tsam 2.2.2__py3-none-any.whl → 2.3.2__py3-none-any.whl

tsam/timeseriesaggregation.py

@@ -1,1309 +1,1343 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-
-import copy
-import time
-import warnings
-
-import pandas as pd
-import numpy as np
-
-from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error
-from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import euclidean_distances
-from sklearn import preprocessing
-
-from tsam.periodAggregation import aggregatePeriods
-from tsam.representations import representations
-
-pd.set_option("mode.chained_assignment", None)
-
-# max iterator while resacling cluster profiles
-MAX_ITERATOR = 20
-
-# tolerance while rescaling cluster periods to meet the annual sum of the original profile
-TOLERANCE = 1e-6
-
-
-# minimal weight that overwrites a weighting of zero in order to carry the profile through the aggregation process
-MIN_WEIGHT = 1e-6
-
-
-def unstackToPeriods(timeSeries, timeStepsPerPeriod):
-    """
-    Extend the timeseries to an integer multiple of the period length and
-    groups the time series to the periods.
-
-    :param timeSeries:
-    :type timeSeries: pandas DataFrame
-
-    :param timeStepsPerPeriod: The number of discrete timesteps which describe one period. required
-    :type timeStepsPerPeriod: integer
-
-    :returns: - **unstackedTimeSeries** (pandas DataFrame) -- is stacked such that each row represents a
-                candidate period
-              - **timeIndex** (pandas Series index) -- is the modification of the original
-                timeseriesindex in case an integer multiple was created
-    """
-    # init new grouped timeindex
-    unstackedTimeSeries = timeSeries.copy()
-
-    # initialize new indices
-    periodIndex = []
-    stepIndex = []
-
-    # extend to inger multiple of period length
-    if len(timeSeries) % timeStepsPerPeriod == 0:
-        attached_timesteps = 0
-    else:
-        # calculate number of timesteps which get attached
-        attached_timesteps = timeStepsPerPeriod - len(timeSeries) % timeStepsPerPeriod
-
-        # take these from the head of the original time series
-        rep_data = unstackedTimeSeries.head(attached_timesteps)
-
-        # append them at the end of the time series
-        unstackedTimeSeries = unstackedTimeSeries.append(rep_data, ignore_index=False)
-
-    # create period and step index
-    for ii in range(0, len(unstackedTimeSeries)):
-        periodIndex.append(int(ii / timeStepsPerPeriod))
-        stepIndex.append(ii - int(ii / timeStepsPerPeriod) * timeStepsPerPeriod)
-
-    # save old index
-    timeIndex = copy.deepcopy(unstackedTimeSeries.index)
-
-    # create new double index and unstack the time series
-    unstackedTimeSeries.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(
-        [stepIndex, periodIndex], names=["TimeStep", "PeriodNum"]
-    )
-    unstackedTimeSeries = unstackedTimeSeries.unstack(level="TimeStep")
-
-    return unstackedTimeSeries, timeIndex
-
-
-
-class TimeSeriesAggregation(object):
-    """
-    Clusters time series data to typical periods.
-    """
-
-    CLUSTER_METHODS = [
-        "averaging",
-        "k_means",
-        "k_medoids",
-        "k_maxoids",
-        "hierarchical",
-        "adjacent_periods",
-    ]
-
-    REPRESENTATION_METHODS = [
-        "meanRepresentation",
-        "medoidRepresentation",
-        "maxoidRepresentation",
-        "minmaxmeanRepresentation",
-        "durationRepresentation",
-        "distributionRepresentation",
-        "distributionAndMinMaxRepresentation",
-    ]
-
-    EXTREME_PERIOD_METHODS = [
-        "None",
-        "append",
-        "new_cluster_center",
-        "replace_cluster_center",
-    ]
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        timeSeries,
-        resolution=None,
-        noTypicalPeriods=10,
-        noSegments=10,
-        hoursPerPeriod=24,
-        clusterMethod="hierarchical",
-        evalSumPeriods=False,
-        sortValues=False,
-        sameMean=False,
-        rescaleClusterPeriods=True,
-        weightDict=None,
-        segmentation=False,
-        extremePeriodMethod="None",
-        representationMethod=None,
-        representationDict=None,
-        distributionPeriodWise=True,
-        predefClusterOrder=None,
-        predefClusterCenterIndices=None,
-        solver="highs",
-        roundOutput=None,
-        addPeakMin=None,
-        addPeakMax=None,
-        addMeanMin=None,
-        addMeanMax=None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Initialize the periodly clusters.
-
-        :param timeSeries: DataFrame with the datetime as index and the relevant
-            time series parameters as columns. required
-        :type timeSeries: pandas.DataFrame() or dict
-
-        :param resolution: Resolution of the time series in hours [h]. If timeSeries is a
-            pandas.DataFrame() the resolution is derived from the datetime
-            index. optional, default: delta_T in timeSeries
-        :type resolution: float
-
-        :param hoursPerPeriod: Value which defines the length of a cluster period. optional, default: 24
-        :type hoursPerPeriod: integer
-
-        :param noTypicalPeriods: Number of typical Periods - equivalent to the number of clusters. optional, default: 10
-        :type noTypicalPeriods: integer
-
-        :param noSegments: Number of segments in which the typical periods shoul be subdivided - equivalent to the
-            number of inner-period clusters. optional, default: 10
-        :type noSegments: integer
-
-        :param clusterMethod: Chosen clustering method. optional, default: 'hierarchical'
-            |br| Options are:
-
-            * 'averaging'
-            * 'k_means'
-            * 'k_medoids'
-            * 'k_maxoids'
-            * 'hierarchical'
-            * 'adjacent_periods'
-        :type clusterMethod: string
-
-        :param evalSumPeriods: Boolean if in the clustering process also the averaged periodly values
-            shall be integrated additional to the periodly profiles as parameters. optional, default: False
-        :type evalSumPeriods: boolean
-
-        :param sameMean: Boolean which is used in the normalization procedure. If true, all time series get normalized
-            such that they have the same mean value. optional, default: False
-        :type sameMean: boolean
-
-        :param sortValues: Boolean if the clustering should be done by the periodly duration
-            curves (true) or the original shape of the data. optional (default: False)
-        :type sortValues: boolean
-
-        :param rescaleClusterPeriods: Decides if the cluster Periods shall get rescaled such that their
-            weighted mean value fits the mean value of the original time series. optional (default: True)
-        :type rescaleClusterPeriods: boolean
-
-        :param weightDict: Dictionary which weights the profiles. It is done by scaling
-            the time series while the normalization process. Normally all time
-            series have a scale from 0 to 1. By scaling them, the values get
-            different distances to each other and with this, they are
-            differently evaluated while the clustering process. optional (default: None )
-        :type weightDict: dict
-
-        :param extremePeriodMethod: Method how to integrate extreme Periods (peak demand, lowest temperature etc.)
-            into to the typical period profiles. optional, default: 'None'
-            |br| Options are:
-
-            * None: No integration at all.
-            * 'append': append typical Periods to cluster centers
-            * 'new_cluster_center': add the extreme period as additional cluster center. It is checked then for all
-              Periods if they fit better to the this new center or their original cluster center.
-            * 'replace_cluster_center': replaces the cluster center of the
-              cluster where the extreme period belongs to with the periodly profile of the extreme period. (Worst
-              case system design)
-        :type extremePeriodMethod: string
-
-        :param representationMethod: Chosen representation. If specified, the clusters are represented in the chosen
-            way. Otherwise, each clusterMethod has its own commonly used default representation method.
-            |br| Options are:
-
-            * 'meanRepresentation' (default of 'averaging' and 'k_means')
-            * 'medoidRepresentation' (default of 'k_medoids', 'hierarchical' and 'adjacent_periods')
-            * 'minmaxmeanRepresentation'
-            * 'durationRepresentation'/ 'distributionRepresentation'
-            * 'distribtionAndMinMaxRepresentation'
-        :type representationMethod: string
-
-        :param representationDict: Dictionary which states for each attribute whether the profiles in each cluster
-            should be represented by the minimum value or maximum value of each time step. This enables estimations
-            to the safe side. This dictionary is needed when 'minmaxmeanRepresentation' is chosen. If not specified, the
-            dictionary is set to containing 'mean' values only.
-        :type representationDict: dict
-
-        :param distributionPeriodWise: If durationRepresentation is chosen, you can choose whether the distribution of
-            each cluster should be separately preserved or that of the original time series only (default: True)
-        :type distributionPeriodWise:
-
-        :param predefClusterOrder: Instead of aggregating a time series, a predefined grouping is taken
-            which is given by this list. optional (default: None)
-        :type predefClusterOrder: list or array
-
-        :param predefClusterCenterIndices: If predefClusterOrder is give, this list can define the representative
-            cluster candidates. Otherwise the medoid is taken. optional (default: None)
-        :type predefClusterCenterIndices: list or array
-
-        :param solver: Solver that is used for k_medoids clustering. optional (default: 'cbc' )
-        :type solver: string
-
-        :param roundOutput: Decimals to what the output time series get round. optional (default: None )
-        :type roundOutput: integer
-
-        :param addPeakMin: List of column names which's minimal value shall be added to the
-            typical periods. E.g.: ['Temperature']. optional, default: []
-        :type addPeakMin: list
-
-        :param addPeakMax: List of column names which's maximal value shall be added to the
-            typical periods. E.g. ['EDemand', 'HDemand']. optional, default: []
-        :type addPeakMax: list
-
-        :param addMeanMin: List of column names where the period with the cumulative minimal value
-            shall be added to the typical periods. E.g. ['Photovoltaic']. optional, default: []
-        :type addMeanMin: list
-
-        :param addMeanMax: List of column names where the period with the cumulative maximal value
-            shall be added to the typical periods. optional, default: []
-        :type addMeanMax: list
-        """
-        if addMeanMin is None:
-            addMeanMin = []
-        if addMeanMax is None:
-            addMeanMax = []
-        if addPeakMax is None:
-            addPeakMax = []
-        if addPeakMin is None:
-            addPeakMin = []
-        if weightDict is None:
-            weightDict = {}
-        self.timeSeries = timeSeries
-
-        self.resolution = resolution
-
-        self.hoursPerPeriod = hoursPerPeriod
-
-        self.noTypicalPeriods = noTypicalPeriods
-
-        self.noSegments = noSegments
-
-        self.clusterMethod = clusterMethod
-
-        self.extremePeriodMethod = extremePeriodMethod
-
-        self.evalSumPeriods = evalSumPeriods
-
-        self.sortValues = sortValues
-
-        self.sameMean = sameMean
-
-        self.rescaleClusterPeriods = rescaleClusterPeriods
-
-        self.weightDict = weightDict
-
-        self.representationMethod = representationMethod
-
-        self.representationDict = representationDict
-
-        self.distributionPeriodWise = distributionPeriodWise
-
-        self.predefClusterOrder = predefClusterOrder
-
-        self.predefClusterCenterIndices = predefClusterCenterIndices
-
-        self.solver = solver
-
-        self.segmentation = segmentation
-
-        self.roundOutput = roundOutput
-
-        self.addPeakMin = addPeakMin
-
-        self.addPeakMax = addPeakMax
-
-        self.addMeanMin = addMeanMin
-
-        self.addMeanMax = addMeanMax
-
-        self._check_init_args()
-
-        # internal attributes
-        self._normalizedMean = None
-
-        return
-
-    def _check_init_args(self):
-
-        # check timeSeries and set it as pandas DataFrame
-        if not isinstance(self.timeSeries, pd.DataFrame):
-            if isinstance(self.timeSeries, dict):
-                self.timeSeries = pd.DataFrame(self.timeSeries)
-            elif isinstance(self.timeSeries, np.ndarray):
-                self.timeSeries = pd.DataFrame(self.timeSeries)
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "timeSeries has to be of type pandas.DataFrame() "
-                    + "or of type np.array() "
-                    "in initialization of object of class " + type(self).__name__
-                )
-
-        # check if extreme periods exist in the dataframe
-        for peak in self.addPeakMin:
-            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    peak
-                    + ' listed in "addPeakMin"'
-                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
-                )
-        for peak in self.addPeakMax:
-            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    peak
-                    + ' listed in "addPeakMax"'
-                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
-                )
-        for peak in self.addMeanMin:
-            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    peak
-                    + ' listed in "addMeanMin"'
-                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
-                )
-        for peak in self.addMeanMax:
-            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    peak
-                    + ' listed in "addMeanMax"'
-                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
-                )
-
-        # derive resolution from date time index if not provided
-        if self.resolution is None:
-            try:
-                timedelta = self.timeSeries.index[1] - self.timeSeries.index[0]
-                self.resolution = float(timedelta.total_seconds()) / 3600
-            except AttributeError:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    "'resolution' argument has to be nonnegative float or int"
-                    + " or the given timeseries needs a datetime index"
-                )
-            except TypeError:
-                try:
-                    self.timeSeries.index = pd.to_datetime(self.timeSeries.index)
-                    timedelta = self.timeSeries.index[1] - self.timeSeries.index[0]
-                    self.resolution = float(timedelta.total_seconds()) / 3600
-                except:
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "'resolution' argument has to be nonnegative float or int"
-                        + " or the given timeseries needs a datetime index"
-                    )
-
-        if not (isinstance(self.resolution, int) or isinstance(self.resolution, float)):
-            raise ValueError("resolution has to be nonnegative float or int")
-
-        # check hoursPerPeriod
-        if self.hoursPerPeriod is None or self.hoursPerPeriod <= 0:
-            raise ValueError("hoursPerPeriod has to be nonnegative float or int")
-
-        # check typical Periods
-        if (
-            self.noTypicalPeriods is None
-            or self.noTypicalPeriods <= 0
-            or not isinstance(self.noTypicalPeriods, int)
-        ):
-            raise ValueError("noTypicalPeriods has to be nonnegative integer")
-        self.timeStepsPerPeriod = int(self.hoursPerPeriod / self.resolution)
-        if not self.timeStepsPerPeriod == self.hoursPerPeriod / self.resolution:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "The combination of hoursPerPeriod and the "
-                + "resulution does not result in an integer "
-                + "number of time steps per period"
-            )
-        if self.segmentation:
-            if self.noSegments > self.timeStepsPerPeriod:
-                warnings.warn(
-                    "The number of segments must be less than or equal to the number of time steps per period. "
-                    "Segment number is decreased to number of time steps per period."
