ucon 0.3.3rc2__py3-none-any.whl → 0.3.5__py3-none-any.whl

tests/ucon/test_quantity.py

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+# © 2025 The Radiativity Company
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# See the LICENSE file for details.
+
+import unittest
+
+from ucon import units
+from ucon.core import UnitProduct, UnitFactor, Dimension, Scale, Unit
+from ucon.quantity import Number, Ratio
+
+
+class TestNumber(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    number = Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=1)
+
+    def test_as_ratio(self):
+        ratio = self.number.as_ratio()
+        self.assertIsInstance(ratio, Ratio)
+        self.assertEqual(ratio.numerator, self.number)
+        self.assertEqual(ratio.denominator, Number())
+
+    @unittest.skip("Requires ConversionGraph implementation")
+    def test_simplify(self):
+        decagram = UnitFactor(dimension=Dimension.mass, name='gram', scale=Scale.deca)
+        kibigram = UnitFactor(dimension=Dimension.mass, name='gram', scale=Scale.kibi)
+
+        ten_decagrams = Number(unit=decagram, quantity=10)
+        point_one_decagrams = Number(unit=decagram, quantity=0.1)
+        two_kibigrams = Number(unit=kibigram, quantity=2)
+
+        self.assertEqual(Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=100), ten_decagrams.simplify())
+        self.assertEqual(Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=1), point_one_decagrams.simplify())
+        self.assertEqual(Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=2048), two_kibigrams.simplify())
+
+    @unittest.skip("Requires ConversionGraph implementation")
+    def test_to(self):
+        kg = UnitFactor(dimension=Dimension.mass, name='gram', scale=Scale.kilo)
+        mg = UnitFactor(dimension=Dimension.mass, name='gram', scale=Scale.milli)
+        kibigram = UnitFactor(dimension=Dimension.mass, name='gram', scale=Scale.kibi)
+
+        thousandth_of_a_kilogram = Number(unit=kg, quantity=0.001)
+        thousand_milligrams = Number(unit=mg, quantity=1000)
+        kibigram_fraction = Number(unit=kibigram, quantity=0.0009765625)
+
+        self.assertEqual(thousandth_of_a_kilogram, self.number.to(Scale.kilo))
+        self.assertEqual(thousand_milligrams, self.number.to(Scale.milli))
+        self.assertEqual(kibigram_fraction, self.number.to(Scale.kibi))
+
+    @unittest.skip("TODO: revamp: Unit.scale is deprecated.")
+    def test___repr__(self):
+        self.assertIn(str(self.number.quantity), str(self.number))
+        self.assertIn(str(self.number.unit.scale.value.evaluated), str(self.number))
+        self.assertIn(self.number.unit.shorthand, str(self.number))
+
+    def test___truediv__(self):
+        dal = Scale.deca * units.gram
+        mg = Scale.milli * units.gram
+        kibigram = Scale.kibi * units.gram
+
+        some_number = Number(unit=dal, quantity=10)
+        another_number = Number(unit=mg, quantity=10)
+        that_number = Number(unit=kibigram, quantity=10)
+
+        some_quotient = self.number / some_number
+        another_quotient = self.number / another_number
+        that_quotient = self.number / that_number
+
+        self.assertEqual(some_quotient.value, 0.01)
+        self.assertEqual(another_quotient.value, 100.0)
+        self.assertEqual(that_quotient.value, 0.00009765625)
+
+    def test___eq__(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.number, Ratio(self.number))  # 1 gram / 1
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            self.number == 1
+
+
+class TestNumberEdgeCases(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_density_times_volume_preserves_user_scale(self):
+        mL = Scale.milli * units.liter
+        density = Ratio(Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=3.119),
+                        Number(unit=mL, quantity=1))
+        two_mL = Number(unit=mL, quantity=2)
+
+        result = density.evaluate() * two_mL
+        self.assertIsInstance(result.unit, UnitProduct)
+        self.assertDictEqual(result.unit.factors, {units.gram: 1})
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(result.quantity, 6.238, places=12)
+
+        mg = Scale.milli * units.gram
