unaiverse 0.1.6__cp312-cp312-macosx_10_13_x86_64.whl

unaiverse/utils/__init__.py

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+"""
+       █████  █████ ██████   █████           █████ █████   █████ ██████████ ███████████    █████████  ██████████
+      ░░███  ░░███ ░░██████ ░░███           ░░███ ░░███   ░░███ ░░███░░░░░█░░███░░░░░███  ███░░░░░███░░███░░░░░█
+       ░███   ░███  ░███░███ ░███   ██████   ░███  ░███    ░███  ░███  █ ░  ░███    ░███ ░███    ░░░  ░███  █ ░ 
+       ░███   ░███  ░███░░███░███  ░░░░░███  ░███  ░███    ░███  ░██████    ░██████████  ░░█████████  ░██████   
+       ░███   ░███  ░███ ░░██████   ███████  ░███  ░░███   ███   ░███░░█    ░███░░░░░███  ░░░░░░░░███ ░███░░█   
+       ░███   ░███  ░███  ░░█████  ███░░███  ░███   ░░░█████░    ░███ ░   █ ░███    ░███  ███    ░███ ░███ ░   █
+       ░░████████   █████  ░░█████░░████████ █████    ░░███      ██████████ █████   █████░░█████████  ██████████
+        ░░░░░░░░   ░░░░░    ░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░ ░░░░░      ░░░      ░░░░░░░░░░ ░░░░░   ░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░░░ 
+                 A Collectionless AI Project (https://collectionless.ai)
+                 Registration/Login: https://unaiverse.io
+                 Code Repositories:  https://github.com/collectionlessai/
+                 Main Developers:    Stefano Melacci (Project Leader), Christian Di Maio, Tommaso Guidi
+"""
+from . import misc
+from . import sandbox

unaiverse/utils/ask_lone_wolf.json

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+{
+    "initial_state": "ready",
+    "state": "ready",
+    "prev_state": null,
+    "limbo_state": null,
+    "state_actions": {
+        "found_lone_wolf": ["do_gen", {"samples": 1}, 0, false]
+    },
+    "transitions": {
+        "ready": {
+            "found_lone_wolf": [["find_agents", {"role":  "public_agent", "engage":  true}, true, 0]]
+        },
+        "found_lone_wolf": {
+            "asked": [["ask_gen", {"u_hashes": ["<agent>:processor"], "samples": 1}, true, 1]]
+        },
+        "asked": {
+            "lone_wolf_done": [
+                ["done_gen", {}, false, 2],
+                ["nop", {"delay":  30.0}, true, 3]
+            ]
+        },
+        "lone_wolf_done": {
+            "ready": [["disconnect_by_role", {"role": "public_agent"}, true, 4]]
+        }
+    },
+    "cur_action": null
+}

unaiverse/utils/lone_wolf.json

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+{
+    "initial_state": "ready",
+    "state": "ready",
+    "prev_state": null,
+    "limbo_state": null,
+    "state_actions": {
+        "ready": [null, null, 0, false],
+        "done_gen": [null, null, 1, false]
+    },
+    "transitions": {
+        "ready": {
+            "done_gen": [["do_gen", {"timeout": 7.5}, false, 0]]
+        },
+        "done_gen": {
+            "ready": [["nop", {}, true, 3]]
+        }
+    },
+    "cur_action": null
+}

unaiverse/utils/misc.py

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+"""
+       █████  █████ ██████   █████           █████ █████   █████ ██████████ ███████████    █████████  ██████████
+      ░░███  ░░███ ░░██████ ░░███           ░░███ ░░███   ░░███ ░░███░░░░░█░░███░░░░░███  ███░░░░░███░░███░░░░░█
+       ░███   ░███  ░███░███ ░███   ██████   ░███  ░███    ░███  ░███  █ ░  ░███    ░███ ░███    ░░░  ░███  █ ░ 
+       ░███   ░███  ░███░░███░███  ░░░░░███  ░███  ░███    ░███  ░██████    ░██████████  ░░█████████  ░██████   
+       ░███   ░███  ░███ ░░██████   ███████  ░███  ░░███   ███   ░███░░█    ░███░░░░░███  ░░░░░░░░███ ░███░░█   
+       ░███   ░███  ░███  ░░█████  ███░░███  ░███   ░░░█████░    ░███ ░   █ ░███    ░███  ███    ░███ ░███ ░   █