-                )
-                self.noSegments = self.timeStepsPerPeriod
-
-        # check clusterMethod
-        if self.clusterMethod not in self.CLUSTER_METHODS:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "clusterMethod needs to be one of "
-                + "the following: "
-                + "{}".format(self.CLUSTER_METHODS)
-            )
-
-        # check representationMethod
-        if (
-            self.representationMethod is not None
-            and self.representationMethod not in self.REPRESENTATION_METHODS
-        ):
-            raise ValueError(
-                "If specified, representationMethod needs to be one of "
-                + "the following: "
-                + "{}".format(self.REPRESENTATION_METHODS)
-            )
-
-        # if representationDict None, represent by maximum time steps in each cluster
-        if self.representationDict is None:
-            self.representationDict = {i: "mean" for i in list(self.timeSeries.columns)}
-        # sort representationDict alphabetically to make sure that the min, max or mean function is applied to the right
-        # column
-        self.representationDict = (
-            pd.Series(self.representationDict).sort_index(axis=0).to_dict()
-        )
-
-        # check extremePeriods
-        if self.extremePeriodMethod not in self.EXTREME_PERIOD_METHODS:
-            raise ValueError(
-                "extremePeriodMethod needs to be one of "
-                + "the following: "
-                + "{}".format(self.EXTREME_PERIOD_METHODS)
-            )
-
-        # check evalSumPeriods
-        if not isinstance(self.evalSumPeriods, bool):
-            raise ValueError("evalSumPeriods has to be boolean")
-        # check sortValues
-        if not isinstance(self.sortValues, bool):
-            raise ValueError("sortValues has to be boolean")
-        # check sameMean
-        if not isinstance(self.sameMean, bool):
-            raise ValueError("sameMean has to be boolean")
-        # check rescaleClusterPeriods
-        if not isinstance(self.rescaleClusterPeriods, bool):
-            raise ValueError("rescaleClusterPeriods has to be boolean")
-
-        # check predefClusterOrder
-        if self.predefClusterOrder is not None:
-            if not isinstance(self.predefClusterOrder, (list, np.ndarray)):
-                raise ValueError("predefClusterOrder has to be an array or list")
-            if self.predefClusterCenterIndices is not None:
-                # check predefClusterCenterIndices
-                if not isinstance(self.predefClusterCenterIndices, (list, np.ndarray)):
-                    raise ValueError(
-                        "predefClusterCenterIndices has to be an array or list"
-                    )
-        elif self.predefClusterCenterIndices is not None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                'If "predefClusterCenterIndices" is defined, "predefClusterOrder" needs to be defined as well'
-            )
-
-        return
-
-    def _normalizeTimeSeries(self, sameMean=False):
-        """
-        Normalizes each time series independently.
-
-        :param sameMean: Decides if the time series should have all the same mean value.
-            Relevant for weighting time series. optional (default: False)
-        :type sameMean: boolean
-
-        :returns: normalized time series
-        """
-        min_max_scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler()
-        normalizedTimeSeries = pd.DataFrame(
-            min_max_scaler.fit_transform(self.timeSeries),
-            columns=self.timeSeries.columns,
-            index=self.timeSeries.index,
-        )
-
-        self._normalizedMean = normalizedTimeSeries.mean()
-        if sameMean:
-            normalizedTimeSeries /= self._normalizedMean
-
-        return normalizedTimeSeries
-
-    def _unnormalizeTimeSeries(self, normalizedTimeSeries, sameMean=False):
-        """
-        Equivalent to '_normalizeTimeSeries'. Just does the back
-        transformation.
-
-        :param normalizedTimeSeries: Time series which should get back transformated. required
-        :type normalizedTimeSeries: pandas.DataFrame()
-
-        :param sameMean: Has to have the same value as in _normalizeTimeSeries. optional (default: False)
-        :type sameMean: boolean
-
-        :returns: unnormalized time series
-        """
-        from sklearn import preprocessing
-
-        min_max_scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler()
-        min_max_scaler.fit(self.timeSeries)
-
-        if sameMean:
-            normalizedTimeSeries *= self._normalizedMean
-
-        unnormalizedTimeSeries = pd.DataFrame(
-            min_max_scaler.inverse_transform(normalizedTimeSeries),
-            columns=normalizedTimeSeries.columns,
-            index=normalizedTimeSeries.index,
-        )
-
-        return unnormalizedTimeSeries
-
-    def _preProcessTimeSeries(self):
-        """
-        Normalize the time series, weight them based on the weight dict and
-        puts them into the correct matrix format.
-        """
-        # first sort the time series in order to avoid bug mention in #18
-        self.timeSeries.sort_index(axis=1, inplace=True)
-
-        # convert the dataframe to floats
-        self.timeSeries = self.timeSeries.astype(float)
-
-        # normalize the time series and group them to periodly profiles
-        self.normalizedTimeSeries = self._normalizeTimeSeries(sameMean=self.sameMean)
-
-        for column in self.weightDict:
-            if self.weightDict[column] < MIN_WEIGHT:
-                print(
-                    'weight of "'
-                    + str(column)
-                    + '" set to the minmal tolerable weighting'
-                )
-                self.weightDict[column] = MIN_WEIGHT
-            self.normalizedTimeSeries[column] = (
-                self.normalizedTimeSeries[column] * self.weightDict[column]
-            )
-
-        self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles, self.timeIndex = unstackToPeriods(
-            self.normalizedTimeSeries, self.timeStepsPerPeriod
-        )
-
-        # check if no NaN is in the resulting profiles
-        if self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.isnull().values.any():
-            raise ValueError(
-                "Pre processed data includes NaN. Please check the timeSeries input data."
-            )
-
-    def _postProcessTimeSeries(self, normalizedTimeSeries, applyWeighting=True):
-        """
-        Neutralizes the weighting the time series back and unnormalizes them.
-        """
-        if applyWeighting:
-            for column in self.weightDict:
-                normalizedTimeSeries[column] = (
-                    normalizedTimeSeries[column] / self.weightDict[column]
-                )
-
-        unnormalizedTimeSeries = self._unnormalizeTimeSeries(
-            normalizedTimeSeries, sameMean=self.sameMean
-        )
-
-        if self.roundOutput is not None:
-            unnormalizedTimeSeries = unnormalizedTimeSeries.round(
-                decimals=self.roundOutput
-            )
-
-        return unnormalizedTimeSeries
-
-    def _addExtremePeriods(
-        self,
-        groupedSeries,
-        clusterCenters,
-        clusterOrder,
-        extremePeriodMethod="new_cluster_center",
-        addPeakMin=None,
-        addPeakMax=None,
-        addMeanMin=None,
-        addMeanMax=None,
-    ):
-        """
-        Adds different extreme periods based on the to the clustered data,
-        decribed by the clusterCenters and clusterOrder.
-
-        :param groupedSeries: periodly grouped groupedSeries on which basis it should be decided,
-            which period is an extreme period. required
-        :type groupedSeries: pandas.DataFrame()
-
-        :param clusterCenters: Output from clustering with sklearn. required
-        :type clusterCenters: dict
-
-        :param clusterOrder: Output from clsutering with sklearn. required
-        :type clusterOrder: dict
-
-        :param extremePeriodMethod: Chosen extremePeriodMethod. The method. optional(default: 'new_cluster_center' )
-        :type extremePeriodMethod: string
-
-        :returns: - **newClusterCenters** -- The new cluster centers extended with the extreme periods.
-                  - **newClusterOrder** -- The new cluster order including the extreme periods.
-                  - **extremeClusterIdx** -- A list of indices where in the newClusterCenters are the extreme
-                    periods located.
-        """
-
-        # init required dicts and lists
-        self.extremePeriods = {}
-        extremePeriodNo = []
-
-        ccList = [center.tolist() for center in clusterCenters]
-
-        # check which extreme periods exist in the profile and add them to
-        # self.extremePeriods dict
-        for column in self.timeSeries.columns:
-
-            if column in addPeakMax:
-                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].max(axis=1).idxmax()
-                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods
-                # if it is not already a cluster center
-                if (
-                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
-                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
-                ):
-                    max_col = self._append_col_with(column, " max.")
-                    self.extremePeriods[max_col] = {
-                        "stepNo": stepNo,
-                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
-                        "column": column,
-                    }
-                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
-
-            if column in addPeakMin:
-                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].min(axis=1).idxmin()
-                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods
-                # if it is not already a cluster center
-                if (
-                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
-                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
-                ):
-                    min_col = self._append_col_with(column, " min.")