+        mg_factor = UnitFactor(unit=units.gram, scale=Scale.milli)
+        mg_density = Ratio(Number(unit=mg, quantity=3119), Number(unit=mL, quantity=1))
+
+        mg_result = mg_density.evaluate() * two_mL
+        self.assertIsInstance(mg_result.unit, UnitProduct)
+        self.assertDictEqual(mg_result.unit.factors, {mg_factor: 1})
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(mg_result.quantity, 6238, places=12)
+
+    def test_number_mul_asymmetric_density_volume(self):
+        g = units.gram
+        mL = Scale.milli * units.liter
+
+        density = Number(unit=g, quantity=3.119) / Number(unit=mL, quantity=1)
+        two_mL = Number(unit=mL, quantity=2)
+
+        result = density * two_mL
+
+        assert result.unit == g
+        assert abs(result.quantity - 6.238) < 1e-12
+
+    def test_number_mul_retains_scale_when_scaling_lengths(self):
+        km = Scale.kilo * units.meter
+        m = units.meter
+
+        n1 = Number(unit=km, quantity=2)   # 2 km
+        n2 = Number(unit=m, quantity=500)  # 500 m
+
+        result = n1 * n2
+
+        assert result.unit.dimension == Dimension.area
+        # scale stays on unit expression, not folded into numeric
+        assert "km" in result.unit.shorthand or "m" in result.unit.shorthand
+
+    def test_number_mul_mixed_scales_do_not_auto_cancel(self):
+        km = Scale.kilo * units.meter
+        m = units.meter
+
+        result = Number(unit=km, quantity=1) * Number(unit=m, quantity=1)
+
+        # Should remain composite rather than collapsing to base m^2
+        assert isinstance(result.unit, UnitProduct)
+        assert "km" in result.unit.shorthand
+        assert "m" in result.unit.shorthand
+
+    def test_number_div_uses_canonical_rhs_value(self):
+        dal = Scale.deca * units.gram   # 10 g
+        n = Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=1)
+
+        quotient = n / Number(unit=dal, quantity=10)
+
+        # 1 g / (10 × 10 g) = 0.01
+        assert abs(quotient.value - 0.01) < 1e-12
+
+    def test_ratio_times_number_preserves_user_scale(self):
+        mL = Scale.milli * units.liter
+        density = Ratio(Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=3.119),
+                        Number(unit=mL, quantity=1))
+        two_mL = Number(unit=mL, quantity=2)
+
+        result = density * two_mL.as_ratio()
+        evaluated = result.evaluate()
+
+        assert evaluated.unit == units.gram
+        assert abs(evaluated.quantity - 6.238) < 1e-12
+
+    @unittest.skip("TODO: revamp: Unit.scale is deprecated.")
+    def test_default_number_is_dimensionless_one(self):
+        n = Number()
+        self.assertEqual(n.unit, units.none)
+        self.assertEqual(n.unit.scale, Scale.one)
+        self.assertEqual(n.quantity, 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(n.value, 1.0)
+        self.assertIn("1", repr(n))
+
+    @unittest.skip("Requires ConversionGraph implementation")
+    def test_to_new_scale_changes_value(self):
+        thousand = UnitFactor(dimension=Dimension.none, name='', scale=Scale.kilo)
+        n = Number(quantity=1000, unit=thousand)
+        converted = n.to(Scale.one)
+        self.assertNotEqual(n.value, converted.value)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(converted.value, 1000)
+
+    @unittest.skip("TODO: revamp: Unit.scale is deprecated.")
+    @unittest.skip("Requires ConversionGraph implementation")
+    def test_simplify_uses_value_as_quantity(self):
+        thousand = UnitFactor(dimension=Dimension.none, name='', scale=Scale.kilo)
+        n = Number(quantity=2, unit=thousand)
+        simplified = n.simplify()
+        self.assertEqual(simplified.quantity, n.value)
+        self.assertNotEqual(simplified.unit.scale, n.unit.scale)
+        self.assertEqual(simplified.value, n.value)
+
+    def test_multiplication_combines_units_and_quantities(self):
+        n1 = Number(unit=units.joule, quantity=2)
+        n2 = Number(unit=units.second, quantity=3)
+        result = n1 * n2
+        self.assertEqual(result.quantity, 6)
+        self.assertEqual(result.unit.dimension, Dimension.energy * Dimension.time)
+
+    @unittest.skip("TODO: revamp: Unit.scale is deprecated.")
