turbo-design 1.0.0__py2.py3-none-any.whl

turbodesign/bladerow.py

@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+from dataclasses import field, Field
+from typing import Any, Callable, List, Tuple, Union
+from .enums import RowType, PowerType
+import numpy as np 
+import numpy.typing as npt
+from scipy.interpolate import interp1d
+from .arrayfuncs import convert_to_ndarray
+from cantera import Solution, composite
+from .coolant import Coolant
+from pyturbo.helper import line2D
+from pyturbo.aero.airfoil2D import Airfoil2D
+from .loss import LossBaseClass
+from .passage import Passage
+    
+
+class BladeRow:
+    stage_id:int = 0
+    row_type: RowType = RowType.Stator
+    loss_function:LossBaseClass
+    cutting_line:line2D         # Line perpendicular to the streamline
+    rp:float = 0.4              # Degree of Reaction
+    
+    # Fluid
+    R: float = 287.15           # Ideal Gas constant J/(Kg K)
+    gamma: float = 1.33         # Ratio of Cp/Cv
+    Cp: float = 1019            # Cp J/(Kg*K)
+    Cv: float = 1019/1.14       # Cv J/(Kg*K)
+    _coolant:Coolant = None     # type: ignore # Coolant Fluid
+    fluid: composite.Solution = Solution("air.yaml")
+    mu:float = 0 
+    
+    total_massflow:float = 0    # Massflow spool + all upstream cooling flow [kg/s]
+    massflow:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))  # Massflow per radii
+    total_massflow_no_coolant:float = 0     # Inlet massflow
+    # ----------------------------------
+
+    # Streamline Properties 
+    axial_location:float = 0 # Where blade row is defined along the hub. 
+    percent_hub_shroud: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))    # Percent streamline length from hub to shroud.
+    x: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))       # x - coordinates (useful for computing axial chord)
+    r: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))       # Radius - coordinates 
+    area:float = 0
+    # Calculated massflow is the massflow computed after radial eq solver
+    calculated_massflow: float = 0
+    
+    # Row Efficiency (calculated or specified)
+    eta_total:float = 0     # Total to Total
+    eta_static:float = 0    # Total to static
+    stage_loading:float = 0 # stage loading how much work done per stage
+
+    alpha1: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))               # Blade inlet absolute flow angle
+    alpha2: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))               # Blade exit absolute flow angle
+    
+    beta1: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                 # Blade inlet relative flow angle
+    beta2: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                 # Blade exit relative flow angle
+    
+    _beta1_metal:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))           # blade inlet metal angle
+    beta1_metal_radii:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))      # radii where metal angle is defined
+    
+    _beta2_metal:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))           # blade exit metal angle
+    beta2_metal_radii:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))      # radii where metal angle is defined
+    
+    beta1_fixed:bool = False    # Geometry already defined. This affects the inlet flow angle
+    beta2_fixed:bool = False    # Geometry already defined. This affects the exit flow angle
+
+    # Velocities 
+    Vm: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))               # Meridional velocity
+    Vx: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))               # Axial Velocity
+    Vt: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))               # Tangential Velocity
+    Vr:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                # Radial velocity 
+    V: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                # Absolute Velocity in 3D coordinate system
+    V2: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))               # Absolute Velocity in Theta-Axial plane
+    M: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                # Mach Number
+    M_rel: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))            # Relative Mach Number
+    U: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                # Peripheral velocity
+    W: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                # Relative Velocity in Theta-Axial plane
+    Wt: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))               # Relative Tangential Velocity    
+
+    _rpm: float = 0 
+    omega:float = 0 # angular velocity rad/s
+    
+    P0_stator_inlet = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))              # Every quantity is an exit quantity, This is used  for efficiency calcs
+    T0_stator_inlet = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))              # Every quantity is an exit quantity, This is used  for efficiency calcs
+    P0: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))              # Total Quantities 
+    T0: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))          
+    T0_is:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0])) 
+    P0R: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))             # Relative Total Pressure (Pa)
+    T0R: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))
+    
+    # Static Quantities
+    P: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))
+    T: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))
+    T_is: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))
+    rho: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))
+
+    # Related to streamline curvature
+    phi:npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                      # Inclination angle x,r plane. AY td2.f
+    rm: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))                      # Curvature
+    incli_curve_radii: npt.NDArray = field(default_factory=lambda: np.array([0]))       # radius at which curvature was evaluated
+    
+    Yp: float = 0                   # Pressure loss
+    power:float = 0                 # Watts 
+    power_distribution:npt.NDArray  # How power is divided by radius. Example: Equal distribution [0.33 0.33 0.33]. More at Tip [0.2,0.3,0.5]. More at Hub [0.6 0.5 ]
+    P0_P:float = 0                  # Total to Static Pressure Ratio 
+    Power_Type:PowerType
+    euler_power:float = 0
+
+    # Used for loss calculations
+    _blade_to_blade_gap:float = 0.025 # Gap between blade in terms of percent chord.
