trueppm-api 0.4.0__py3-none-any.whl

trueppm_api/apps/notifications/services.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1489 @@
+"""Notification fan-out + mention parser (ADR-0075 §C, §D).
+
+Pure-function `parse_mentions` extracts `@user` and `@group` references from
+free-text comment bodies. Code-fence and inline-code aware so `@foo` inside
+triple-backtick blocks or single backticks is NOT treated as a mention.
+`\\@foo` is an explicit escape that renders the literal text.
+
+`create_mention_notifications` is the single transactional fan-out path:
+called from the comment viewset's `perform_create` (inside `transaction.
+on_commit` is NOT correct here — Notification rows must be visible to the
+caller in the same transaction so the API response can include the count).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import datetime
+import logging
+import re
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, NamedTuple
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo, ZoneInfoNotFoundError
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
+from django.db import transaction
+from django.db.models.functions import Lower
+from django.utils import timezone
+
+# django-stubs needs a real class for type annotations; get_user_model() returns
+# a runtime alias that mypy can't use in a type position. Import the concrete
+# User class for typing, keep get_user_model() result for runtime queries.
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from django.contrib.auth.models import User as UserType
+else:
+    UserType = get_user_model()
+
+from trueppm_api.apps.access.groups import (
+    ALL_AUTO_GROUP_KEYS,
+    GroupTooLargeError,
+    InvalidGroupKeyError,
+    resolve_group_members,
+)
+
+from .models import (
+    DEFAULT_PREFERENCES,
+    DND_BYPASS_EVENTS,
+    PROJECT_NOTIFICATION_DEFAULT_MATRIX,
+    Mention,
+    MentionScope,
+    Notification,
+    NotificationChannel,
+    NotificationEventType,
+    NotificationPreference,
+    ProjectNotificationChannel,
+    ProjectNotificationEventType,
+    ProjectNotificationPreference,
+    UserNotificationSettings,
+)
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import uuid
+    from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+
+    from trueppm_api.apps.access.models import ExternalStakeholder
+    from trueppm_api.apps.projects.models import TaskComment
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+User = get_user_model()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Email-drain nudge (#4191)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def drain_notification_emails_soon() -> None:
+    """Best-effort nudge the notification-email drain to run now, not next tick.
+
+    Only a latency optimization: the ``Notification`` row is the durable outbox
+    record and the 30 s Beat ``drain_notification_emails`` still sends it if the
+    broker drops this nudge, so broker errors are logged and swallowed. The drain
+    is the only sender and is serialized by a singleton lock — a nudged run that
+    finds a drain already running skips — so the nudge cannot cause a second send.
+    Call from ``transaction.on_commit``.
+    """
+    from .tasks import drain_notification_emails
+
+    try:
+        drain_notification_emails.delay()
+    except Exception:
+        logger.warning("broker unavailable; periodic drain_notification_emails will send")
+
+
+def _bulk_create_notifications(
+    notifications: list[Notification], *, batch_size: int | None = None
+) -> None:
+    """Insert fan-out rows and, when any queues an email, nudge the drain on commit.
+
+    Every email-queuing fan-out in this module goes through here so first-send
+    latency is seconds everywhere, not only on the paths someone remembered to
+    wire (#4191). Deferred to ``on_commit`` so a rolled-back write enqueues nothing
+    and the drain never runs before the rows it should send are visible.
+    """
+    Notification.objects.bulk_create(notifications, batch_size=batch_size)
+    if any(n.email_pending for n in notifications):
+        transaction.on_commit(drain_notification_emails_soon)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Mention parser
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class ParsedMention(NamedTuple):
+    """One extracted @reference. `kind` is 'user' or 'group'."""
+
+    kind: str  # "user" or "group"
+    value: str  # username or group key
+
+
+# Matches @{username-or-groupkey}. Username/key allows letters, digits,
+# underscore, hyphen, dot. Min 1 char. Word boundary required after.
+# A leading backslash escapes the @ (handled in the loop, not the regex).
+_MENTION_RE = re.compile(r"(?P<esc>\\?)@(?P<name>[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)")
+
+# Stripping strategy: replace fenced code blocks (```...```) and inline code
+# (`...`) with same-length placeholders so the regex's character offsets stay
+# consistent, then scan for mentions. We don't need to preserve original
+# content — only to mask out the regions where @ doesn't mean mention.
+_FENCE_RE = re.compile(r"```.*?```", re.DOTALL)
+_INLINE_CODE_RE = re.compile(r"`[^`]*`")
+
+
+def _mask_code_regions(body: str) -> str:
+    """Replace code spans with same-length spaces so @-mentions inside don't match."""
+
+    def _spaces(match: re.Match[str]) -> str:
+        return " " * (match.end() - match.start())
+
+    body = _FENCE_RE.sub(_spaces, body)
+    body = _INLINE_CODE_RE.sub(_spaces, body)
+    return body
+
+
+def parse_mentions(body: str) -> list[ParsedMention]:
+    """Extract distinct @mentions from a comment body.
+
+    - `@scrum-team`, `@program-pms`, and other auto-group keys (project +
+      program scope) are returned as `kind='group'`
+    - Anything else matching the @name pattern is returned as `kind='user'`
+    - `\\@name` is treated as escaped — not a mention
+    - `@name` inside ``` ``` ``` ``` fences or `single-backtick` code is NOT a mention
+    - Duplicates collapsed (one mention per distinct value, first-occurrence order)
+
+    User existence + project-membership check happens in
+    `create_mention_notifications`, not in the parser. The parser is pure.