-                    self.extremePeriods[min_col] = {
-                        "stepNo": stepNo,
-                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
-                        "column": column,
-                    }
-                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
-
-            if column in addMeanMax:
-                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].mean(axis=1).idxmax()
-                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods
-                # if it is not already a cluster center
-                if (
-                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
-                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
-                ):
-                    mean_max_col = self._append_col_with(column, " daily max.")
-                    self.extremePeriods[mean_max_col] = {
-                        "stepNo": stepNo,
-                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
-                        "column": column,
-                    }
-                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
-
-            if column in addMeanMin:
-                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].mean(axis=1).idxmin()
-                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods and
-                # if it is not already a cluster center
-                if (
-                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
-                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
-                ):
-                    mean_min_col = self._append_col_with(column, " daily min.")
-                    self.extremePeriods[mean_min_col] = {
-                        "stepNo": stepNo,
-                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
-                        "column": column,
-                    }
-                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
-
-        for periodType in self.extremePeriods:
-            # get current related clusters of extreme periods
-            self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"] = clusterOrder[
-                self.extremePeriods[periodType]["stepNo"]
-            ]
-
-            # init new cluster structure
-        newClusterCenters = []
-        newClusterOrder = clusterOrder
-        extremeClusterIdx = []
-
-        # integrate extreme periods to clusters
-        if extremePeriodMethod == "append":
-            # attach extreme periods to cluster centers
-            for i, cluster_center in enumerate(clusterCenters):
-                newClusterCenters.append(cluster_center)
-            for i, periodType in enumerate(self.extremePeriods):
-                extremeClusterIdx.append(len(newClusterCenters))
-                newClusterCenters.append(self.extremePeriods[periodType]["profile"])
-                newClusterOrder[self.extremePeriods[periodType]["stepNo"]] = i + len(
-                    clusterCenters
-                )
-
-        elif extremePeriodMethod == "new_cluster_center":
-            for i, cluster_center in enumerate(clusterCenters):
-                newClusterCenters.append(cluster_center)
-            # attach extrem periods to cluster centers and consider for all periods
-            # if the fit better to the cluster or the extrem period
-            for i, periodType in enumerate(self.extremePeriods):
-                extremeClusterIdx.append(len(newClusterCenters))
-                newClusterCenters.append(self.extremePeriods[periodType]["profile"])
-                self.extremePeriods[periodType]["newClusterNo"] = i + len(
-                    clusterCenters
-                )
-
-            for i, cPeriod in enumerate(newClusterOrder):
-                # caclulate euclidean distance to cluster center
-                cluster_dist = sum(
-                    (groupedSeries.iloc[i].values - clusterCenters[cPeriod]) ** 2
-                )
-                for ii, extremPeriodType in enumerate(self.extremePeriods):
-                    # exclude other extreme periods from adding to the new
-                    # cluster center
-                    isOtherExtreme = False
-                    for otherExPeriod in self.extremePeriods:
-                        if (
-                            i == self.extremePeriods[otherExPeriod]["stepNo"]
-                            and otherExPeriod != extremPeriodType
-                        ):
-                            isOtherExtreme = True
-                    # calculate distance to extreme periods
-                    extperiod_dist = sum(
-                        (
-                            groupedSeries.iloc[i].values
-                            - self.extremePeriods[extremPeriodType]["profile"]
-                        )
-                        ** 2
-                    )
-                    # choose new cluster relation
-                    if extperiod_dist < cluster_dist and not isOtherExtreme:
-                        newClusterOrder[i] = self.extremePeriods[extremPeriodType][
-                            "newClusterNo"
-                        ]
-
-        elif extremePeriodMethod == "replace_cluster_center":
-            # Worst Case Clusterperiods
-            newClusterCenters = clusterCenters
-            for periodType in self.extremePeriods:
-                index = groupedSeries.columns.get_loc(
-                    self.extremePeriods[periodType]["column"]
-                )
-                newClusterCenters[self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"]][
-                    index
-                ] = self.extremePeriods[periodType]["profile"][index]
-                if (
-                    not self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"]
-                    in extremeClusterIdx
-                ):
-                    extremeClusterIdx.append(
-                        self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"]
-                    )
-
-        return newClusterCenters, newClusterOrder, extremeClusterIdx
-
-    def _append_col_with(self, column, append_with=" max."):
-        """Appends a string to the column name. For MultiIndexes, which turn out to be
-        tuples when this method is called, only last level is changed"""
-        if isinstance(column, str):
-            return column + append_with
-        elif isinstance(column, tuple):
-            col = list(column)
-            col[-1] = col[-1] + append_with
-            return tuple(col)
-
-    def _rescaleClusterPeriods(self, clusterOrder, clusterPeriods, extremeClusterIdx):
-        """
-        Rescale the values of the clustered Periods such that mean of each time
-        series in the typical Periods fits the mean value of the original time
-        series, without changing the values of the extremePeriods.
-        """
-        weightingVec = pd.Series(self._clusterPeriodNoOccur).values
-        typicalPeriods = pd.DataFrame(
-            clusterPeriods, columns=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.columns
-        )
-        idx_wo_peak = np.delete(typicalPeriods.index, extremeClusterIdx)
-        for column in self.timeSeries.columns:
-            diff = 1
-            sum_raw = self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles[column].sum().sum()
-            sum_peak = sum(
-                weightingVec[extremeClusterIdx]
-                * typicalPeriods[column].loc[extremeClusterIdx, :].sum(axis=1)
-            )
-            sum_clu_wo_peak = sum(
-                weightingVec[idx_wo_peak]
-                * typicalPeriods[column].loc[idx_wo_peak, :].sum(axis=1)
-            )
-
-            # define the upper scale dependent on the weighting of the series
-            scale_ub = 1.0
-            if self.sameMean:
-                scale_ub = (
-                    scale_ub
-                    * self.timeSeries[column].max()
-                    / self.timeSeries[column].mean()
-                )
-            if column in self.weightDict:
-                scale_ub = scale_ub * self.weightDict[column]
-
-            # difference between predicted and original sum
-            diff = abs(sum_raw - (sum_clu_wo_peak + sum_peak))
-
-            # use while loop to rescale cluster periods
-            a = 0
-            while diff > sum_raw * TOLERANCE and a < MAX_ITERATOR:
-                # rescale values
-                typicalPeriods.loc[idx_wo_peak, column] = (
-                    typicalPeriods[column].loc[idx_wo_peak, :].values
-                    * (sum_raw - sum_peak)
-                    / sum_clu_wo_peak
-                )
-
-                # reset values higher than the upper sacle or less than zero
-                typicalPeriods[column][typicalPeriods[column] > scale_ub] = scale_ub
-                typicalPeriods[column][typicalPeriods[column] < 0.0] = 0.0
-
-                typicalPeriods[column] = typicalPeriods[column].fillna(0.0)
-
-                # calc new sum and new diff to orig data
-                sum_clu_wo_peak = sum(
-                    weightingVec[idx_wo_peak]
-                    * typicalPeriods[column].loc[idx_wo_peak, :].sum(axis=1)
-                )
-                diff = abs(sum_raw - (sum_clu_wo_peak + sum_peak))
-                a += 1
-            if a == MAX_ITERATOR:
-                deviation = str(round((diff / sum_raw) * 100, 2))
-                warnings.warn(
-                    'Max iteration number reached for "'
-                    + str(column)
-                    + '" while rescaling the cluster periods.'
-                    + " The integral of the aggregated time series deviates by: "
-                    + deviation
-                    + "%"
-                )
-        return typicalPeriods.values
-
-    def _clusterSortedPeriods(self, candidates, n_init=20):
-        """
-        Runs the clustering algorithms for the sorted profiles within the period
-        instead of the original profiles. (Duration curve clustering)
-        """
-        # initialize
-        normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles = copy.deepcopy(
-            self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles
-        )
-        for column in self.timeSeries.columns:
-            # sort each period individually
-            df = normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles[column]
-            values = df.values
-            values.sort(axis=1)
-            values = values[:, ::-1]
-            normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles[column] = pd.DataFrame(
-                values, df.index, df.columns
-            )
-        sortedClusterValues = normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles.values
-
-        (
-            altClusterCenters,
-            self.clusterCenterIndices,
-            clusterOrders_C,
-        ) = aggregatePeriods(
-            sortedClusterValues,
-            n_clusters=self.noTypicalPeriods,
-            n_iter=30,
-            solver=self.solver,
-            clusterMethod=self.clusterMethod,
-            representationMethod=self.representationMethod,
-            representationDict=self.representationDict,
-            distributionPeriodWise=self.distributionPeriodWise,
-            timeStepsPerPeriod=self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
-        )
-
-        clusterCenters_C = []
-
-        # take the clusters and determine the most representative sorted
-        # period as cluster center
-        for clusterNum in np.unique(clusterOrders_C):
-            indice = np.where(clusterOrders_C == clusterNum)[0]
-            if len(indice) > 1:
-                # mean value for each time step for each time series over
-                # all Periods in the cluster
-                currentMean_C = sortedClusterValues[indice].mean(axis=0)
-                # index of the period with the lowest distance to the cluster
-                # center
-                mindistIdx_C = np.argmin(
-                    np.square(sortedClusterValues[indice] - currentMean_C).sum(axis=1)
-                )
-                # append original time series of this period
-                medoid_C = candidates[indice][mindistIdx_C]
-
-                # append to cluster center
-                clusterCenters_C.append(medoid_C)
-
-            else:
-                # if only on period is part of the cluster, add this index
-                clusterCenters_C.append(candidates[indice][0])
-
-        return clusterCenters_C, clusterOrders_C
-
-    def createTypicalPeriods(self):
-        """
-        Clusters the Periods.
-
-        :returns: **self.typicalPeriods** --  All typical Periods in scaled form.