+    
+    _aspect_ratio:float = 0.9 # 
+    _pitch_to_chord:float = 0.7 # Pitch to chord ratio, used to determine number of blades and compute loss 
+    
+    _axial_chord:float = -1 
+    _chord:float = -1 
+    _stagger:float = 42
+    _te_s:float = 0.08
+    _tip_clearance:float = 0 # Clearance as a percentage of span or blade height
+
+    _inlet_to_outlet_pratio = [0.06,0.7]
+        
+    @property
+    def inlet_to_outlet_pratio(self) -> Tuple[float,float]:
+        """This is what is varied by the optimization. 
+        The range is between [0 and 1] but you should 
+
+        Returns:
+            List[float]: _description_
+        """
+        return self._inlet_to_outlet_pratio
+    
+    @inlet_to_outlet_pratio.setter
+    def inlet_to_outlet_pratio(self,val:Tuple[float,float]=(0.06,0.7)):
+        """Sets the inlet_to_outlet pratio of the blade row 
+
+        Args:
+            val (Tuple[float,float], optional): guess value from [0,1], you should not use 0 or 1 though. Defaults to (0.06,0.7).
+        """
+        self._inlet_to_outlet_pratio = val 
+        
+    @property
+    def blade_to_blade_gap(self) -> float:
+        """Returns the blade to blade gap value 
+
+        Returns:
+            float: _description_
+        """
+        return self._blade_to_blade_gap
+    
+    @blade_to_blade_gap.setter
+    def blade_to_blade_gap(self,val:float):
+        """Sets the blade to blade gap as a percent. This applies to the next row. So (row1) (row2) if (row1) gap is set to 0.25 then (row2) is offset by 0.25*row1.chord
+
+        Args:
+            val (float): percentage of chord to space out the blade 
+        """
+        self._blade_to_blade_gap = val
+
+    @property
+    def aspect_ratio(self):
+        return self._aspect_ratio
+    
+    @aspect_ratio.setter
+    def aspect_ratio(self,val:float):
+        """Sets the aspect ratio
+
+        Aspect ratio is defined as the height/chord not height/(axial chord)
+
+        Args:
+            val (float): new aspect ratio 
+        """
+        self._aspect_ratio = val
+
+    @property
+    def axial_chord(self) -> float:
+        """Returns the mean axial chord defined in the x-direction 
+
+        Returns:
+            float: Axial Chord
+        """
+        
+        return self._axial_chord
+    
+    @axial_chord.setter
+    def axial_chord(self,val:float):
+        self._axial_chord = val
+        
+        
+    @property
+    def pitch_to_chord(self) -> float:
+        """Gets the pitch to chord ratio 
+
+        Returns:
+            float: pitch to chord ratio 
+        """
+        return self._pitch_to_chord
+    
+    @pitch_to_chord.setter
+    def pitch_to_chord(self,val:float):
+        """Set the pitch to chord ratio 
+
+        Args:
+            val (float): new pitch to chord ratio. Typically stators are 0.8 to 0.95. Rotors 0.7 to 0.8 
+        """
+        self._pitch_to_chord = val
+    
+    @property
+    def solidity(self) -> float:
+        """Inverse of pitch to chord ratio
+
+        Returns:
+            float: solidity value
+        """
+        return 1/self._pitch_to_chord 
+    
+    @solidity.setter
+    def solidity(self,val:float):
+        """Inverse of pitch to chord ratio
+
+        Args:
+            val (float): sets the inverse of pitch to chord ratio
+
+        Returns:
+            float: solidity
+        """
+        self._pitch_to_chord = 1/val
+
+    @property
+    def beta1_metal(self) -> npt.NDArray:
+        return np.degrees(self._beta1_metal)
+    
+    @property
+    def beta2_metal(self) -> npt.NDArray:
+        return np.degrees(self._beta2_metal)
+    
+    @property
+    def stagger(self) -> float:
+        """Average stagger angle