+       ░░████████   █████  ░░█████░░████████ █████    ░░███      ██████████ █████   █████░░█████████  ██████████
+        ░░░░░░░░   ░░░░░    ░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░ ░░░░░      ░░░      ░░░░░░░░░░ ░░░░░   ░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░░░ 
+                 A Collectionless AI Project (https://collectionless.ai)
+                 Registration/Login: https://unaiverse.io
+                 Code Repositories:  https://github.com/collectionlessai/
+                 Main Developers:    Stefano Melacci (Project Leader), Christian Di Maio, Tommaso Guidi
+"""
+import os
+import ast
+import sys
+import time
+import json
+import math
+import threading
+from tqdm import tqdm
+from pathlib import Path
+from datetime import datetime
+
+
+class GenException(Exception):
+    """Base exception for this application (a simple wrapper around a generic Exception)."""
+    pass
+
+
+def save_node_addresses_to_file(node, dir_path: str, public: bool,
+                                filename: str = "addresses.txt", append: bool = False):
+    address_file = os.path.join(dir_path, filename)
+    with open(address_file, "w" if not append else "a") as file:
+        file.write(node.hosted.get_name() + ";" +
+                   str(node.get_public_addresses() if public else node.get_world_addresses()) + "\n")
+        file.flush()
+
+
+def get_node_addresses_from_file(dir_path: str, filename: str = "addresses.txt") -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    ret = {}
+    with open(os.path.join(dir_path, filename)) as file:
+        lines = file.readlines()
+
+        # Old file format
+        if lines[0].strip() == "/":
+            addresses = []
+            for line in lines:
+                _line = line.strip()
+                if len(_line) > 0:
+                    addresses.append(_line)
+            ret["unk"] = addresses
+            return ret
+
+        # New file format
+        for line in lines:
+            if line.strip().startswith("***"):  # Header marker
+                continue
+            comma_separated_values = [v.strip() for v in line.split(';')]
+            node_name, addresses_str = comma_separated_values
+            ret[node_name] = ast.literal_eval(addresses_str)  # Name appearing multiple times? the last entry is kept
+
+    return ret
+
+
+class Silent:
+    def __init__(self, ignore: bool = False):
+        self.ignore = ignore
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        if not self.ignore:
+            self._original_stdout = sys.stdout
+            sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, "w")
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        if not self.ignore:
+            sys.stdout.close()
+            sys.stdout = self._original_stdout
+
+
+# The countdown function
+def countdown_start(seconds: int, msg: str):
+    class TqdmPrintRedirector:
+        def __init__(self, tqdm_instance):
+            self.tqdm_instance = tqdm_instance
+            self.original_stdout = sys.__stdout__
+
+        def write(self, s):
+            if s.strip():  # Ignore empty lines (needed for the way tqdm works)
+                self.tqdm_instance.write(s, file=self.original_stdout)
+
+        def flush(self):
+            pass  # Tqdm handles flushing
+
+    def drawing(secs: int, message: str):
+        with tqdm(total=secs, desc=message, file=sys.__stdout__) as t:
+            sys.stdout = TqdmPrintRedirector(t)  # Redirect prints to tqdm.write
+            for i in range(secs):
+                time.sleep(1)
+                t.update(1.)
