> str:
+        """Construct the query string for project, run, and sweep URLs."""
+        # TODO: remove dependency on Api()
+        if Api().settings().get("anonymous") != "true":
+            return ""
+
+        api_key = apikey.api_key(settings=self)
+
+        return f"?{urlencode({'apiKey': api_key})}"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _runmoment_preprocessor(val: RunMoment | str | None) -> RunMoment | None:
+        """Preprocess the setting for forking or resuming a run."""
+        if isinstance(val, RunMoment) or val is None:
+            return val
+        elif isinstance(val, str):
+            return RunMoment.from_uri(val)