ultralytics 8.3.89__py3-none-any.whl → 8.3.91__py3-none-any.whl

ultralytics/utils/files.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class WorkingDirectory(contextlib.ContextDecorator):
     It ensures that the original working directory is restored after the context or decorated function completes.
 
     Attributes:
-        dir (Path): The new directory to switch to.
+        dir (Path | str): The new directory to switch to.
         cwd (Path): The original current working directory before the switch.
 
     Methods:
@@ -55,21 +55,21 @@ class WorkingDirectory(contextlib.ContextDecorator):
 @contextmanager
 def spaces_in_path(path):
     """
-    Context manager to handle paths with spaces in their names. If a path contains spaces, it replaces them with
-    underscores, copies the file/directory to the new path, executes the context code block, then copies the
-    file/directory back to its original location.
+    Context manager to handle paths with spaces in their names.
+
+    If a path contains spaces, it replaces them with underscores, copies the file/directory to the new path, executes
+    the context code block, then copies the file/directory back to its original location.
 
     Args:
         path (str | Path): The original path that may contain spaces.
 
     Yields:
-        (Path): Temporary path with spaces replaced by underscores if spaces were present, otherwise the original path.
+        (Path | str): Temporary path with spaces replaced by underscores if spaces were present, otherwise the original path.
 
     Examples:
-        Use the context manager to handle paths with spaces:
-        >>> from ultralytics.utils.files import spaces_in_path
         >>> with spaces_in_path('/path/with spaces') as new_path:
         >>> # Your code here
+        >>>     pass
     """
     # If path has spaces, replace them with underscores
     if " " in str(path):
@@ -106,21 +106,20 @@ def spaces_in_path(path):
 
 def increment_path(path, exist_ok=False, sep="", mkdir=False):
     """
-    Increments a file or directory path, i.e., runs/exp --> runs/exp{sep}2, runs/exp{sep}3, ... etc.
+    Increment a file or directory path, i.e., runs/exp --> runs/exp{sep}2, runs/exp{sep}3, ... etc.
 
     If the path exists and `exist_ok` is not True, the path will be incremented by appending a number and `sep` to
     the end of the path. If the path is a file, the file extension will be preserved. If the path is a directory, the
-    number will be appended directly to the end of the path. If `mkdir` is set to True, the path will be created as a
-    directory if it does not already exist.
+    number will be appended directly to the end of the path.
 
     Args:
-        path (str | pathlib.Path): Path to increment.
+        path (str | Path): Path to increment.
         exist_ok (bool): If True, the path will not be incremented and returned as-is.
         sep (str): Separator to use between the path and the incrementation number.
         mkdir (bool): Create a directory if it does not exist.
 
     Returns:
-        (pathlib.Path): Incremented path.
+        (Path): Incremented path.
 
     Examples:
         Increment a directory path:
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ def get_latest_run(search_dir="."):
 
 def update_models(model_names=("yolo11n.pt",), source_dir=Path("."), update_names=False):
     """
-    Updates and re-saves specified YOLO models in an 'updated_models' subdirectory.
+    Update and re-save specified YOLO models in an 'updated_models' subdirectory.
 
     Args:
         model_names (Tuple[str, ...]): Model filenames to update.

ultralytics/utils/instance.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def _ntuple(n):
     """From PyTorch internals."""
 
     def parse(x):
-        """Parse bounding boxes format between XYWH and LTWH."""
+        """Parse input to return n-tuple by repeating singleton values n times."""
         return x if isinstance(x, abc.Iterable) else tuple(repeat(x, n))
 
     return parse
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Bboxes:
     Bounding box data should be provided in numpy arrays.
 
     Attributes:
-        bboxes (numpy.ndarray): The bounding boxes stored in a 2D numpy array.
+        bboxes (np.ndarray): The bounding boxes stored in a 2D numpy array with shape (N, 4).
         format (str): The format of the bounding boxes ('xyxy', 'xywh', or 'ltwh').
 