+
+        Returns:
+            float: stagger angle
+        """
+        return self._stagger
+    
+    @stagger.setter
+    def stagger(self,val:float):
+        """Set the stagger angle in degrees 
+
+        Args:
+            val (float): stagger angle. Degrees
+        """
+        self._stagger = val
+    
+    @property
+    def chord(self) -> float:
+        """Chord defined at mean radius
+
+        Returns:
+            float: axial chord
+        """
+        return self.axial_chord / np.cos(np.radians(self.stagger))
+    
+    @property
+    def pitch(self) -> float:
+        """Returns the pitch which is the distance from blade to blade
+
+        Returns:
+            float: pitch
+        """
+        return self.pitch_to_chord*self.chord
+    
+    @property
+    def throat(self) -> float:
+        """Throat distance
+
+        Returns:
+            float: throat 
+        """
+        if self.row_type == RowType.Stator:
+            return self.pitch*np.sin(np.pi/2-self.alpha2.mean())
+        else:
+            return self.pitch*np.sin(np.pi/2-self.beta2.mean())
+    
+    @property
+    def num_blades(self) ->float:
+        """returns the number of blades 
+
+        Returns:
+            float: number of blades
+        """
+        return int(2*np.pi*self.r.mean() / self.pitch)
+    
+    @property
+    def camber(self) -> float:
+        """Estimates the camber of the blade using a bezier curve. This is not as accurate because thickness is not defined on suction and pressure sides. 
+
+        Returns:
+            float: camber length
+        """
+        if self.row_type == RowType.Stator:
+            a2d = Airfoil2D(np.degrees(self.alpha1.mean()),
+                        np.degrees(self.alpha2.mean()),
+                        self.axial_chord,
+                        self.stagger)
+        else:
+            a2d = Airfoil2D(np.degrees(self.beta1.mean()),
+                        np.degrees(self.beta2.mean()),
+                        self.axial_chord,
+                        self.stagger)
+        
+        return a2d.camberBezier.get_curve_length()
+    
+    @property
+    def tip_clearance(self):
+        """Tip clearance as a percentage of annulus height
+        """
+        return self._tip_clearance
+    
+    @tip_clearance.setter
+    def tip_clearance(self,val:float):
+        """Sets the tip clearance
+
+        Args:
+            val (float): tip clearance as a percentage of annulus height.
+        """
+        self._tip_clearance = val
+        
+    def __init__(self,axial_location:float,row_type:RowType=RowType.Stator,stage_id:int = 0):
+        """Initializes the blade row to be a particular type
+
+        Args:
+            axial_location (float): Location of the blade row as a percentage of the total axial length
+            row_type (RowType): Specifies the Type. Defaults to RowType.Stator
+            power (float, optional): power . Defaults to 0.
+            P0_P (float, optional): Total to Static Pressure Ratio
+            stage_id (int, optional): ID of the stage so if you have 9 stages, the id could be 9. It's used to separate the stages. Each stage will have it's own unique degree of reaction 
+        """
+        self.row_type = row_type
+        self.axial_location = axial_location 
+        self.Yp = 0 # Loss
+        self.stage_id = stage_id
+    
+    @beta1_metal.setter
+    def beta1_metal(self,beta1_metal:List[float],percent:List[float]=[]):
+        """Sets the leading edge metal angle for the blade
+
+        Args:
+            beta1_metal (List[float]): blade leading edge angle
+            percent (List[float]): percent location of metal angles from hub to shroud.
