voxcity 0.6.15__py3-none-any.whl → 0.7.0__py3-none-any.whl

voxcity/utils/visualization.py

@@ -1,2660 +0,0 @@
-"""
-VoxelCity Visualization Utilities
-
-This module provides comprehensive visualization tools for 3D voxel city data,
-including support for multiple color schemes, 3D plotting with matplotlib and plotly,
-grid visualization on basemaps, and mesh-based rendering with PyVista.
-
-The module handles various data types including:
-- Land cover classifications
-- Building heights and footprints
-- Digital elevation models (DEM)
-- Canopy heights
-- View indices (sky view factor, green view index)
-- Simulation results on building surfaces
-
-Key Features:
-- Multiple predefined color schemes for voxel visualization
-- 2D and 3D plotting capabilities
-- Interactive web maps with folium
-- Mesh export functionality (OBJ format)
-- Multi-view scene generation
-- Custom simulation result overlays
-"""
-
-import numpy as np
-import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
-from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
-from tqdm import tqdm
-import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
-from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap, BoundaryNorm
-import matplotlib.cm as cm
-import contextily as ctx
-from shapely.geometry import Polygon
-import plotly.graph_objects as go
-from tqdm import tqdm
-import pyproj
-# import rasterio
-from pyproj import CRS
-# from shapely.geometry import box
-import seaborn as sns
-import random
-import folium
-import math
-import trimesh
-import pyvista as pv
-from IPython.display import display
-import os
-import sys
-
-# Import utility functions for land cover classification
-from .lc import get_land_cover_classes
-# from ..geo.geojson import filter_buildings
-
-# Import grid processing functions
-from ..geoprocessor.grid import (
-    calculate_grid_size,
-    create_coordinate_mesh,
-    create_cell_polygon,
-    grid_to_geodataframe
-)
-
-# Import geospatial utility functions
-from ..geoprocessor.utils import (
-    initialize_geod,
-    calculate_distance,
-    normalize_to_one_meter,
-    setup_transformer,
-    transform_coords,
-)
-
-# Import mesh generation and export functions
-from ..geoprocessor.mesh import (
-    create_voxel_mesh,
-    create_sim_surface_mesh,
-    create_city_meshes,
-    export_meshes,
-    save_obj_from_colored_mesh
-)
-# from ..exporter.obj import save_obj_from_colored_mesh
-
-# Import material property functions
-from .material import get_material_dict
-
-def get_voxel_color_map(color_scheme='default'):
-    """
-    Returns a color map for voxel visualization based on the specified color scheme.
-    
-    This function provides multiple predefined color schemes for visualizing voxel data.
-    Each scheme maps voxel class IDs to RGB color values [0-255]. The class IDs follow
-    a specific convention where negative values represent built environment elements
-    and positive values represent natural/ground surface elements.
-    
-    Voxel Class ID Convention:
-        -99: Void/empty space (black)
-        -30: Landmark buildings (special highlighting)
-        -17 to -11: Building materials (plaster, glass, stone, metal, concrete, wood, brick)
-        -3: Generic building structures
-        -2: Trees/vegetation (above ground)
-        -1: Underground/subsurface
-        1-14: Ground surface land cover types (bareland, vegetation, water, etc.)
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    color_scheme : str, optional
-        The name of the color scheme to use. Available options:
-        
-        Basic Schemes:
-        - 'default': Original balanced color scheme for general use
-        - 'high_contrast': High contrast colors for better visibility
-        - 'monochrome': Shades of blue for academic presentations
-        - 'pastel': Softer, muted colors for aesthetic appeal
-        - 'dark_mode': Darker colors for dark backgrounds
-        - 'grayscale': Black and white gradient with color accents
-        
-        Thematic Schemes:
-        - 'autumn': Warm reds, oranges, and browns
-        - 'cool': Cool blues, purples, and cyans
-        - 'earth_tones': Natural earth colors
-        - 'vibrant': Very bright, saturated colors
-        
-        Stylistic Schemes:
-        - 'cyberpunk': Neon-like purples, pinks, and blues
-        - 'tropical': Vibrant greens, oranges, pinks (island vibes)
-        - 'vintage': Muted, sepia-like tones
-        - 'neon_dreams': Super-bright, nightclub neon palette
-
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    dict
-        A dictionary mapping voxel class IDs (int) to RGB color values (list of 3 ints [0-255])
-        
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> colors = get_voxel_color_map('default')
-    >>> print(colors[-3])  # Building color
-    [180, 187, 216]
-    
-    >>> colors = get_voxel_color_map('cyberpunk')
-    >>> print(colors[9])   # Water color in cyberpunk scheme
-    [51, 0, 102]
-    
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - All color values are in RGB format with range [0, 255]
-    - The 'default' scheme should not be modified to maintain consistency
-    - Unknown color schemes will fall back to 'default' with a warning
-    - Color schemes can be extended by adding new elif blocks
-    """
-    # ----------------------
-    # DO NOT MODIFY DEFAULT
-    # ----------------------
-    if color_scheme == 'default':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],  # void,
-            -30: [255, 0, 102],  # (Pink) 'Landmark',
-            -17: [238, 242, 234],  # (light gray) 'plaster',
-            -16: [56, 78, 84],  # (Dark blue) 'glass',
-            -15: [147, 140, 114],  # (Light brown) 'stone',
-            -14: [139, 149, 159],  # (Gray) 'metal',
-            -13: [186, 187, 181],  # (Gray) 'concrete',
-            -12: [248, 166, 2],  # (Orange) 'wood',
-            -11: [81, 59, 56],  # (Dark red) 'brick',
-            -3: [180, 187, 216],  # Building
-            -2: [78, 99, 63],     # Tree
-            -1: [188, 143, 143],  # Underground
-            1: [239, 228, 176],   # 'Bareland (ground surface)',
-            2: [123, 130, 59],   # 'Rangeland (ground surface)',
-            3: [97, 140, 86],   # 'Shrub (ground surface)',
-            4: [112, 120, 56],   #  'Agriculture land (ground surface)',
-            5: [116, 150, 66],   #  'Tree (ground surface)',
-            6: [187, 204, 40],   #  'Moss and lichen (ground surface)',
-            7: [77, 118, 99],    #  'Wet land (ground surface)',
-            8: [22, 61, 51],    #  'Mangrove (ground surface)',
-            9: [44, 66, 133],    #  'Water (ground surface)',
-            10: [205, 215, 224],    #  'Snow and ice (ground surface)',
-            11: [108, 119, 129],   #  'Developed space (ground surface)',
-            12: [59, 62, 87],      # 'Road (ground surface)',
-            13: [150, 166, 190],    #  'Building (ground surface)'
-            14: [239, 228, 176],    #  'No Data (ground surface)'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'high_contrast':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],  # void
-            -30: [255, 0, 255],  # (Bright Magenta) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [255, 255, 255],  # (Pure White) 'plaster'
-            -16: [0, 0, 255],  # (Bright Blue) 'glass'
-            -15: [153, 76, 0],  # (Dark Brown) 'stone'
-            -14: [192, 192, 192],  # (Silver) 'metal'
-            -13: [128, 128, 128],  # (Gray) 'concrete'
-            -12: [255, 128, 0],  # (Bright Orange) 'wood'
-            -11: [153, 0, 0],  # (Dark Red) 'brick'
-            -3: [0, 255, 255],  # (Cyan) Building
-            -2: [0, 153, 0],  # (Green) Tree
-            -1: [204, 0, 102],  # (Dark Pink) Underground
-            1: [255, 255, 153],  # (Light Yellow) 'Bareland'
-            2: [102, 153, 0],  # (Olive Green) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [0, 204, 0],  # (Bright Green) 'Shrub'
-            4: [153, 204, 0],  # (Yellowish Green) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [0, 102, 0],  # (Dark Green) 'Tree'
-            6: [204, 255, 51],  # (Lime Green) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [0, 153, 153],  # (Teal) 'Wet land'
-            8: [0, 51, 0],  # (Very Dark Green) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [0, 102, 204],  # (Bright Blue) 'Water'
-            10: [255, 255, 255],  # (White) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [76, 76, 76],  # (Dark Gray) 'Developed space'
-            12: [0, 0, 0],  # (Black) 'Road'
-            13: [102, 102, 255],  # (Light Purple) 'Building'
-            14: [255, 204, 153],  # (Light Orange) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'monochrome':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],  # void
-            -30: [28, 28, 99],  # 'Landmark'
-            -17: [242, 242, 242],  # 'plaster'
-            -16: [51, 51, 153],  # 'glass'
-            -15: [102, 102, 204],  # 'stone'
-            -14: [153, 153, 204],  # 'metal'
-            -13: [204, 204, 230],  # 'concrete'
-            -12: [76, 76, 178],  # 'wood'
-            -11: [25, 25, 127],  # 'brick'
-            -3: [179, 179, 230],  # Building
-            -2: [51, 51, 153],  # Tree
-            -1: [102, 102, 178],  # Underground
-            1: [230, 230, 255],  # 'Bareland'
-            2: [128, 128, 204],  # 'Rangeland'
-            3: [102, 102, 204],  # 'Shrub'
-            4: [153, 153, 230],  # 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [76, 76, 178],  # 'Tree'
-            6: [204, 204, 255],  # 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [76, 76, 178],  # 'Wet land'
-            8: [25, 25, 127],  # 'Mangrove'
-            9: [51, 51, 204],  # 'Water'
-            10: [242, 242, 255],  # 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [128, 128, 178],  # 'Developed space'
-            12: [51, 51, 127],  # 'Road'
-            13: [153, 153, 204],  # 'Building'
-            14: [230, 230, 255],  # 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'pastel':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],  # void
-            -30: [255, 179, 217],  # (Pastel Pink) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [245, 245, 245],  # (Off White) 'plaster'
-            -16: [173, 196, 230],  # (Pastel Blue) 'glass'
-            -15: [222, 213, 196],  # (Pastel Brown) 'stone'
-            -14: [211, 219, 226],  # (Pastel Gray) 'metal'
-            -13: [226, 226, 226],  # (Light Gray) 'concrete'
-            -12: [255, 223, 179],  # (Pastel Orange) 'wood'
-            -11: [204, 168, 166],  # (Pastel Red) 'brick'
-            -3: [214, 217, 235],   # (Pastel Purple) Building
-            -2: [190, 207, 180],   # (Pastel Green) Tree
-            -1: [235, 204, 204],   # (Pastel Pink) Underground
-            1: [250, 244, 227],    # (Cream) 'Bareland'
-            2: [213, 217, 182],    # (Pastel Olive) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [200, 226, 195],    # (Pastel Green) 'Shrub'
-            4: [209, 214, 188],    # (Pastel Yellow-Green) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [195, 220, 168],    # (Light Pastel Green) 'Tree'
-            6: [237, 241, 196],    # (Pastel Yellow) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [180, 210, 205],    # (Pastel Teal) 'Wet land'
-            8: [176, 196, 190],    # (Darker Pastel Teal) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [188, 206, 235],    # (Pastel Blue) 'Water'
-            10: [242, 245, 250],   # (Light Blue-White) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [209, 213, 219],   # (Pastel Gray) 'Developed space'
-            12: [189, 190, 204],   # (Pastel Blue-Gray) 'Road'
-            13: [215, 221, 232],   # (Very Light Pastel Blue) 'Building'
-            14: [250, 244, 227],   # (Cream) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'dark_mode':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],  # void
-            -30: [153, 51, 102],   # (Dark Pink) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [76, 76, 76],     # (Dark Gray) 'plaster'
-            -16: [33, 46, 51],     # (Very Dark Blue) 'glass'
-            -15: [89, 84, 66],     # (Very Dark Brown) 'stone'
-            -14: [83, 89, 94],     # (Dark Gray) 'metal'
-            -13: [61, 61, 61],     # (Dark Gray) 'concrete'
-            -12: [153, 102, 0],    # (Dark Orange) 'wood'
-            -11: [51, 35, 33],     # (Very Dark Red) 'brick'
-            -3: [78, 82, 99],      # (Dark Purple) Building
-            -2: [46, 58, 37],      # (Dark Green) Tree
-            -1: [99, 68, 68],      # (Dark Pink) Underground
-            1: [102, 97, 75],      # (Dark Yellow) 'Bareland'
-            2: [61, 66, 31],       # (Dark Olive) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [46, 77, 46],       # (Dark Green) 'Shrub'
-            4: [56, 61, 28],       # (Dark Yellow-Green) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [54, 77, 31],       # (Dark Green) 'Tree'
-            6: [89, 97, 20],       # (Dark Yellow) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [38, 59, 49],       # (Dark Teal) 'Wet land'
-            8: [16, 31, 26],       # (Very Dark Green) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [22, 33, 66],       # (Dark Blue) 'Water'
-            10: [82, 87, 92],      # (Dark Blue-Gray) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [46, 51, 56],      # (Dark Gray) 'Developed space'
-            12: [25, 31, 43],      # (Very Dark Blue) 'Road'
-            13: [56, 64, 82],      # (Dark Blue-Gray) 'Building'
-            14: [102, 97, 75],     # (Dark Yellow) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'grayscale':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],      # void (black)
-            -30: [253, 231, 37],  # (Pink) 'Landmark',
-            -17: [240, 240, 240], # 'plaster'
-            -16: [60, 60, 60],    # 'glass'
-            -15: [130, 130, 130], # 'stone'
-            -14: [150, 150, 150], # 'metal'
-            -13: [180, 180, 180], # 'concrete'
-            -12: [170, 170, 170], # 'wood'
-            -11: [70, 70, 70],    # 'brick'
-            -3: [190, 190, 190],  # Building
-            -2: [90, 90, 90],     # Tree
-            -1: [160, 160, 160],  # Underground
-            1: [230, 230, 230],   # 'Bareland'
-            2: [120, 120, 120],   # 'Rangeland'
-            3: [110, 110, 110],   # 'Shrub'
-            4: [115, 115, 115],   # 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [100, 100, 100],   # 'Tree'
-            6: [210, 210, 210],   # 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [95, 95, 95],      # 'Wet land'
-            8: [40, 40, 40],      # 'Mangrove'
-            9: [50, 50, 50],      # 'Water'
-            10: [220, 220, 220],  # 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [140, 140, 140],  # 'Developed space'
-            12: [30, 30, 30],     # 'Road'
-            13: [170, 170, 170],  # 'Building'
-            14: [230, 230, 230],  # 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'autumn':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],          # void
-            -30: [227, 66, 52],      # (Red) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [250, 240, 230],    # (Antique White) 'plaster'