+    @unittest.skip("Requires ConversionGraph implementation")
+    def test_division_combines_units_scales_and_quantities(self):
+        km = UnitFactor('m', name='meter', dimension=Dimension.length, scale=Scale.kilo)
+        n1 = Number(unit=km, quantity=1000)
+        n2 = Number(unit=units.second, quantity=2)
+
+        result = n1 / n2     # should yield <500 km/s>
+
+        cu = result.unit
+        self.assertIsInstance(cu, UnitProduct)
+
+        # --- quantity check ---
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(result.quantity, 500)
+
+        # --- dimension check ---
+        self.assertEqual(cu.dimension, Dimension.velocity)
+
+        # --- scale check: km/s should have a kilo-scaled meter in the numerator ---
+        # find the meter-like unit in the components
+        meter_like = next(u for u, exp in cu.components.items() if u.dimension == Dimension.length)
+        self.assertEqual(meter_like.scale, Scale.kilo)
+        self.assertEqual(cu.components[meter_like], 1)  # exponent = 1 in numerator
+
+        # --- symbolic shorthand ---
+        self.assertEqual(cu.shorthand, "km/s")
+
+        # --- optional canonicalization ---
+        canonical = result.to(Scale.one)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(canonical.quantity, 500000)
+        self.assertEqual(canonical.unit.shorthand, "m/s")
+
+    def test_equality_with_non_number_raises_value_error(self):
+        n = Number()
+        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
+            n == '5'
+
+    def test_equality_between_numbers_and_ratios(self):
+        n1 = Number(quantity=10)
+        n2 = Number(quantity=10)
+        r = Ratio(n1, n2)
+        self.assertTrue(r == Number())
+
+    def test_repr_includes_scale_and_unit(self):
+        kV = Scale.kilo * Unit('V', name='volt', dimension=Dimension.voltage)
+        n = Number(unit=kV, quantity=5)
+        rep = repr(n)
+        self.assertIn("kV", rep)
+
+
+class TestRatio(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    point_five = Number(quantity=0.5)
+    one = Number()
+    two = Number(quantity=2)
+    three = Number(quantity=3)
+    four = Number(quantity=4)
+
+    one_half = Ratio(numerator=one, denominator=two)
+    three_fourths = Ratio(numerator=three, denominator=four)
+    one_ratio = Ratio(numerator=one)
+    three_halves = Ratio(numerator=three, denominator=two)
+    two_ratio = Ratio(numerator=two, denominator=one)
+
+    def test_evaluate(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.one_ratio.numerator, self.one)
+        self.assertEqual(self.one_ratio.denominator, self.one)
+        self.assertEqual(self.one_ratio.evaluate(), self.one)
+        self.assertEqual(self.two_ratio.evaluate(), self.two)
+
+    def test_reciprocal(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.two_ratio.reciprocal().numerator, self.one)
+        self.assertEqual(self.two_ratio.reciprocal().denominator, self.two)
+        self.assertEqual(self.two_ratio.reciprocal().evaluate(), self.point_five)
+
+    def test___mul__commutivity(self):
+        # Does commutivity hold?
+        self.assertEqual(self.three_halves * self.one_half, self.three_fourths)
+        self.assertEqual(self.one_half * self.three_halves, self.three_fourths)
+
+    def test___mul__(self):
+        mL = Scale.milli * Unit('L', name='liter', dimension=Dimension.volume)
+        n1 = Number(unit=units.gram, quantity=3.119)
+        n2 = Number(unit=mL)
+        bromine_density = Ratio(n1, n2)
+    
+        # How many grams of bromine are in 2 milliliters?
+        two_milliliters_bromine = Number(unit=mL, quantity=2)
+        ratio = two_milliliters_bromine.as_ratio() * bromine_density
+        answer = ratio.evaluate()
+        self.assertEqual(answer.unit.dimension, Dimension.mass)
+        self.assertEqual(answer.value, 6.238) # Grams
+
+    def test___truediv__(self):
+        seconds_per_hour = Ratio(
+            numerator=Number(unit=units.second, quantity=3600),
+            denominator=Number(unit=units.hour, quantity=1)
+        )
+
+        # How many Wh from 20 kJ?