+        """
+        self._beta1_metal = np.radians(convert_to_ndarray(beta1_metal))
+        if len(percent) != len(beta1_metal):
+            percent = np.linspace(0,1,len(self._beta1_metal)).tolist()
+        self.beta1_metal_radii = convert_to_ndarray(percent)
+        self.beta1_fixed = True
+        self.beta1 = self.beta1_metal.copy()
+        
+    @beta2_metal.setter
+    def beta2_metal(self,beta2_metal:List[float],percent:List[float]=[]):
+        """Sets the trailing edge metal angle for the blade
+
+        Args:
+            beta2_metal (List[float]): Blade exit metal angle
+            percent (List[float]): percent location of metal angles from hub to shroud.
+
+        """
+        self._beta2_metal = np.radians(convert_to_ndarray(beta2_metal))
+        if len(percent) != len(beta2_metal):
+            percent = np.linspace(0,1,len(self._beta2_metal)).tolist()
+        self.beta2_metal_radii = convert_to_ndarray(percent)
+        self.beta2_fixed = True
+        self.beta2 = self._beta2_metal.copy()
+        
+        if self.row_type == RowType.Stator:
+            self.alpha2 = self._beta2_metal.copy()
+        
+    @property
+    def rpm(self):
+        return self._rpm 
+    
+    @rpm.setter
+    def rpm(self,val:float):
+        self._rpm = val
+        self.omega = self._rpm * np.pi/30 # rev/min * 2pi rads/1 rev * 1 min/60 sec
+    
+    @property
+    def coolant(self):
+        return self._coolant
+    
+    @coolant.setter
+    def coolant(self,coolant:Coolant):
+        """Add a coolant to the end of the blade row
+
+        Args:
+            coolant (Coolant): Coolant
+        """
+        self._coolant = coolant
+    
+    @property    
+    def loss_model(self):
+        return self.loss_function
+    
+    @loss_model.setter
+    def loss_model(self, model:Callable[[Any], Any]):
+        """Add in custom loss model
+
+        Args:
+            model (function): custom loss function. Input will be of the format blade row
+
+        Example:
+        
+        def mylossfunction(row:BladeRow) -> float
+            code to do something with machine learning
+            return pressure loss
+        """
+        self.loss_function = model
+    
+    @property
+    def te_pitch(self):
+        """Trailing edge to pitch ratio 
+
+        Returns:
+            float: trailing edge to pitch ratio
+        """
+        return self._te_s
+    
+    @te_pitch.setter
+    def te_pitch(self,val:float):
+        """Set the trailing edge to pitch ratio. Typical values from 0.02 to 0.12
+
+        Args:
+            val (float): new trailing edge to pitch ratio
+        """
+        self._te_s = val
+        
+    def to_dict(self):
+        
+        data = {
+            "StageID":self.stage_id,
+            "RowType":self.row_type.name,
+            "R":self.R,
+            "gamma":self.gamma,
+            "Cp":self.Cp,
+            "Cv":self.Cv,
+            "P0_P":self.P0_P,
+            "rp":self.rp,
+            "total_massflow":self.total_massflow,
+            "massflow":self.massflow.tolist(),
+            "calculated_massflow":self.calculated_massflow,
+            "alpha1":np.degrees(self.alpha1).tolist(),
+            "alpha2":np.degrees(self.alpha2).tolist(),
+            "beta1":np.degrees(self.beta1).tolist(),
+            "beta2":np.degrees(self.beta2).tolist(),
+            "beta1_metal":np.degrees(self._beta1_metal).tolist(),
+            "beta2_metal":np.degrees(self._beta2_metal).tolist(),
+            "Vm":self.Vm.tolist(),
+            "Vx":self.Vx.tolist(),
+            "Vr":self.Vr.tolist(),
+            "Vt":self.Vt.tolist(),
+            "V":self.V.tolist(),
+            "M":self.M.tolist(),
+            "M_rel":self.M_rel.tolist(),
+            "U":self.U.tolist(),
+            "W":self.W.tolist(),
+            "Wt":self.Wt.tolist(),