-            -16: [94, 33, 41],       # (Dark Red) 'glass'
-            -15: [160, 120, 90],     # (Medium Brown) 'stone'
-            -14: [176, 141, 87],     # (Bronze) 'metal'
-            -13: [205, 186, 150],    # (Tan) 'concrete'
-            -12: [204, 85, 0],       # (Dark Orange) 'wood'
-            -11: [128, 55, 36],      # (Rust) 'brick'
-            -3: [222, 184, 135],     # (Tan) Building
-            -2: [107, 68, 35],       # (Brown) Tree
-            -1: [165, 105, 79],      # (Copper) Underground
-            1: [255, 235, 205],      # (Blanched Almond) 'Bareland'
-            2: [133, 99, 99],        # (Brown) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [139, 69, 19],        # (Saddle Brown) 'Shrub'
-            4: [160, 82, 45],        # (Sienna) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [101, 67, 33],        # (Dark Brown) 'Tree'
-            6: [255, 228, 196],      # (Bisque) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [138, 51, 36],        # (Rust) 'Wet land'
-            8: [85, 45, 23],         # (Deep Brown) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [175, 118, 70],       # (Light Brown) 'Water'
-            10: [255, 250, 240],     # (Floral White) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [188, 143, 143],     # (Rosy Brown) 'Developed space'
-            12: [69, 41, 33],        # (Very Dark Brown) 'Road'
-            13: [210, 180, 140],     # (Tan) 'Building'
-            14: [255, 235, 205],     # (Blanched Almond) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'cool':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],          # void
-            -30: [180, 82, 205],     # (Purple) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [240, 248, 255],    # (Alice Blue) 'plaster'
-            -16: [70, 130, 180],     # (Steel Blue) 'glass'
-            -15: [100, 149, 237],    # (Cornflower Blue) 'stone'
-            -14: [176, 196, 222],    # (Light Steel Blue) 'metal'
-            -13: [240, 255, 255],    # (Azure) 'concrete'
-            -12: [65, 105, 225],     # (Royal Blue) 'wood'
-            -11: [95, 158, 160],     # (Cadet Blue) 'brick'
-            -3: [135, 206, 235],     # (Sky Blue) Building
-            -2: [0, 128, 128],       # (Teal) Tree
-            -1: [127, 255, 212],     # (Aquamarine) Underground
-            1: [220, 240, 250],      # (Light Blue) 'Bareland'
-            2: [72, 209, 204],       # (Medium Turquoise) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [0, 191, 255],        # (Deep Sky Blue) 'Shrub'
-            4: [100, 149, 237],      # (Cornflower Blue) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [0, 128, 128],        # (Teal) 'Tree'
-            6: [175, 238, 238],      # (Pale Turquoise) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [32, 178, 170],       # (Light Sea Green) 'Wet land'
-            8: [25, 25, 112],        # (Midnight Blue) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [30, 144, 255],       # (Dodger Blue) 'Water'
-            10: [240, 255, 255],     # (Azure) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [119, 136, 153],     # (Light Slate Gray) 'Developed space'
-            12: [25, 25, 112],       # (Midnight Blue) 'Road'
-            13: [173, 216, 230],     # (Light Blue) 'Building'
-            14: [220, 240, 250],     # (Light Blue) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'earth_tones':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],          # void
-            -30: [210, 105, 30],     # (Chocolate) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [245, 245, 220],    # (Beige) 'plaster'
-            -16: [139, 137, 137],    # (Gray) 'glass'
-            -15: [160, 120, 90],     # (Medium Brown) 'stone'
-            -14: [169, 169, 169],    # (Dark Gray) 'metal'
-            -13: [190, 190, 180],    # (Light Gray-Tan) 'concrete'
-            -12: [160, 82, 45],      # (Sienna) 'wood'
-            -11: [139, 69, 19],      # (Saddle Brown) 'brick'
-            -3: [210, 180, 140],     # (Tan) Building
-            -2: [85, 107, 47],       # (Dark Olive Green) Tree
-            -1: [133, 94, 66],       # (Beaver) Underground
-            1: [222, 184, 135],      # (Burlywood) 'Bareland'
-            2: [107, 142, 35],       # (Olive Drab) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [85, 107, 47],        # (Dark Olive Green) 'Shrub'
-            4: [128, 128, 0],        # (Olive) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [34, 139, 34],        # (Forest Green) 'Tree'
-            6: [189, 183, 107],      # (Dark Khaki) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [143, 188, 143],      # (Dark Sea Green) 'Wet land'
-            8: [46, 139, 87],        # (Sea Green) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [95, 158, 160],       # (Cadet Blue) 'Water'
-            10: [238, 232, 205],     # (Light Tan) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [169, 169, 169],     # (Dark Gray) 'Developed space'
-            12: [90, 90, 90],        # (Dark Gray) 'Road'
-            13: [188, 170, 152],     # (Tan) 'Building'
-            14: [222, 184, 135],     # (Burlywood) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'vibrant':
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],          # void
-            -30: [255, 0, 255],      # (Magenta) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [255, 255, 255],    # (White) 'plaster'
-            -16: [0, 191, 255],      # (Deep Sky Blue) 'glass'
-            -15: [255, 215, 0],      # (Gold) 'stone'
-            -14: [0, 250, 154],      # (Medium Spring Green) 'metal'
-            -13: [211, 211, 211],    # (Light Gray) 'concrete'
-            -12: [255, 69, 0],       # (Orange Red) 'wood'
-            -11: [178, 34, 34],      # (Firebrick) 'brick'
-            -3: [123, 104, 238],     # (Medium Slate Blue) Building
-            -2: [50, 205, 50],       # (Lime Green) Tree
-            -1: [255, 20, 147],      # (Deep Pink) Underground
-            1: [255, 255, 0],        # (Yellow) 'Bareland'
-            2: [0, 255, 0],          # (Lime) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [0, 128, 0],          # (Green) 'Shrub'
-            4: [154, 205, 50],       # (Yellow Green) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [34, 139, 34],        # (Forest Green) 'Tree'
-            6: [127, 255, 0],        # (Chartreuse) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [64, 224, 208],       # (Turquoise) 'Wet land'
-            8: [0, 100, 0],          # (Dark Green) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [0, 0, 255],          # (Blue) 'Water'
-            10: [240, 248, 255],     # (Alice Blue) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [128, 128, 128],     # (Gray) 'Developed space'
-            12: [47, 79, 79],        # (Dark Slate Gray) 'Road'
-            13: [135, 206, 250],     # (Light Sky Blue) 'Building'
-            14: [255, 255, 224],     # (Light Yellow) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    # ------------------------------------------------
-    # NEWLY ADDED STYLISH COLOR SCHEMES BELOW:
-    # ------------------------------------------------
-    elif color_scheme == 'cyberpunk':
-        """
-        Vibrant neon purples, pinks, and blues with deep blacks.
-        Think futuristic city vibes and bright neon signs.
-        """
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],           # void (keep it pitch black)
-            -30: [255, 0, 255],       # (Neon Magenta) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [255, 255, 255],     # (Bright White) 'plaster'
-            -16: [0, 255, 255],       # (Neon Cyan) 'glass'
-            -15: [128, 0, 128],       # (Purple) 'stone'
-            -14: [50, 50, 50],        # (Dark Gray) 'metal'
-            -13: [102, 0, 102],       # (Dark Magenta) 'concrete'
-            -12: [255, 20, 147],      # (Deep Pink) 'wood'
-            -11: [153, 0, 76],        # (Deep Purple-Red) 'brick'
-            -3: [124, 0, 255],        # (Strong Neon Purple) Building
-            -2: [0, 255, 153],        # (Neon Greenish Cyan) Tree
-            -1: [255, 0, 102],        # (Hot Pink) Underground
-            1: [255, 255, 153],       # (Pale Yellow) 'Bareland'
-            2: [0, 204, 204],         # (Teal) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [153, 51, 255],        # (Light Purple) 'Shrub'
-            4: [0, 153, 255],         # (Bright Neon Blue) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [0, 255, 153],         # (Neon Greenish Cyan) 'Tree'
-            6: [204, 0, 255],         # (Vivid Violet) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [0, 255, 255],         # (Neon Cyan) 'Wet land'
-            8: [0, 102, 102],         # (Dark Teal) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [51, 0, 102],          # (Deep Indigo) 'Water'
-            10: [255, 255, 255],      # (White) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [102, 102, 102],      # (Gray) 'Developed space'
-            12: [0, 0, 0],            # (Black) 'Road'
-            13: [204, 51, 255],       # (Bright Magenta) 'Building'
-            14: [255, 255, 153],      # (Pale Yellow) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'tropical':
-        """
-        Bold, bright 'tropical vacation' color palette.
-        Lots of greens, oranges, pinks, reminiscent of island florals.
-        """
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],            # void
-            -30: [255, 99, 164],       # (Bright Tropical Pink) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [255, 248, 220],      # (Cornsilk) 'plaster'
-            -16: [0, 150, 136],        # (Teal) 'glass'
-            -15: [255, 140, 0],        # (Dark Orange) 'stone'
-            -14: [255, 215, 180],      # (Light Peach) 'metal'
-            -13: [210, 210, 210],      # (Light Gray) 'concrete'
-            -12: [255, 165, 0],        # (Orange) 'wood'
-            -11: [205, 92, 92],        # (Indian Red) 'brick'
-            -3: [255, 193, 37],        # (Tropical Yellow) Building
-            -2: [34, 139, 34],         # (Forest Green) Tree
-            -1: [255, 160, 122],       # (Light Salmon) Underground
-            1: [240, 230, 140],        # (Khaki) 'Bareland'
-            2: [60, 179, 113],         # (Medium Sea Green) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [46, 139, 87],          # (Sea Green) 'Shrub'
-            4: [255, 127, 80],         # (Coral) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [50, 205, 50],          # (Lime Green) 'Tree'
-            6: [255, 239, 213],        # (Papaya Whip) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [255, 99, 71],          # (Tomato) 'Wet land'
-            8: [47, 79, 79],           # (Dark Slate Gray) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [0, 128, 128],          # (Teal) 'Water'
-            10: [224, 255, 255],       # (Light Cyan) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [218, 112, 214],       # (Orchid) 'Developed space'
-            12: [85, 107, 47],         # (Dark Olive Green) 'Road'
-            13: [253, 245, 230],       # (Old Lace) 'Building'
-            14: [240, 230, 140],       # (Khaki) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'vintage':
-        """
-        A muted, old-photo or sepia-inspired palette 
-        for a nostalgic or antique look.
-        """
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],            # void
-            -30: [133, 94, 66],        # (Beaver/Brownish) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [250, 240, 230],      # (Antique White) 'plaster'
-            -16: [169, 157, 143],      # (Muted Brown-Gray) 'glass'
-            -15: [181, 166, 127],      # (Khaki Tan) 'stone'
-            -14: [120, 106, 93],       # (Faded Gray-Brown) 'metal'
-            -13: [190, 172, 145],      # (Light Brown) 'concrete'
-            -12: [146, 109, 83],       # (Leather Brown) 'wood'
-            -11: [125, 80, 70],        # (Dusty Brick) 'brick'
-            -3: [201, 174, 146],       # (Tanned Beige) Building
-            -2: [112, 98, 76],         # (Faded Olive-Brown) Tree
-            -1: [172, 140, 114],       # (Light Saddle Brown) Underground
-            1: [222, 202, 166],        # (Light Tan) 'Bareland'
-            2: [131, 114, 83],         # (Brownish) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [105, 96, 74],          # (Dark Olive Brown) 'Shrub'
-            4: [162, 141, 118],        # (Beige Brown) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [95, 85, 65],           # (Muted Dark Brown) 'Tree'
-            6: [212, 200, 180],        # (Off-White Tan) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [140, 108, 94],         # (Dusky Mauve-Brown) 'Wet land'
-            8: [85, 73, 60],           # (Dark Taupe) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [166, 152, 121],        # (Pale Brown) 'Water'
-            10: [250, 245, 235],       # (Light Antique White) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [120, 106, 93],        # (Faded Gray-Brown) 'Developed space'
-            12: [77, 66, 55],          # (Dark Taupe) 'Road'
-            13: [203, 188, 162],       # (Light Warm Gray) 'Building'
-            14: [222, 202, 166],       # (Light Tan) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    elif color_scheme == 'neon_dreams':
-        """
-        A super-bright, high-energy neon palette.
-        Perfect if you want a 'nightclub in 2080' vibe.
-        """
-        return {
-            -99: [0, 0, 0],           # void
-            -30: [255, 0, 255],       # (Magenta) 'Landmark'
-            -17: [255, 255, 255],     # (White) 'plaster'
-            -16: [0, 255, 255],       # (Cyan) 'glass'
-            -15: [255, 255, 0],       # (Yellow) 'stone'
-            -14: [0, 255, 0],         # (Lime) 'metal'
-            -13: [128, 128, 128],     # (Gray) 'concrete'
-            -12: [255, 165, 0],       # (Neon Orange) 'wood'
-            -11: [255, 20, 147],      # (Deep Pink) 'brick'
-            -3: [75, 0, 130],         # (Indigo) Building
-            -2: [102, 255, 0],        # (Bright Lime Green) Tree
-            -1: [255, 51, 153],       # (Neon Pink) Underground
-            1: [255, 153, 0],         # (Bright Orange) 'Bareland'
-            2: [153, 204, 0],         # (Vivid Yellow-Green) 'Rangeland'
-            3: [102, 205, 170],       # (Aquamarine-ish) 'Shrub'
-            4: [0, 250, 154],         # (Medium Spring Green) 'Agriculture land'
-            5: [173, 255, 47],        # (Green-Yellow) 'Tree'
-            6: [127, 255, 0],         # (Chartreuse) 'Moss and lichen'
-            7: [64, 224, 208],        # (Turquoise) 'Wet land'
-            8: [0, 128, 128],         # (Teal) 'Mangrove'
-            9: [0, 0, 255],           # (Blue) 'Water'
-            10: [224, 255, 255],      # (Light Cyan) 'Snow and ice'
-            11: [192, 192, 192],      # (Silver) 'Developed space'
-            12: [25, 25, 25],         # (Near Black) 'Road'
-            13: [75, 0, 130],         # (Indigo) 'Building'
-            14: [255, 153, 0],        # (Bright Orange) 'No Data'
-        }
-
-    else:
-        # If an unknown color scheme is specified, return the default
-        print(f"Unknown color scheme '{color_scheme}'. Using default instead.")