-        """
-        self._preProcessTimeSeries()
-
-        # check for additional cluster parameters
-        if self.evalSumPeriods:
-            evaluationValues = (
-                self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.stack(level=0)
-                .sum(axis=1)
-                .unstack(level=1)
-            )
-            # how many values have to get deleted later
-            delClusterParams = -len(evaluationValues.columns)
-            candidates = np.concatenate(
-                (self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.values, evaluationValues.values),
-                axis=1,
-            )
-        else:
-            delClusterParams = None
-            candidates = self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.values
-
-        # skip aggregation procedure for the case of a predefined cluster sequence and get only the correct representation
-        if not self.predefClusterOrder is None:
-            self._clusterOrder = self.predefClusterOrder
-            # check if representatives are defined
-            if not self.predefClusterCenterIndices is None:
-                self.clusterCenterIndices = self.predefClusterCenterIndices
-                self.clusterCenters = candidates[self.predefClusterCenterIndices]
-            else:
-                # otherwise take the medoids
-                self.clusterCenters, self.clusterCenterIndices = representations(
-                    candidates,
-                    self._clusterOrder,
-                    default="medoidRepresentation",
-                    representationMethod=self.representationMethod,
-                    representationDict=self.representationDict,
-                    timeStepsPerPeriod=self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
-                )
-        else:
-            cluster_duration = time.time()
-            if not self.sortValues:
-                # cluster the data
-                (
-                    self.clusterCenters,
-                    self.clusterCenterIndices,
-                    self._clusterOrder,
-                ) = aggregatePeriods(
-                    candidates,
-                    n_clusters=self.noTypicalPeriods,
-                    n_iter=100,
-                    solver=self.solver,
-                    clusterMethod=self.clusterMethod,
-                    representationMethod=self.representationMethod,
-                    representationDict=self.representationDict,
-                    distributionPeriodWise=self.distributionPeriodWise,
-                    timeStepsPerPeriod=self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
-                )
-            else:
-                self.clusterCenters, self._clusterOrder = self._clusterSortedPeriods(
-                    candidates
-                )
-            self.clusteringDuration = time.time() - cluster_duration
-
-        # get cluster centers without additional evaluation values
-        self.clusterPeriods = []
-        for i, cluster_center in enumerate(self.clusterCenters):
-            self.clusterPeriods.append(cluster_center[:delClusterParams])
-
-        if not self.extremePeriodMethod == "None":
-            # overwrite clusterPeriods and clusterOrder
-            (
-                self.clusterPeriods,
-                self._clusterOrder,
-                self.extremeClusterIdx,
-            ) = self._addExtremePeriods(
-                self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles,
-                self.clusterPeriods,
-                self._clusterOrder,
-                extremePeriodMethod=self.extremePeriodMethod,
-                addPeakMin=self.addPeakMin,
-                addPeakMax=self.addPeakMax,
-                addMeanMin=self.addMeanMin,
-                addMeanMax=self.addMeanMax,
-            )
-        else:
-            self.extremeClusterIdx = []
-
-        # get number of appearance of the the typical periods
-        nums, counts = np.unique(self._clusterOrder, return_counts=True)
-        self._clusterPeriodNoOccur = {num: counts[ii] for ii, num in enumerate(nums)}
-
-        if self.rescaleClusterPeriods:
-            self.clusterPeriods = self._rescaleClusterPeriods(
-                self._clusterOrder, self.clusterPeriods, self.extremeClusterIdx
-            )
-
-        # if additional time steps have been added, reduce the number of occurrence of the typical period
-        # which is related to these time steps
-        if not len(self.timeSeries) % self.timeStepsPerPeriod == 0:
-            self._clusterPeriodNoOccur[self._clusterOrder[-1]] -= (
-                1
-                - float(len(self.timeSeries) % self.timeStepsPerPeriod)
-                / self.timeStepsPerPeriod
-            )
-
-        # put the clustered data in pandas format and scale back
-        self.normalizedTypicalPeriods = pd.DataFrame(
-            self.clusterPeriods, columns=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.columns
-        ).stack(level="TimeStep")
-
-        if self.segmentation:
-            from tsam.utils.segmentation import segmentation
-
-            (
-                self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods,
-                self.predictedSegmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods,
-            ) = segmentation(
-                self.normalizedTypicalPeriods,
-                self.noSegments,
-                self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
-                self.solver,
-                representationMethod=self.representationMethod,
-                representationDict=self.representationDict,
-                distributionPeriodWise=self.distributionPeriodWise,
-            )
-            self.normalizedTypicalPeriods = (
-                self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.reset_index(level=3, drop=True)
-            )
-
-        self.typicalPeriods = self._postProcessTimeSeries(self.normalizedTypicalPeriods)
-
-        # check if original time series boundaries are not exceeded
-        if np.array(
-            self.typicalPeriods.max(axis=0) > self.timeSeries.max(axis=0)
-        ).any():
-            warnings.warn(
-                "Something went wrong: At least one maximal value of the aggregated time series exceeds the maximal value the input time series"
-            )
-        if np.array(
-            self.typicalPeriods.min(axis=0) < self.timeSeries.min(axis=0)
-        ).any():
-            warnings.warn(
-                "Something went wrong: At least one minimal value of the aggregated time series exceeds the minimal value the input time series"
-            )
-        return self.typicalPeriods
-
-    def prepareEnersysInput(self):
-        """
-        Creates all dictionaries and lists which are required for the energy system
-        optimization input.
-        """
-        warnings.warn(
-            '"prepareEnersysInput" is deprecated, since the created attributes can be directly accessed as properties',
-            DeprecationWarning,
-        )
-        return
-
-    @property
-    def stepIdx(self):
-        """
-        Index inside a single cluster
-        """
-        if self.segmentation:
-            return [ix for ix in range(0, self.noSegments)]
-        else:
-            return [ix for ix in range(0, self.timeStepsPerPeriod)]
-
-    @property
-    def clusterPeriodIdx(self):
-        """
-        Index of the clustered periods
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "clusterOrder"):
-            self.createTypicalPeriods()
-        return np.sort(np.unique(self._clusterOrder))
-
-    @property
-    def clusterOrder(self):
-        """
-        How often does a typical period occur in the original time series
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
-            self.createTypicalPeriods()
-        return self._clusterOrder
-
-    @property
-    def clusterPeriodNoOccur(self):
-        """
-        How often does a typical period occur in the original time series
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "clusterOrder"):
-            self.createTypicalPeriods()
-        return self._clusterPeriodNoOccur
-
-    @property
-    def clusterPeriodDict(self):
-        """
-        Time series data for each period index as dictionary
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
-            self.createTypicalPeriods()
-        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterPeriodDict"):
-            self._clusterPeriodDict = {}
-            for column in self.typicalPeriods:
-                self._clusterPeriodDict[column] = self.typicalPeriods[column].to_dict()
-        return self._clusterPeriodDict
-
-    @property
-    def segmentDurationDict(self):
-        """
-        Segment duration in time steps for each period index as dictionary
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
-            self.createTypicalPeriods()
-        if not hasattr(self, "_segmentDurationDict"):
-            if self.segmentation:
-                self._segmentDurationDict = (
-                    self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.drop(
-                        self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.columns, axis=1
-                    )
-                    .reset_index(level=3, drop=True)
-                    .reset_index(2)
-                    .to_dict()
-                )
-            else:
-                self._segmentDurationDict = self.typicalPeriods.drop(
-                    self.typicalPeriods.columns, axis=1
-                )
-                self._segmentDurationDict["Segment Duration"] = 1
-                self._segmentDurationDict = self._segmentDurationDict.to_dict()
-                warnings.warn(
-                    "Segmentation is turned off. All segments are consistent the time steps."
-                )
-        return self._segmentDurationDict
-
-    def predictOriginalData(self):
-        """
-        Predicts the overall time series if every period would be placed in the
-        related cluster center
-
-        :returns: **predictedData** (pandas.DataFrame) -- DataFrame which has the same shape as the original one.
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
-            self.createTypicalPeriods()
-
-        # list up typical periods according to their order of occurrence using the _clusterOrder.
-        new_data = []
-        for label in self._clusterOrder:
-            # if segmentation is used, use the segmented typical periods with predicted time steps with the same number
-            # of time steps as unsegmented typical periods
-            if self.segmentation:
-                new_data.append(
-                    self.predictedSegmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[label, :]
-                    .unstack()
-                    .values
-                )
-            else:
-                # new_data.append(self.clusterPeriods[label])
-                new_data.append(
-                    self.normalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[label, :].unstack().values
-                )
-
-        # back in matrix
-        clustered_data_df = pd.DataFrame(
-            new_data,
-            columns=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.columns,
-            index=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.index,
-        )
-        clustered_data_df = clustered_data_df.stack(level="TimeStep")
-
-        # back in form
-        self.normalizedPredictedData = pd.DataFrame(
-            clustered_data_df.values[: len(self.timeSeries)],
-            index=self.timeSeries.index,
-            columns=self.timeSeries.columns,
-        )
-        # normalize again if sameMean = True to avoid doubled unnormalization when using _postProcessTimeSeries after
-        # createTypicalPeriods has been called
-        if self.sameMean:
-            self.normalizedPredictedData /= self._normalizedMean
-        self.predictedData = self._postProcessTimeSeries(
-            self.normalizedPredictedData, applyWeighting=False
-        )
-
-        return self.predictedData
-
-    def indexMatching(self):
-        """
-        Relates the index of the original time series with the indices
-        represented by the clusters
-
-        :returns: **timeStepMatching** (pandas.DataFrame) -- DataFrame which has the same shape as the original one.
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
-            self.createTypicalPeriods()
-
-        # create aggregated period and time step index lists
-        periodIndex = []
-        stepIndex = []
-        for label in self._clusterOrder:
-            for step in range(self.timeStepsPerPeriod):
-                periodIndex.append(label)
-                stepIndex.append(step)
-
-        # create a dataframe
-        timeStepMatching = pd.DataFrame(
-            [periodIndex, stepIndex],
-            index=["PeriodNum", "TimeStep"],
-            columns=self.timeIndex,
-        ).T
-
-        # if segmentation is chosen, append another column stating which
-        if self.segmentation:
-            segmentIndex = []
-            for label in self._clusterOrder:
-                segmentIndex.extend(
-                    np.repeat(
-                        self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[
-                            label, :
-                        ].index.get_level_values(0),
-                        self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[
-                            label, :
-                        ].index.get_level_values(1),
-                    ).values
-                )
-            timeStepMatching = pd.DataFrame(
-                [periodIndex, stepIndex, segmentIndex],
-                index=["PeriodNum", "TimeStep", "SegmentIndex"],
-                columns=self.timeIndex,
-            ).T
-
-        return timeStepMatching
-
-    def accuracyIndicators(self):
-        """
-        Compares the predicted data with the original time series.
-
-        :returns: **pd.DataFrame(indicatorRaw)** (pandas.DataFrame) -- Dataframe containing indicators evaluating the
-                    accuracy of the
-                    aggregation
-        """
-        if not hasattr(self, "predictedData"):
-            self.predictOriginalData()
-
-        indicatorRaw = {
-            "RMSE": {},
-            "RMSE_duration": {},
-            "MAE": {},
-        }  # 'Silhouette score':{},
-
-        for column in self.normalizedTimeSeries.columns:
-            if self.weightDict:
-                origTS = self.normalizedTimeSeries[column] / self.weightDict[column]
-            else:
-                origTS = self.normalizedTimeSeries[column]
-            predTS = self.normalizedPredictedData[column]
-            indicatorRaw["RMSE"][column] = np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(origTS, predTS))
-            indicatorRaw["RMSE_duration"][column] = np.sqrt(
-                mean_squared_error(
-                    origTS.sort_values(ascending=False).reset_index(drop=True),
-                    predTS.sort_values(ascending=False).reset_index(drop=True),
-                )
-            )
-            indicatorRaw["MAE"][column] = mean_absolute_error(origTS, predTS)
-
-        return pd.DataFrame(indicatorRaw)
-
-    def totalAccuracyIndicators(self):
-        """
-        Derives the accuracy indicators over all time series
-        """
-        return np.sqrt(self.accuracyIndicators().pow(2).sum()/len(self.normalizedTimeSeries.columns))
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+
+import copy
+import time
+import warnings
+
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
+
+from sklearn.metrics import mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error
+from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import euclidean_distances
+from sklearn import preprocessing
+
+from tsam.periodAggregation import aggregatePeriods
+from tsam.representations import representations
+
+pd.set_option("mode.chained_assignment", None)
+
+# max iterator while resacling cluster profiles
+MAX_ITERATOR = 20
+
+# tolerance while rescaling cluster periods to meet the annual sum of the original profile
+TOLERANCE = 1e-6
+
+
+# minimal weight that overwrites a weighting of zero in order to carry the profile through the aggregation process
+MIN_WEIGHT = 1e-6
+
+
+def unstackToPeriods(timeSeries, timeStepsPerPeriod):
+    """
+    Extend the timeseries to an integer multiple of the period length and
+    groups the time series to the periods.