+            "omega":self.omega,
+            "P0":self.P0.tolist(),
+            "T0":self.T0.tolist(),
+            "P0R":self.P0R.tolist(),
+            "T0R":self.T0R.tolist(),
+            "P":self.P.tolist(),
+            "T":self.T.tolist(),
+            "rho":self.rho.tolist(),
+            "Yp":self.Yp,
+            "Power":self.power,
+            "P0_P": self.P0_P,
+            "eta_total":self.eta_total,
+            "eta_static":self.eta_static,
+            "euler_power":self.euler_power,
+            "axial_chord":self.axial_chord,
+            "aspect_ratio":self.aspect_ratio,
+            "area": self.area
+        }
+
+        return data
+
+#* Some functions related to blade row 
+def interpolate_streamline_radii(row:BladeRow,passage:Passage,num_streamlines:int=3):
+    """Interpolate all quantities onto the streamline and allocates variables. 
+    Run this after setting some initial conditions 
+
+    Args:
+        r_streamline (npt.NDArray): Radii describing the streamline 
+        passage (Passage): Passage object describing the geometry of the hub and shroud
+        num_streamlines (int): number of streamlines to consider
+
+    Returns:
+        (BladeRow): new row object with quantities interpolated
+    """
+    row.cutting_line,_,_ = passage.get_cutting_line(row.axial_location)
+    row.x,row.r = row.cutting_line.get_point(np.linspace(0,1,num_streamlines))
+    streamline_percent_length = np.sqrt((row.r-row.r[0])**2+(row.x-row.x[0])**2)/row.cutting_line.length
+    
+    # Flow angles 
+    row._beta1_metal = row._beta1_metal.default_factory() if type(row._beta1_metal) == Field else row._beta1_metal
+
+    if row.row_type==RowType.Stator:
+        assert type(row._beta2_metal)!=Field,"Stator exit Flow angle must be set"
+
+    row._beta1_metal = interpolate_quantities(row._beta1_metal,row.beta1_metal_radii,streamline_percent_length)
+    row._beta2_metal = interpolate_quantities(row._beta2_metal,row.beta2_metal_radii,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.beta1_metal_radii = streamline_percent_length
+    row.beta2_metal_radii = streamline_percent_length
+    
+    if type(row.percent_hub_shroud) == Field: 
+        row.percent_hub_shroud = streamline_percent_length
+    else:
+        row.percent_hub_shroud = streamline_percent_length # Reset the radii to streamline radii
+
+    row.alpha1 = interpolate_quantities(row.alpha1,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.alpha2 = interpolate_quantities(row.alpha2,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.beta1 = interpolate_quantities(row.beta1,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.beta2 = interpolate_quantities(row.beta2,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    
+    # Velocities 
+    row.Vm = interpolate_quantities(row.Vm, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.Vx = interpolate_quantities(row.Vx, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.Vt = interpolate_quantities(row.Vt, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.Vr = interpolate_quantities(row.Vr, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.V = interpolate_quantities(row.V, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.V2 = interpolate_quantities(row.V2, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.M = interpolate_quantities(row.M, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.M_rel = interpolate_quantities(row.M_rel, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.U = interpolate_quantities(row.U, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.W = interpolate_quantities(row.W, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+    row.Wt = interpolate_quantities(row.Wt, row.percent_hub_shroud, streamline_percent_length)
+
+    # Total Quantities