+            sys.stdout = sys.__stdout__  # Restore original stdout
+
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+    handle = threading.Thread(target=drawing, args=(seconds, msg))
+    handle.start()
+    return handle
+
+
+def countdown_wait(handle):
+    handle.join()
+
+
+def check_json_start(file: str, msg: str, delete_existing: bool = False):
+    from rich.json import JSON
+    from rich.console import Console
+    cons = Console(file=sys.__stdout__)
+
+    if delete_existing:
+        if os.path.exists(file):
+            os.remove(file)
+
+    def checking(file_path: str, console: Console):
+        print(msg)
+        prev_dict = {}
+        while True:
+            if os.path.exists(file_path):
+                try:
+                    with open(file_path, "r") as f:
+                        json_dict = json.load(f)
+                        if json_dict != prev_dict:
+                            now = datetime.now()
+                            console.print("─" * 80)
+                            console.print("Printing updated file "
+                                          "(print time: " + now.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") + ")")
+                            console.print("─" * 80)
+                            console.print(JSON.from_data(json_dict))
+                        prev_dict = json_dict
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    break
+                except Exception:
+                    pass
+            time.sleep(1)
+
+    handle = threading.Thread(target=checking, args=(file, cons), daemon=True)
+    handle.start()
+    return handle
+
+
+def check_json_start_wait(handle):
+    handle.join()
+
+
+def show_images_grid(image_paths, max_cols=3):
+    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
+    import matplotlib.image as mpimg
+
+    n = len(image_paths)
+    cols = min(max_cols, n)
+    rows = math.ceil(n / cols)
+
+    # Load images
+    images = [mpimg.imread(p) for p in image_paths]
+
+    # Determine figure size based on image sizes
+    widths, heights = zip(*[(img.shape[1], img.shape[0]) for img in images])
+
+    # Use average width/height for scaling
+    avg_width = sum(widths) / len(widths)
+    avg_height = sum(heights) / len(heights)
+
+    fig_width = cols * avg_width / 100
+    fig_height = rows * avg_height / 100
+
+    fig, axes = plt.subplots(rows, cols, figsize=(fig_width, fig_height))
+    axes = axes.flatten() if n > 1 else [axes]
+
+    fig.canvas.manager.set_window_title("Image Grid")
+
+    # Hide unused axes
+    for ax in axes[n:]:
+        ax.axis('off')
+
+    for idx, (ax, img) in enumerate(zip(axes, images)):
+        ax.imshow(img)
+        ax.axis('off')
+        ax.set_title(str(idx), fontsize=12, fontweight='bold')
+
+    # Display images
+    for ax, img in zip(axes, images):
+        ax.imshow(img)
+        ax.axis('off')
+
+    plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0, hspace=0)
+
+    # Turn on interactive mode
+    plt.ion()
+    plt.show()
+
+    fig.canvas.draw()
+    plt.pause(0.1)
+
+
+class FileTracker:
+    def __init__(self, folder, ext=".json"):
+        self.folder = Path(folder)
+        self.ext = ext.lower()
+        self.last_state = self._scan_files()
+
+    def _scan_files(self):
+        state = {}
+        for file in self.folder.iterdir():
+            if file.is_file() and file.suffix.lower() == self.ext:
+                state[file.name] = os.path.getmtime(file)
+        return state
+
+    def something_changed(self):
+        new_state = self._scan_files()
+        created = [f for f in new_state if f not in self.last_state]
+        modified = [f for f in new_state
+                    if f in self.last_state and new_state[f] != self.last_state[f]]