+
+    :param timeSeries:
+    :type timeSeries: pandas DataFrame
+
+    :param timeStepsPerPeriod: The number of discrete timesteps which describe one period. required
+    :type timeStepsPerPeriod: integer
+
+    :returns: - **unstackedTimeSeries** (pandas DataFrame) -- is stacked such that each row represents a
+                candidate period
+              - **timeIndex** (pandas Series index) -- is the modification of the original
+                timeseriesindex in case an integer multiple was created
+    """
+    # init new grouped timeindex
+    unstackedTimeSeries = timeSeries.copy()
+
+    # initialize new indices
+    periodIndex = []
+    stepIndex = []
+
+    # extend to inger multiple of period length
+    if len(timeSeries) % timeStepsPerPeriod == 0:
+        attached_timesteps = 0
+    else:
+        # calculate number of timesteps which get attached
+        attached_timesteps = timeStepsPerPeriod - len(timeSeries) % timeStepsPerPeriod
+
+        # take these from the head of the original time series
+        rep_data = unstackedTimeSeries.head(attached_timesteps)
+
+        # append them at the end of the time series
+        unstackedTimeSeries = pd.concat([unstackedTimeSeries, rep_data])
+
+    # create period and step index
+    for ii in range(0, len(unstackedTimeSeries)):
+        periodIndex.append(int(ii / timeStepsPerPeriod))
+        stepIndex.append(ii - int(ii / timeStepsPerPeriod) * timeStepsPerPeriod)
+
+    # save old index
+    timeIndex = copy.deepcopy(unstackedTimeSeries.index)
+
+    # create new double index and unstack the time series
+    unstackedTimeSeries.index = pd.MultiIndex.from_arrays(
+        [stepIndex, periodIndex], names=["TimeStep", "PeriodNum"]
+    )
+    unstackedTimeSeries = unstackedTimeSeries.unstack(level="TimeStep")
+
+    return unstackedTimeSeries, timeIndex
+
+
+
+class TimeSeriesAggregation(object):
+    """
+    Clusters time series data to typical periods.
+    """
+
+    CLUSTER_METHODS = [
+        "averaging",
+        "k_means",
+        "k_medoids",
+        "k_maxoids",
+        "hierarchical",
+        "adjacent_periods",
+    ]
+
+    REPRESENTATION_METHODS = [
+        "meanRepresentation",
+        "medoidRepresentation",
+        "maxoidRepresentation",
+        "minmaxmeanRepresentation",
+        "durationRepresentation",
+        "distributionRepresentation",
+        "distributionAndMinMaxRepresentation",
+    ]
+
+    EXTREME_PERIOD_METHODS = [
+        "None",
+        "append",
+        "new_cluster_center",
+        "replace_cluster_center",
+    ]
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        timeSeries,
+        resolution=None,
+        noTypicalPeriods=10,
+        noSegments=10,
+        hoursPerPeriod=24,
+        clusterMethod="hierarchical",
+        evalSumPeriods=False,
+        sortValues=False,
+        sameMean=False,
+        rescaleClusterPeriods=True,
+        weightDict=None,
+        segmentation=False,
+        extremePeriodMethod="None",
+        representationMethod=None,
+        representationDict=None,
+        distributionPeriodWise=True,
+        segmentRepresentationMethod=None,
+        predefClusterOrder=None,
+        predefClusterCenterIndices=None,
+        solver="highs",
+        roundOutput=None,
+        addPeakMin=None,
+        addPeakMax=None,
+        addMeanMin=None,
+        addMeanMax=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Initialize the periodly clusters.
+
+        :param timeSeries: DataFrame with the datetime as index and the relevant
+            time series parameters as columns. required
+        :type timeSeries: pandas.DataFrame() or dict
+
+        :param resolution: Resolution of the time series in hours [h]. If timeSeries is a
+            pandas.DataFrame() the resolution is derived from the datetime
+            index. optional, default: delta_T in timeSeries
+        :type resolution: float
+
+        :param hoursPerPeriod: Value which defines the length of a cluster period. optional, default: 24
+        :type hoursPerPeriod: integer
+
+        :param noTypicalPeriods: Number of typical Periods - equivalent to the number of clusters. optional, default: 10
+        :type noTypicalPeriods: integer
+
+        :param noSegments: Number of segments in which the typical periods shoul be subdivided - equivalent to the
+            number of inner-period clusters. optional, default: 10
+        :type noSegments: integer
+
+        :param clusterMethod: Chosen clustering method. optional, default: 'hierarchical'
+            |br| Options are:
+
+            * 'averaging'
+            * 'k_means'
+            * 'k_medoids'
+            * 'k_maxoids'
+            * 'hierarchical'
+            * 'adjacent_periods'
+        :type clusterMethod: string
+
+        :param evalSumPeriods: Boolean if in the clustering process also the averaged periodly values
+            shall be integrated additional to the periodly profiles as parameters. optional, default: False
+        :type evalSumPeriods: boolean
+
+        :param sameMean: Boolean which is used in the normalization procedure. If true, all time series get normalized
+            such that they have the same mean value. optional, default: False
+        :type sameMean: boolean
+
+        :param sortValues: Boolean if the clustering should be done by the periodly duration
+            curves (true) or the original shape of the data. optional (default: False)
+        :type sortValues: boolean
+
+        :param rescaleClusterPeriods: Decides if the cluster Periods shall get rescaled such that their
+            weighted mean value fits the mean value of the original time series. optional (default: True)
+        :type rescaleClusterPeriods: boolean
+
+        :param weightDict: Dictionary which weights the profiles. It is done by scaling
+            the time series while the normalization process. Normally all time
+            series have a scale from 0 to 1. By scaling them, the values get
+            different distances to each other and with this, they are
+            differently evaluated while the clustering process. optional (default: None )
+        :type weightDict: dict
+
+        :param extremePeriodMethod: Method how to integrate extreme Periods (peak demand, lowest temperature etc.)
+            into to the typical period profiles. optional, default: 'None'
+            |br| Options are:
+
+            * None: No integration at all.
+            * 'append': append typical Periods to cluster centers
+            * 'new_cluster_center': add the extreme period as additional cluster center. It is checked then for all
+              Periods if they fit better to the this new center or their original cluster center.
+            * 'replace_cluster_center': replaces the cluster center of the
+              cluster where the extreme period belongs to with the periodly profile of the extreme period. (Worst
+              case system design)
+        :type extremePeriodMethod: string
+
+        :param representationMethod: Chosen representation. If specified, the clusters are represented in the chosen
+            way. Otherwise, each clusterMethod has its own commonly used default representation method.
+            |br| Options are:
+
+            * 'meanRepresentation' (default of 'averaging' and 'k_means')
+            * 'medoidRepresentation' (default of 'k_medoids', 'hierarchical' and 'adjacent_periods')
+            * 'minmaxmeanRepresentation'
+            * 'durationRepresentation'/ 'distributionRepresentation'
+            * 'distribtionAndMinMaxRepresentation'
+        :type representationMethod: string
+
+        :param representationDict: Dictionary which states for each attribute whether the profiles in each cluster
+            should be represented by the minimum value or maximum value of each time step. This enables estimations
+            to the safe side. This dictionary is needed when 'minmaxmeanRepresentation' is chosen. If not specified, the
+            dictionary is set to containing 'mean' values only.
+        :type representationDict: dict
+
+        :param distributionPeriodWise: If durationRepresentation is chosen, you can choose whether the distribution of
+            each cluster should be separately preserved or that of the original time series only (default: True)
+        :type distributionPeriodWise:
+
+        :param segmentRepresentationMethod: Chosen representation for the segments. If specified, the segments are
+            represented in the chosen way. Otherwise, it is inherited from the representationMethod.
+            |br| Options are:
+
+            * 'meanRepresentation' (default of 'averaging' and 'k_means')
+            * 'medoidRepresentation' (default of 'k_medoids', 'hierarchical' and 'adjacent_periods')
+            * 'minmaxmeanRepresentation'
+            * 'durationRepresentation'/ 'distributionRepresentation'
+            * 'distribtionAndMinMaxRepresentation'
+        :type segmentRepresentationMethod: string
+
+        :param predefClusterOrder: Instead of aggregating a time series, a predefined grouping is taken
+            which is given by this list. optional (default: None)
+        :type predefClusterOrder: list or array
+
+        :param predefClusterCenterIndices: If predefClusterOrder is give, this list can define the representative
+            cluster candidates. Otherwise the medoid is taken. optional (default: None)
+        :type predefClusterCenterIndices: list or array
+
+        :param solver: Solver that is used for k_medoids clustering. optional (default: 'cbc' )
+        :type solver: string
+
+        :param roundOutput: Decimals to what the output time series get round. optional (default: None )
+        :type roundOutput: integer
+
+        :param addPeakMin: List of column names which's minimal value shall be added to the
+            typical periods. E.g.: ['Temperature']. optional, default: []
+        :type addPeakMin: list
+
+        :param addPeakMax: List of column names which's maximal value shall be added to the
+            typical periods. E.g. ['EDemand', 'HDemand']. optional, default: []
+        :type addPeakMax: list
+
+        :param addMeanMin: List of column names where the period with the cumulative minimal value
+            shall be added to the typical periods. E.g. ['Photovoltaic']. optional, default: []
+        :type addMeanMin: list
+
+        :param addMeanMax: List of column names where the period with the cumulative maximal value
+            shall be added to the typical periods. optional, default: []
+        :type addMeanMax: list
+        """
+        if addMeanMin is None:
+            addMeanMin = []
+        if addMeanMax is None:
+            addMeanMax = []
+        if addPeakMax is None:
+            addPeakMax = []
+        if addPeakMin is None:
+            addPeakMin = []
+        if weightDict is None:
+            weightDict = {}
+        self.timeSeries = timeSeries
+
+        self.resolution = resolution
+
+        self.hoursPerPeriod = hoursPerPeriod
+
+        self.noTypicalPeriods = noTypicalPeriods
+
+        self.noSegments = noSegments
+
+        self.clusterMethod = clusterMethod
+
+        self.extremePeriodMethod = extremePeriodMethod
+
+        self.evalSumPeriods = evalSumPeriods
+
+        self.sortValues = sortValues
+
+        self.sameMean = sameMean
+
+        self.rescaleClusterPeriods = rescaleClusterPeriods
+
+        self.weightDict = weightDict
+
+        self.representationMethod = representationMethod
+
+        self.representationDict = representationDict
+
+        self.distributionPeriodWise = distributionPeriodWise
+
+        self.segmentRepresentationMethod = segmentRepresentationMethod
+
+        self.predefClusterOrder = predefClusterOrder
+
+        self.predefClusterCenterIndices = predefClusterCenterIndices
+
+        self.solver = solver
+
+        self.segmentation = segmentation
+
+        self.roundOutput = roundOutput
+
+        self.addPeakMin = addPeakMin
+
+        self.addPeakMax = addPeakMax
+
+        self.addMeanMin = addMeanMin
+
+        self.addMeanMax = addMeanMax
+
+        self._check_init_args()
+
+        # internal attributes
+        self._normalizedMean = None
+
+        return
+
+    def _check_init_args(self):
+
+        # check timeSeries and set it as pandas DataFrame
+        if not isinstance(self.timeSeries, pd.DataFrame):
+            if isinstance(self.timeSeries, dict):
+                self.timeSeries = pd.DataFrame(self.timeSeries)
+            elif isinstance(self.timeSeries, np.ndarray):
+                self.timeSeries = pd.DataFrame(self.timeSeries)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "timeSeries has to be of type pandas.DataFrame() "
+                    + "or of type np.array() "
+                    "in initialization of object of class " + type(self).__name__
+                )
+
+        # check if extreme periods exist in the dataframe
+        for peak in self.addPeakMin:
+            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    peak
+                    + ' listed in "addPeakMin"'
+                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
+                )
+        for peak in self.addPeakMax:
+            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    peak
+                    + ' listed in "addPeakMax"'
+                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
+                )
+        for peak in self.addMeanMin:
+            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    peak
+                    + ' listed in "addMeanMin"'
+                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
+                )
+        for peak in self.addMeanMax:
+            if peak not in self.timeSeries.columns:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    peak
+                    + ' listed in "addMeanMax"'
+                    + " does not occur as timeSeries column"
+                )
+
+        # derive resolution from date time index if not provided
+        if self.resolution is None:
+            try:
+                timedelta = self.timeSeries.index[1] - self.timeSeries.index[0]
+                self.resolution = float(timedelta.total_seconds()) / 3600
+            except AttributeError:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "'resolution' argument has to be nonnegative float or int"
+                    + " or the given timeseries needs a datetime index"
+                )
+            except TypeError:
+                try:
+                    self.timeSeries.index = pd.to_datetime(self.timeSeries.index)
+                    timedelta = self.timeSeries.index[1] - self.timeSeries.index[0]
+                    self.resolution = float(timedelta.total_seconds()) / 3600
+                except:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "'resolution' argument has to be nonnegative float or int"
+                        + " or the given timeseries needs a datetime index"
+                    )
+
+        if not (isinstance(self.resolution, int) or isinstance(self.resolution, float)):
+            raise ValueError("resolution has to be nonnegative float or int")
+
+        # check hoursPerPeriod
+        if self.hoursPerPeriod is None or self.hoursPerPeriod <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("hoursPerPeriod has to be nonnegative float or int")
+
+        # check typical Periods
+        if (
+            self.noTypicalPeriods is None
+            or self.noTypicalPeriods <= 0
+            or not isinstance(self.noTypicalPeriods, int)
+        ):
+            raise ValueError("noTypicalPeriods has to be nonnegative integer")
+        self.timeStepsPerPeriod = int(self.hoursPerPeriod / self.resolution)
+        if not self.timeStepsPerPeriod == self.hoursPerPeriod / self.resolution:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "The combination of hoursPerPeriod and the "
+                + "resulution does not result in an integer "
+                + "number of time steps per period"
+            )
+        if self.segmentation:
+            if self.noSegments > self.timeStepsPerPeriod:
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "The number of segments must be less than or equal to the number of time steps per period. "
+                    "Segment number is decreased to number of time steps per period."