     Note:
@@ -47,7 +47,13 @@ class Bboxes:
     """
 
     def __init__(self, bboxes, format="xyxy") -> None:
-        """Initializes the Bboxes class with bounding box data in a specified format."""
+        """
+        Initialize the Bboxes class with bounding box data in a specified format.
+
+        Args:
+            bboxes (np.ndarray): Array of bounding boxes with shape (N, 4) or (4,).
+            format (str): Format of the bounding boxes, one of 'xyxy', 'xywh', or 'ltwh'.
+        """
         assert format in _formats, f"Invalid bounding box format: {format}, format must be one of {_formats}"
         bboxes = bboxes[None, :] if bboxes.ndim == 1 else bboxes
         assert bboxes.ndim == 2
@@ -57,7 +63,12 @@ class Bboxes:
         # self.normalized = normalized
 
     def convert(self, format):
-        """Converts bounding box format from one type to another."""
+        """
+        Convert bounding box format from one type to another.
+
+        Args:
+            format (str): Target format for conversion, one of 'xyxy', 'xywh', or 'ltwh'.
+        """
         assert format in _formats, f"Invalid bounding box format: {format}, format must be one of {_formats}"
         if self.format == format:
             return
@@ -140,10 +151,9 @@ class Bboxes:
         Args:
             boxes_list (List[Bboxes]): A list of Bboxes objects to concatenate.
             axis (int, optional): The axis along which to concatenate the bounding boxes.
-                                   Defaults to 0.
 
         Returns:
-            Bboxes: A new Bboxes object containing the concatenated bounding boxes.
+            (Bboxes): A new Bboxes object containing the concatenated bounding boxes.
 
         Note:
             The input should be a list or tuple of Bboxes objects.
@@ -162,11 +172,11 @@ class Bboxes:
         Retrieve a specific bounding box or a set of bounding boxes using indexing.
 
         Args:
-            index (int, slice, or np.ndarray): The index, slice, or boolean array to select
-                                               the desired bounding boxes.
+            index (int | slice | np.ndarray): The index, slice, or boolean array to select
+                                              the desired bounding boxes.
 
         Returns:
-            Bboxes: A new Bboxes object containing the selected bounding boxes.
+            (Bboxes): A new Bboxes object containing the selected bounding boxes.
 
         Raises:
             AssertionError: If the indexed bounding boxes do not form a 2-dimensional matrix.
@@ -188,28 +198,29 @@ class Instances:
 
     Attributes:
         _bboxes (Bboxes): Internal object for handling bounding box operations.
-        keypoints (np.ndarray): keypoints(x, y, visible) with shape [N, 17, 3]. Default is None.
+        keypoints (np.ndarray): Keypoints with shape (N, 17, 3) in format (x, y, visible).
         normalized (bool): Flag indicating whether the bounding box coordinates are normalized.
-        segments (np.ndarray): Segments array with shape [N, 1000, 2] after resampling.
-
-    Args:
-        bboxes (np.ndarray): An array of bounding boxes with shape [N, 4].
-        segments (list | ndarray, optional): A list or array of object segments. Default is None.
-        keypoints (ndarray, optional): An array of keypoints with shape [N, 17, 3]. Default is None.
-        bbox_format (str, optional): The format of bounding boxes ('xywh' or 'xyxy'). Default is 'xywh'.
-        normalized (bool, optional): Whether the bounding box coordinates are normalized. Default is True.
+        segments (np.ndarray): Segments array with shape (N, M, 2) after resampling.
+
+    Methods:
+        convert_bbox: Convert bounding box format.
+        scale: Scale coordinates by given factors.
+        denormalize: Convert normalized coordinates to absolute coordinates.
+        normalize: Convert absolute coordinates to normalized coordinates.
+        add_padding: Add padding to coordinates.
+        flipud: Flip coordinates vertically.
+        fliplr: Flip coordinates horizontally.
+        clip: Clip coordinates to stay within image boundaries.
+        remove_zero_area_boxes: Remove boxes with zero area.
+        update: Update instance variables.
+        concatenate: Concatenate multiple Instances objects.
 
     Examples:
-        Create an Instances object
         >>> instances = Instances(
         ...     bboxes=np.array([[10, 10, 30, 30], [20, 20, 40, 40]]),
         ...     segments=[np.array([[5, 5], [10, 10]]), np.array([[15, 15], [20, 20]])],
         ...     keypoints=np.array([[[5, 5, 1], [10, 10, 1]], [[15, 15, 1], [20, 20, 1]]]),
         ... )
-
-    Note:
-        The bounding box format is either 'xywh' or 'xyxy', and is determined by the `bbox_format` argument.
-        This class does not perform input validation, and it assumes the inputs are well-formed.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, bboxes, segments=None, keypoints=None, bbox_format="xywh", normalized=True) -> None:
@@ -217,11 +228,11 @@ class Instances:
         Initialize the object with bounding boxes, segments, and keypoints.
 