+        twenty_kilojoules = Number(
+            unit=Scale.kilo * Unit('J', name='joule', dimension=Dimension.energy),
+            quantity=20
+        )
+        ratio = twenty_kilojoules.as_ratio() / seconds_per_hour
+        answer = ratio.evaluate()
+        self.assertEqual(answer.unit.dimension, Dimension.energy)
+        # When the ConversionGraph is implemented, conversion to watt-hours will be possible.
+        self.assertEqual(round(answer.value, 5), 0.00556)  # kilowatt * hours
+
+    def test___eq__(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.one_half, self.point_five)
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            self.one_half == 1/2
+
+    def test___repr__(self):
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.one_ratio), '<1.0>')
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.two_ratio), '<2> / <1.0>')
+        self.assertEqual(str(self.two_ratio.evaluate()), '<2.0>')
+
+
+class TestRatioEdgeCases(unittest.TestCase):
+
+    def test_default_ratio_is_dimensionless_one(self):
+        r = Ratio()
+        self.assertEqual(r.numerator.unit, units.none)
+        self.assertEqual(r.denominator.unit, units.none)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(r.evaluate().value, 1.0)
+
+    def test_reciprocal_swaps_numerator_and_denominator(self):
+        n1 = Number(quantity=10)
+        n2 = Number(quantity=2)
+        r = Ratio(n1, n2)
+        reciprocal = r.reciprocal()
+        self.assertEqual(reciprocal.numerator, r.denominator)
+        self.assertEqual(reciprocal.denominator, r.numerator)
+
+    def test_evaluate_returns_number_division_result(self):
+        r = Ratio(Number(unit=units.meter), Number(unit=units.second))
+        result = r.evaluate()
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, Number)
+        self.assertEqual(result.unit.dimension, Dimension.velocity)
+
+    def test_multiplication_between_compatible_ratios(self):
+        r1 = Ratio(Number(unit=units.meter), Number(unit=units.second))
+        r2 = Ratio(Number(unit=units.second), Number(unit=units.meter))
+        product = r1 * r2
+        self.assertIsInstance(product, Ratio)
+        self.assertEqual(product.evaluate().unit.dimension, Dimension.none)
+
+    def test_multiplication_with_incompatible_units_fallback(self):
+        r1 = Ratio(Number(unit=units.meter), Number(unit=units.ampere))
+        r2 = Ratio(Number(unit=units.ampere), Number(unit=units.meter))
+        result = r1 * r2
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, Ratio)
+
+    def test_division_between_ratios_yields_new_ratio(self):
+        r1 = Ratio(Number(quantity=2), Number(quantity=1))
+        r2 = Ratio(Number(quantity=4), Number(quantity=2))
+        result = r1 / r2
+        self.assertIsInstance(result, Ratio)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(result.evaluate().value, 1.0)
+
+    def test_equality_with_non_ratio_raises_value_error(self):
+        r = Ratio()
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            _ = (r == "not_a_ratio")
+
+    def test_repr_handles_equal_numerator_denominator(self):
+        r = Ratio()
+        self.assertEqual(str(r.evaluate().value), "1.0")
+        rep = repr(r)
+        self.assertTrue(rep.startswith("<1"))
+
+    def test_repr_of_non_equal_ratio_includes_slash(self):
+        n1 = Number(quantity=2)
+        n2 = Number(quantity=1)
+        r = Ratio(n1, n2)
+        rep = repr(r)
+        self.assertIn("/", rep)

tests/ucon/test_units.py

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 
+# © 2025 The Radiativity Company
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# See the LICENSE file for details.