+                )
+                self.noSegments = self.timeStepsPerPeriod
+
+        # check clusterMethod
+        if self.clusterMethod not in self.CLUSTER_METHODS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "clusterMethod needs to be one of "
+                + "the following: "
+                + "{}".format(self.CLUSTER_METHODS)
+            )
+
+        # check representationMethod
+        if (
+            self.representationMethod is not None
+            and self.representationMethod not in self.REPRESENTATION_METHODS
+        ):
+            raise ValueError(
+                "If specified, representationMethod needs to be one of "
+                + "the following: "
+                + "{}".format(self.REPRESENTATION_METHODS)
+            )
+        
+        # check representationMethod
+        if self.segmentRepresentationMethod is None:
+            self.segmentRepresentationMethod = self.representationMethod
+        else:
+            if self.segmentRepresentationMethod not in self.REPRESENTATION_METHODS:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If specified, segmentRepresentationMethod needs to be one of "
+                    + "the following: "
+                    + "{}".format(self.REPRESENTATION_METHODS)
+                )
+
+        # if representationDict None, represent by maximum time steps in each cluster
+        if self.representationDict is None:
+            self.representationDict = {i: "mean" for i in list(self.timeSeries.columns)}
+        # sort representationDict alphabetically to make sure that the min, max or mean function is applied to the right
+        # column
+        self.representationDict = (
+            pd.Series(self.representationDict).sort_index(axis=0).to_dict()
+        )
+
+        # check extremePeriods
+        if self.extremePeriodMethod not in self.EXTREME_PERIOD_METHODS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "extremePeriodMethod needs to be one of "
+                + "the following: "
+                + "{}".format(self.EXTREME_PERIOD_METHODS)
+            )
+
+        # check evalSumPeriods
+        if not isinstance(self.evalSumPeriods, bool):
+            raise ValueError("evalSumPeriods has to be boolean")
+        # check sortValues
+        if not isinstance(self.sortValues, bool):
+            raise ValueError("sortValues has to be boolean")
+        # check sameMean
+        if not isinstance(self.sameMean, bool):
+            raise ValueError("sameMean has to be boolean")
+        # check rescaleClusterPeriods
+        if not isinstance(self.rescaleClusterPeriods, bool):
+            raise ValueError("rescaleClusterPeriods has to be boolean")
+
+        # check predefClusterOrder
+        if self.predefClusterOrder is not None:
+            if not isinstance(self.predefClusterOrder, (list, np.ndarray)):
+                raise ValueError("predefClusterOrder has to be an array or list")
+            if self.predefClusterCenterIndices is not None:
+                # check predefClusterCenterIndices
+                if not isinstance(self.predefClusterCenterIndices, (list, np.ndarray)):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "predefClusterCenterIndices has to be an array or list"
+                    )
+        elif self.predefClusterCenterIndices is not None:
+            raise ValueError(
+                'If "predefClusterCenterIndices" is defined, "predefClusterOrder" needs to be defined as well'
+            )
+
+        return
+
+    def _normalizeTimeSeries(self, sameMean=False):
+        """
+        Normalizes each time series independently.
+
+        :param sameMean: Decides if the time series should have all the same mean value.
+            Relevant for weighting time series. optional (default: False)
+        :type sameMean: boolean
+
+        :returns: normalized time series
+        """
+        min_max_scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler()
+        normalizedTimeSeries = pd.DataFrame(
+            min_max_scaler.fit_transform(self.timeSeries),
+            columns=self.timeSeries.columns,
+            index=self.timeSeries.index,
+        )
+
+        self._normalizedMean = normalizedTimeSeries.mean()
+        if sameMean:
+            normalizedTimeSeries /= self._normalizedMean
+
+        return normalizedTimeSeries
+
+    def _unnormalizeTimeSeries(self, normalizedTimeSeries, sameMean=False):
+        """
+        Equivalent to '_normalizeTimeSeries'. Just does the back
+        transformation.
+
+        :param normalizedTimeSeries: Time series which should get back transformated. required
+        :type normalizedTimeSeries: pandas.DataFrame()
+
+        :param sameMean: Has to have the same value as in _normalizeTimeSeries. optional (default: False)
+        :type sameMean: boolean
+
+        :returns: unnormalized time series
+        """
+        from sklearn import preprocessing
+
+        min_max_scaler = preprocessing.MinMaxScaler()
+        min_max_scaler.fit(self.timeSeries)
+
+        if sameMean:
+            normalizedTimeSeries *= self._normalizedMean
+
+        unnormalizedTimeSeries = pd.DataFrame(
+            min_max_scaler.inverse_transform(normalizedTimeSeries),
+            columns=normalizedTimeSeries.columns,
+            index=normalizedTimeSeries.index,
+        )
+
+        return unnormalizedTimeSeries
+
+    def _preProcessTimeSeries(self):
+        """
+        Normalize the time series, weight them based on the weight dict and
+        puts them into the correct matrix format.
+        """
+        # first sort the time series in order to avoid bug mention in #18
+        self.timeSeries.sort_index(axis=1, inplace=True)
+
+        # convert the dataframe to floats
+        self.timeSeries = self.timeSeries.astype(float)
+
+        # normalize the time series and group them to periodly profiles
+        self.normalizedTimeSeries = self._normalizeTimeSeries(sameMean=self.sameMean)
+
+        for column in self.weightDict:
+            if self.weightDict[column] < MIN_WEIGHT:
+                print(
+                    'weight of "'
+                    + str(column)
+                    + '" set to the minmal tolerable weighting'
+                )
+                self.weightDict[column] = MIN_WEIGHT
+            self.normalizedTimeSeries[column] = (
+                self.normalizedTimeSeries[column] * self.weightDict[column]
+            )
+
+        self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles, self.timeIndex = unstackToPeriods(
+            self.normalizedTimeSeries, self.timeStepsPerPeriod
+        )
+
+        # check if no NaN is in the resulting profiles
+        if self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.isnull().values.any():
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Pre processed data includes NaN. Please check the timeSeries input data."
+            )
+
+    def _postProcessTimeSeries(self, normalizedTimeSeries, applyWeighting=True):
+        """
+        Neutralizes the weighting the time series back and unnormalizes them.
+        """
+        if applyWeighting:
+            for column in self.weightDict:
+                normalizedTimeSeries[column] = (
+                    normalizedTimeSeries[column] / self.weightDict[column]
+                )
+
+        unnormalizedTimeSeries = self._unnormalizeTimeSeries(
+            normalizedTimeSeries, sameMean=self.sameMean
+        )
+
+        if self.roundOutput is not None:
+            unnormalizedTimeSeries = unnormalizedTimeSeries.round(
+                decimals=self.roundOutput
+            )
+
+        return unnormalizedTimeSeries
+
+    def _addExtremePeriods(
+        self,
+        groupedSeries,
+        clusterCenters,
+        clusterOrder,
+        extremePeriodMethod="new_cluster_center",
+        addPeakMin=None,
+        addPeakMax=None,
+        addMeanMin=None,
+        addMeanMax=None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Adds different extreme periods based on the to the clustered data,
+        decribed by the clusterCenters and clusterOrder.
+
+        :param groupedSeries: periodly grouped groupedSeries on which basis it should be decided,
+            which period is an extreme period. required
+        :type groupedSeries: pandas.DataFrame()
+
+        :param clusterCenters: Output from clustering with sklearn. required
+        :type clusterCenters: dict
+
+        :param clusterOrder: Output from clsutering with sklearn. required
+        :type clusterOrder: dict
+
+        :param extremePeriodMethod: Chosen extremePeriodMethod. The method. optional(default: 'new_cluster_center' )
+        :type extremePeriodMethod: string
+
+        :returns: - **newClusterCenters** -- The new cluster centers extended with the extreme periods.
+                  - **newClusterOrder** -- The new cluster order including the extreme periods.
+                  - **extremeClusterIdx** -- A list of indices where in the newClusterCenters are the extreme
+                    periods located.
+        """
+
+        # init required dicts and lists
+        self.extremePeriods = {}
+        extremePeriodNo = []
+
+        ccList = [center.tolist() for center in clusterCenters]
+
+        # check which extreme periods exist in the profile and add them to
+        # self.extremePeriods dict
+        for column in self.timeSeries.columns:
+
+            if column in addPeakMax:
+                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].max(axis=1).idxmax()
+                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods
+                # if it is not already a cluster center
+                if (
+                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
+                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
+                ):
+                    max_col = self._append_col_with(column, " max.")
+                    self.extremePeriods[max_col] = {
+                        "stepNo": stepNo,
+                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
+                        "column": column,
+                    }
+                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
+
+            if column in addPeakMin:
+                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].min(axis=1).idxmin()
+                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods
+                # if it is not already a cluster center
+                if (
+                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
+                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
+                ):
+                    min_col = self._append_col_with(column, " min.")