-        return get_voxel_color_map('default')
-
-def visualize_3d_voxel(voxel_grid, voxel_color_map = 'default', voxel_size=2.0, save_path=None):
-    """
-    Visualizes 3D voxel data using matplotlib's 3D plotting capabilities.
-    
-    This function creates a 3D visualization of voxel data where each non-zero voxel
-    is rendered as a colored cube. The colors are determined by the voxel values
-    and the specified color scheme. The visualization includes proper transparency
-    handling and aspect ratio adjustment.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    voxel_grid : numpy.ndarray
-        3D numpy array containing voxel data. Shape should be (x, y, z) where
-        each element represents a voxel class ID. Zero values are treated as empty space.
-        
-    voxel_color_map : str, optional
-        Name of the color scheme to use for voxel coloring. Default is 'default'.
-        See get_voxel_color_map() for available options.
-        
-    voxel_size : float, optional
-        Physical size of each voxel in meters. Used for z-axis scaling and labels.
-        Default is 2.0 meters.
-        
-    save_path : str, optional
-        File path to save the generated plot. If None, the plot is only displayed.
-        Default is None.
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    None
-        The function displays the plot and optionally saves it to file.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - Void voxels (value -99) are rendered transparent
-    - Underground voxels (value -1) and trees (value -2) have reduced transparency
-    - Z-axis ticks are automatically scaled to show real-world heights
-    - The plot aspect ratio is adjusted to maintain proper voxel proportions
-    - For large voxel grids, this function may be slow due to matplotlib's 3D rendering
-    
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> # Basic visualization
-    >>> visualize_3d_voxel(voxel_array)
-    
-    >>> # Use cyberpunk color scheme and save to file
-    >>> visualize_3d_voxel(voxel_array, 'cyberpunk', save_path='city_view.png')
-    
-    >>> # Adjust voxel size for different scale
-    >>> visualize_3d_voxel(voxel_array, voxel_size=1.0)
-    """
-    # Get the color mapping for the specified scheme
-    color_map = get_voxel_color_map(voxel_color_map)
-
-    print("\tVisualizing 3D voxel data")
-    # Create a figure and a 3D axis
-    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
-    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
-
-    print("\tProcessing voxels...")
-    # Create boolean mask for voxels that should be rendered (non-zero values)
-    filled_voxels = voxel_grid != 0
-    
-    # Initialize color array with RGBA values (Red, Green, Blue, Alpha)
-    colors = np.zeros(voxel_grid.shape + (4,))  # RGBA
-
-    # Process each possible voxel value and assign colors
-    for val in range(-99, 15):  # Updated range to include -3 and -2
-        # Create mask for voxels with this specific value
-        mask = voxel_grid == val
-        
-        if val in color_map:
-            # Convert RGB values from [0,255] to [0,1] range for matplotlib
-            rgb = [x/255 for x in color_map[val]]  # Normalize RGB values to [0, 1]
-            
-            # Set transparency based on voxel type
-            # alpha = 0.7 if ((val == -1) or (val == -2)) else 0.9  # More transparent for underground and below
-            alpha = 0.0 if (val == -99) else 1  # Void voxels are completely transparent
-            # alpha = 1
-            
-            # Assign RGBA color to all voxels of this type
-            colors[mask] = rgb + [alpha]
-        else:
-            # Default color for undefined voxel types
-            colors[mask] = [0, 0, 0, 0.9]  # Default color if not in color_map
-
-    # Render voxels with progress bar
-    with tqdm(total=np.prod(voxel_grid.shape)) as pbar:
-        ax.voxels(filled_voxels, facecolors=colors, edgecolors=None)
-        pbar.update(np.prod(voxel_grid.shape))
-
-    # print("Finalizing plot...")
-    # Set labels and title
-    # ax.set_xlabel('X')
-    # ax.set_ylabel('Y')
-    # ax.set_zlabel('Z (meters)')
-    # ax.set_title('3D Voxel Visualization')
-
-    # Configure z-axis ticks to show meaningful height values
-    # Adjust z-axis ticks to show every 10 cells or less
-    z_max = voxel_grid.shape[2]
-    if z_max <= 10:
-        z_ticks = range(0, z_max + 1)
-    else:
-        z_ticks = range(0, z_max + 1, 10)
-        
-    # Remove axes for cleaner appearance
-    ax.axis('off')
-    # ax.set_zticks(z_ticks)
-    # ax.set_zticklabels([f"{z * voxel_size:.1f}" for z in z_ticks])
-
-    # Set aspect ratio to be equal for realistic proportions
-    max_range = np.array([voxel_grid.shape[0], voxel_grid.shape[1], voxel_grid.shape[2]]).max()
-    ax.set_box_aspect((voxel_grid.shape[0]/max_range, voxel_grid.shape[1]/max_range, voxel_grid.shape[2]/max_range))
-
-    # Set z-axis limits to focus on the relevant height range
-    ax.set_zlim(bottom=0)
-    ax.set_zlim(top=150)
-
-    # print("Visualization complete. Displaying plot...")
-    plt.tight_layout()
-
-    # Save plot if path is provided
-    if save_path:
-        plt.savefig(save_path, dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
-    plt.show()
-
-def visualize_3d_voxel_plotly(voxel_grid, voxel_color_map = 'default', voxel_size=2.0):
-    """
-    Creates an interactive 3D visualization of voxel data using Plotly.
-    
-    This function generates an interactive 3D visualization using Plotly's Mesh3d
-    and Scatter3d objects. Each voxel is rendered as a cube with proper lighting
-    and edge visualization. The resulting plot supports interactive rotation,
-    zooming, and panning.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    voxel_grid : numpy.ndarray
-        3D numpy array containing voxel data. Shape should be (x, y, z) where
-        each element represents a voxel class ID. Zero values are treated as empty space.
-        
-    voxel_color_map : str, optional
-        Name of the color scheme to use for voxel coloring. Default is 'default'.
-        See get_voxel_color_map() for available options.
-        
-    voxel_size : float, optional
-        Physical size of each voxel in meters. Used for z-axis scaling and labels.
-        Default is 2.0 meters.
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    None
-        The function displays the interactive plot in the browser or notebook.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - Creates individual cube geometries for each non-zero voxel
-    - Includes edge lines for better visual definition
-    - Uses orthographic projection for technical visualization
-    - May be slow for very large voxel grids due to individual cube generation
-    - Lighting is optimized for clear visualization of building structures
-    
-    Technical Details:
-    ------------------
-    - Each cube is defined by 8 vertices and 12 triangular faces
-    - Edge lines are generated separately for visual clarity
-    - Color mapping follows the same convention as matplotlib version
-    - Camera is positioned for isometric view with orthographic projection
-    
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> # Basic interactive visualization
-    >>> visualize_3d_voxel_plotly(voxel_array)
-    
-    >>> # Use high contrast colors for better visibility
-    >>> visualize_3d_voxel_plotly(voxel_array, 'high_contrast')
-    
-    >>> # Adjust scale for different voxel sizes
-    >>> visualize_3d_voxel_plotly(voxel_array, voxel_size=1.0)
-    """
-    # Get the color mapping for the specified scheme
-    color_map = get_voxel_color_map(voxel_color_map)
-
-    print("Preparing visualization...")
-
-    print("Processing voxels...")
-    # Initialize lists to store mesh data
-    x, y, z = [], [], []  # Vertex coordinates
-    i, j, k = [], [], []  # Face indices (triangles)
-    colors = []           # Vertex colors
-    edge_x, edge_y, edge_z = [], [], []  # Edge line coordinates
-    vertex_index = 0      # Current vertex index counter
-
-    # Define cube faces using vertex indices
-    # Each cube has 12 triangular faces (2 per square face)
-    cube_i = [7, 0, 0, 0, 4, 4, 6, 6, 4, 0, 3, 2]
-    cube_j = [3, 4, 1, 2, 5, 6, 5, 2, 0, 1, 6, 3]
-    cube_k = [0, 7, 2, 3, 6, 7, 1, 1, 5, 5, 7, 6]
-
-    # Process each voxel in the grid
-    with tqdm(total=np.prod(voxel_grid.shape)) as pbar:
-        for xi in range(voxel_grid.shape[0]):
-            for yi in range(voxel_grid.shape[1]):
-                for zi in range(voxel_grid.shape[2]):
-                    # Only process non-zero voxels
-                    if voxel_grid[xi, yi, zi] != 0:
-                        # Define the 8 vertices of a unit cube at this position
-                        # Vertices are ordered: bottom face (z), then top face (z+1)
-                        cube_vertices = [
-                            [xi, yi, zi], [xi+1, yi, zi], [xi+1, yi+1, zi], [xi, yi+1, zi],        # Bottom face
-                            [xi, yi, zi+1], [xi+1, yi, zi+1], [xi+1, yi+1, zi+1], [xi, yi+1, zi+1]  # Top face
-                        ]
-                        
-                        # Add vertex coordinates to the mesh data
-                        x.extend([v[0] for v in cube_vertices])
-                        y.extend([v[1] for v in cube_vertices])
-                        z.extend([v[2] for v in cube_vertices])
-
-                        # Add face indices (offset by current vertex_index)
-                        i.extend([x + vertex_index for x in cube_i])
-                        j.extend([x + vertex_index for x in cube_j])
-                        k.extend([x + vertex_index for x in cube_k])
-
-                        # Get color for this voxel type and replicate for all 8 vertices
-                        color = color_map.get(voxel_grid[xi, yi, zi], [0, 0, 0])
-                        colors.extend([color] * 8)
-
-                        # Generate edge lines for visual clarity
-                        # Define the 12 edges of a cube (4 bottom + 4 top + 4 vertical)
-                        edges = [
-                            (0,1), (1,2), (2,3), (3,0),  # Bottom face edges
-                            (4,5), (5,6), (6,7), (7,4),  # Top face edges
-                            (0,4), (1,5), (2,6), (3,7)   # Vertical edges
-                        ]
-                        
-                        # Add edge coordinates (None creates line breaks between edges)
-                        for start, end in edges:
-                            edge_x.extend([cube_vertices[start][0], cube_vertices[end][0], None])
-                            edge_y.extend([cube_vertices[start][1], cube_vertices[end][1], None])
-                            edge_z.extend([cube_vertices[start][2], cube_vertices[end][2], None])
-
-                        # Increment vertex index for next cube
-                        vertex_index += 8
-                    pbar.update(1)
-
-    print("Creating Plotly figure...")
-    # Create 3D mesh object with vertices, faces, and colors
-    mesh = go.Mesh3d(
-        x=x, y=y, z=z,
-        i=i, j=j, k=k,
-        vertexcolor=colors,
-        opacity=1,
-        flatshading=True,
-        name='Voxel Grid'
-    )
-
-    # Configure lighting for better visualization
-    # Add lighting to the mesh
-    mesh.update(
-        lighting=dict(ambient=0.7,      # Ambient light (overall brightness)
-                      diffuse=1,        # Diffuse light (surface shading)
-                      fresnel=0.1,      # Fresnel effect (edge highlighting)
-                      specular=1,       # Specular highlights
-                      roughness=0.05,   # Surface roughness
-                      facenormalsepsilon=1e-15,
-                      vertexnormalsepsilon=1e-15),
-        lightposition=dict(x=100,       # Light source position
-                           y=200,
-                           z=0)
-    )
-
-    # Create edge lines for better visual definition
-    edges = go.Scatter3d(
-        x=edge_x, y=edge_y, z=edge_z,
-        mode='lines',
-        line=dict(color='lightgrey', width=1),
-        name='Edges'
-    )
-
-    # Combine mesh and edges into a figure
-    fig = go.Figure(data=[mesh, edges])
-
-    # Configure plot layout and camera settings
-    # Set labels, title, and use orthographic projection
-    fig.update_layout(
-        scene=dict(
-            xaxis_title='X',
-            yaxis_title='Y',
-            zaxis_title='Z (meters)',
-            aspectmode='data',          # Maintain data aspect ratios
-            camera=dict(
-                projection=dict(type="orthographic")  # Use orthographic projection
-            )
-        ),
-        title='3D Voxel Visualization'
-    )
-
-    # Configure z-axis to show real-world heights
-    # Adjust z-axis ticks to show every 10 cells or less
-    z_max = voxel_grid.shape[2]
-    if z_max <= 10:
-        z_ticks = list(range(0, z_max + 1))
-    else:
-        z_ticks = list(range(0, z_max + 1, 10))
-
-    # Update z-axis with meaningful height labels
-    fig.update_layout(
-        scene=dict(
-            zaxis=dict(
-                tickvals=z_ticks,
-                ticktext=[f"{z * voxel_size:.1f}" for z in z_ticks]
-            )
-        )
-    )
-
-    print("Visualization complete. Displaying plot...")
-    fig.show()
-
-def plot_grid(grid, origin, adjusted_meshsize, u_vec, v_vec, transformer, vertices, data_type, vmin=None, vmax=None, color_map=None, alpha=0.5, buf=0.2, edge=True, basemap='CartoDB light', **kwargs):
-    """
-    Core function for plotting 2D grid data overlaid on basemaps.