 
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 from ucon import units
-from ucon.dimension import Dimension
-from ucon.unit import Unit
+from ucon.core import Dimension
 
 
 class TestUnits(TestCase):
@@ -18,4 +20,6 @@ class TestUnits(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(units.none, units.gram / units.gram)
         self.assertEqual(units.gram, units.gram / units.none)
 
-        self.assertEqual(Unit(name='(g/L)', dimension=Dimension.density), units.gram / units.liter)
+        composite_unit = units.gram / units.liter
+        self.assertEqual("g/L", composite_unit.shorthand)
+        self.assertEqual(Dimension.density, composite_unit.dimension)

ucon/__init__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+# © 2025 The Radiativity Company
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# See the LICENSE file for details.
+
 """
 ucon
 ====
@@ -33,9 +37,9 @@ Design Philosophy
   data-driven framework that is generalizable to arbitrary unit systems.
 """
 from ucon import units
-from ucon.unit import Unit
-from ucon.core import Exponent, Number, Scale, Ratio
-from ucon.dimension import Dimension
+from ucon.algebra import Exponent
+from ucon.core import Dimension, Scale, Unit, UnitFactor, UnitProduct
+from ucon.quantity import Number, Ratio
 
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -45,5 +49,7 @@ __all__ = [
     'Ratio',
     'Scale',
     'Unit',
+    'UnitFactor',
+    'UnitProduct',
     'units',
 ]

ucon/algebra.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+# © 2025 The Radiativity Company
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0
+# See the LICENSE file for details.
+
+"""
+ucon.algebra
+============
+
+Provides the low-level algebraic primitives that power the rest of the *ucon*
+stack. These building blocks model exponent vectors for physical dimensions and
+numeric base-exponent pairs for scale prefixes, enabling higher-level modules to
+compose dimensions, units, and quantities without reimplementing arithmetic.
+
+Other modules depend on these structures to ensure dimensional calculations,
+prefix handling, and unit simplification all share the same semantics.
+
+Classes
+-------
+- :class:`Vector` — Exponent tuple representing a physical dimension basis.
+- :class:`Exponent` — Base/power pair supporting prefix arithmetic.
+"""
+import math
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from functools import partial, reduce, total_ordering
+from operator import __sub__ as subtraction
+from typing import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Tuple, Union
+
+
+diff: Callable[[Iterable], int] = partial(reduce, subtraction)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Vector:
+    """
+    Represents the **exponent vector** of a physical quantity.
+
+    Each component corresponds to the power of a base dimension in the SI system:
+    time (T), length (L), mass (M), current (I), temperature (Θ),
+    luminous intensity (J), and amount of substance (N).
+
+    Arithmetic operations correspond to dimensional composition:
+    - Addition (`+`) → multiplication of quantities
+    - Subtraction (`-`) → division of quantities
+
+    e.g.
+    Vector(T=1, L=0, M=0, I=0, Θ=0, J=0, N=0)   => "time"
+    Vector(T=0, L=2, M=0, I=0, Θ=0, J=0, N=0)   => "area"
+    Vector(T=-2, L=1, M=1, I=0, Θ=0, J=0, N=0)  => "force"
+    """
+    T: int = 0  # time
+    L: int = 0  # length
+    M: int = 0  # mass
+    I: int = 0  # current
+    Θ: int = 0  # temperature
+    J: int = 0  # luminous intensity
+    N: int = 0  # amount of substance
+
+    def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[int]:
+        yield self.T
+        yield self.L
+        yield self.M
+        yield self.I
+        yield self.Θ
+        yield self.J
+        yield self.N
+
+    def __len__(self) -> int:
+        return sum(tuple(1 for x in self))
+
+    def __add__(self, vector: 'Vector') -> 'Vector':
+        """
+        Addition, here, comes from the multiplication of base quantities
+
+        e.g. F = m * a
+        F =
+            (s^-2 * m^1 * kg   * A * K * cd * mol) +
+            (s    * m   * kg^1 * A * K * cd * mol)
+        """
+        values = tuple(sum(pair) for pair in zip(tuple(self), tuple(vector)))
+        return Vector(*values)
+
+    def __sub__(self, vector: 'Vector') -> 'Vector':
+        """
+        Subtraction, here, comes from the division of base quantities
+        """
+        values = tuple(diff(pair) for pair in zip(tuple(self), tuple(vector)))
+        return Vector(*values)
+
+    def __mul__(self, scalar: Union[int, float]) -> 'Vector':
+        """
+        Scalar multiplication of the exponent vector.