+                    self.extremePeriods[min_col] = {
+                        "stepNo": stepNo,
+                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
+                        "column": column,
+                    }
+                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
+
+            if column in addMeanMax:
+                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].mean(axis=1).idxmax()
+                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods
+                # if it is not already a cluster center
+                if (
+                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
+                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
+                ):
+                    mean_max_col = self._append_col_with(column, " daily max.")
+                    self.extremePeriods[mean_max_col] = {
+                        "stepNo": stepNo,
+                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
+                        "column": column,
+                    }
+                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
+
+            if column in addMeanMin:
+                stepNo = groupedSeries[column].mean(axis=1).idxmin()
+                # add only if stepNo is not already in extremePeriods and
+                # if it is not already a cluster center
+                if (
+                    stepNo not in extremePeriodNo
+                    and groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values.tolist() not in ccList
+                ):
+                    mean_min_col = self._append_col_with(column, " daily min.")
+                    self.extremePeriods[mean_min_col] = {
+                        "stepNo": stepNo,
+                        "profile": groupedSeries.loc[stepNo, :].values,
+                        "column": column,
+                    }
+                    extremePeriodNo.append(stepNo)
+
+        for periodType in self.extremePeriods:
+            # get current related clusters of extreme periods
+            self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"] = clusterOrder[
+                self.extremePeriods[periodType]["stepNo"]
+            ]
+
+            # init new cluster structure
+        newClusterCenters = []
+        newClusterOrder = clusterOrder
+        extremeClusterIdx = []
+
+        # integrate extreme periods to clusters
+        if extremePeriodMethod == "append":
+            # attach extreme periods to cluster centers
+            for i, cluster_center in enumerate(clusterCenters):
+                newClusterCenters.append(cluster_center)
+            for i, periodType in enumerate(self.extremePeriods):
+                extremeClusterIdx.append(len(newClusterCenters))
+                newClusterCenters.append(self.extremePeriods[periodType]["profile"])
+                newClusterOrder[self.extremePeriods[periodType]["stepNo"]] = i + len(
+                    clusterCenters
+                )
+
+        elif extremePeriodMethod == "new_cluster_center":
+            for i, cluster_center in enumerate(clusterCenters):
+                newClusterCenters.append(cluster_center)
+            # attach extrem periods to cluster centers and consider for all periods
+            # if the fit better to the cluster or the extrem period
+            for i, periodType in enumerate(self.extremePeriods):
+                extremeClusterIdx.append(len(newClusterCenters))
+                newClusterCenters.append(self.extremePeriods[periodType]["profile"])
+                self.extremePeriods[periodType]["newClusterNo"] = i + len(
+                    clusterCenters
+                )
+
+            for i, cPeriod in enumerate(newClusterOrder):
+                # caclulate euclidean distance to cluster center
+                cluster_dist = sum(
+                    (groupedSeries.iloc[i].values - clusterCenters[cPeriod]) ** 2
+                )
+                for ii, extremPeriodType in enumerate(self.extremePeriods):
+                    # exclude other extreme periods from adding to the new
+                    # cluster center
+                    isOtherExtreme = False
+                    for otherExPeriod in self.extremePeriods:
+                        if (
+                            i == self.extremePeriods[otherExPeriod]["stepNo"]
+                            and otherExPeriod != extremPeriodType
+                        ):
+                            isOtherExtreme = True
+                    # calculate distance to extreme periods
+                    extperiod_dist = sum(
+                        (
+                            groupedSeries.iloc[i].values
+                            - self.extremePeriods[extremPeriodType]["profile"]
+                        )
+                        ** 2
+                    )
+                    # choose new cluster relation
+                    if extperiod_dist < cluster_dist and not isOtherExtreme:
+                        newClusterOrder[i] = self.extremePeriods[extremPeriodType][
+                            "newClusterNo"
+                        ]
+
+        elif extremePeriodMethod == "replace_cluster_center":
+            # Worst Case Clusterperiods
+            newClusterCenters = clusterCenters
+            for periodType in self.extremePeriods:
+                index = groupedSeries.columns.get_loc(
+                    self.extremePeriods[periodType]["column"]
+                )
+                newClusterCenters[self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"]][
+                    index
+                ] = self.extremePeriods[periodType]["profile"][index]
+                if (
+                    not self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"]
+                    in extremeClusterIdx
+                ):
+                    extremeClusterIdx.append(
+                        self.extremePeriods[periodType]["clusterNo"]
+                    )
+
+        return newClusterCenters, newClusterOrder, extremeClusterIdx
+
+    def _append_col_with(self, column, append_with=" max."):
+        """Appends a string to the column name. For MultiIndexes, which turn out to be
+        tuples when this method is called, only last level is changed"""
+        if isinstance(column, str):
+            return column + append_with
+        elif isinstance(column, tuple):
+            col = list(column)
+            col[-1] = col[-1] + append_with
+            return tuple(col)
+
+    def _rescaleClusterPeriods(self, clusterOrder, clusterPeriods, extremeClusterIdx):
+        """
+        Rescale the values of the clustered Periods such that mean of each time
+        series in the typical Periods fits the mean value of the original time
+        series, without changing the values of the extremePeriods.
+        """
+        weightingVec = pd.Series(self._clusterPeriodNoOccur).values
+        typicalPeriods = pd.concat([
+            pd.Series(s, index=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.columns)
+            for s in self.clusterPeriods
+        ], axis=1).T
+        idx_wo_peak = np.delete(typicalPeriods.index, extremeClusterIdx)
+        for column in self.timeSeries.columns:
+            diff = 1
+            sum_raw = self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles[column].sum().sum()
+            sum_peak = np.sum(
+                weightingVec[extremeClusterIdx]
+                * typicalPeriods[column].loc[extremeClusterIdx, :].sum(axis=1)
+            )
+            sum_clu_wo_peak = np.sum(
+                weightingVec[idx_wo_peak]
+                * typicalPeriods[column].loc[idx_wo_peak, :].sum(axis=1)
+            )
+
+            # define the upper scale dependent on the weighting of the series
+            scale_ub = 1.0
+            if self.sameMean:
+                scale_ub = (
+                    scale_ub
+                    * self.timeSeries[column].max()
+                    / self.timeSeries[column].mean()
+                )
+            if column in self.weightDict:
+                scale_ub = scale_ub * self.weightDict[column]
+
+            # difference between predicted and original sum
+            diff = abs(sum_raw - (sum_clu_wo_peak + sum_peak))
+
+            # use while loop to rescale cluster periods
+            a = 0
+            while diff > sum_raw * TOLERANCE and a < MAX_ITERATOR:
+                # rescale values
+                typicalPeriods.loc[idx_wo_peak, column] = (
+                    typicalPeriods[column].loc[idx_wo_peak, :].values
+                    * (sum_raw - sum_peak)
+                    / sum_clu_wo_peak
+                )
+
+                # reset values higher than the upper sacle or less than zero
+                typicalPeriods[column].clip(lower=0, upper=scale_ub, inplace=True)
+
+                typicalPeriods[column].fillna(0.0, inplace=True)
+
+                # calc new sum and new diff to orig data
+                sum_clu_wo_peak = np.sum(
+                    weightingVec[idx_wo_peak]
+                    * typicalPeriods[column].loc[idx_wo_peak, :].sum(axis=1)
+                )
+                diff = abs(sum_raw - (sum_clu_wo_peak + sum_peak))
+                a += 1
+            if a == MAX_ITERATOR:
+                deviation = str(round((diff / sum_raw) * 100, 2))
+                warnings.warn(
+                    'Max iteration number reached for "'
+                    + str(column)
+                    + '" while rescaling the cluster periods.'
+                    + " The integral of the aggregated time series deviates by: "
+                    + deviation
+                    + "%"
+                )
+        return typicalPeriods.values
+
+    def _clusterSortedPeriods(self, candidates, n_init=20):
+        """
+        Runs the clustering algorithms for the sorted profiles within the period
+        instead of the original profiles. (Duration curve clustering)
+        """
+        # initialize
+        normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles = copy.deepcopy(
+            self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles
+        )
+        for column in self.timeSeries.columns:
+            # sort each period individually
+            df = normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles[column]
+            values = df.values
+            values.sort(axis=1)
+            values = values[:, ::-1]
+            normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles[column] = pd.DataFrame(
+                values, df.index, df.columns
+            )
+        sortedClusterValues = normalizedSortedPeriodlyProfiles.values
+
+        (
+            altClusterCenters,
+            self.clusterCenterIndices,
+            clusterOrders_C,
+        ) = aggregatePeriods(
+            sortedClusterValues,
+            n_clusters=self.noTypicalPeriods,
+            n_iter=30,
+            solver=self.solver,
+            clusterMethod=self.clusterMethod,
+            representationMethod=self.representationMethod,
+            representationDict=self.representationDict,
+            distributionPeriodWise=self.distributionPeriodWise,
+            timeStepsPerPeriod=self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
+        )
+
+        clusterCenters_C = []
+
+        # take the clusters and determine the most representative sorted
+        # period as cluster center
+        for clusterNum in np.unique(clusterOrders_C):
+            indice = np.where(clusterOrders_C == clusterNum)[0]
+            if len(indice) > 1:
+                # mean value for each time step for each time series over
+                # all Periods in the cluster
+                currentMean_C = sortedClusterValues[indice].mean(axis=0)
+                # index of the period with the lowest distance to the cluster
+                # center
+                mindistIdx_C = np.argmin(
+                    np.square(sortedClusterValues[indice] - currentMean_C).sum(axis=1)
+                )
+                # append original time series of this period
+                medoid_C = candidates[indice][mindistIdx_C]
+
+                # append to cluster center
+                clusterCenters_C.append(medoid_C)
+
+            else:
+                # if only on period is part of the cluster, add this index
+                clusterCenters_C.append(candidates[indice][0])
+
+        return clusterCenters_C, clusterOrders_C
+
+    def createTypicalPeriods(self):
+        """
+        Clusters the Periods.
+
+        :returns: **self.typicalPeriods** --  All typical Periods in scaled form.