+        self.last_state = new_state
+        return created or modified
+
+
+def prepare_key_dir(app_name):
+    app_name = app_name.lower()
+    if os.name == "nt":  # Windows
+        if os.getenv("APPDATA") is not None:
+            key_dir = os.path.join(os.getenv("APPDATA"), "Local", app_name)  # Expected
+        else:
+            key_dir = os.path.join(str(Path.home()), f".{app_name}")  # Fallback
+    else:  # Linux/macOS
+        key_dir = os.path.join(str(Path.home()), f".{app_name}")
+    os.makedirs(key_dir, exist_ok=True)
+    return key_dir
+
+
+def get_key_considering_multiple_sources(key_variable: str | None) -> str:
+
+    # Creating folder (if needed) to store the key
+    try:
+        key_dir = prepare_key_dir(app_name="UNaIVERSE")
+    except Exception:
+        raise GenException("Cannot create folder to store the key file")
+    key_file = os.path.join(key_dir, "key")
+
+    # Getting from an existing file
+    key_from_file = None
+    if os.path.exists(key_file):
+        with open(key_file, "r") as f:
+            key_from_file = f.read().strip()
+
+    # Getting from env variable
+    key_from_env = os.getenv("NODE_KEY", None)
+
+    # Getting from code-specified option
+    if key_variable is not None and len(key_variable.strip()) > 0:
+        key_from_var = key_variable.strip()
+        if key_from_var.startswith("<") and key_from_var.endswith(">"):  # Something like <UNAIVERSE_KEY_GOES_HERE>
+            key_from_var = None
+    else:
+        key_from_var = None
+
+    # Finding valid sources and checking if multiple keys were provided
+    _keys = [key_from_var, key_from_env, key_from_file]
+    _source_names = ["your code", "env variable 'NODE_KEY'", f"cache file {key_file}"]
+    source_names = []
+    mismatching = False
+    multiple_source = False
+    first_key = None
+    first_source = None
+    _prev_key = None
+    for i, (_key, _source_name) in enumerate(zip(_keys, _source_names)):
+        if _key is not None:
+            source_names.append(_source_name)
+            if _prev_key is not None:
+                if _key != _prev_key:
+                    mismatching = True
+                multiple_source = True
+            else:
+                _prev_key = _key
+                first_key = _key
+                first_source = _source_name
+
+    if len(source_names) > 0:
+        msg = ""
+        if multiple_source and not mismatching:
+            msg = "UNaIVERSE key (the exact same key) present in multiple locations: " + ", ".join(source_names)
+        if multiple_source and mismatching:
+            msg = "UNaIVERSE keys (different keys) present in multiple locations: " + ", ".join(source_names)
+            msg += "\nLoaded the one stored in " + first_source
+        if not multiple_source:
+            msg = f"UNaIVERSE key loaded from {first_source}"
+        print(msg)
+        return first_key
+    else:
+
+        # If no key present, ask user and save to file
+        print("UNaIVERSE key not present in " + ", ".join(_source_names))
+        print("If you did not already do it, go to https://unaiverse.io, login, and generate a key")
+        key = input("Enter your UNaIVERSE key, that will be saved to the cache file: ").strip()
+        with open(key_file, "w") as f:
+            f.write(key)
+        return key

unaiverse/utils/sandbox.py

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+"""
+       █████  █████ ██████   █████           █████ █████   █████ ██████████ ███████████    █████████  ██████████
+      ░░███  ░░███ ░░██████ ░░███           ░░███ ░░███   ░░███ ░░███░░░░░█░░███░░░░░███  ███░░░░░███░░███░░░░░█
+       ░███   ░███  ░███░███ ░███   ██████   ░███  ░███    ░███  ░███  █ ░  ░███    ░███ ░███    ░░░  ░███  █ ░ 