-    
-    This function handles the visualization of various types of grid data by creating
-    colored polygons for each grid cell and overlaying them on a web basemap. It supports
-    different data types with appropriate color schemes and handles special values like
-    NaN and zero appropriately.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    grid : numpy.ndarray
-        2D array containing the grid data values to visualize.
-        
-    origin : numpy.ndarray
-        Geographic coordinates [lon, lat] of the grid's origin point.
-        
-    adjusted_meshsize : float
-        Size of each grid cell in meters after grid size adjustments.
-        
-    u_vec, v_vec : numpy.ndarray
-        Unit vectors defining the grid orientation in geographic space.
-        
-    transformer : pyproj.Transformer
-        Coordinate transformer for converting between geographic and projected coordinates.
-        
-    vertices : list
-        List of [lon, lat] coordinates defining the grid boundary.
-        
-    data_type : str
-        Type of data being visualized. Supported types:
-        - 'land_cover': Land use/land cover classifications
-        - 'building_height': Building height values
-        - 'dem': Digital elevation model
-        - 'canopy_height': Vegetation height
-        - 'green_view_index': Green visibility index
-        - 'sky_view_index': Sky visibility factor
-        
-    vmin, vmax : float, optional
-        Min/max values for color scaling. Auto-calculated if not provided.
-        
-    color_map : str, optional
-        Matplotlib colormap name to override default schemes.
-        
-    alpha : float, optional
-        Transparency of grid overlay (0-1). Default is 0.5.
-        
-    buf : float, optional
-        Buffer around grid for plot extent as fraction of grid size. Default is 0.2.
-        
-    edge : bool, optional
-        Whether to draw cell edges. Default is True.
-        
-    basemap : str, optional
-        Basemap style name. Default is 'CartoDB light'.
-        
-    **kwargs : dict
-        Additional parameters specific to data types:
-        - land_cover_classes: Dictionary for land cover data
-        - buildings: List of building polygons for building_height data
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    None
-        Displays the plot with matplotlib.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - Grid is transposed to match geographic orientation
-    - Special handling for NaN, zero, and negative values depending on data type
-    - Basemap is added using contextily for geographic context
-    - Plot extent is automatically calculated from grid vertices
-    """
-    # Create matplotlib figure and axis
-    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 12))
-
-    # Configure visualization parameters based on data type
-    if data_type == 'land_cover':
-        # Land cover uses discrete color categories
-        land_cover_classes = kwargs.get('land_cover_classes')
-        colors = [mcolors.to_rgb(f'#{r:02x}{g:02x}{b:02x}') for r, g, b in land_cover_classes.keys()]
-        cmap = mcolors.ListedColormap(colors)
-        norm = mcolors.BoundaryNorm(range(len(land_cover_classes)+1), cmap.N)
-        title = 'Grid Cells with Dominant Land Cover Classes'
-        label = 'Land Cover Class'
-        tick_labels = list(land_cover_classes.values())
-        
-    elif data_type == 'building_height':
-        # Building height uses continuous colormap with special handling for zero/NaN
-        # Create a masked array to handle special values
-        masked_grid = np.ma.masked_array(grid, mask=(np.isnan(grid) | (grid == 0)))
-
-        # Set up colormap and normalization for positive values
-        cmap = plt.cm.viridis
-        if vmin is None:
-            vmin = np.nanmin(masked_grid[masked_grid > 0])
-        if vmax is None:
-            vmax = np.nanmax(masked_grid)
-        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-
-        title = 'Grid Cells with Building Heights'
-        label = 'Building Height (m)'
-        tick_labels = None
-        
-    elif data_type == 'dem':
-        # Digital elevation model uses terrain colormap
-        cmap = plt.cm.terrain
-        if vmin is None:
-            vmin = np.nanmin(grid)
-        if vmax is None:
-            vmax = np.nanmax(grid)
-        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-        title = 'DEM Grid Overlaid on Map'
-        label = 'Elevation (m)'
-        tick_labels = None
-    elif data_type == 'canopy_height':
-        cmap = plt.cm.Greens
-        if vmin is None:
-            vmin = np.nanmin(grid)
-        if vmax is None:
-            vmax = np.nanmax(grid)
-        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-        title = 'Canopy Height Grid Overlaid on Map'
-        label = 'Canopy Height (m)'
-        tick_labels = None
-    elif data_type == 'green_view_index':
-        cmap = plt.cm.Greens
-        if vmin is None:
-            vmin = np.nanmin(grid)
-        if vmax is None:
-            vmax = np.nanmax(grid)
-        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-        title = 'Green View Index Grid Overlaid on Map'
-        label = 'Green View Index'
-        tick_labels = None
-    elif data_type == 'sky_view_index':
-        cmap = plt.cm.get_cmap('BuPu_r').copy()
-        if vmin is None:
-            vmin = np.nanmin(grid)
-        if vmax is None:
-            vmax = np.nanmax(grid)
-        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-        title = 'Sky View Index Grid Overlaid on Map'
-        label = 'Sky View Index'
-        tick_labels = None
-    else:
-        cmap = plt.cm.viridis
-        if vmin is None:
-            vmin = np.nanmin(grid)
-        if vmax is None:
-            vmax = np.nanmax(grid)
-        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-        tick_labels = None
-        
-    if color_map:
-        # cmap = plt.cm.get_cmap(color_map).copy()
-        cmap = sns.color_palette(color_map, as_cmap=True).copy()
-
-    # Ensure grid is in the correct orientation
-    grid = grid.T
-
-    for i in range(grid.shape[0]):
-        for j in range(grid.shape[1]):
-            cell = create_cell_polygon(origin, j, i, adjusted_meshsize, u_vec, v_vec)  # Note the swap of i and j
-            x, y = cell.exterior.xy
-            x, y = zip(*[transformer.transform(lon, lat) for lat, lon in zip(x, y)])
-
-            value = grid[i, j]
-
-            if data_type == 'building_height':
-                if np.isnan(value):
-                    # White fill for NaN values
-                    ax.fill(x, y, alpha=alpha, fc='gray', ec='black' if edge else None, linewidth=0.1)
-                elif value == 0:
-                    # No fill for zero values, only edges if enabled
-                    if edge:
-                        ax.plot(x, y, color='black', linewidth=0.1)
-                elif value > 0:
-                    # Viridis colormap for positive values
-                    color = cmap(norm(value))
-                    ax.fill(x, y, alpha=alpha, fc=color, ec='black' if edge else None, linewidth=0.1)
-            elif data_type == 'canopy_height':
-                color = cmap(norm(value))
-                if value == 0:
-                    # No fill for zero values, only edges if enabled
-                    if edge:
-                        ax.plot(x, y, color='black', linewidth=0.1)
-                else:
-                    if edge:
-                        ax.fill(x, y, alpha=alpha, fc=color, ec='black', linewidth=0.1)
-                    else:
-                        ax.fill(x, y, alpha=alpha, fc=color, ec=None)
-            elif 'view' in data_type:
-                if np.isnan(value):
-                    # No fill for zero values, only edges if enabled
-                    if edge:
-                        ax.plot(x, y, color='black', linewidth=0.1)
-                elif value >= 0:
-                    # Viridis colormap for positive values
-                    color = cmap(norm(value))
-                    ax.fill(x, y, alpha=alpha, fc=color, ec='black' if edge else None, linewidth=0.1)
-            else:
-                color = cmap(norm(value))
-                if edge:
-                    ax.fill(x, y, alpha=alpha, fc=color, ec='black', linewidth=0.1)
-                else:
-                    ax.fill(x, y, alpha=alpha, fc=color, ec=None)
-
-    crs_epsg_3857 = CRS.from_epsg(3857)
-
-    basemaps = {
-      'CartoDB dark': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatter,  # Popular dark option
-      'CartoDB light': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Positron,  # Popular dark option
-      'CartoDB voyager': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager,  # Popular dark option
-      'CartoDB light no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.PositronNoLabels,  # Popular dark option
-      'CartoDB dark no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels,
-    }
-    ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=crs_epsg_3857, source=basemaps[basemap])
-    # if basemap == "dark":
-    #     ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=crs_epsg_3857, source=ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatter)
-    # elif basemap == 'light':
-    #     ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=crs_epsg_3857, source=ctx.providers.CartoDB.Positron)
-    # elif basemap == 'voyager':
-    #     ctx.add_basemap(ax, crs=crs_epsg_3857, source=ctx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager)
-
-    if data_type == 'building_height':
-        buildings = kwargs.get('buildings', [])
-        for building in buildings:
-            polygon = Polygon(building['geometry']['coordinates'][0])
-            x, y = polygon.exterior.xy
-            x, y = zip(*[transformer.transform(lon, lat) for lat, lon in zip(x, y)])
-            ax.plot(x, y, color='red', linewidth=1.5)
-            # print(polygon)
-
-    # Safe calculation of plot limits
-    all_coords = np.array(vertices)
-    x, y = zip(*[transformer.transform(lon, lat) for lat, lon in all_coords])
-
-    # Calculate limits safely
-    x_min, x_max = min(x), max(x)
-    y_min, y_max = min(y), max(y)
-
-    if x_min != x_max and y_min != y_max and buf != 0:
-        dist_x = x_max - x_min
-        dist_y = y_max - y_min
-        # Set limits with buffer
-        ax.set_xlim(x_min - buf * dist_x, x_max + buf * dist_x)
-        ax.set_ylim(y_min - buf * dist_y, y_max + buf * dist_y)
-    else:
-        # If coordinates are the same or buffer is 0, set limits without buffer
-        ax.set_xlim(x_min, x_max)
-        ax.set_ylim(y_min, y_max)
-
-    plt.axis('off')
-    plt.tight_layout()
-    plt.show()
-
-def display_builing_ids_on_map(building_geojson, rectangle_vertices):
-    """
-    Creates an interactive folium map displaying building footprints with selectable IDs.
-    
-    This function generates a web map showing building polygons within a circular area
-    around the center of the specified rectangle. Each building is labeled with its
-    ID and additional information, making it easy to identify specific buildings
-    for analysis or selection.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    building_geojson : list
-        List of GeoJSON feature dictionaries representing building polygons.
-        Each feature should have:
-        - 'geometry': GeoJSON polygon geometry
-        - 'properties': Dictionary with 'id' and optional 'name' fields
-        
-    rectangle_vertices : list
-        List of [lat, lon] coordinate pairs defining the area of interest.
-        Used to calculate the map center and intersection area.
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    folium.Map
-        Interactive folium map object with building polygons and labels.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - Only buildings intersecting with a 200m radius circle are displayed
-    - Building IDs are displayed as selectable text labels
-    - Map is automatically centered on the rectangle vertices
-    - Popup information includes building ID and name (if available)
-    - Building polygons are styled with blue color and semi-transparent fill
-    
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> vertices = [[40.7580, -73.9855], [40.7590, -73.9855], 
-    ...             [40.7590, -73.9845], [40.7580, -73.9845]]
-    >>> buildings = [{'geometry': {...}, 'properties': {'id': '123', 'name': 'Building A'}}]
-    >>> map_obj = display_builing_ids_on_map(buildings, vertices)
-    >>> map_obj.save('buildings_map.html')
-    """
-    # Parse the GeoJSON data
-    geojson_data = building_geojson
-
-    # Calculate the center point of the rectangle for map centering
-    # Extract all latitudes and longitudes
-    lats = [coord[0] for coord in rectangle_vertices]
-    lons = [coord[1] for coord in rectangle_vertices]
-    
-    # Calculate center by averaging min and max values
-    center_lat = (min(lats) + max(lats)) / 2
-    center_lon = (min(lons) + max(lons)) / 2
-
-    # Create circle polygon for intersection testing (200m radius)
-    circle = create_circle_polygon(center_lat, center_lon, 200)
-
-    # Create a map centered on the data
-    m = folium.Map(location=[center_lat, center_lon], zoom_start=17)
-
-    # Process each building feature
-    # Add building footprints to the map
-    for feature in geojson_data:
-        # Convert coordinates if needed
-        coords = convert_coordinates(feature['geometry']['coordinates'][0])
-        building_polygon = Polygon(coords)
-        
-        # Only process buildings that intersect with the circular area
-        # Check if building intersects with circle
-        if building_polygon.intersects(circle):
-            # Extract building information from properties
-            # Get and format building properties
-            # building_id = format_building_id(feature['properties'].get('id', 0))
-            building_id = str(feature['properties'].get('id', 0))
-            building_name = feature['properties'].get('name:en', 
-                                                    feature['properties'].get('name', f'Building {building_id}'))
-            
-            # Create popup content with selectable ID
-            popup_content = f"""
-            <div>
-                Building ID: <span style="user-select: all">{building_id}</span><br>
-                Name: {building_name}
-            </div>
-            """
-            
-            # Add building polygon to map with popup information
-            # Add polygon to map
-            folium.Polygon(
-                locations=coords,
-                popup=folium.Popup(popup_content),
-                color='blue',
-                weight=2,
-                fill=True,
-                fill_color='blue',
-                fill_opacity=0.2
-            ).add_to(m)
-            
-            # Add building ID label at the polygon centroid
-            # Calculate centroid for label placement
-            centroid = calculate_centroid(coords)
-            
-            # Add building ID as a selectable label
-            folium.Marker(
-                centroid,
-                icon=folium.DivIcon(
-                    html=f'''
-                    <div style="
-                        position: relative;
-                        font-family: monospace;
-                        font-size: 12px;
-                        color: black;
-                        background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
-                        padding: 5px 8px;
-                        margin: -10px -15px;
-                        border: 1px solid black;
-                        border-radius: 4px;
-                        user-select: all;
-                        cursor: text;
-                        white-space: nowrap;
-                        display: inline-block;
-                        box-shadow: 0 0 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
-                    ">{building_id}</div>
-                    ''',
-                    class_name="building-label"
-                )
-            ).add_to(m)
-
-    # Save the map
-    return m
-
-def visualize_land_cover_grid_on_map(grid, rectangle_vertices, meshsize, source = 'Urbanwatch', vmin=None, vmax=None, alpha=0.5, buf=0.2, edge=True, basemap='CartoDB light'):
-    """
-    Visualizes land cover classification grid overlaid on a basemap.