+        """
+        self._preProcessTimeSeries()
+
+        # check for additional cluster parameters
+        if self.evalSumPeriods:
+            evaluationValues = (
+                self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.stack(level=0)
+                .sum(axis=1)
+                .unstack(level=1)
+            )
+            # how many values have to get deleted later
+            delClusterParams = -len(evaluationValues.columns)
+            candidates = np.concatenate(
+                (self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.values, evaluationValues.values),
+                axis=1,
+            )
+        else:
+            delClusterParams = None
+            candidates = self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.values
+
+        # skip aggregation procedure for the case of a predefined cluster sequence and get only the correct representation
+        if not self.predefClusterOrder is None:
+            self._clusterOrder = self.predefClusterOrder
+            # check if representatives are defined
+            if not self.predefClusterCenterIndices is None:
+                self.clusterCenterIndices = self.predefClusterCenterIndices
+                self.clusterCenters = candidates[self.predefClusterCenterIndices]
+            else:
+                # otherwise take the medoids
+                self.clusterCenters, self.clusterCenterIndices = representations(
+                    candidates,
+                    self._clusterOrder,
+                    default="medoidRepresentation",
+                    representationMethod=self.representationMethod,
+                    representationDict=self.representationDict,
+                    timeStepsPerPeriod=self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
+                )
+        else:
+            cluster_duration = time.time()
+            if not self.sortValues:
+                # cluster the data
+                (
+                    self.clusterCenters,
+                    self.clusterCenterIndices,
+                    self._clusterOrder,
+                ) = aggregatePeriods(
+                    candidates,
+                    n_clusters=self.noTypicalPeriods,
+                    n_iter=100,
+                    solver=self.solver,
+                    clusterMethod=self.clusterMethod,
+                    representationMethod=self.representationMethod,
+                    representationDict=self.representationDict,
+                    distributionPeriodWise=self.distributionPeriodWise,
+                    timeStepsPerPeriod=self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
+                )
+            else:
+                self.clusterCenters, self._clusterOrder = self._clusterSortedPeriods(
+                    candidates
+                )
+            self.clusteringDuration = time.time() - cluster_duration
+
+        # get cluster centers without additional evaluation values
+        self.clusterPeriods = []
+        for i, cluster_center in enumerate(self.clusterCenters):
+            self.clusterPeriods.append(cluster_center[:delClusterParams])
+
+        if not self.extremePeriodMethod == "None":
+            # overwrite clusterPeriods and clusterOrder
+            (
+                self.clusterPeriods,
+                self._clusterOrder,
+                self.extremeClusterIdx,
+            ) = self._addExtremePeriods(
+                self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles,
+                self.clusterPeriods,
+                self._clusterOrder,
+                extremePeriodMethod=self.extremePeriodMethod,
+                addPeakMin=self.addPeakMin,
+                addPeakMax=self.addPeakMax,
+                addMeanMin=self.addMeanMin,
+                addMeanMax=self.addMeanMax,
+            )
+        else:
+            self.extremeClusterIdx = []
+
+        # get number of appearance of the the typical periods
+        nums, counts = np.unique(self._clusterOrder, return_counts=True)
+        self._clusterPeriodNoOccur = {num: counts[ii] for ii, num in enumerate(nums)}
+
+        if self.rescaleClusterPeriods:
+            self.clusterPeriods = self._rescaleClusterPeriods(
+                self._clusterOrder, self.clusterPeriods, self.extremeClusterIdx
+            )
+
+        # if additional time steps have been added, reduce the number of occurrence of the typical period
+        # which is related to these time steps
+        if not len(self.timeSeries) % self.timeStepsPerPeriod == 0:
+            self._clusterPeriodNoOccur[self._clusterOrder[-1]] -= (
+                1
+                - float(len(self.timeSeries) % self.timeStepsPerPeriod)
+                / self.timeStepsPerPeriod
+            )
+
+        # put the clustered data in pandas format and scale back
+        self.normalizedTypicalPeriods = pd.concat([
+            pd.Series(s, index=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.columns)
+            for s in self.clusterPeriods
+        ], axis=1).unstack("TimeStep").T
+
+        if self.segmentation:
+            from tsam.utils.segmentation import segmentation
+
+            (
+                self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods,
+                self.predictedSegmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods,
+            ) = segmentation(
+                self.normalizedTypicalPeriods,
+                self.noSegments,
+                self.timeStepsPerPeriod,
+                representationMethod=self.segmentRepresentationMethod,
+                representationDict=self.representationDict,
+                distributionPeriodWise=self.distributionPeriodWise,
+            )
+            self.normalizedTypicalPeriods = (
+                self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.reset_index(level=3, drop=True)
+            )
+
+        self.typicalPeriods = self._postProcessTimeSeries(self.normalizedTypicalPeriods)
+
+        # check if original time series boundaries are not exceeded
+        if np.array(
+            self.typicalPeriods.max(axis=0) > self.timeSeries.max(axis=0)
+        ).any():
+            warning_list = self.typicalPeriods.max(axis=0) < self.timeSeries.max(axis=0)
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Something went wrong... At least one maximal value of the " + 
+                "aggregated time series exceeds the maximal value " + 
+                "the input time series for: " + 
+                "{}".format(list(warning_list[warning_list>0].index))
+            )
+        if np.array(
+            self.typicalPeriods.min(axis=0) < self.timeSeries.min(axis=0)
+        ).any():
+            warning_list = self.typicalPeriods.min(axis=0) < self.timeSeries.min(axis=0)
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Something went wrong... At least one minimal value of the " + 
+                "aggregated time series exceeds the minimal value " + 
+                "the input time series for: " + 
+                "{}".format(list(warning_list[warning_list>0].index))
+            )
+        return self.typicalPeriods
+
+    def prepareEnersysInput(self):
+        """
+        Creates all dictionaries and lists which are required for the energy system
+        optimization input.
+        """
+        warnings.warn(
+            '"prepareEnersysInput" is deprecated, since the created attributes can be directly accessed as properties',
+            DeprecationWarning,
+        )
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def stepIdx(self):
+        """
+        Index inside a single cluster
+        """
+        if self.segmentation:
+            return [ix for ix in range(0, self.noSegments)]
+        else:
+            return [ix for ix in range(0, self.timeStepsPerPeriod)]
+
+    @property
+    def clusterPeriodIdx(self):
+        """
+        Index of the clustered periods
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "clusterOrder"):
+            self.createTypicalPeriods()
+        return np.sort(np.unique(self._clusterOrder))
+
+    @property
+    def clusterOrder(self):
+        """
+        The sequence/order of the typical period to represent 
+        the original time series
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
+            self.createTypicalPeriods()
+        return self._clusterOrder
+
+    @property
+    def clusterPeriodNoOccur(self):
+        """
+        How often does a typical period occur in the original time series
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "clusterOrder"):
+            self.createTypicalPeriods()
+        return self._clusterPeriodNoOccur
+
+    @property
+    def clusterPeriodDict(self):
+        """
+        Time series data for each period index as dictionary
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
+            self.createTypicalPeriods()
+        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterPeriodDict"):
+            self._clusterPeriodDict = {}
+            for column in self.typicalPeriods:
+                self._clusterPeriodDict[column] = self.typicalPeriods[column].to_dict()
+        return self._clusterPeriodDict
+
+    @property
+    def segmentDurationDict(self):
+        """
+        Segment duration in time steps for each period index as dictionary
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
+            self.createTypicalPeriods()
+        if not hasattr(self, "_segmentDurationDict"):
+            if self.segmentation:
+                self._segmentDurationDict = (
+                    self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.drop(
+                        self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.columns, axis=1
+                    )
+                    .reset_index(level=3, drop=True)
+                    .reset_index(2)
+                    .to_dict()
+                )
+            else:
+                self._segmentDurationDict = self.typicalPeriods.drop(
+                    self.typicalPeriods.columns, axis=1
+                )
+                self._segmentDurationDict["Segment Duration"] = 1
+                self._segmentDurationDict = self._segmentDurationDict.to_dict()
+                warnings.warn(
+                    "Segmentation is turned off. All segments are consistent the time steps."
+                )
+        return self._segmentDurationDict
+
+    def predictOriginalData(self):
+        """
+        Predicts the overall time series if every period would be placed in the
+        related cluster center
+
+        :returns: **predictedData** (pandas.DataFrame) -- DataFrame which has the same shape as the original one.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
+            self.createTypicalPeriods()
+
+        # list up typical periods according to their order of occurrence using the _clusterOrder.
+        new_data = []
+        for label in self._clusterOrder:
+            # if segmentation is used, use the segmented typical periods with predicted time steps with the same number
+            # of time steps as unsegmented typical periods
+            if self.segmentation:
+                new_data.append(
+                    self.predictedSegmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[label, :]
+                    .unstack()
+                    .values
+                )
+            else:
+                # new_data.append(self.clusterPeriods[label])
+                new_data.append(
+                    self.normalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[label, :].unstack().values
+                )
+
+        # back in matrix
+        clustered_data_df = pd.DataFrame(
+            new_data,
+            columns=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.columns,
+            index=self.normalizedPeriodlyProfiles.index,
+        )
+        clustered_data_df = clustered_data_df.stack(level="TimeStep")
+
+        # back in form
+        self.normalizedPredictedData = pd.DataFrame(
+            clustered_data_df.values[: len(self.timeSeries)],
+            index=self.timeSeries.index,
+            columns=self.timeSeries.columns,
+        )
+        # normalize again if sameMean = True to avoid doubled unnormalization when using _postProcessTimeSeries after
+        # createTypicalPeriods has been called
+        if self.sameMean:
+            self.normalizedPredictedData /= self._normalizedMean
+        self.predictedData = self._postProcessTimeSeries(
+            self.normalizedPredictedData, applyWeighting=False
+        )
+
+        return self.predictedData
+
+    def indexMatching(self):
+        """
+        Relates the index of the original time series with the indices
+        represented by the clusters
+
+        :returns: **timeStepMatching** (pandas.DataFrame) -- DataFrame which has the same shape as the original one.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_clusterOrder"):
+            self.createTypicalPeriods()
+
+        # create aggregated period and time step index lists
+        periodIndex = []
+        stepIndex = []
+        for label in self._clusterOrder:
+            for step in range(self.timeStepsPerPeriod):
+                periodIndex.append(label)
+                stepIndex.append(step)
+
+        # create a dataframe
+        timeStepMatching = pd.DataFrame(
+            [periodIndex, stepIndex],
+            index=["PeriodNum", "TimeStep"],
+            columns=self.timeIndex,
+        ).T
+
+        # if segmentation is chosen, append another column stating which
+        if self.segmentation:
+            segmentIndex = []
+            for label in self._clusterOrder:
+                segmentIndex.extend(
+                    np.repeat(
+                        self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[
+                            label, :
+                        ].index.get_level_values(0),
+                        self.segmentedNormalizedTypicalPeriods.loc[
+                            label, :
+                        ].index.get_level_values(1),
+                    ).values
+                )
+            timeStepMatching = pd.DataFrame(
+                [periodIndex, stepIndex, segmentIndex],
+                index=["PeriodNum", "TimeStep", "SegmentIndex"],
+                columns=self.timeIndex,
+            ).T
+
+        return timeStepMatching
+
+    def accuracyIndicators(self):
+        """
+        Compares the predicted data with the original time series.
+
+        :returns: **pd.DataFrame(indicatorRaw)** (pandas.DataFrame) -- Dataframe containing indicators evaluating the
+                    accuracy of the
+                    aggregation
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "predictedData"):
+            self.predictOriginalData()
+
+        indicatorRaw = {
+            "RMSE": {},
+            "RMSE_duration": {},
+            "MAE": {},
+        }  # 'Silhouette score':{},
+
+        for column in self.normalizedTimeSeries.columns:
+            if self.weightDict:
+                origTS = self.normalizedTimeSeries[column] / self.weightDict[column]
+            else:
+                origTS = self.normalizedTimeSeries[column]
+            predTS = self.normalizedPredictedData[column]
+            indicatorRaw["RMSE"][column] = np.sqrt(mean_squared_error(origTS, predTS))
+            indicatorRaw["RMSE_duration"][column] = np.sqrt(
+                mean_squared_error(
+                    origTS.sort_values(ascending=False).reset_index(drop=True),
+                    predTS.sort_values(ascending=False).reset_index(drop=True),
+                )
+            )
+            indicatorRaw["MAE"][column] = mean_absolute_error(origTS, predTS)
+
+        return pd.DataFrame(indicatorRaw)
+
+    def totalAccuracyIndicators(self):
+        """
+        Derives the accuracy indicators over all time series
+        """
+        return np.sqrt(self.accuracyIndicators().pow(2).sum()/len(self.normalizedTimeSeries.columns))