+       ░███   ░███  ░███░░███░███  ░░░░░███  ░███  ░███    ░███  ░██████    ░██████████  ░░█████████  ░██████   
+       ░███   ░███  ░███ ░░██████   ███████  ░███  ░░███   ███   ░███░░█    ░███░░░░░███  ░░░░░░░░███ ░███░░█   
+       ░███   ░███  ░███  ░░█████  ███░░███  ░███   ░░░█████░    ░███ ░   █ ░███    ░███  ███    ░███ ░███ ░   █
+       ░░████████   █████  ░░█████░░████████ █████    ░░███      ██████████ █████   █████░░█████████  ██████████
+        ░░░░░░░░   ░░░░░    ░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░ ░░░░░      ░░░      ░░░░░░░░░░ ░░░░░   ░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░░  ░░░░░░░░░░ 
+                 A Collectionless AI Project (https://collectionless.ai)
+                 Registration/Login: https://unaiverse.io
+                 Code Repositories:  https://github.com/collectionlessai/
+                 Main Developers:    Stefano Melacci (Project Leader), Christian Di Maio, Tommaso Guidi
+"""
+import os
+import sys
+import uuid
+import argparse
+import subprocess
+from pathlib import Path
+from unaiverse.networking.p2p import P2P
+
+# Configuration
+DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME = "unaiverse-sandbox"
+CONTAINER_NAME_BASE = "unaiverse-sandbox-container"
+CONTAINER_NAME = f"{CONTAINER_NAME_BASE}-{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"  # Append a short unique ID
+DOCKERFILE_CONTENT = """
+
+# Debian image, automatically guessed architecture
+FROM python:3.12-slim-bookworm
+
+# Installing Go compiler
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends build-essential curl git
+RUN rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+RUN ARCH=$(dpkg --print-architecture) && curl -LO https://go.dev/dl/go1.24.5.linux-${ARCH}.tar.gz
+RUN ARCH=$(dpkg --print-architecture) && tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.24.5.linux-${ARCH}.tar.gz
+RUN ARCH=$(dpkg --print-architecture) && rm go1.24.5.linux-${ARCH}.tar.gz
+
+# Set Go environment variables
+ENV PATH="/usr/local/go/bin:${PATH}"
+ENV GOPATH="/go"
+RUN mkdir -p /go/bin /go/src /go/pkg
+
+# Setting the working directory inside the container
+WORKDIR /unaiverse
+
+# Dependencies
+RUN <create_requirements.txt>
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt --break-system-packages
+"""
+
+
+def sandbox(file_to_run: str,
+            read_only_paths: tuple[str] | list[str] | None = None,
+            writable_paths: tuple[str] | list[str] | None = None) -> None:
+
+    # Path of this file
+    absolute_path_of_this_file = os.path.abspath(__file__)
+
+    # Folders composing the path (and file name at the end)
+    path_components = list(Path(absolute_path_of_this_file).parts)
+
+    # Ensuring the folder/file structure was not manipulated
+    assert path_components[-1] == 'sandbox.py', "Major security issue, stopping."
+    assert path_components[-2] == 'utils', "Major security issue, stopping."
+    assert path_components[-3] == 'unaiverse', "Major security issue, stopping."
+
+    # Main folder of UNaIVERSE
+    abspath_of_unaiverse_code = str(Path(*path_components[0:-3]))
+
+    # Clean up any remnants from previous runs first (safety)
+    cleanup_docker_artifacts(where=abspath_of_unaiverse_code)
+
+    # Requirements
+    echoed_contents_of_requirements = 'printf "'
+    with open(os.path.join(abspath_of_unaiverse_code, "requirements.txt"), 'r') as req_file:
+        req_lines = req_file.readlines()
+    for i, req_line in enumerate(req_lines):
+        if i != (len(req_lines) - 1) and len(req_line.strip()) > 0:
+            echoed_contents_of_requirements += req_line.strip() + "\\n"
+        else:
+            echoed_contents_of_requirements += req_line.strip() + "\\n\" > requirements.txt"
+
+    # Create Dockerfile
+    print("Creating Dockerfile...")