         Args:
-            bboxes (np.ndarray): Bounding boxes, shape [N, 4].
-            segments (list | np.ndarray, optional): Segmentation masks. Defaults to None.
-            keypoints (np.ndarray, optional): Keypoints, shape [N, 17, 3] and format (x, y, visible). Defaults to None.
-            bbox_format (str, optional): Format of bboxes. Defaults to "xywh".
-            normalized (bool, optional): Whether the coordinates are normalized. Defaults to True.
+            bboxes (np.ndarray): Bounding boxes, shape (N, 4).
+            segments (List | np.ndarray, optional): Segmentation masks.
+            keypoints (np.ndarray, optional): Keypoints, shape (N, 17, 3) in format (x, y, visible).
+            bbox_format (str, optional): Format of bboxes.
+            normalized (bool, optional): Whether the coordinates are normalized.
         """
         self._bboxes = Bboxes(bboxes=bboxes, format=bbox_format)
         self.keypoints = keypoints
@@ -229,7 +240,12 @@ class Instances:
         self.segments = segments
 
     def convert_bbox(self, format):
-        """Convert bounding box format."""
+        """
+        Convert bounding box format.
+
+        Args:
+            format (str): Target format for conversion, one of 'xyxy', 'xywh', or 'ltwh'.
+        """
         self._bboxes.convert(format=format)
 
     @property
@@ -238,7 +254,14 @@ class Instances:
         return self._bboxes.areas()
 
     def scale(self, scale_w, scale_h, bbox_only=False):
-        """Similar to denormalize func but without normalized sign."""
+        """
+        Scale coordinates by given factors.
+
+        Args:
+            scale_w (float): Scale factor for width.
+            scale_h (float): Scale factor for height.
+            bbox_only (bool, optional): Whether to scale only bounding boxes.
+        """
         self._bboxes.mul(scale=(scale_w, scale_h, scale_w, scale_h))
         if bbox_only:
             return
@@ -249,7 +272,13 @@ class Instances:
             self.keypoints[..., 1] *= scale_h
 
     def denormalize(self, w, h):
-        """Denormalizes boxes, segments, and keypoints from normalized coordinates."""
+        """
+        Convert normalized coordinates to absolute coordinates.
+
+        Args:
+            w (int): Image width.
+            h (int): Image height.
+        """
         if not self.normalized:
             return
         self._bboxes.mul(scale=(w, h, w, h))
@@ -261,7 +290,13 @@ class Instances:
         self.normalized = False
 
     def normalize(self, w, h):
-        """Normalize bounding boxes, segments, and keypoints to image dimensions."""
+        """
+        Convert absolute coordinates to normalized coordinates.
+
+        Args:
+            w (int): Image width.
+            h (int): Image height.
+        """
         if self.normalized:
             return
         self._bboxes.mul(scale=(1 / w, 1 / h, 1 / w, 1 / h))
@@ -273,7 +308,13 @@ class Instances:
         self.normalized = True
 
     def add_padding(self, padw, padh):
-        """Handle rect and mosaic situation."""
+        """
+        Add padding to coordinates.
+
+        Args:
+            padw (int): Padding width.
+            padh (int): Padding height.
+        """
         assert not self.normalized, "you should add padding with absolute coordinates."
         self._bboxes.add(offset=(padw, padh, padw, padh))
         self.segments[..., 0] += padw
@@ -287,12 +328,10 @@ class Instances:
         Retrieve a specific instance or a set of instances using indexing.
 
         Args:
-            index (int, slice, or np.ndarray): The index, slice, or boolean array to select
-                                               the desired instances.
+            index (int | slice | np.ndarray): The index, slice, or boolean array to select the desired instances.
 
         Returns:
-            Instances: A new Instances object containing the selected bounding boxes,
-                       segments, and keypoints if present.
+            (Instances): A new Instances object containing the selected boxes, segments, and keypoints if present.
 
         Note:
             When using boolean indexing, make sure to provide a boolean array with the same
@@ -311,7 +350,12 @@ class Instances:
         )
 
     def flipud(self, h):
-        """Flips the coordinates of bounding boxes, segments, and keypoints vertically."""
+        """
+        Flip coordinates vertically.
+
+        Args:
+            h (int): Image height.
+        """
         if self._bboxes.format == "xyxy":
             y1 = self.bboxes[:, 1].copy()
             y2 = self.bboxes[:, 3].copy()
@@ -324,7 +368,12 @@ class Instances:
             self.keypoints[..., 1] = h - self.keypoints[..., 1]
 