-    
-    This function creates a map visualization of land cover data using predefined
-    color schemes for different land cover classes. Each grid cell is colored
-    according to its dominant land cover type and overlaid on a web basemap
-    for geographic context.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    grid : numpy.ndarray
-        2D array containing land cover class indices. Values should correspond
-        to indices in the land cover classification system.
-        
-    rectangle_vertices : list
-        List of [lon, lat] coordinate pairs defining the grid boundary corners.
-        Should contain exactly 4 vertices in geographic coordinates.
-        
-    meshsize : float
-        Target size of each grid cell in meters. May be adjusted during processing.
-        
-    source : str, optional
-        Source of land cover classification system. Default is 'Urbanwatch'.
-        See get_land_cover_classes() for available options.
-        
-    vmin, vmax : float, optional
-        Not used for land cover (discrete categories). Included for API consistency.
-        
-    alpha : float, optional
-        Transparency of grid overlay (0-1). Default is 0.5.
-        
-    buf : float, optional
-        Buffer around grid for plot extent as fraction of grid size. Default is 0.2.
-        
-    edge : bool, optional
-        Whether to draw cell edges. Default is True.
-        
-    basemap : str, optional
-        Basemap style name. Options include:
-        - 'CartoDB light' (default)
-        - 'CartoDB dark'
-        - 'CartoDB voyager'
-        Default is 'CartoDB light'.
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    None
-        Displays the plot and prints information about unique land cover classes.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - Grid coordinates are calculated using geodetic calculations
-    - Land cover classes are mapped to predefined colors
-    - Unique classes present in the grid are printed for reference
-    - Uses Web Mercator projection (EPSG:3857) for basemap compatibility
-    
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> # Basic land cover visualization
-    >>> vertices = [[lon1, lat1], [lon2, lat2], [lon3, lat3], [lon4, lat4]]
-    >>> visualize_land_cover_grid_on_map(lc_grid, vertices, 10.0)
-    
-    >>> # With custom styling
-    >>> visualize_land_cover_grid_on_map(lc_grid, vertices, 10.0, 
-    ...                                  alpha=0.7, edge=False, 
-    ...                                  basemap='CartoDB dark')
-    """
-    # Initialize geodetic calculator for distance measurements
-    geod = initialize_geod()
-
-    # Get land cover class definitions and colors
-    land_cover_classes = get_land_cover_classes(source)
-
-    # Extract key vertices for grid calculations
-    vertex_0 = rectangle_vertices[0]
-    vertex_1 = rectangle_vertices[1]
-    vertex_3 = rectangle_vertices[3]
-
-    # Calculate distances between vertices using geodetic calculations
-    dist_side_1 = calculate_distance(geod, vertex_0[1], vertex_0[0], vertex_1[1], vertex_1[0])
-    dist_side_2 = calculate_distance(geod, vertex_0[1], vertex_0[0], vertex_3[1], vertex_3[0])
-
-    # Calculate side vectors in geographic coordinates
-    side_1 = np.array(vertex_1) - np.array(vertex_0)
-    side_2 = np.array(vertex_3) - np.array(vertex_0)
-
-    # Create normalized unit vectors for grid orientation
-    u_vec = normalize_to_one_meter(side_1, dist_side_1)
-    v_vec = normalize_to_one_meter(side_2, dist_side_2)
-
-    # Set grid origin and calculate optimal grid size
-    origin = np.array(rectangle_vertices[0])
-    grid_size, adjusted_meshsize = calculate_grid_size(side_1, side_2, u_vec, v_vec, meshsize)
-
-    print(f"Calculated grid size: {grid_size}")
-    # print(f"Adjusted mesh size: {adjusted_meshsize}")
-
-    # Set up coordinate transformation for basemap compatibility
-    geotiff_crs = CRS.from_epsg(3857)
-    transformer = setup_transformer(CRS.from_epsg(4326), geotiff_crs)
-
-    # Generate grid cell coordinates (not currently used but available for advanced processing)
-    cell_coords = create_coordinate_mesh(origin, grid_size, adjusted_meshsize, u_vec, v_vec)
-    cell_coords_flat = cell_coords.reshape(2, -1).T
-    transformed_coords = np.array([transform_coords(transformer, lon, lat) for lat, lon in cell_coords_flat])
-    transformed_coords = transformed_coords.reshape(grid_size[::-1] + (2,))
-
-    # print(f"Grid shape: {grid.shape}")
-
-    # Create the visualization using the general plot_grid function
-    plot_grid(grid, origin, adjusted_meshsize, u_vec, v_vec, transformer,
-              rectangle_vertices, 'land_cover', alpha=alpha, buf=buf, edge=edge, basemap=basemap, land_cover_classes=land_cover_classes)
-
-    # Display information about the land cover classes present in the grid
-    unique_indices = np.unique(grid)
-    unique_classes = [list(land_cover_classes.values())[i] for i in unique_indices]
-    # print(f"Unique classes in the grid: {unique_classes}")
-
-def visualize_building_height_grid_on_map(building_height_grid, filtered_buildings, rectangle_vertices, meshsize, vmin=None, vmax=None, color_map=None, alpha=0.5, buf=0.2, edge=True, basemap='CartoDB light'):
-    # Calculate grid and normalize vectors
-    geod = initialize_geod()
-    vertex_0, vertex_1, vertex_3 = rectangle_vertices[0], rectangle_vertices[1], rectangle_vertices[3]
-
-    dist_side_1 = calculate_distance(geod, vertex_0[1], vertex_0[0], vertex_1[1], vertex_1[0])
-    dist_side_2 = calculate_distance(geod, vertex_0[1], vertex_0[0], vertex_3[1], vertex_3[0])
-
-    side_1 = np.array(vertex_1) - np.array(vertex_0)
-    side_2 = np.array(vertex_3) - np.array(vertex_0)
-
-    u_vec = normalize_to_one_meter(side_1, dist_side_1)
-    v_vec = normalize_to_one_meter(side_2, dist_side_2)
-
-    origin = np.array(rectangle_vertices[0])
-    _, adjusted_meshsize = calculate_grid_size(side_1, side_2, u_vec, v_vec, meshsize)
-
-    # Setup transformer and plotting extent
-    transformer = setup_transformer(CRS.from_epsg(4326), CRS.from_epsg(3857))
-
-    # Plot the results
-    plot_grid(building_height_grid, origin, adjusted_meshsize, u_vec, v_vec, transformer,
-              rectangle_vertices, 'building_height', vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, color_map=color_map, alpha=alpha, buf=buf, edge=edge, basemap=basemap, buildings=filtered_buildings)
-    
-def visualize_numerical_grid_on_map(canopy_height_grid, rectangle_vertices, meshsize, type, vmin=None, vmax=None, color_map=None, alpha=0.5, buf=0.2, edge=True, basemap='CartoDB light'):
-    # Calculate grid and normalize vectors
-    geod = initialize_geod()
-    vertex_0, vertex_1, vertex_3 = rectangle_vertices[0], rectangle_vertices[1], rectangle_vertices[3]
-
-    dist_side_1 = calculate_distance(geod, vertex_0[1], vertex_0[0], vertex_1[1], vertex_1[0])
-    dist_side_2 = calculate_distance(geod, vertex_0[1], vertex_0[0], vertex_3[1], vertex_3[0])
-
-    side_1 = np.array(vertex_1) - np.array(vertex_0)
-    side_2 = np.array(vertex_3) - np.array(vertex_0)
-
-    u_vec = normalize_to_one_meter(side_1, dist_side_1)
-    v_vec = normalize_to_one_meter(side_2, dist_side_2)
-
-    origin = np.array(rectangle_vertices[0])
-    _, adjusted_meshsize = calculate_grid_size(side_1, side_2, u_vec, v_vec, meshsize) 
-
-    # Setup transformer and plotting extent
-    transformer = setup_transformer(CRS.from_epsg(4326), CRS.from_epsg(3857))
-
-    # Plot the results
-    plot_grid(canopy_height_grid, origin, adjusted_meshsize, u_vec, v_vec, transformer,
-              rectangle_vertices, type, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, color_map=color_map, alpha=alpha, buf=buf, edge=edge, basemap=basemap)
-
-def visualize_land_cover_grid(grid, mesh_size, color_map, land_cover_classes):
-    all_classes = list(land_cover_classes.values())
-    unique_classes = list(dict.fromkeys(all_classes))  # Preserve order and remove duplicates
-
-    colors = [color_map[cls] for cls in unique_classes]
-    cmap = mcolors.ListedColormap(colors)
-
-    bounds = np.arange(len(unique_classes) + 1)
-    norm = mcolors.BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)
-
-    class_to_num = {cls: i for i, cls in enumerate(unique_classes)}
-    numeric_grid = np.vectorize(class_to_num.get)(grid)
-
-    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
-    im = plt.imshow(numeric_grid, cmap=cmap, norm=norm, interpolation='nearest')
-    cbar = plt.colorbar(im, ticks=bounds[:-1] + 0.5)
-    cbar.set_ticklabels(unique_classes)
-    plt.title(f'Land Use/Land Cover Grid (Mesh Size: {mesh_size}m)')
-    plt.xlabel('Grid Cells (X)')
-    plt.ylabel('Grid Cells (Y)')
-    plt.show()
-
-def visualize_numerical_grid(grid, mesh_size, title, cmap='viridis', label='Value', vmin=None, vmax=None):
-    plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
-    plt.imshow(grid, cmap=cmap, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-    plt.colorbar(label=label)
-    plt.title(f'{title} (Mesh Size: {mesh_size}m)')
-    plt.xlabel('Grid Cells (X)')
-    plt.ylabel('Grid Cells (Y)')
-    plt.show()
-
-def convert_coordinates(coords):
-    return coords
-
-def calculate_centroid(coords):
-    lat_sum = sum(coord[0] for coord in coords)
-    lon_sum = sum(coord[1] for coord in coords)
-    return [lat_sum / len(coords), lon_sum / len(coords)]
-
-def calculate_center(features):
-    lats = []
-    lons = []
-    for feature in features:
-        coords = feature['geometry']['coordinates'][0]
-        for lat, lon in coords:
-            lats.append(lat)
-            lons.append(lon)
-    return sum(lats) / len(lats), sum(lons) / len(lons)
-
-def create_circle_polygon(center_lat, center_lon, radius_meters):
-    """Create a circular polygon with given center and radius"""
-    # Convert radius from meters to degrees (approximate)
-    radius_deg = radius_meters / 111000  # 1 degree ≈ 111km at equator
-    
-    # Create circle points
-    points = []
-    for angle in range(361):  # 0 to 360 degrees
-        rad = math.radians(angle)
-        lat = center_lat + (radius_deg * math.cos(rad))
-        lon = center_lon + (radius_deg * math.sin(rad) / math.cos(math.radians(center_lat)))
-        points.append((lat, lon))
-    return Polygon(points)
-
-def visualize_landcover_grid_on_basemap(landcover_grid, rectangle_vertices, meshsize, source='Standard', alpha=0.6, figsize=(12, 8), 
-                                     basemap='CartoDB light', show_edge=False, edge_color='black', edge_width=0.5):
-    """Visualizes a land cover grid GeoDataFrame using predefined color schemes.
-    
-    Args:
-        gdf: GeoDataFrame containing grid cells with 'geometry' and 'value' columns
-        source: Source of land cover classification (e.g., 'Standard', 'Urbanwatch', etc.)
-        title: Title for the plot (default: None)
-        alpha: Transparency of the grid overlay (default: 0.6)
-        figsize: Figure size in inches (default: (12, 8))
-        basemap: Basemap style (default: 'CartoDB light')
-        show_edge: Whether to show cell edges (default: True)
-        edge_color: Color of cell edges (default: 'black')
-        edge_width: Width of cell edges (default: 0.5)
-    """
-    # Get land cover classes and colors
-    land_cover_classes = get_land_cover_classes(source)
-
-    gdf = grid_to_geodataframe(landcover_grid, rectangle_vertices, meshsize)
-    
-    # Convert RGB tuples to normalized RGB values
-    colors = [(r/255, g/255, b/255) for (r,g,b) in land_cover_classes.keys()]
-    
-    # Create custom colormap
-    cmap = ListedColormap(colors)
-    
-    # Create bounds for discrete colorbar
-    bounds = np.arange(len(colors) + 1)
-    norm = BoundaryNorm(bounds, cmap.N)
-    
-    # Convert to Web Mercator
-    gdf_web = gdf.to_crs(epsg=3857)
-    
-    # Create figure and axis
-    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize)
-    
-    # Plot the GeoDataFrame
-    gdf_web.plot(column='value',
-                 ax=ax,
-                 alpha=alpha,
-                 cmap=cmap,
-                 norm=norm,
-                 legend=True,
-                 legend_kwds={
-                     'label': 'Land Cover Class',
-                     'ticks': bounds[:-1] + 0.5,
-                     'boundaries': bounds,
-                     'format': lambda x, p: list(land_cover_classes.values())[int(x)]
-                 },
-                 edgecolor=edge_color if show_edge else 'none',
-                 linewidth=edge_width if show_edge else 0)
-    
-    # Add basemap
-    basemaps = {
-        'CartoDB dark': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatter,
-        'CartoDB light': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Positron,
-        'CartoDB voyager': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager,
-        'CartoDB light no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.PositronNoLabels,
-        'CartoDB dark no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels,
-    }
-    ctx.add_basemap(ax, source=basemaps[basemap])
-    
-    # Set title and remove axes
-    ax.set_axis_off()
-    
-    plt.tight_layout()
-    plt.show()
-
-def visualize_numerical_grid_on_basemap(grid, rectangle_vertices, meshsize, value_name="value", cmap='viridis', vmin=None, vmax=None, 
-                                          alpha=0.6, figsize=(12, 8), basemap='CartoDB light',
-                                          show_edge=False, edge_color='black', edge_width=0.5):
-    """Visualizes a numerical grid GeoDataFrame (e.g., heights) on a basemap.