+    """
+    masked = _mask_code_regions(body)
+    seen: set[tuple[str, str]] = set()
+    out: list[ParsedMention] = []
+
+    for match in _MENTION_RE.finditer(masked):
+        if match.group("esc"):  # escaped: \@name
+            continue
+        name = match.group("name")
+        kind = "group" if name.lower() in ALL_AUTO_GROUP_KEYS else "user"
+        key = (kind, name if kind == "user" else name.lower())
+        if key in seen:
+            continue
+        seen.add(key)
+        out.append(ParsedMention(kind=kind, value=key[1]))
+    return out
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Rate-limit constants (ADR-0075 locked constraints #8, #9)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MENTION_DAILY_LIMIT = 1000
+MENTION_HOURLY_BURST = 100
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Notification preference defaults
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def get_or_create_default_preferences(user: UserType) -> list[NotificationPreference]:
+    """Backfill NotificationPreference rows for a user using DEFAULT_PREFERENCES.
+
+    Idempotent: existing rows are left alone; only missing (event_type, channel)
+    pairs are inserted. Returns the user's full preference set.
+    """
+    with transaction.atomic():
+        existing = {
+            (pref.event_type, pref.channel): pref
+            for pref in NotificationPreference.objects.filter(user=user)
+        }
+        to_create = [
+            NotificationPreference(
+                user=user, event_type=event_type, channel=channel, enabled=enabled
+            )
+            for event_type, channel, enabled in DEFAULT_PREFERENCES
+            if (event_type, channel) not in existing
+        ]
+        if to_create:
+            NotificationPreference.objects.bulk_create(to_create)
+        return list(NotificationPreference.objects.filter(user=user))
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Project-scoped delivery gate (#674)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# Channels carrying a durable record rather than a transient ping. The in-app
+# inbox row *is* the notification — suppressing it during quiet hours would
+# lose the mention outright instead of deferring a ping, so quiet hours never
+# gate it (the matrix in_app cell still does). Every other channel is a transient
+# interrupt and IS silenced inside the window. Mirrors Slack and GitHub DND: the
+# record persists; only the interruption is held back.
+#
+# Today that means email, and only email: `slack` and `mobile_push` are matrix
+# columns with no delivery path (see PROJECT_NOTIFICATION_DELIVERABLE_CHANNELS),
+# so the gate below is written for them but has nothing to hold back. Naming them
+# as silenced channels would read as a claim that they otherwise deliver (#3378).
+_QUIET_HOURS_EXEMPT_CHANNELS = frozenset({ProjectNotificationChannel.IN_APP.value})
+
+# Channels account-wide Do-Not-Disturb (UserNotificationSettings.dnd_enabled)
+# silences. Same rationale as _QUIET_HOURS_EXEMPT_CHANNELS: the in-app inbox row
+# is the durable record and is NEVER silenced — DND holds back the interrupt, not
+# the record. The "in_app" string value is shared by NotificationChannel.IN_APP
+# and ProjectNotificationChannel.IN_APP, so this exemption is correct on both the
+# global event-sourced gate and the project-scoped gate.
+_DND_EXEMPT_CHANNELS = frozenset({NotificationChannel.IN_APP.value})
+
+
+def _workspace_timezone_name(workspace: Any = None) -> str:
+    """The singleton workspace's IANA timezone name, or ``""`` if unreadable.
+
+    Two ways to get ``""``, both meaning "no workspace tier — move down the chain":
+    there is no singleton row (a fresh install, or one purged per ADR-0174), or the
+    table is not reachable at all (mid-migration). This sits inside a notification
+    dispatch path, so neither may take the fan-out down with it.
+
+    Pass an already-loaded ``workspace`` to skip the query entirely — the same
+    threading idiom as ``scheduling.forecast_history_settings.resolve_effective_mc_history``,
+    which keeps a batched resolve at one workspace query rather than one per row.
+    """
+    if workspace is not None:
+        return str(getattr(workspace, "timezone", "") or "").strip()
+    from django.db import DatabaseError, transaction
+
+    from trueppm_api.apps.workspace.models import Workspace
+
+    try:
+        # Two deliberate choices here.
+        #
+        # A plain read, NOT ``Workspace.load()``: load() is a get_or_create, and a
+        # dispatch path must not write a row as a side effect of asking a question.
+        # No row simply means "no workspace tier" and the chain moves on.
+        #
+        # Wrapped in a savepoint: ATOMIC_REQUESTS wraps the whole request, so a
+        # DatabaseError swallowed without one would leave the outer atomic block
+        # marked for rollback and turn this clean degradation into a 500 that names
+        # some unrelated later query.
+        with transaction.atomic():
+            stored = (
+                Workspace.objects.filter(singleton_key=1).values_list("timezone", flat=True).first()
+            )
+    except DatabaseError:
+        # Narrow on purpose. The intended degradation is "the table isn't reachable"
+        # (fresh install, mid-migration). A bare ``except Exception`` would also
+        # swallow a genuine bug in this resolve and report it as "no workspace
+        # timezone set", which is indistinguishable from a correct empty answer.
+        logger.warning("Workspace timezone unreadable — falling back", exc_info=True)
+        return ""
+    return str(stored or "").strip()
+
+
+# Which tier of the quiet-hours timezone chain supplied the resolved zone. Returned
+# alongside the zone by :func:`resolve_quiet_hours_timezone` and surfaced read-only on
+# the per-project notification-preference endpoint, so "why was my 20:00 email held
+# back?" has a server-side answer instead of requiring the client to re-implement a
+# four-tier chain across three models (#3377).
+QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_PROJECT = "project"
+QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_WORKSPACE = "workspace"
+QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_SERVER = "server"
+QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_FALLBACK = "fallback"
+
+
+def resolve_quiet_hours_timezone(project: Any, *, workspace: Any = None) -> tuple[ZoneInfo, str]:
+    """Resolve the tz a project's quiet-hours window is interpreted in, and its tier.
+
+    Quiet hours are a *project* policy, not a per-viewer preference, so the window
+    anchors to the project's IANA timezone (``Project.timezone``, #520), falling back
+    to the workspace default (``Workspace.timezone``, #3377), then to the server's
+    ``settings.TIME_ZONE``, then to UTC.
+
+    Unparseable tz data at any tier **walks to the next tier** rather than jumping
+    straight to UTC (the pre-#3377 behavior): a workspace whose admin saved a bad zone
+    should still get the server default, not silently lose an hour boundary. Nothing
+    here raises — this sits inside a dispatch path, and a bad string must not take a
+    fan-out down.
+
+    This function is the **only** consumer of ``Workspace.timezone`` — see the comment
+    on that field. It is deliberately not a *display* timezone: an instant rendered to
+    a person is re-clocked from that person's own ``profiles.Profile.timezone``
+    (ADR-0410). Quiet hours cannot use that value because the window is one stored
+    range per project preference row, not a per-viewer rendering.
+
+    The workspace tier is read lazily — a project that sets its own usable timezone
+    never touches the workspace table. Pass ``workspace`` from a fan-out that has
+    already loaded the singleton so the resolve stays at one query per fan-out rather
+    than one per recipient.
+
+    Args:
+        project: The project whose quiet-hours window is being interpreted. May be
+            ``None`` (a deleted project mid-fan-out) — the chain simply starts lower.
+        workspace: Optional pre-loaded ``Workspace`` singleton.
+
+    Returns:
+        ``(zone, source)`` where ``source`` is one of ``QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_*``.
+    """
+    project_name = (getattr(project, "timezone", "") or "").strip()
+    if project_name:
+        try:
+            return ZoneInfo(project_name), QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_PROJECT
+        except (ZoneInfoNotFoundError, ValueError, OSError):
+            # Log every skipped tier: relocating someone's quiet-hours window to a
+            # different wall clock with no signal anywhere is the failure mode that
+            # is impossible to debug from the outside. Project.timezone predates any
+            # validator, so stored rows can still be unparseable.
+            logger.warning("Unparseable Project.timezone %r — trying the workspace", project_name)
+    workspace_name = _workspace_timezone_name(workspace)
+    if workspace_name:
+        try:
+            return ZoneInfo(workspace_name), QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_WORKSPACE
+        except (ZoneInfoNotFoundError, ValueError, OSError):
+            logger.warning(
+                "Unparseable Workspace.timezone %r — trying the server default", workspace_name
+            )
+    server_name = (settings.TIME_ZONE or "").strip()
+    if server_name:
+        try:
+            return ZoneInfo(server_name), QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_SERVER
+        except (ZoneInfoNotFoundError, ValueError, OSError):
+            logger.warning("Unparseable settings.TIME_ZONE %r — falling back to UTC", server_name)
+    return ZoneInfo("UTC"), QUIET_HOURS_TZ_SOURCE_FALLBACK
+
+
+def _project_timezone(project: Any, *, workspace: Any = None) -> ZoneInfo:
+    """The zone half of :func:`resolve_quiet_hours_timezone` — see it for the chain."""
+    return resolve_quiet_hours_timezone(project, workspace=workspace)[0]
+
+
+def _in_quiet_window(now_local: datetime.time, start: datetime.time, end: datetime.time) -> bool:
+    """True if ``now_local`` falls in the half-open ``[start, end)`` window.
+
+    Handles the wrap-past-midnight case (e.g. 22:00–07:00, where ``start > end``).
+    A zero-width window (``start == end``) means "no quiet hours".
+    """
+    if start == end:
+        return False
+    if start < end:
+        return start <= now_local < end
+    return now_local >= start or now_local < end
+
+
+def _matrix_cell(matrix: Any, event_type: str, channel: str) -> bool:
+    """Effective on/off for one ``(event_type, channel)`` cell.
+
+    Falls through to ``PROJECT_NOTIFICATION_DEFAULT_MATRIX`` whenever the stored
+    matrix omits the event type or channel, so a stale row that predates a newly
+    added event still routes correctly. Unknown keys resolve to ``False`` — a
+    safe default that also neutralizes any legacy garbage that escaped key
+    validation (#675).
+    """
+    if isinstance(matrix, dict):
+        row = matrix.get(event_type)
+        if isinstance(row, dict):
+            cell = row.get(channel)
+            if isinstance(cell, bool):
+                return cell
+    default_row = PROJECT_NOTIFICATION_DEFAULT_MATRIX.get(event_type, {})
+    return bool(default_row.get(channel, False))
+
+
+def _preference_allows(
+    pref: ProjectNotificationPreference,
+    *,
+    event_type: str,
+    channel: str,
+    now: datetime.datetime,
+    tz: ZoneInfo,
+) -> bool:
+    """Evaluate the delivery gate against an already-loaded preference row.
+
+    Pure (no DB access) so a fan-out can batch-load every recipient's row in one
+    query and evaluate each without an N+1 or a write-amplifying get_or_create.
+    An unsaved ``ProjectNotificationPreference()`` carries the model defaults, so
+    callers can pass a fresh instance for a recipient who has no row yet.
+    """
+    # Per-project kill-switch (#589) overrides the matrix entirely.