     def fliplr(self, w):
-        """Reverses the order of the bounding boxes and segments horizontally."""
+        """
+        Flip coordinates horizontally.
+
+        Args:
+            w (int): Image width.
+        """
         if self._bboxes.format == "xyxy":
             x1 = self.bboxes[:, 0].copy()
             x2 = self.bboxes[:, 2].copy()
@@ -337,7 +386,13 @@ class Instances:
             self.keypoints[..., 0] = w - self.keypoints[..., 0]
 
     def clip(self, w, h):
-        """Clips bounding boxes, segments, and keypoints values to stay within image boundaries."""
+        """
+        Clip coordinates to stay within image boundaries.
+
+        Args:
+            w (int): Image width.
+            h (int): Image height.
+        """
         ori_format = self._bboxes.format
         self.convert_bbox(format="xyxy")
         self.bboxes[:, [0, 2]] = self.bboxes[:, [0, 2]].clip(0, w)
@@ -351,7 +406,12 @@ class Instances:
             self.keypoints[..., 1] = self.keypoints[..., 1].clip(0, h)
 
     def remove_zero_area_boxes(self):
-        """Remove zero-area boxes, i.e. after clipping some boxes may have zero width or height."""
+        """
+        Remove zero-area boxes, i.e. after clipping some boxes may have zero width or height.
+
+        Returns:
+            (np.ndarray): Boolean array indicating which boxes were kept.
+        """
         good = self.bbox_areas > 0
         if not all(good):
             self._bboxes = self._bboxes[good]
@@ -362,7 +422,14 @@ class Instances:
         return good
 
     def update(self, bboxes, segments=None, keypoints=None):
-        """Updates instance variables."""
+        """
+        Update instance variables.
+
+        Args:
+            bboxes (np.ndarray): New bounding boxes.
+            segments (np.ndarray, optional): New segments.
+            keypoints (np.ndarray, optional): New keypoints.
+        """
         self._bboxes = Bboxes(bboxes, format=self._bboxes.format)
         if segments is not None:
             self.segments = segments
@@ -376,14 +443,14 @@ class Instances:
     @classmethod
     def concatenate(cls, instances_list: List["Instances"], axis=0) -> "Instances":
         """
-        Concatenates a list of Instances objects into a single Instances object.
+        Concatenate a list of Instances objects into a single Instances object.
 
         Args:
             instances_list (List[Instances]): A list of Instances objects to concatenate.
-            axis (int, optional): The axis along which the arrays will be concatenated. Defaults to 0.
+            axis (int, optional): The axis along which the arrays will be concatenated.
 
         Returns:
-            Instances: A new Instances object containing the concatenated bounding boxes,
+            (Instances): A new Instances object containing the concatenated bounding boxes,
                        segments, and keypoints if present.
 
         Note:

ultralytics/utils/loss.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class VarifocalLoss(nn.Module):
 
     @staticmethod
     def forward(pred_score, gt_score, label, alpha=0.75, gamma=2.0):
-        """Computes varfocal loss."""
+        """Compute varfocal loss between predictions and ground truth."""
         weight = alpha * pred_score.sigmoid().pow(gamma) * (1 - label) + gt_score * label
         with autocast(enabled=False):
             loss = (
@@ -41,12 +41,12 @@ class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
     """Wraps focal loss around existing loss_fcn(), i.e. criteria = FocalLoss(nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss(), gamma=1.5)."""
 
     def __init__(self):
-        """Initializer for FocalLoss class with no parameters."""
+        """Initialize FocalLoss class with no parameters."""
         super().__init__()
 
     @staticmethod
     def forward(pred, label, gamma=1.5, alpha=0.25):
-        """Calculates and updates confusion matrix for object detection/classification tasks."""
+        """Calculate focal loss with modulating factors for class imbalance."""
         loss = F.binary_cross_entropy_with_logits(pred, label, reduction="none")
         # p_t = torch.exp(-loss)
         # loss *= self.alpha * (1.000001 - p_t) ** self.gamma  # non-zero power for gradient stability
@@ -63,20 +63,15 @@ class FocalLoss(nn.Module):
 
 
 class DFLoss(nn.Module):
-    """Criterion class for computing DFL losses during training."""
+    """Criterion class for computing Distribution Focal Loss (DFL)."""
 