-    
-    Args:
-        gdf: GeoDataFrame containing grid cells with 'geometry' and 'value' columns
-        title: Title for the plot (default: None)
-        cmap: Colormap to use (default: 'viridis')
-        vmin: Minimum value for colormap scaling (default: None)
-        vmax: Maximum value for colormap scaling (default: None)
-        alpha: Transparency of the grid overlay (default: 0.6)
-        figsize: Figure size in inches (default: (12, 8))
-        basemap: Basemap style (default: 'CartoDB light')
-        show_edge: Whether to show cell edges (default: True)
-        edge_color: Color of cell edges (default: 'black')
-        edge_width: Width of cell edges (default: 0.5)
-    """
-
-    gdf = grid_to_geodataframe(grid, rectangle_vertices, meshsize)
-
-    # Convert to Web Mercator
-    gdf_web = gdf.to_crs(epsg=3857)
-    
-    # Create figure and axis
-    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize)
-    
-    # Plot the GeoDataFrame
-    gdf_web.plot(column='value',
-                 ax=ax,
-                 alpha=alpha,
-                 cmap=cmap,
-                 vmin=vmin,
-                 vmax=vmax,
-                 legend=True,
-                 legend_kwds={'label': value_name},
-                 edgecolor=edge_color if show_edge else 'none',
-                 linewidth=edge_width if show_edge else 0)
-    
-    # Add basemap
-    basemaps = {
-        'CartoDB dark': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatter,
-        'CartoDB light': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Positron,
-        'CartoDB voyager': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager,
-        'CartoDB light no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.PositronNoLabels,
-        'CartoDB dark no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels,
-    }
-    ctx.add_basemap(ax, source=basemaps[basemap])
-    
-    # Set title and remove axes
-    ax.set_axis_off()
-    
-    plt.tight_layout()
-    plt.show()
-
-def visualize_numerical_gdf_on_basemap(gdf, value_name="value", cmap='viridis', vmin=None, vmax=None,
-                            alpha=0.6, figsize=(12, 8), basemap='CartoDB light',
-                            show_edge=False, edge_color='black', edge_width=0.5,
-                            input_crs=None):
-    """Visualizes a GeoDataFrame with numerical values on a basemap.
-    
-    Args:
-        gdf: GeoDataFrame containing grid cells with 'geometry' and 'value' columns
-        value_name: Name of the value column and legend label (default: "value")
-        cmap: Colormap to use (default: 'viridis')
-        vmin: Minimum value for colormap scaling (default: None)
-        vmax: Maximum value for colormap scaling (default: None)
-        alpha: Transparency of the grid overlay (default: 0.6)
-        figsize: Figure size in inches (default: (12, 8))
-        basemap: Basemap style (default: 'CartoDB light')
-        show_edge: Whether to show cell edges (default: False)
-        edge_color: Color of cell edges (default: 'black')
-        edge_width: Width of cell edges (default: 0.5)
-        input_crs: Optional CRS to assign if the GeoDataFrame has no CRS. If not provided
-            and CRS is missing, the function will attempt to infer WGS84 (EPSG:4326)
-            when coordinates look like lon/lat; otherwise it will raise a clear error.
-    """
-    # Ensure CRS is defined; if missing, assign or infer
-    if gdf.crs is None:
-        if input_crs is not None:
-            gdf = gdf.set_crs(input_crs, allow_override=True)
-        else:
-            # Try to infer WGS84 if bounds look like lon/lat
-            try:
-                minx, miny, maxx, maxy = gdf.total_bounds
-                looks_like_lonlat = (
-                    -180.0 <= minx <= 180.0 and -180.0 <= maxx <= 180.0 and
-                    -90.0 <= miny <= 90.0 and -90.0 <= maxy <= 90.0
-                )
-            except Exception:
-                looks_like_lonlat = False
-            if looks_like_lonlat:
-                gdf = gdf.set_crs("EPSG:4326", allow_override=True)
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "Input GeoDataFrame has no CRS. Provide 'input_crs' (e.g., 'EPSG:4326' or 'EPSG:XXXX') "
-                    "or set gdf.crs before calling visualize_numerical_gdf_on_basemap."
-                )
-
-    # Convert to Web Mercator if not already in that CRS
-    if str(gdf.crs) != 'EPSG:3857':
-        gdf_web = gdf.to_crs(epsg=3857)
-    else:
-        gdf_web = gdf
-    
-    # Create figure and axis
-    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=figsize)
-    
-    # Plot the GeoDataFrame
-    gdf_web.plot(column=value_name,
-                 ax=ax,
-                 alpha=alpha,
-                 cmap=cmap,
-                 vmin=vmin,
-                 vmax=vmax,
-                 legend=True,
-                 legend_kwds={'label': value_name},
-                 edgecolor=edge_color if show_edge else 'none',
-                 linewidth=edge_width if show_edge else 0)
-    
-    # Add basemap
-    basemaps = {
-        'CartoDB dark': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatter,
-        'CartoDB light': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Positron,
-        'CartoDB voyager': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager,
-        'CartoDB light no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.PositronNoLabels,
-        'CartoDB dark no labels': ctx.providers.CartoDB.DarkMatterNoLabels,
-    }
-    ctx.add_basemap(ax, source=basemaps[basemap])
-    
-    # Set title and remove axes
-    ax.set_axis_off()
-    
-    plt.tight_layout()
-    plt.show()
-
-def visualize_point_gdf_on_basemap(point_gdf, value_name='value', **kwargs):
-    """Visualizes a point GeoDataFrame on a basemap with colors based on values.
-    
-    Args:
-        point_gdf: GeoDataFrame with point geometries and values
-        value_name: Name of the column containing values to visualize (default: 'value')
-        **kwargs: Optional visualization parameters including:
-            - figsize: Tuple for figure size (default: (12, 8))
-            - colormap: Matplotlib colormap name (default: 'viridis')
-            - markersize: Size of points (default: 20)
-            - alpha: Transparency of points (default: 0.7)
-            - vmin: Minimum value for colormap scaling (default: None)
-            - vmax: Maximum value for colormap scaling (default: None)
-            - title: Plot title (default: None)
-            - basemap_style: Contextily basemap style (default: CartoDB.Positron)
-            - zoom: Basemap zoom level (default: 15)
-            
-    Returns:
-        matplotlib figure and axis objects
-    """
-    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
-    import contextily as ctx
-    
-    # Set default parameters
-    defaults = {
-        'figsize': (12, 8),
-        'colormap': 'viridis',
-        'markersize': 20,
-        'alpha': 0.7,
-        'vmin': None,
-        'vmax': None,
-        'title': None,
-        'basemap_style': ctx.providers.CartoDB.Positron,
-        'zoom': 15
-    }
-    
-    # Update defaults with provided kwargs
-    settings = {**defaults, **kwargs}
-    
-    # Create figure and axis
-    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=settings['figsize'])
-    
-    # Convert to Web Mercator for basemap compatibility
-    point_gdf_web = point_gdf.to_crs(epsg=3857)
-    
-    # Plot points
-    scatter = point_gdf_web.plot(
-        column=value_name,
-        ax=ax,
-        cmap=settings['colormap'],
-        markersize=settings['markersize'],
-        alpha=settings['alpha'],
-        vmin=settings['vmin'],
-        vmax=settings['vmax'],
-        legend=True,
-        legend_kwds={
-            'label': value_name,
-            'orientation': 'vertical',
-            'shrink': 0.8
-        }
-    )
-    
-    # Add basemap
-    ctx.add_basemap(
-        ax,
-        source=settings['basemap_style'],
-        zoom=settings['zoom']
-    )
-    
-    # Set title if provided
-    if settings['title']:
-        plt.title(settings['title'])
-    
-    # Remove axes
-    ax.set_axis_off()
-    
-    # Adjust layout to prevent colorbar cutoff
-    plt.tight_layout()
-    plt.show()
-
-def create_multi_view_scene(meshes, output_directory="output", projection_type="perspective", distance_factor=1.0):
-    """
-    Creates multiple rendered views of 3D city meshes from different camera angles.
-    
-    This function generates a comprehensive set of views including isometric and
-    orthographic projections of the 3D city model. Each view is rendered as a
-    high-quality image and saved to the specified directory.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    meshes : dict
-        Dictionary mapping mesh names/IDs to trimesh.Trimesh objects.
-        Each mesh represents a different component of the city model.
-        
-    output_directory : str, optional
-        Directory path where rendered images will be saved. Default is "output".
-        
-    projection_type : str, optional
-        Camera projection type. Options:
-        - "perspective": Natural perspective projection (default)
-        - "orthographic": Technical orthographic projection
-        
-    distance_factor : float, optional
-        Multiplier for camera distance from the scene. Default is 1.0.
-        Higher values move camera further away, lower values bring it closer.
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    list of tuple
-        List of (view_name, filename) pairs for each generated image.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - Generates 9 different views: 4 isometric + 5 orthographic
-    - Isometric views: front-right, front-left, back-right, back-left
-    - Orthographic views: top, front, back, left, right
-    - Uses PyVista for high-quality rendering with proper lighting
-    - Camera positions are automatically calculated based on scene bounds
-    - Images are saved as PNG files with high DPI
-    
-    Technical Details:
-    ------------------
-    - Scene bounding box is computed from all mesh vertices
-    - Camera distance is scaled based on scene diagonal
-    - Orthographic projection uses parallel scaling for technical drawings
-    - Each view uses optimized lighting for clarity
-    
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> meshes = {'buildings': building_mesh, 'ground': ground_mesh}
-    >>> views = create_multi_view_scene(meshes, "renders/", "orthographic", 1.5)
-    >>> print(f"Generated {len(views)} views")
-    """
-    # Precompute PyVista meshes once to avoid repeated conversion per view
-    pv_meshes = {}
-    for class_id, mesh in meshes.items():
-        if mesh is None or len(mesh.vertices) == 0 or len(mesh.faces) == 0:
-            continue
-        # PyVista expects a faces array where each face is prefixed by its vertex count (3 for triangles)
-        faces = np.hstack([[3, *face] for face in mesh.faces])
-        pv_mesh = pv.PolyData(mesh.vertices, faces)
-        # Attach per-cell colors if provided
-        colors = getattr(mesh.visual, 'face_colors', None)
-        if colors is not None:
-            colors = np.asarray(colors)
-            if colors.size and colors.max() > 1:
-                colors = colors / 255.0
-            pv_mesh.cell_data['colors'] = colors
-        pv_meshes[class_id] = pv_mesh
-
-    # Compute overall bounding box across all meshes without stacking
-    min_xyz = np.array([np.inf, np.inf, np.inf], dtype=float)
-    max_xyz = np.array([-np.inf, -np.inf, -np.inf], dtype=float)
-    for mesh in meshes.values():
-        if mesh is None or len(mesh.vertices) == 0:
-            continue
-        v = mesh.vertices
-        # update mins and maxs
-        min_xyz = np.minimum(min_xyz, v.min(axis=0))
-        max_xyz = np.maximum(max_xyz, v.max(axis=0))
-    bbox = np.vstack([min_xyz, max_xyz])
-
-    # Compute the center and diagonal of the bounding box
-    center = (bbox[1] + bbox[0]) / 2
-    diagonal = np.linalg.norm(bbox[1] - bbox[0])
-
-    # Adjust distance based on projection type
-    if projection_type.lower() == "orthographic":
-        distance = diagonal * 5  # Increase distance for orthographic to capture full scene
-    else:
-        distance = diagonal * 1.8 * distance_factor  # Original distance for perspective
-
-    # Define the isometric viewing angles
-    iso_angles = {
-        'iso_front_right': (1, 1, 0.7),
-        'iso_front_left': (-1, 1, 0.7),
-        'iso_back_right': (1, -1, 0.7),
-        'iso_back_left': (-1, -1, 0.7)
-    }
-
-    # Compute camera positions for isometric views
-    camera_positions = {}
-    for name, direction in iso_angles.items():
-        direction = np.array(direction)
-        direction = direction / np.linalg.norm(direction)
-        camera_pos = center + direction * distance
-        camera_positions[name] = [camera_pos, center, (0, 0, 1)]
-
-    # Add orthographic views
-    ortho_views = {
-        'xy_top': [center + np.array([0, 0, distance]), center, (-1, 0, 0)],
-        'yz_right': [center + np.array([distance, 0, 0]), center, (0, 0, 1)],
-        'xz_front': [center + np.array([0, distance, 0]), center, (0, 0, 1)],
-        'yz_left': [center + np.array([-distance, 0, 0]), center, (0, 0, 1)],
-        'xz_back': [center + np.array([0, -distance, 0]), center, (0, 0, 1)]
-    }
-    camera_positions.update(ortho_views)
-
-    images = []
-    for view_name, camera_pos in camera_positions.items():
-        # Create new plotter for each view (avoid notebook backend in headless/CI)
-        plotter = pv.Plotter(off_screen=True)
-        
-        # Set the projection type
-        if projection_type.lower() == "orthographic":
-            plotter.enable_parallel_projection()
-            # Set parallel scale to ensure the whole scene is visible
-            plotter.camera.parallel_scale = diagonal * 0.4 * distance_factor  # Adjust this factor as needed
-
-        elif projection_type.lower() != "perspective":
-            print(f"Warning: Unknown projection_type '{projection_type}'. Using perspective projection.")
-
-        # Add each precomputed mesh to the scene
-        for class_id, pv_mesh in pv_meshes.items():
-            has_colors = 'colors' in pv_mesh.cell_data
-            plotter.add_mesh(
-                pv_mesh,
-                rgb=True,
-                scalars='colors' if has_colors else None
-            )
-
-        # Set camera position for this view
-        plotter.camera_position = camera_pos
-
-        # Save screenshot
-        filename = f'{output_directory}/city_view_{view_name}.png'
-        plotter.screenshot(filename)
-        images.append((view_name, filename))
-        plotter.close()
-
-    return images
-
-def visualize_voxcity_multi_view(voxel_array, meshsize, **kwargs):
-    """
-    Creates comprehensive 3D visualizations of voxel city data with multiple viewing angles.