+    if pref.paused:
+        return False
+    if not _matrix_cell(pref.matrix, event_type, channel):
+        return False
+    if channel not in _QUIET_HOURS_EXEMPT_CHANNELS and pref.quiet_hours_enabled:
+        now_local = now.astimezone(tz).time()
+        if _in_quiet_window(now_local, pref.quiet_hours_from, pref.quiet_hours_until):
+            return False
+    return True
+
+
+def should_deliver(
+    user: Any,
+    project: Any,
+    event_type: str,
+    channel: str,
+    *,
+    now: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+    workspace: Any = None,
+) -> bool:
+    """Whether a project-scoped notification should be delivered to ``user``.
+
+    The routing source of truth for project notifications (#674). Loads — and
+    lazily creates — the user's :class:`ProjectNotificationPreference` row, then
+    applies, in order: the per-project pause kill-switch (#589), the matrix cell
+    (defaults overlaid for missing keys), and the quiet-hours window (transient
+    channels only — the in-app inbox is always recorded). ``now`` defaults to the
+    current time and is injectable for testing.
+
+    Call before sending at any project-scoped dispatch site. For a fan-out to
+    many recipients, batch-load rows and reuse :func:`_preference_allows` rather
+    than calling this once per recipient. If you must loop this instead, pass
+    ``workspace`` — otherwise every iteration re-reads the workspace singleton on
+    top of the per-recipient ``get_or_create``, turning one query per recipient
+    into two (#3377).
+    """
+    if now is None:
+        now = timezone.now()
+    pref, _ = ProjectNotificationPreference.objects.get_or_create(project=project, user=user)
+    return _preference_allows(
+        pref,
+        event_type=event_type,
+        channel=channel,
+        now=now,
+        tz=_project_timezone(project, workspace=workspace),
+    ) and _dnd_allows(user, event_type, channel)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Account-wide Do-Not-Disturb gate (#1707, ADR-0292)
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def get_or_create_notification_settings(user: Any) -> UserNotificationSettings:
+    """Return the user's account-wide notification settings, creating the row on
+    first access.
+
+    Mirrors :func:`get_or_create_default_preferences` — no backfill on user
+    create; the absence of a row reads as DND off. This is the authoritative
+    accessor used by the read/write endpoint and the single-user delivery gate.
+    ``user`` is typed ``Any`` to match the request-context accessors in this
+    module (``should_deliver`` / ``_get_or_create_pref``): the ``IsAuthenticated``
+    gate on the view guarantees a real ``User`` at runtime.
+    """
+    settings_row, _ = UserNotificationSettings.objects.get_or_create(user=user)
+    return settings_row
+
+
+def load_dnd_user_ids(user_ids: Any) -> set[Any]:
+    """Return the subset of ``user_ids`` that currently have DND enabled.
+
+    One query for a whole fan-out (no N+1, no write-amplifying get_or_create) —
+    a user with no settings row is simply absent from the result, which reads as
+    DND off. Pair with :func:`_dnd_silences` in a batch dispatch loop.
+    """
+    return set(
+        UserNotificationSettings.objects.filter(user_id__in=user_ids, dnd_enabled=True).values_list(
+            "user_id", flat=True
+        )
+    )
+
+
+def _dnd_silences(event_type: str, channel: str, *, dnd_enabled: bool) -> bool:
+    """Whether account-wide DND holds back this ``(event_type, channel)`` delivery.
+
+    Pure — takes the already-resolved DND flag so a batch fan-out can load the DND
+    set once (see :func:`load_dnd_user_ids`) and evaluate each recipient without a
+    query. DND silences ONLY transient channels (email/push) and ONLY for events
+    outside :data:`DND_BYPASS_EVENTS`; the in-app inbox row (``_DND_EXEMPT_CHANNELS``)
+    and the four bypass events always deliver — the safety contract is one
+    frozenset checked at one gate, so it cannot drift or swallow a blocker.
+    """
+    if not dnd_enabled:
+        return False
+    if channel in _DND_EXEMPT_CHANNELS:
+        return False
+    # A non-exempt (transient) channel under DND: silence it unless the event is
+    # on the always-through safety list.
+    return event_type not in DND_BYPASS_EVENTS
+
+
+def _dnd_allows(user: Any, event_type: str, channel: str) -> bool:
+    """Single-user DND gate for :func:`should_deliver`.
+
+    Resolves (and lazily creates) the caller's settings row, then delegates to the
+    pure :func:`_dnd_silences` predicate. For a fan-out to many recipients, use
+    :func:`load_dnd_user_ids` + :func:`_dnd_silences` instead of calling this per
+    recipient.
+    """
+    settings_row = get_or_create_notification_settings(user)
+    return not _dnd_silences(event_type, channel, dnd_enabled=settings_row.dnd_enabled)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Mention fan-out
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class MentionParseResult(NamedTuple):
+    """Result of resolving parsed mentions against project membership."""
+
+    user_targets: list[UserType]
+    group_targets: list[tuple[str, list[UserType]]]  # (group_key, members)
+    skipped_users: list[str]  # usernames that didn't resolve / not project members
+    skipped_groups: list[str]  # group keys that were unknown or too large
+    # Non-account external stakeholders reached by a resolved @program-stakeholders
+    # mention (#1658, ADR-0264). Additive and SEPARATE from group_targets — these
+    # rows have no User, so create_mention_notifications never writes Mention /
+    # Notification rows for them and no email is sent (delivery deferred to #1675).
+    # Default is a shared empty list, only ever read, never mutated in place — the
+    # NamedTuple is immutable and every producer builds a fresh list (RUF012 flags
+    # the mutable default, but the shared-mutation footgun does not apply here).
+    external_targets: list[ExternalStakeholder] = []  # noqa: RUF012
+
+
+def _load_project_udg_members(
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str, names_lower: list[str]
+) -> dict[str, list[UserType]]:
+    """Project-scoped user-defined mention groups (ADR-0212), keyed by lowercased name.