+    row.T0 = interpolate_quantities(row.T0,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.T0_is = interpolate_quantities(row.T0,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.P0 = interpolate_quantities(row.P0,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.P0_stator_inlet = interpolate_quantities(row.P0_stator_inlet,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    
+    # Relative Quantities
+    row.P0R = interpolate_quantities(row.P0R,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.T0R = interpolate_quantities(row.T0R,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+
+    # Static Quantities 
+    row.P = interpolate_quantities(row.P,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.T = interpolate_quantities(row.T,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.T_is = interpolate_quantities(row.T_is,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+    row.rho = interpolate_quantities(row.rho,row.percent_hub_shroud,streamline_percent_length)
+
+    if row.row_type == RowType.Inlet:
+        row.P0_fun = interp1d(row.percent_hub_shroud,row.P0) 
+        row.T0_fun = interp1d(row.percent_hub_shroud,row.T0) 
+    elif row.row_type == RowType.Outlet:
+        row.P_fun = interp1d(row.percent_hub_shroud,row.P) 
+
+    return row
+
+
+def sutherland(T:Union[float,npt.NDArray]) -> Union[float,npt.NDArray]:    
+    """Sutherland viscosity calculation used for reynolds number 
+
+    Args:
+        T (float): Temperature in Kelvin
+
+    Returns:
+        float: Dynamic Viscosity (mu) in Pa*s
+    """
+    S = 110.4
+    C1 = 1.458E-6
+    return C1*T**1.5 / (T+S)
+
+def interpolate_quantities(q:npt.NDArray,r:npt.NDArray,r2:npt.NDArray):
+    """Interpolates array q
+
+    Args:
+        q (npt.NDArray): quantities defined at radius r 
+        r (npt.NDArray): radius where quantities `q` are defined
+        r2 (npt.NDArray): new radius to interpolate the quantities to e.g. streamline radius
+
+    Returns:
+        npt.NDArray: quantities interpolated onto r2
+    """
+    if (type(q) == Field):
+        q = q.default_factory()
+    if (type(r) == Field):
+        r = r.default_factory()
+    if len(q)==1:
+        q2 = np.zeros(shape=r2.shape)
+        return q[0]+q2
+    else:
+        return interp1d(r,q,kind='linear')(r2)
+    
+def compute_gas_constants(row:BladeRow):
+    """Calculates all the gas constants for a row. 
+        This should be done if T or P change 
+    """
+    Tm = row.T.mean()
+    Pm = row.P.mean()
+    row.fluid.TP = Tm,Pm
+    row.Cp = row.fluid.cp
+    row.Cv = row.fluid.cv
+    row.R = row.Cp-row.Cv
+    row.gamma = row.Cp/row.Cv
+    row.mu = sutherland(Tm) # type: ignore
+    row.rho[:] = row.fluid.density
+    # i = 0 
+    # for T,P in zip(row.T,row.P):
+    #     row.rho[i] = P/(T*row.R)
+    #     i+=1
+    return row

turbodesign/cantera_gas/co2.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+description: |-
+  CO2 phases based on the equation of state
+
+units: {length: cm, time: s, quantity: mol, activation-energy: cal/mol}
+
+phases:
+- name: CO2-Ideal
+  thermo: ideal-gas
+  elements: [O, C]
+  species: [CO2]
+  kinetics: none
+  state: {T: 300.0, P: 1 atm}
+
+- name: CO2-RK
+  thermo: Redlich-Kwong
+  elements: [O, C]
+  species: [CO2]
+  kinetics: none
+  state: {T: 300.0, P: 1 atm}
+
+species:
+- name: CO2
+  composition: {C: 1, O: 2}
+  thermo:
+    model: NASA7
+    temperature-ranges: [200.0, 1000.0, 3500.0]
+    data:
+    - [2.35677352, 0.00898459677, -7.12356269e-06, 2.45919022e-09, -1.43699548e-13,
+      -48371.9697, 9.90105222]
+    - [3.85746029, 0.00441437026, -2.21481404e-06, 5.23490188e-10, -4.72084164e-14,
+      -48759.166, 2.27163806]
+  equation-of-state:
+    model: Redlich-Kwong
+    units: {length: cm, pressure: bar, quantity: mol}
+    a: [7.54e7, -4.13e4]
+    b: 27.80