-    
-    This is the primary function for generating publication-quality renderings of voxel
-    city models. It converts voxel data to 3D meshes, optionally overlays simulation
-    results, and produces multiple rendered views from different camera positions.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    voxel_array : numpy.ndarray
-        3D array containing voxel class IDs. Shape should be (x, y, z).
-        
-    meshsize : float
-        Physical size of each voxel in meters.
-        
-    **kwargs : dict
-        Optional visualization parameters:
-        
-        Color and Style:
-        - voxel_color_map (str): Color scheme name, default 'default'
-        - output_directory (str): Directory for output files, default 'output'
-        - output_file_name (str): Base name for exported files
-        
-        Simulation Overlay:
-        - sim_grid (numpy.ndarray): 2D simulation results to overlay
-        - dem_grid (numpy.ndarray): Digital elevation model for height reference
-        - view_point_height (float): Height offset for simulation surface, default 1.5m
-        - colormap (str): Matplotlib colormap for simulation data, default 'viridis'
-        - vmin, vmax (float): Color scale limits for simulation data
-        
-        Camera and Rendering:
-        - projection_type (str): 'perspective' or 'orthographic', default 'perspective'
-        - distance_factor (float): Camera distance multiplier, default 1.0
-        - window_width, window_height (int): Render resolution, default 1024x768
-        
-        Output Control:
-        - show_views (bool): Whether to display rendered views, default True
-        - save_obj (bool): Whether to export OBJ mesh files, default False
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    None
-        Displays rendered views and optionally saves files to disk.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    - Automatically configures PyVista for headless rendering
-    - Generates meshes for each voxel class with appropriate colors
-    - Creates colorbar for simulation data if provided
-    - Produces 9 different camera views (4 isometric + 5 orthographic)
-    - Exports mesh files in OBJ format if requested
-    
-    Technical Requirements:
-    -----------------------
-    - Requires Xvfb for headless rendering on Linux systems
-    - Uses PyVista for high-quality 3D rendering
-    - Simulation data is interpolated onto elevated surface mesh
-    
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> # Basic visualization
-    >>> visualize_voxcity_multi_view(voxel_array, meshsize=2.0)
-    
-    >>> # With simulation results overlay
-    >>> visualize_voxcity_multi_view(
-    ...     voxel_array, 2.0,
-    ...     sim_grid=temperature_data,
-    ...     dem_grid=elevation_data,
-    ...     colormap='plasma',
-    ...     output_file_name='temperature_analysis'
-    ... )
-    
-    >>> # High-resolution orthographic technical drawings
-    >>> visualize_voxcity_multi_view(
-    ...     voxel_array, 2.0,
-    ...     projection_type='orthographic',
-    ...     window_width=2048,
-    ...     window_height=1536,
-    ...     save_obj=True
-    ... )
-    """
-    # Configure PyVista settings for high-quality rendering
-    pv.set_plot_theme('document')
-    pv.global_theme.background = 'white'
-    pv.global_theme.window_size = [1024, 768]
-    pv.global_theme.jupyter_backend = 'static'
-    
-    # Parse visualization parameters from kwargs
-    voxel_color_map = kwargs.get("voxel_color_map", 'default')
-    vox_dict = get_voxel_color_map(voxel_color_map)
-    output_directory = kwargs.get("output_directory", 'output')
-    base_filename = kwargs.get("output_file_name", None)
-    sim_grid = kwargs.get("sim_grid", None)
-    dem_grid_ori = kwargs.get("dem_grid", None)
-    
-    # Normalize DEM grid to start from zero elevation
-    if dem_grid_ori is not None:
-        dem_grid = dem_grid_ori - np.min(dem_grid_ori)
-        
-    # Simulation overlay parameters
-    z_offset = kwargs.get("view_point_height", 1.5)
-    cmap_name = kwargs.get("colormap", "viridis")
-    vmin = kwargs.get("vmin", np.nanmin(sim_grid) if sim_grid is not None else None)
-    vmax = kwargs.get("vmax", np.nanmax(sim_grid) if sim_grid is not None else None)
-    
-    # Camera and rendering parameters
-    projection_type = kwargs.get("projection_type", "perspective")
-    distance_factor = kwargs.get("distance_factor", 1.0)
-    
-    # Output control parameters
-    save_obj = kwargs.get("save_obj", False)
-    show_views = kwargs.get("show_views", True)
-    # Disable rendering in CI/headless to avoid VTK segfaults
-    if os.getenv('GITHUB_ACTIONS', 'false').lower() == 'true' or os.getenv('CI', 'false').lower() == 'true':
-        show_views = False
-
-    # Set up headless rendering environment for PyVista only if we will render
-    if show_views and sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
-        try:
-            import pyvista as _pv
-            _pv.start_xvfb()
-        except Exception:
-            os.system('Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1024x768x24 > /dev/null 2>&1 &')
-            os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
-
-    # Create 3D meshes from voxel data
-    print("Creating voxel meshes...")
-    meshes = create_city_meshes(voxel_array, vox_dict, meshsize=meshsize)
-
-    # Add simulation results as elevated surface mesh if provided
-    if sim_grid is not None and dem_grid is not None:
-        print("Creating sim_grid surface mesh...")
-        sim_mesh = create_sim_surface_mesh(
-            sim_grid, dem_grid,
-            meshsize=meshsize,
-            z_offset=z_offset,
-            cmap_name=cmap_name,
-            vmin=vmin,
-            vmax=vmax
-        )
-        if sim_mesh is not None:
-            meshes["sim_surface"] = sim_mesh
-            
-        # Create and display colorbar for simulation data
-        norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-        scalar_map = cm.ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap=cmap_name)
-        
-        fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 1))
-        plt.colorbar(scalar_map, cax=ax, orientation='horizontal')
-        plt.tight_layout()
-        plt.show()
-
-    # # Export mesh files if requested
-    # if base_filename is not None:
-    #     print(f"Exporting files to '{base_filename}.*' ...")
-    #     os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)
-    #     export_meshes(meshes, output_directory, base_filename)
-
-    # Export OBJ mesh files if requested
-    if save_obj:
-        output_directory = kwargs.get('output_directory', 'output')
-        output_file_name = kwargs.get('output_file_name', 'voxcity_mesh')
-        obj_path, mtl_path = save_obj_from_colored_mesh(meshes, output_directory, output_file_name)
-        print(f"Saved mesh files to:\n  {obj_path}\n  {mtl_path}")
-
-    # Generate and display multiple camera views
-    if show_views:  
-        print("Creating multiple views...")        
-        os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)
-        image_files = create_multi_view_scene(meshes, output_directory=output_directory, projection_type=projection_type, distance_factor=distance_factor)
-
-        # Display each rendered view
-        for view_name, img_file in image_files:
-            plt.figure(figsize=(24, 16))
-            img = plt.imread(img_file)
-            plt.imshow(img)
-            plt.title(view_name.replace('_', ' ').title(), pad=20)
-            plt.axis('off')
-            plt.show()
-            plt.close()
-    
-def visualize_voxcity_multi_view_with_multiple_sim_grids(voxel_array, meshsize, sim_configs, **kwargs):
-    """
-    Create multiple views of the voxel city data with multiple simulation grids.
-    
-    Args:
-        voxel_array: 3D numpy array containing voxel data
-        meshsize: Size of each voxel/cell
-        sim_configs: List of dictionaries, each containing configuration for a simulation grid:
-            {
-                'sim_grid': 2D numpy array of simulation values,
-                'z_offset': height offset in meters (default: 1.5),
-                'cmap_name': colormap name (default: 'viridis'),
-                'vmin': minimum value for colormap (optional),
-                'vmax': maximum value for colormap (optional),
-                'label': label for the colorbar (optional)
-            }
-        **kwargs: Additional arguments including:
-            - vox_dict: Dictionary mapping voxel values to colors
-            - output_directory: Directory to save output images
-            - output_file_name: Base filename for exports
-            - dem_grid: DEM grid for height information
-            - projection_type: 'perspective' or 'orthographic'
-            - distance_factor: Factor to adjust camera distance
-    """
-    os.system('Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1024x768x24 > /dev/null 2>&1 &')
-    os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
-
-    # Configure PyVista settings
-    pv.set_plot_theme('document')
-    pv.global_theme.background = 'white'
-    window_width = kwargs.get("window_width", 1024)
-    window_height = kwargs.get("window_height", 768)
-    pv.global_theme.window_size = [window_width, window_height]
-    pv.global_theme.jupyter_backend = 'static'
-
-    # Parse general kwargs
-    voxel_color_map = kwargs.get("voxel_color_map", 'default')
-    vox_dict = get_voxel_color_map(voxel_color_map)
-    output_directory = kwargs.get("output_directory", 'output')
-    base_filename = kwargs.get("output_file_name", None)
-    dem_grid_ori = kwargs.get("dem_grid", None)
-    projection_type = kwargs.get("projection_type", "perspective")
-    distance_factor = kwargs.get("distance_factor", 1.0)
-    show_views = kwargs.get("show_views", True)
-    save_obj = kwargs.get("save_obj", False)
-
-    if dem_grid_ori is not None:
-        dem_grid = dem_grid_ori - np.min(dem_grid_ori)
-    
-    # Create meshes
-    print("Creating voxel meshes...")
-    meshes = create_city_meshes(voxel_array, vox_dict, meshsize=meshsize)
-
-    # Process each simulation grid
-    for i, config in enumerate(sim_configs):
-        sim_grid = config['sim_grid']
-        if sim_grid is None or dem_grid is None:
-            continue
-
-        z_offset = config.get('z_offset', 1.5)
-        cmap_name = config.get('cmap_name', 'viridis')
-        vmin = config.get('vmin', np.nanmin(sim_grid))
-        vmax = config.get('vmax', np.nanmax(sim_grid))
-        label = config.get('label', f'Simulation {i+1}')
-
-        print(f"Creating sim_grid surface mesh for {label}...")
-        sim_mesh = create_sim_surface_mesh(
-            sim_grid, dem_grid,
-            meshsize=meshsize,
-            z_offset=z_offset,
-            cmap_name=cmap_name,
-            vmin=vmin,
-            vmax=vmax
-        )
-        
-        if sim_mesh is not None:
-            meshes[f"sim_surface_{i}"] = sim_mesh
-            
-            # Create colorbar for this simulation
-            norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-            scalar_map = cm.ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap=cmap_name)
-            
-            fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 1))
-            plt.colorbar(scalar_map, cax=ax, orientation='horizontal', label=label)
-            plt.tight_layout()
-            plt.show()
-
-    # Export if filename provided
-    if base_filename is not None:
-        print(f"Exporting files to '{base_filename}.*' ...")
-        os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)
-        export_meshes(meshes, output_directory, base_filename)
-
-    if show_views:
-        # Create and save multiple views
-        print("Creating multiple views...")        
-        os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)
-        image_files = create_multi_view_scene(
-            meshes, 
-            output_directory=output_directory,
-            projection_type=projection_type,
-            distance_factor=distance_factor
-        )
-
-        # Display each view separately
-        for view_name, img_file in image_files:
-            plt.figure(figsize=(24, 16))
-            img = plt.imread(img_file)
-            plt.imshow(img)
-            plt.title(view_name.replace('_', ' ').title(), pad=20)
-            plt.axis('off')
-            plt.show()
-            plt.close()
-
-    # After creating the meshes and before visualization
-    if save_obj:
-        output_directory = kwargs.get('output_directory', 'output')
-        output_file_name = kwargs.get('output_file_name', 'voxcity_mesh')
-        obj_path, mtl_path = save_obj_from_colored_mesh(meshes, output_directory, output_file_name)
-        print(f"Saved mesh files to:\n  {obj_path}\n  {mtl_path}")
-
-def visualize_voxcity_with_sim_meshes(voxel_array, meshsize, custom_meshes=None, **kwargs):
-    """
-    Creates 3D visualizations of voxel city data with custom simulation mesh overlays.
-    
-    This advanced visualization function allows replacement of specific voxel classes
-    with custom simulation result meshes. It's particularly useful for overlaying
-    detailed simulation results (like computational fluid dynamics, thermal analysis,
-    or environmental factors) onto specific building or infrastructure components.
-    
-    The function supports simulation meshes with metadata containing numerical values
-    that can be visualized using color mapping, making it ideal for displaying
-    spatially-varying simulation results on building surfaces or other urban elements.
-    
-    Parameters:
-    -----------
-    voxel_array : np.ndarray
-        3D array of voxel values representing the base city model.
-        Shape should be (x, y, z) where each element is a voxel class ID.
-        
-    meshsize : float
-        Size of each voxel in meters, used for coordinate scaling.
-        
-    custom_meshes : dict, optional
-        Dictionary mapping voxel class IDs to custom trimesh.Trimesh objects.
-        Example: {-3: building_simulation_mesh, -2: vegetation_mesh}
-        These meshes will replace the standard voxel representation for visualization.
-        Default is None.
-        
-    **kwargs:
-        Extensive configuration options organized by category:
-        
-        Base Visualization:
-        - vox_dict (dict): Dictionary mapping voxel class IDs to colors
-        - output_directory (str): Directory for saving output files
-        - output_file_name (str): Base filename for exported meshes
-        
-        Simulation Result Display:
-        - value_name (str): Name of metadata field containing simulation values
-        - colormap (str): Matplotlib colormap name for simulation results
-        - vmin, vmax (float): Color scale limits for simulation data
-        - colorbar_title (str): Title for the simulation result colorbar
-        - nan_color (str/tuple): Color for NaN/invalid simulation values, default 'gray'
-        
-        Ground Surface Overlay:
-        - sim_grid (np.ndarray): 2D array with ground-level simulation values
-        - dem_grid (np.ndarray): Digital elevation model for terrain height
-        - view_point_height (float): Height offset for ground simulation surface
-        
-        Camera and Rendering:
-        - projection_type (str): 'perspective' or 'orthographic', default 'perspective'
-        - distance_factor (float): Camera distance multiplier, default 1.0
-        - window_width, window_height (int): Render resolution
-        
-        Output Control:
-        - show_views (bool): Whether to display rendered views, default True
-        - save_obj (bool): Whether to export OBJ mesh files, default False
-        
-    Returns:
-    --------
-    list
-        List of (view_name, image_file_path) tuples for generated views.