+
+        e.g., raising a dimension to a power:
+
+            >>> Dimension.length ** 2   # area
+            >>> Dimension.time ** -1    # frequency
+        """
+        values = tuple(component * scalar for component in tuple(self))
+        return Vector(*values)
+
+    def __eq__(self, vector: 'Vector') -> bool:
+        assert isinstance(vector, Vector), "Can only compare Vector to another Vector"
+        return tuple(self) == tuple(vector)
+
+    def __hash__(self) -> int:
+        # Hash based on the string because tuples have been shown to collide
+        # Not the most performant, but effective
+        return hash(str(tuple(self)))
+
+
+# TODO -- consider using a dataclass
+@total_ordering
+class Exponent:
+    """
+    Represents a **base–exponent pair** (e.g., 10³ or 2¹⁰).
+
+    Provides comparison and division semantics used internally to represent
+    magnitude prefixes (e.g., kilo, mega, micro).
+
+    TODO (wittwemms): embrace fractional exponents for closure on multiplication/division.
+    """
+    bases = {2: math.log2, 10: math.log10}
+
+    __slots__ = ("base", "power")
+
+    def __init__(self, base: int, power: Union[int, float]):
+        if base not in self.bases.keys():
+            raise ValueError(f'Only the following bases are supported: {reduce(lambda a,b: f"{a}, {b}", self.bases.keys())}')
+        self.base = base
+        self.power = power
+
+    @property
+    def evaluated(self) -> float:
+        """Return the numeric value of base ** power."""
+        return self.base ** self.power
+
+    def parts(self) -> Tuple[int, Union[int, float]]:
+        """Return (base, power) tuple, used for Scale lookups."""
+        return self.base, self.power
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: 'Exponent'):
+        if not isinstance(other, Exponent):
+            raise TypeError(f'Cannot compare Exponent to non-Exponent type: {type(other)}')
+        return self.evaluated == other.evaluated
+
+    def __lt__(self, other: 'Exponent'):
+        if not isinstance(other, Exponent):
+            return NotImplemented
+        return self.evaluated < other.evaluated
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        # Hash by rounded numeric equivalence to maintain cross-base consistency
+        return hash(round(self.evaluated, 15))
+
+    # ---------- Arithmetic Semantics ----------
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: 'Exponent'):
+        """
+        Divide two Exponents.
+        - If bases match, returns a relative Exponent.
+        - If bases differ, returns a numeric ratio (float).
+        """
+        if not isinstance(other, Exponent):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if self.base == other.base:
+            return Exponent(self.base, self.power - other.power)
+        return self.evaluated / other.evaluated
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: 'Exponent'):
+        if not isinstance(other, Exponent):
+            return NotImplemented
+        if self.base == other.base:
+            return Exponent(self.base, self.power + other.power)
+        return float(self.evaluated * other.evaluated)
+
+    def __pow__(self, exponent: Union[int, float]) -> "Exponent":
+        """
+        Raise this Exponent to a numeric power.
+
+        Example:
+            Exponent(10, 3) ** 2
+            # → Exponent(base=10, power=6)
+        """
+        return Exponent(self.base, self.power * exponent)
+
+    # ---------- Conversion Utilities ----------
+
+    def to_base(self, new_base: int) -> "Exponent":
+        """
+        Convert this Exponent to another base representation.
+
+        Example:
+            Exponent(2, 10).to_base(10)
+            # → Exponent(base=10, power=3.010299956639812)
+        """
+        if new_base not in self.bases:
+            supported = ", ".join(map(str, self.bases))
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported base {new_base!r}. Supported bases: {supported}")
+        new_power = self.bases[new_base](self.evaluated)
+        return Exponent(new_base, new_power)
+
+    # ---------- Numeric Interop ----------
+
+    def __float__(self) -> float:
+        return float(self.evaluated)
+
+    def __int__(self) -> int:
+        return int(self.evaluated)
+
+    # ---------- Representation ----------
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"Exponent(base={self.base}, power={self.power})"
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.base}^{self.power}"