+    with open(os.path.join(abspath_of_unaiverse_code, "Dockerfile"), "w") as f:
+        f.write(DOCKERFILE_CONTENT.replace('<create_requirements.txt>', echoed_contents_of_requirements))
+
+    # Building Docker image
+    if not build_docker_image(where=abspath_of_unaiverse_code):
+        print("Exiting due to Docker image build failure")
+        cleanup_docker_artifacts(where=abspath_of_unaiverse_code)  # Try to clean up what was created (if any)
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Read only folders from the host machine
+    read_only_mount_paths = ([abspath_of_unaiverse_code] +
+                             (list(read_only_paths) if read_only_paths is not None else []))
+
+    # Writable folders in host machine
+    writable_mount_paths = ([os.path.join(abspath_of_unaiverse_code, 'runners'),
+                             os.path.join(abspath_of_unaiverse_code, 'unaiverse', 'library'),
+                             os.path.join(abspath_of_unaiverse_code, 'unaiverse', 'networking', 'p2p')] +
+                            (list(writable_paths) if writable_paths is not None else []))
+
+    # Running
+    if not run_in_docker(file_to_run=os.path.abspath(file_to_run),
+                         read_only_host_paths=read_only_mount_paths,
+                         writable_host_paths=writable_mount_paths):
+        print("Exiting due to Docker container run failure")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # Final cleanup
+    cleanup_docker_artifacts(where=abspath_of_unaiverse_code)
+
+
+def build_docker_image(where: str):
+    """Builds the Docker image."""
+    print(f"Building Docker image '{DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}'...")
+
+    try:
+
+        # The '.' at the end means build from the current directory
+        subprocess.run(["docker", "build", "-t", DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME, where], check=True)
+        print(f"Docker image '{DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}' built successfully.")
+        return True
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        print(f"Error building Docker image: {e}")
+        return False
+
+
+def cleanup_docker_artifacts(where: str):
+    """Cleans up the generated files and Docker image."""
+    print("Cleaning...")
+
+    # Stop and remove container if it's still running (e.g., if previous run failed)
+    try:
+        print(f"Attempting to stop and remove container '{CONTAINER_NAME}' (if running)...")
+        subprocess.run(["docker", "stop", CONTAINER_NAME],
+                       check=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        subprocess.run(["docker", "rm", CONTAINER_NAME],
+                       check=False, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+    except Exception as e:
+        print(f"Error during preliminary container cleanup: {e}")
+
+    # Remove the Docker image
+    try:
+        print(f"Removing Docker image '{DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}'...")
+        subprocess.run(["docker", "rmi", DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME], check=True)
+        print("Docker image removed.")
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        print(f"Error removing Docker image '{DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}': {e}")
+
+    # Remove the generated Dockerfile
+    if os.path.exists(os.path.join(where, "Dockerfile")):
+        os.remove(os.path.join(where, "Dockerfile"))
+        print("Removed Dockerfile.")
+
+
+def run_in_docker(file_to_run: str, read_only_host_paths: list[str] = None, writable_host_paths: list[str] = None):
+    """Runs the code in a Docker container with optional mounts."""
+    print(f"\nRunning code in Docker container '{CONTAINER_NAME}'...")
+
+    # Building command (it will continue below...)
+    command = ["docker", "run",
+               "--rm",  # Automatically remove the container when it exits
+               "-e", "PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1",  # Ensure Python output is unbuffered
+               "-e", "NODE_STARTING_PORT",
+               "--name", CONTAINER_NAME]
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+
+        # Linux
+        command.extend(["--net", "host"]),  # Expose the host network (in macOS and Windows it is still a virtual host)
+    else:
+
+        # Not-linux: check ports (adding -p port:port)
+        port_int = int(os.getenv("NODE_STARTING_PORT", "0"))
+        if port_int > 0:
+            command.extend(["-p", str(port_int + 0) + ":" + str(port_int + 0)])
+            command.extend(["-p", str(port_int + 1) + ":" + str(port_int + 1) + "/udp"])
+            command.extend(["-p", str(port_int + 2) + ":" + str(port_int + 2)])
+            command.extend(["-p", str(port_int + 3) + ":" + str(port_int + 3) + "/udp"])
+
+    # Add read-only mount if path is provided
+    if read_only_host_paths is not None and len(read_only_host_paths) > 0:
+        for path in read_only_host_paths:
+
+            # Ensure the host path exists and is a directory
+            if not os.path.isdir(path):
+                print(
+                    f"Error: Read-only host path '{path}' does not exist or is not a directory. Cannot mount.")