-        Only returned if show_views=True.
-        
-    Notes:
-    ------
-    Simulation Mesh Requirements:
-    - Custom meshes should have simulation values stored in mesh.metadata[value_name]
-    - Values can include NaN for areas without valid simulation data
-    - Mesh geometry should align with the voxel grid coordinate system
-    
-    Color Mapping:
-    - Simulation values are mapped to colors using the specified colormap
-    - NaN values are rendered in the specified nan_color
-    - A colorbar is automatically generated and displayed
-    
-    Technical Implementation:
-    - Uses PyVista for high-quality 3D rendering
-    - Supports both individual mesh coloring and ground surface overlays
-    - Automatically handles coordinate system transformations
-    - Generates multiple camera views for comprehensive visualization
-    
-    Examples:
-    ---------
-    >>> # Basic usage with building simulation results
-    >>> building_mesh = trimesh.load('building_with_cfd_results.ply')
-    >>> building_mesh.metadata = {'temperature': temperature_values}
-    >>> custom_meshes = {-3: building_mesh}  # -3 is building class ID
-    >>> 
-    >>> visualize_voxcity_with_sim_meshes(
-    ...     voxel_array, meshsize=2.0,
-    ...     custom_meshes=custom_meshes,
-    ...     value_name='temperature',
-    ...     colormap='plasma',
-    ...     colorbar_title='Temperature (°C)',
-    ...     vmin=15, vmax=35
-    ... )
-    
-    >>> # With ground-level wind simulation overlay
-    >>> wind_mesh = create_wind_simulation_mesh(wind_data)
-    >>> visualize_voxcity_with_sim_meshes(
-    ...     voxel_array, 2.0,
-    ...     custom_meshes={-3: wind_mesh},
-    ...     value_name='wind_speed',
-    ...     sim_grid=ground_wind_grid,
-    ...     dem_grid=elevation_grid,
-    ...     colormap='viridis',
-    ...     projection_type='orthographic',
-    ...     save_obj=True
-    ... )
-    
-    >>> # Multiple simulation types with custom styling
-    >>> meshes = {
-    ...     -3: building_thermal_mesh,  # Buildings with thermal data
-    ...     -2: vegetation_co2_mesh     # Vegetation with CO2 absorption
-    ... }
-    >>> visualize_voxcity_with_sim_meshes(
-    ...     voxel_array, 2.0,
-    ...     custom_meshes=meshes,
-    ...     value_name='co2_flux',
-    ...     colormap='RdYlBu_r',
-    ...     nan_color='lightgray',
-    ...     distance_factor=1.5,
-    ...     output_file_name='co2_analysis'
-    ... )
-    
-    See Also:
-    ---------
-    - visualize_building_sim_results(): Specialized function for building simulations
-    - visualize_voxcity_multi_view(): Basic voxel visualization without custom meshes
-    - create_multi_view_scene(): Lower-level rendering function
-    """
-    # Setup offscreen rendering only when needed and supported
-    if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
-        if 'DISPLAY' not in os.environ:
-            os.system('Xvfb :99 -screen 0 1024x768x24 > /dev/null 2>&1 &')
-            os.environ['DISPLAY'] = ':99'
-
-    # Configure PyVista settings
-    pv.set_plot_theme('document')
-    pv.global_theme.background = 'white'
-    window_width = kwargs.get("window_width", 1024)
-    window_height = kwargs.get("window_height", 768)
-    pv.global_theme.window_size = [window_width, window_height]
-    pv.global_theme.jupyter_backend = 'static'
-    
-    # Parse kwargs
-    voxel_color_map = kwargs.get("voxel_color_map", 'default')
-    vox_dict = get_voxel_color_map(voxel_color_map)
-    output_directory = kwargs.get("output_directory", 'output')
-    base_filename = kwargs.get("output_file_name", None)
-    sim_grid = kwargs.get("sim_grid", None)
-    dem_grid_ori = kwargs.get("dem_grid", None)
-    if dem_grid_ori is not None:
-        dem_grid = dem_grid_ori - np.min(dem_grid_ori)
-    z_offset = kwargs.get("view_point_height", 1.5)
-    cmap_name = kwargs.get("colormap", "viridis")
-    vmin = kwargs.get("vmin", None)
-    vmax = kwargs.get("vmax", None)
-    projection_type = kwargs.get("projection_type", "perspective")
-    distance_factor = kwargs.get("distance_factor", 1.0)
-    colorbar_title = kwargs.get("colorbar_title", "")
-    value_name = kwargs.get("value_name", None)
-    nan_color = kwargs.get("nan_color", "gray")
-    show_views = kwargs.get("show_views", True)
-    save_obj = kwargs.get("save_obj", False)
-    include_classes = kwargs.get("include_classes", None)
-    exclude_classes = kwargs.get("exclude_classes", None)
-    copy_custom_mesh = kwargs.get("copy_custom_mesh", False)
-    
-    if value_name is None:
-        print("Set value_name")
-
-    # Create meshes from voxel data
-    print("Creating voxel meshes...")
-    # Skip generating voxel meshes for classes that will be replaced by custom meshes
-    if exclude_classes is None and custom_meshes is not None:
-        exclude_classes = list(custom_meshes.keys())
-    meshes = create_city_meshes(
-        voxel_array,
-        vox_dict,
-        meshsize=meshsize,
-        include_classes=include_classes,
-        exclude_classes=exclude_classes,
-    )
-    
-    # Replace specific voxel class meshes with custom simulation meshes
-    if custom_meshes is not None:
-        for class_id, custom_mesh in custom_meshes.items():
-            # Apply coloring to custom meshes if they have metadata values
-            if hasattr(custom_mesh, 'metadata') and value_name in custom_mesh.metadata:
-                # Create a colored copy of the mesh for visualization
-                import matplotlib.cm as cm
-                import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
-                
-                # Get values from metadata
-                values = np.asarray(custom_mesh.metadata[value_name])
-                
-                # Set vmin/vmax if not provided
-                finite_mask = np.isfinite(values)
-                if not np.any(finite_mask):
-                    local_vmin = 0.0 if vmin is None else vmin
-                    local_vmax = 1.0 if vmax is None else vmax
-                else:
-                    local_vmin = vmin if vmin is not None else float(np.nanmin(values[finite_mask]))
-                    local_vmax = vmax if vmax is not None else float(np.nanmax(values[finite_mask]))
-
-                # Create colors
-                cmap = cm.get_cmap(cmap_name)
-                norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=local_vmin, vmax=local_vmax)
-                
-                # Handle NaN values with custom color
-                face_colors = np.zeros((len(values), 4), dtype=float)
-                
-                # Convert string color to RGBA if needed
-                if isinstance(nan_color, str):
-                    import matplotlib.colors as mcolors
-                    nan_rgba = np.array(mcolors.to_rgba(nan_color))
-                else:
-                    # Assume it's already a tuple/list of RGBA values
-                    nan_rgba = np.array(nan_color)
-                
-                # Apply colors: NaN values get nan_color, others get colormap colors
-                nan_mask = ~finite_mask
-                face_colors[~nan_mask] = cmap(norm(values[~nan_mask]))
-                face_colors[nan_mask] = nan_rgba
-                
-                # Create a copy with colors
-                vis_mesh = custom_mesh.copy() if copy_custom_mesh else custom_mesh
-                vis_mesh.visual.face_colors = face_colors
-
-                # Prepare the colormap and create colorbar if views will be shown
-                if show_views:
-                    norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=local_vmin, vmax=local_vmax)
-                    scalar_map = cm.ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap=cmap_name)
-                    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 1))
-                    cbar = plt.colorbar(scalar_map, cax=ax, orientation='horizontal')
-                    if colorbar_title:
-                        cbar.set_label(colorbar_title)
-                    plt.tight_layout()
-                    plt.show()
-                    plt.close(fig)
-                
-                if class_id in meshes:
-                    print(f"Replacing voxel class {class_id} with colored custom simulation mesh")
-                    meshes[class_id] = vis_mesh
-                else:
-                    print(f"Adding colored custom simulation mesh for class {class_id}")
-                    meshes[class_id] = vis_mesh
-            else:
-                # No metadata values, use the mesh as is
-                if class_id in meshes:
-                    print(f"Replacing voxel class {class_id} with custom simulation mesh")
-                    meshes[class_id] = custom_mesh
-                else:
-                    print(f"Adding custom simulation mesh for class {class_id}")
-                    meshes[class_id] = custom_mesh
-
-    # Create sim_grid surface mesh if provided
-    if sim_grid is not None and dem_grid is not None:
-        print("Creating sim_grid surface mesh...")
-        
-        # If vmin/vmax not provided, use actual min/max of the valid sim data
-        if vmin is None:
-            vmin = np.nanmin(sim_grid)
-        if vmax is None:
-            vmax = np.nanmax(sim_grid)
-            
-        sim_mesh = create_sim_surface_mesh(
-            sim_grid, dem_grid,
-            meshsize=meshsize,
-            z_offset=z_offset,
-            cmap_name=cmap_name,
-            vmin=vmin,
-            vmax=vmax,
-            nan_color=nan_color  # Pass nan_color to the mesh creation
-        )
-        if sim_mesh is not None:
-            meshes["sim_surface"] = sim_mesh
-            
-        # # Prepare the colormap and create colorbar
-        # norm = mcolors.Normalize(vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax)
-        # scalar_map = cm.ScalarMappable(norm=norm, cmap=cmap_name)
-        
-        # # Create a figure and axis for the colorbar but don't display
-        # fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6, 1))
-        # cbar = plt.colorbar(scalar_map, cax=ax, orientation='horizontal')
-        # if colorbar_title:
-        #     cbar.set_label(colorbar_title)
-        # plt.tight_layout()
-        # plt.show()
-
-    # # Export if filename provided
-    # if base_filename is not None:
-    #     print(f"Exporting files to '{base_filename}.*' ...")
-    #     # Create output directory if it doesn't exist
-    #     os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)
-    #     export_meshes(meshes, output_directory, base_filename) 
- 
-    # Create output directory if it doesn't exist
-    os.makedirs(output_directory, exist_ok=True)
-
-    # After creating the meshes and before visualization
-    if save_obj:
-        output_directory = kwargs.get('output_directory', 'output')
-        output_file_name = kwargs.get('output_file_name', 'voxcity_mesh')
-        # Default: do NOT quantize to preserve exact face colors like in images
-        max_materials = kwargs.get('max_materials', None)
-        if max_materials is None:
-            obj_path, mtl_path = save_obj_from_colored_mesh(meshes, output_directory, output_file_name)
-        else:
-            obj_path, mtl_path = save_obj_from_colored_mesh(meshes, output_directory, output_file_name, max_materials=max_materials)
-        print(f"Saved mesh files to:\n  {obj_path}\n  {mtl_path}")    
-
-    if show_views:
-        # Create and save multiple views
-        print("Creating multiple views...")       
-        image_files = create_multi_view_scene(meshes, output_directory=output_directory, 
-                                         projection_type=projection_type, 
-                                         distance_factor=distance_factor)
-
-        # Display each view separately
-        for view_name, img_file in image_files:
-            plt.figure(figsize=(24, 16))
-            img = plt.imread(img_file)
-            plt.imshow(img)
-            plt.title(view_name.replace('_', ' ').title(), pad=20)
-            plt.axis('off')
-            plt.show()
-            plt.close()       
-
-
-def visualize_building_sim_results(voxel_array, meshsize, building_sim_mesh, **kwargs):
-    """
-    Visualize building simulation results by replacing building meshes in the original model.
-    
-    This is a specialized wrapper around visualize_voxcity_with_sim_meshes that specifically
-    targets building simulation meshes (assuming building class ID is -3).
-    
-    Parameters
-    ----------
-    voxel_array : np.ndarray
-        3D array of voxel values.
-    meshsize : float
-        Size of each voxel in meters.
-    building_sim_mesh : trimesh.Trimesh
-        Simulation result mesh for buildings with values stored in metadata.
-    **kwargs:
-        Same parameters as visualize_voxcity_with_sim_meshes.
-        Additional parameters:
-        value_name : str
-            Name of the field in metadata containing values to visualize (default: 'svf_values')
-        nan_color : str or tuple
-            Color for NaN values (default: 'gray')
-        
-    Returns
-    -------
-    list
-        List of (view_name, image_file_path) tuples for the generated views.
-    """
-    # Building class ID is typically -3 in voxcity
-    building_class_id = kwargs.get("building_class_id", -3)
-    
-    # Create custom meshes dictionary with the building simulation mesh
-    custom_meshes = {building_class_id: building_sim_mesh}
-
-    # Performance: skip voxel mesh generation for building class by default
-    if "include_classes" not in kwargs and "exclude_classes" not in kwargs:
-        kwargs["exclude_classes"] = [building_class_id]
-
-    # Memory-safety: do not duplicate the provided mesh unless requested
-    kwargs.setdefault("copy_custom_mesh", False)
-    
-    # Add colorbar title if not provided
-    if "colorbar_title" not in kwargs:
-        # Try to guess a title based on the mesh name/type
-        if hasattr(building_sim_mesh, 'name') and building_sim_mesh.name:
-            kwargs["colorbar_title"] = building_sim_mesh.name
-        else:
-            # Use value_field name as fallback
-            value_name = kwargs.get("value_name", "svf_values")
-            pretty_name = value_name.replace('_', ' ').title()
-            kwargs["colorbar_title"] = pretty_name
-    
-    # Call the more general visualization function
-    visualize_voxcity_with_sim_meshes(
-        voxel_array,
-        meshsize,
-        custom_meshes=custom_meshes,
-        **kwargs
-    )