+
+    Members are snapshotted at write time and filtered to those still on the project.
+    """
+    from trueppm_api.apps.access.models import ProjectMembership, UserDefinedMentionGroup
+
+    active_member_ids = set(
+        ProjectMembership.objects.filter(project_id=project_id, is_deleted=False).values_list(
+            "user_id", flat=True
+        )
+    )
+    resolved: dict[str, list[UserType]] = {}
+    udg_groups = (
+        UserDefinedMentionGroup.objects.annotate(name_lower=Lower("name"))
+        .filter(project_id=project_id, name_lower__in=names_lower, is_deleted=False)
+        .prefetch_related("members")
+    )
+    for group in udg_groups:
+        resolved[group.name.lower()] = [
+            member for member in group.members.all() if member.pk in active_member_ids
+        ]
+    return resolved
+
+
+def _load_program_udg_members(
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str, names_lower: list[str]
+) -> dict[str, list[UserType]]:
+    """Program-scoped user-defined mention groups (ADR-0248, #516), keyed by lowercased name.
+
+    Returns empty for a standalone project (no program). Members are filtered to those
+    still on any project in the program.
+    """
+    from trueppm_api.apps.access.models import (
+        ProgramUserDefinedMentionGroup,
+        ProjectMembership,
+    )
+    from trueppm_api.apps.projects.models import Project
+
+    program_id = Project.objects.filter(pk=project_id).values_list("program_id", flat=True).first()
+    if program_id is None:
+        return {}
+    program_member_ids = set(
+        ProjectMembership.objects.filter(
+            project__program_id=program_id,
+            project__is_deleted=False,
+            is_deleted=False,
+        ).values_list("user_id", flat=True)
+    )
+    resolved: dict[str, list[UserType]] = {}
+    pudg_groups = (
+        ProgramUserDefinedMentionGroup.objects.annotate(name_lower=Lower("name"))
+        .filter(program_id=program_id, name_lower__in=names_lower, is_deleted=False)
+        .prefetch_related("members")
+    )
+    for pgroup in pudg_groups:
+        resolved[pgroup.name.lower()] = [
+            member for member in pgroup.members.all() if member.pk in program_member_ids
+        ]
+    return resolved
+
+
+def _resolve_udg_groups_by_lower(
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str, unresolved: list[str]
+) -> dict[str, list[UserType]]:
+    """Reinterpret non-member @names as user-defined groups (ADR-0212, ADR-0248).
+
+    Batch-resolved in one query set per scope (not per-token) to keep the synchronous
+    comment-create path off the N+1. Precedence is member → project group → program
+    group: a project group shadows a same-named program group, so only names still
+    unresolved after the project step fall through to the program step.
+    """
+    groups_by_lower = _load_project_udg_members(project_id, [name.lower() for name in unresolved])
+    still_unresolved = [name for name in unresolved if name.lower() not in groups_by_lower]
+    if still_unresolved:
+        program_groups = _load_program_udg_members(
+            project_id, [name.lower() for name in still_unresolved]
+        )
+        for key, members in program_groups.items():
+            groups_by_lower[key] = members
+    return groups_by_lower
+
+
+def _resolve_user_mentions(
+    parsed: Sequence[ParsedMention], project_id: uuid.UUID | str
+) -> tuple[list[UserType], list[tuple[str, list[UserType]]], list[str]]:
+    """Resolve @user tokens to project members, user-defined groups, or skipped names.
+
+    A real project member always wins on an exact name collision; a non-member name is
+    promoted to a user-defined group target when one exists (see
+    :func:`_resolve_udg_groups_by_lower`), else recorded in ``skipped_users``.
+    """
+    from trueppm_api.apps.access.models import ProjectMembership
+
+    user_targets: list[UserType] = []
+    group_targets: list[tuple[str, list[UserType]]] = []
+    skipped_users: list[str] = []
+
+    requested_usernames = [m.value for m in parsed if m.kind == "user"]
+    if not requested_usernames:
+        return user_targets, group_targets, skipped_users
+
+    member_users = list(
+        User.objects.filter(
+            username__in=requested_usernames,
+            pk__in=ProjectMembership.objects.filter(
+                project_id=project_id, is_deleted=False
+            ).values_list("user_id", flat=True),
+        )
+    )
+    resolved_by_name = {u.username: u for u in member_users}
+    unresolved = [name for name in requested_usernames if name not in resolved_by_name]
+    groups_by_lower = _resolve_udg_groups_by_lower(project_id, unresolved) if unresolved else {}
+    for name in requested_usernames:
+        if name in resolved_by_name:
+            user_targets.append(resolved_by_name[name])
+        elif name.lower() in groups_by_lower:
+            group_targets.append((name.lower(), groups_by_lower[name.lower()]))
+        else:
+            skipped_users.append(name)
+    return user_targets, group_targets, skipped_users
+
+
+def _resolve_group_mentions(
+    parsed: Sequence[ParsedMention],
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str,
+    actor_role: int | None,
+) -> tuple[list[tuple[str, list[UserType]]], list[str]]:
+    """Resolve @group tokens via ``resolve_group_members``.
+
+    ``@all`` / ``@program-all`` are unbounded fan-outs and require actor_role >= ADMIN
+    (ADR-0075 locked constraint #2); unknown or oversized groups land in
+    ``skipped_groups`` with a structured marker.