+                return False
+            else:
+
+                # Augmenting command
+                path = os.path.abspath(path)
+                command.extend(["-v", f"{path}:{path}:ro"])
+                print(f"Mounted host '{path}' as read-only to container")
+
+    # Add writable mount if path is provided
+    if writable_host_paths is not None and len(writable_host_paths) > 0:
+        for path in writable_host_paths:
+
+            # Ensure the host path exists and is a directory
+            if not os.path.isdir(path):
+                print(
+                    f"Error: Writable host path '{path}' does not exist or is not a directory. Cannot mount.")
+                return False
+            else:
+
+                # Augmenting command
+                path = os.path.abspath(path)
+                command.extend(["-v", f"{path}:{path}"])
+                print(f"Mounted host '{path}' as writable to container")
+
+    # Completing command
+    command.append(DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME)
+
+    try:
+
+        # Running the prepared command... (using Popen to stream output in real-time)
+        try:
+            command.extend(["python3", file_to_run])
+            process = subprocess.Popen(command, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, text=True)
+            for line in iter(process.stdout.readline, ''):
+                sys.stdout.write(line)
+            process.wait()  # Wait for the process to finish
+            if process.returncode != 0:
+                print(f"Container exited with non-zero status code: {process.returncode}")
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            pass
+
+        print(f"\nContainer '{CONTAINER_NAME}' finished execution.")
+        return True
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        print("Error: Docker command not found. Is Docker installed and in your PATH?")
+        print("Please ensure Docker is installed and running.")
+        return False
+    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
+        print(f"Error running Docker container: {e}")
+        return False
+
+
+# Entry point
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
+        description="Run a Python script adding customizable read-only and writable paths.",
+        formatter_class=argparse.RawTextHelpFormatter,
+        epilog="""
+    Examples:
+      python utils/sandbox.py my_script.py -r /home/user/data:/opt/app/data -p 1234
+      python utils/sandbox.py another_script.py -w /tmp/output:/mnt/results
+      python utils/sandbox.py script_with_both.py -r /input:/app/in -w /output:/app/out -p 8082
+    """)
+    parser.add_argument(help="Path to the Python script to execute.", dest="script_to_run",
+                        type=str)
+    parser.add_argument("-p", "--port", dest="port",
+                        help="The starting port of the node(s) (each node uses 4 ports, consecutive port numbers)",
+                        type=str, required=True)
+    parser.add_argument("-r", "--read-only", dest="read_only_folders",
+                        help="One or multiple paths to mount as read-only. "
+                             "Use a colon to separate multiple paths (e.g., /path/a:/path/b).",
+                        type=str, default=None)
+    parser.add_argument("-w", "--writable", dest="writable_folders",
+                        help="One or multiple paths to mount as writable. "
+                             "Use a colon to separate multiple paths (e.g., /path/c:/path/d).",
+                        type=str, default=None)
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if not args.script_to_run.endswith(".py"):
+        parser.error(f"The script '{args.script_to_run}' must be a Python file (e.g., ending with .py)")
+    script_to_run = args.script_to_run
+    if not int(args.port) > 0:
+        parser.error(f"Invalid port")
+
+    read_only_folders = None
+    if args.read_only_folders:
+        read_only_folders = args.read_only_folders.split(':')
+    writable_folders = None
+    if args.writable_folders:
+        writable_folders = args.writable_folders.split(':')
+
+    print("\n Running in sandbox...")
+    print(f"- Script to run: {script_to_run}")
+    print(f"- Starting port (+0, +1, +2, +3): {args.port}")
+    print(f"- Read only paths to mount (the UNaIVERSE code folder will be automatically mounted): {read_only_folders}")
+    print(f"- Writable paths to mount: {writable_folders}\n")
+
+    # Marking
+    os.environ["NODE_STARTING_PORT"] = args.port
+
+    # Running the sandbox and the script
+    sandbox(script_to_run, read_only_paths=read_only_folders, writable_paths=writable_folders)