     def __init__(self, reg_max=16) -> None:
-        """Initialize the DFL module."""
+        """Initialize the DFL module with regularization maximum."""
         super().__init__()
         self.reg_max = reg_max
 
     def __call__(self, pred_dist, target):
-        """
-        Return sum of left and right DFL losses.
-
-        Distribution Focal Loss (DFL) proposed in Generalized Focal Loss
-        https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9792391
-        """
+        """Return sum of left and right DFL losses from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9792391."""
         target = target.clamp_(0, self.reg_max - 1 - 0.01)
         tl = target.long()  # target left
         tr = tl + 1  # target right
@@ -89,7 +84,7 @@ class DFLoss(nn.Module):
 
 
 class BboxLoss(nn.Module):
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses during training."""
+    """Criterion class for computing training losses for bounding boxes."""
 
     def __init__(self, reg_max=16):
         """Initialize the BboxLoss module with regularization maximum and DFL settings."""
@@ -97,7 +92,7 @@ class BboxLoss(nn.Module):
         self.dfl_loss = DFLoss(reg_max) if reg_max > 1 else None
 
     def forward(self, pred_dist, pred_bboxes, anchor_points, target_bboxes, target_scores, target_scores_sum, fg_mask):
-        """IoU loss."""
+        """Compute IoU and DFL losses for bounding boxes."""
         weight = target_scores.sum(-1)[fg_mask].unsqueeze(-1)
         iou = bbox_iou(pred_bboxes[fg_mask], target_bboxes[fg_mask], xywh=False, CIoU=True)
         loss_iou = ((1.0 - iou) * weight).sum() / target_scores_sum
@@ -114,14 +109,14 @@ class BboxLoss(nn.Module):
 
 
 class RotatedBboxLoss(BboxLoss):
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses during training."""
+    """Criterion class for computing training losses for rotated bounding boxes."""
 
     def __init__(self, reg_max):
         """Initialize the BboxLoss module with regularization maximum and DFL settings."""
         super().__init__(reg_max)
 
     def forward(self, pred_dist, pred_bboxes, anchor_points, target_bboxes, target_scores, target_scores_sum, fg_mask):
-        """IoU loss."""
+        """Compute IoU and DFL losses for rotated bounding boxes."""
         weight = target_scores.sum(-1)[fg_mask].unsqueeze(-1)
         iou = probiou(pred_bboxes[fg_mask], target_bboxes[fg_mask])
         loss_iou = ((1.0 - iou) * weight).sum() / target_scores_sum
@@ -138,15 +133,15 @@ class RotatedBboxLoss(BboxLoss):
 
 
 class KeypointLoss(nn.Module):
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses."""
+    """Criterion class for computing keypoint losses."""
 
     def __init__(self, sigmas) -> None:
-        """Initialize the KeypointLoss class."""
+        """Initialize the KeypointLoss class with keypoint sigmas."""
         super().__init__()
         self.sigmas = sigmas
 
     def forward(self, pred_kpts, gt_kpts, kpt_mask, area):
-        """Calculates keypoint loss factor and Euclidean distance loss for predicted and actual keypoints."""
+        """Calculate keypoint loss factor and Euclidean distance loss for keypoints."""
         d = (pred_kpts[..., 0] - gt_kpts[..., 0]).pow(2) + (pred_kpts[..., 1] - gt_kpts[..., 1]).pow(2)
         kpt_loss_factor = kpt_mask.shape[1] / (torch.sum(kpt_mask != 0, dim=1) + 1e-9)
         # e = d / (2 * (area * self.sigmas) ** 2 + 1e-9)  # from formula
@@ -155,10 +150,10 @@ class KeypointLoss(nn.Module):
 
 
 class v8DetectionLoss:
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses."""
+    """Criterion class for computing training losses for YOLOv8 object detection."""
 
     def __init__(self, model, tal_topk=10):  # model must be de-paralleled
-        """Initializes v8DetectionLoss with the model, defining model-related properties and BCE loss function."""
+        """Initialize v8DetectionLoss with model parameters and task-aligned assignment settings."""
         device = next(model.parameters()).device  # get model device
         h = model.args  # hyperparameters
 
@@ -178,7 +173,7 @@ class v8DetectionLoss:
         self.proj = torch.arange(m.reg_max, dtype=torch.float, device=device)
 
     def preprocess(self, targets, batch_size, scale_tensor):
-        """Preprocesses the target counts and matches with the input batch size to output a tensor."""
+        """Preprocess targets by converting to tensor format and scaling coordinates."""
         nl, ne = targets.shape
         if nl == 0:
             out = torch.zeros(batch_size, 0, ne - 1, device=self.device)
@@ -261,15 +256,15 @@ class v8DetectionLoss:
 
 
 class v8SegmentationLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses."""
+    """Criterion class for computing training losses for YOLOv8 segmentation."""
 