+    """
+    from trueppm_api.apps.access.models import Role
+
+    group_targets: list[tuple[str, list[UserType]]] = []
+    skipped_groups: list[str] = []
+    for m in parsed:
+        if m.kind != "group":
+            continue
+        key = m.value
+        if key in ("all", "program-all") and (actor_role is None or actor_role < Role.ADMIN):
+            skipped_groups.append(key)
+            continue
+        try:
+            member_ids = resolve_group_members(project_id, key)
+        except (InvalidGroupKeyError, GroupTooLargeError):
+            skipped_groups.append(key)
+            continue
+        # resolve_group_members annotates its result list[UUID], but the `pk`
+        # lookup is typed Iterable[str|int] under django-stubs; stringify so the
+        # ids satisfy the lookup type (Django coerces them back to the User pk).
+        members = list(User.objects.filter(pk__in=[str(uid) for uid in member_ids]))
+        group_targets.append((key, members))
+    return group_targets, skipped_groups
+
+
+def resolve_parsed_mentions(
+    parsed: Sequence[ParsedMention],
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str,
+    *,
+    actor_role: int | None = None,
+) -> MentionParseResult:
+    """Turn parser output into validated, project-scoped resolution.
+
+    - User mentions are filtered to current project members; non-members go to
+      `skipped_users` so the caller can surface a structured 400.
+    - A `@name` that resolves to neither a member nor an auto-group key
+      is reinterpreted as a **user-defined group** (ADR-0212, #515):
+      the parser is pure and cannot know a name is a group, so this project-aware
+      step promotes it to a group target when a live
+      `UserDefinedMentionGroup` with that name exists in the project. A real
+      member always wins on an exact name collision.
+    - Group mentions go through `resolve_group_members`; `@all` and
+      `@program-all` require actor_role >= ADMIN (ADR-0075 locked constraint
+      #2). Oversized groups land in `skipped_groups` with a structured marker.
+    """
+    user_targets, user_group_targets, skipped_users = _resolve_user_mentions(parsed, project_id)
+    auto_group_targets, skipped_groups = _resolve_group_mentions(parsed, project_id, actor_role)
+    # User-token-resolved groups precede auto-groups, preserving the original
+    # single-list append order (user block first, then the @group loop).
+    group_targets = user_group_targets + auto_group_targets
+
+    # External stakeholders (#1658, ADR-0264) are the non-account arm of a resolved
+    # @program-stakeholders mention. Resolve them ONLY when that group actually
+    # resolved (it is present in group_targets — a standalone project skips it), and
+    # keep them on a distinct field: they have no User account, so they are never
+    # unioned into the User-keyed group_targets and never produce Notification rows.
+    external_targets: list[ExternalStakeholder] = []
+    if any(group_key == "program-stakeholders" for group_key, _ in group_targets):
+        from trueppm_api.apps.access.groups import resolve_external_stakeholders
+
+        external_targets = resolve_external_stakeholders(project_id)
+
+    return MentionParseResult(
+        user_targets=user_targets,
+        group_targets=group_targets,
+        skipped_users=skipped_users,
+        skipped_groups=skipped_groups,
+        external_targets=external_targets,
+    )
+
+
+def _build_mention_rows(
+    *,
+    task_comment: TaskComment,
+    mentioner: UserType,
+    parsed_result: MentionParseResult,
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str,
+    scope: MentionScope,
+) -> tuple[list[Mention], dict[str, list[UserType]]]:
+    """Build the unsaved Mention rows and the per-group member index.
+
+    One Mention row per direct user, then one per group (preserving "@scrum-team was
+    mentioned" semantics); the returned index maps each group key to its members for
+    the later per-member fan-out. Order matches the original append sequence: direct
+    user mentions first, group mentions second.
+    """
+    mentions: list[Mention] = []
+    for user in parsed_result.user_targets:
+        mentions.append(
+            Mention(
+                mentioner=mentioner,
+                mentioned_user=user,
+                task_comment=task_comment,
+                project_id=project_id,
+                scope=scope,
+            )
+        )
+    group_member_index: dict[str, list[UserType]] = {}
+    for group_key, members in parsed_result.group_targets:
+        mentions.append(
+            Mention(
+                mentioner=mentioner,
+                mentioned_group_key=group_key,
+                task_comment=task_comment,
+                project_id=project_id,
+                scope=scope,
+            )
+        )
+        group_member_index[group_key] = members
+    return mentions, group_member_index
+
+
+def _load_udg_email_settings(
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str, mentioned_group_keys: list[str]
+) -> tuple[dict[str, bool], set[tuple[int | str, str]]]:
+    """Load per-group email defaults and mute sets for mentioned user-defined groups.
+
+    User-defined group routing (ADR-0212 §5). Auto-group keys (@admins, @scrum-team, …)
+    simply don't match and keep their existing global-toggle behavior. The returned
+    ``udg_email_default`` maps a lowercased group name to its manager-set email default;
+    ``udg_mutes`` is the set of ``(user_id, group_name)`` pairs whose owner muted that
+    group. Keys in ``mentioned_group_keys`` are lowercased (see resolve_parsed_mentions),
+    so match on ``Lower(name)`` — group names are case-insensitive mention keys even
+    though the display name preserves the manager's casing.
+
+    Program-scoped user-defined groups (ADR-0248, #516) load first so a same-named
+    project group overwrites the email default (project wins, matching the resolution
+    precedence). Mutes union across scopes — a member who muted either same-named group
+    is defensively suppressed (a negligible, documented name-collision case).
+    """
+    udg_email_default: dict[str, bool] = {}
+    udg_mutes: set[tuple[int | str, str]] = set()
+    if not mentioned_group_keys:
+        return udg_email_default, udg_mutes
+
+    from trueppm_api.apps.access.models import (
+        ProgramUserDefinedMentionGroup,
+        UserDefinedMentionGroup,
+    )
+    from trueppm_api.apps.projects.models import Project
+
+    program_id = Project.objects.filter(pk=project_id).values_list("program_id", flat=True).first()
+    if program_id is not None:
+        pudg_groups = (
+            ProgramUserDefinedMentionGroup.objects.annotate(name_lower=Lower("name"))
+            .filter(program_id=program_id, name_lower__in=mentioned_group_keys, is_deleted=False)
+            .prefetch_related("muted_by")
+        )
+        for pgroup in pudg_groups:
+            key = pgroup.name.lower()
+            udg_email_default[key] = pgroup.email_default_on
+            for muter in pgroup.muted_by.all():
+                udg_mutes.add((muter.pk, key))
+    udg_groups = (
+        UserDefinedMentionGroup.objects.annotate(name_lower=Lower("name"))
+        .filter(project_id=project_id, name_lower__in=mentioned_group_keys, is_deleted=False)
+        .prefetch_related("muted_by")
+    )
+    for group in udg_groups:
+        key = group.name.lower()
+        udg_email_default[key] = group.email_default_on
+        for muter in group.muted_by.all():
+            udg_mutes.add((muter.pk, key))
+    return udg_email_default, udg_mutes
+
+
+def _add_group_recipients(
+    recipients: dict[int | str, Mention],
+    group_mention: Mention,
+    members: list[UserType],
+    udg_mutes: set[tuple[int | str, str]],
+    mentioner_pk: int | str,
+) -> None:
+    """Fan a group mention out to its members, mutating ``recipients`` in place.
+
+    Skips the mentioner (don't ping yourself) and any member who muted THIS
+    user-defined group (ADR-0212); ``setdefault`` means a member already claimed by a
+    direct @mention or an earlier un-muted group is left untouched.
+    """
+    group_key = group_mention.mentioned_group_key
+    for member in members:
+        if member.pk == mentioner_pk:
+            continue
+        if (member.pk, group_key) in udg_mutes:
+            continue
+        recipients.setdefault(member.pk, group_mention)
+
+
+def _resolve_mention_recipients(
+    mentions: list[Mention],
+    group_member_index: dict[str, list[UserType]],
+    udg_mutes: set[tuple[int | str, str]],
+    mentioner: UserType,
+) -> dict[int | str, Mention]:
+    """Dedup mentions to one source Mention per recipient.
+
+    A user mentioned directly AND via a group gets one notification; the direct-mention
+    row wins (overwriting a prior group-source entry) so the UI shows "@you". Per-group
+    mutes (ADR-0212) drop a member for the muting group only — they may still be added
+    by a different, un-muted group. The mentioner is never notified.
+    """
+    recipients: dict[int | str, Mention] = {}
+    for mention in mentions:
+        if mention.mentioned_user_id:
+            recipients[mention.mentioned_user_id] = mention
+    for mention in mentions:
+        if mention.mentioned_group_key:
+            _add_group_recipients(
+                recipients,
+                mention,
+                group_member_index[mention.mentioned_group_key],
+                udg_mutes,
+                mentioner.pk,
+            )
+    # Drop the mentioner from direct mentions too (don't ping yourself)
+    recipients.pop(mentioner.pk, None)
+    return recipients
+
+
+class _MentionRoutingContext(NamedTuple):
+    """Batch-loaded, per-fan-out routing state for mention notification delivery."""
+
+    project_tz: ZoneInfo
+    project_prefs: dict[int | str, ProjectNotificationPreference]
+    global_email: dict[int | str, dict[str, bool]]
+    source_project_member_ids: set[Any]
+    dnd_user_ids: set[Any]
+
+
+def _load_mention_routing_context(
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str, recipient_ids: list[int | str]
+) -> _MentionRoutingContext:
+    """Batch-load the per-recipient routing state in a fixed number of queries.
+
+    - Project timezone + each recipient's ProjectNotificationPreference row (#674):
+      evaluated per recipient without an N+1; a recipient with no row evaluates against
+      an unsaved instance carrying the model defaults (subsumes the #589 pause check).
+    - Global per-user mention email preference (#311): a mention emails only when BOTH
+      the project matrix and this global toggle allow it.
+    - Source-project membership set (cross-project email read boundary, ADR-0248 §5 /
+      ADR-0240 §5): the email render path embeds the raw comment body, so email is
+      suppressed for any recipient not a current member of the source project; they
+      still get the redacted in-app row.
+    - Account-wide DND set (#1707): a mention is not a bypass event, so DND silences its
+      email while the durable in-app inbox row still lands.
+    """
+    from trueppm_api.apps.access.models import ProjectMembership
+    from trueppm_api.apps.projects.models import Project
+
+    project = Project.objects.filter(pk=project_id).only("timezone").first()
+    project_tz = _project_timezone(project)
+    project_prefs: dict[int | str, ProjectNotificationPreference] = {
+        proj_pref.user_id: proj_pref
+        for proj_pref in ProjectNotificationPreference.objects.filter(
+            project_id=project_id, user_id__in=recipient_ids
+        )
+    }
+    global_email: dict[int | str, dict[str, bool]] = {}
+    for global_pref in NotificationPreference.objects.filter(
+        user_id__in=recipient_ids, channel=NotificationChannel.EMAIL
+    ):
+        global_email.setdefault(global_pref.user_id, {})[global_pref.event_type] = (
+            global_pref.enabled
+        )
+    source_project_member_ids = set(
+        ProjectMembership.objects.filter(
+            project_id=project_id, is_deleted=False, user_id__in=recipient_ids
+        ).values_list("user_id", flat=True)
+    )
+    dnd_user_ids = load_dnd_user_ids(recipient_ids)
+    return _MentionRoutingContext(
+        project_tz=project_tz,
+        project_prefs=project_prefs,
+        global_email=global_email,
+        source_project_member_ids=source_project_member_ids,
+        dnd_user_ids=dnd_user_ids,
+    )
+
+
+def _build_mention_notification(
+    *,
+    user_id: int | str,
+    source_mention: Mention,
+    context: _MentionRoutingContext,
+    udg_email_default: dict[str, bool],
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str,
+    now: datetime.datetime,
+) -> Notification | None:
+    """Build one recipient's Notification row, or None if the in-app gate blocks it.