     def __init__(self, model):  # model must be de-paralleled
-        """Initializes the v8SegmentationLoss class, taking a de-paralleled model as argument."""
+        """Initialize the v8SegmentationLoss class with model parameters and mask overlap setting."""
         super().__init__(model)
         self.overlap = model.args.overlap_mask
 
     def __call__(self, preds, batch):
-        """Calculate and return the loss for the YOLO model."""
+        """Calculate and return the combined loss for detection and segmentation."""
         loss = torch.zeros(4, device=self.device)  # box, cls, dfl
         feats, pred_masks, proto = preds if len(preds) == 3 else preds[1]
         batch_size, _, mask_h, mask_w = proto.shape  # batch size, number of masks, mask height, mask width
@@ -444,10 +439,10 @@ class v8SegmentationLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
 
 
 class v8PoseLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses."""
+    """Criterion class for computing training losses for YOLOv8 pose estimation."""
 
     def __init__(self, model):  # model must be de-paralleled
-        """Initializes v8PoseLoss with model, sets keypoint variables and declares a keypoint loss instance."""
+        """Initialize v8PoseLoss with model parameters and keypoint-specific loss functions."""
         super().__init__(model)
         self.kpt_shape = model.model[-1].kpt_shape
         self.bce_pose = nn.BCEWithLogitsLoss()
@@ -457,7 +452,7 @@ class v8PoseLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
         self.keypoint_loss = KeypointLoss(sigmas=sigmas)
 
     def __call__(self, preds, batch):
-        """Calculate the total loss and detach it."""
+        """Calculate the total loss and detach it for pose estimation."""
         loss = torch.zeros(5, device=self.device)  # box, cls, dfl, kpt_location, kpt_visibility
         feats, pred_kpts = preds if isinstance(preds[0], list) else preds[1]
         pred_distri, pred_scores = torch.cat([xi.view(feats[0].shape[0], self.no, -1) for xi in feats], 2).split(
@@ -524,7 +519,7 @@ class v8PoseLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
 
     @staticmethod
     def kpts_decode(anchor_points, pred_kpts):
-        """Decodes predicted keypoints to image coordinates."""
+        """Decode predicted keypoints to image coordinates."""
         y = pred_kpts.clone()
         y[..., :2] *= 2.0
         y[..., 0] += anchor_points[:, [0]] - 0.5
@@ -599,7 +594,7 @@ class v8PoseLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
 
 
 class v8ClassificationLoss:
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses."""
+    """Criterion class for computing training losses for classification."""
 
     def __call__(self, preds, batch):
         """Compute the classification loss between predictions and true labels."""
@@ -613,13 +608,13 @@ class v8OBBLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
     """Calculates losses for object detection, classification, and box distribution in rotated YOLO models."""
 
     def __init__(self, model):
-        """Initializes v8OBBLoss with model, assigner, and rotated bbox loss; note model must be de-paralleled."""
+        """Initialize v8OBBLoss with model, assigner, and rotated bbox loss; model must be de-paralleled."""
         super().__init__(model)
         self.assigner = RotatedTaskAlignedAssigner(topk=10, num_classes=self.nc, alpha=0.5, beta=6.0)
         self.bbox_loss = RotatedBboxLoss(self.reg_max).to(self.device)
 
     def preprocess(self, targets, batch_size, scale_tensor):
-        """Preprocesses the target counts and matches with the input batch size to output a tensor."""
+        """Preprocess targets for oriented bounding box detection."""
         if targets.shape[0] == 0:
             out = torch.zeros(batch_size, 0, 6, device=self.device)
         else:
@@ -636,7 +631,7 @@ class v8OBBLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
         return out
 
     def __call__(self, preds, batch):
-        """Calculate and return the loss for the YOLO model."""
+        """Calculate and return the loss for oriented bounding box detection."""
         loss = torch.zeros(3, device=self.device)  # box, cls, dfl
         feats, pred_angle = preds if isinstance(preds[0], list) else preds[1]
         batch_size = pred_angle.shape[0]  # batch size, number of masks, mask height, mask width
@@ -726,7 +721,7 @@ class v8OBBLoss(v8DetectionLoss):
 
 
 class E2EDetectLoss:
-    """Criterion class for computing training losses."""
+    """Criterion class for computing training losses for end-to-end detection."""
 
     def __init__(self, model):
         """Initialize E2EDetectLoss with one-to-many and one-to-one detection losses using the provided model."""