+
+    The in-app inbox row is matrix-gated only; quiet hours never drop the durable record
+    (see _QUIET_HOURS_EXEMPT_CHANNELS). The email gate layers the project matrix
+    (comment_mention/email) + quiet hours with the per-source opt-in:
+      - user-defined group (ADR-0212 §5): the group manager's per-group email default is
+        the self-contained opt-in — a mute already removed the recipient from the in-app
+        gate above, so reaching here means un-muted; email follows the group default.
+      - direct mention / auto-group: the existing global per-user toggle (#311) —
+        MENTION_INDIVIDUAL / MENTION_GROUP — governs, default OFF.
+    then the cross-project read boundary and account-wide DND (#1707).
+    """
+    event_type_project = ProjectNotificationEventType.COMMENT_MENTION.value
+    pref = context.project_prefs.get(user_id) or ProjectNotificationPreference()
+    if not _preference_allows(
+        pref,
+        event_type=event_type_project,
+        channel=ProjectNotificationChannel.IN_APP.value,
+        now=now,
+        tz=context.project_tz,
+    ):
+        return None
+    global_event = (
+        NotificationEventType.MENTION_INDIVIDUAL.value
+        if source_mention.mentioned_user_id
+        else NotificationEventType.MENTION_GROUP.value
+    )
+    source_group_key = source_mention.mentioned_group_key
+    if source_group_key and source_group_key in udg_email_default:
+        per_user_opt_in = udg_email_default[source_group_key]
+    else:
+        per_user_opt_in = context.global_email.get(user_id, {}).get(global_event, False)
+    email_pending = (
+        _preference_allows(
+            pref,
+            event_type=event_type_project,
+            channel=ProjectNotificationChannel.EMAIL.value,
+            now=now,
+            tz=context.project_tz,
+        )
+        and per_user_opt_in
+        and user_id in context.source_project_member_ids
+        and not _dnd_silences(
+            global_event,
+            ProjectNotificationChannel.EMAIL.value,
+            dnd_enabled=user_id in context.dnd_user_ids,
+        )
+    )
+    return Notification(
+        recipient_id=user_id,
+        mention=source_mention,
+        project_id=project_id,
+        email_pending=email_pending,
+    )
+
+
+def create_mention_notifications(
+    *,
+    task_comment: TaskComment,
+    mentioner: UserType,
+    parsed_result: MentionParseResult,
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str,
+    scope: MentionScope = MentionScope.PROJECT_VISIBLE,
+    now: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+) -> int:
+    """Create Mention + Notification rows from a parsed comment.
+
+    Returns the number of Notification rows created. Direct mentions and
+    group members are deduplicated per-recipient (one user mentioned both
+    directly and via @scrum-team gets one Notification, not two).
+
+    Each recipient is gated by their ProjectNotificationPreference for the
+    `comment_mention` event (#674): the in-app row is created only if the matrix
+    `in_app` cell is on, and `email_pending` is set only if the matrix `email`
+    cell is on AND outside quiet hours AND the user's global mention email
+    preference is on. `now` is injectable so quiet-hours behavior is testable.
+
+    All writes happen in the caller's transaction — the response can include
+    the count immediately. Email delivery is best-effort via `email_pending`
+    + the `drain_notification_emails` task (not this function), nudged on commit.
+    """
+    if now is None:
+        now = timezone.now()
+
+    mentions, group_member_index = _build_mention_rows(
+        task_comment=task_comment,
+        mentioner=mentioner,
+        parsed_result=parsed_result,
+        project_id=project_id,
+        scope=scope,
+    )
+    udg_email_default, udg_mutes = _load_udg_email_settings(
+        project_id, list(group_member_index.keys())
+    )
+
+    if not mentions:
+        return 0
+
+    Mention.objects.bulk_create(mentions)
+
+    recipients = _resolve_mention_recipients(mentions, group_member_index, udg_mutes, mentioner)
+    if not recipients:
+        return 0
+
+    context = _load_mention_routing_context(project_id, list(recipients.keys()))
+
+    notifications: list[Notification] = []
+    for user_id, source_mention in recipients.items():
+        notification = _build_mention_notification(
+            user_id=user_id,
+            source_mention=source_mention,
+            context=context,
+            udg_email_default=udg_email_default,
+            project_id=project_id,
+            now=now,
+        )
+        if notification is not None:
+            notifications.append(notification)
+    if not notifications:
+        return 0
+    _bulk_create_notifications(notifications)
+    return len(notifications)
+
+
+def _build_event_notification_gate(
+    event_type: str, unique_ids: set[int | str]
+) -> tuple[Callable[[int | str, str], bool], set[Any]]:
+    """Per-recipient (event_type, channel) gating shared by every
+    ``create_event_notifications*`` fan-out: one ``NotificationPreference``
+    query plus one DND lookup over the unique recipient set, regardless of how
+    many rows or projects the caller is about to write.
+
+    Returns the ``_allows(user_id, channel)`` predicate (stored preference,
+    falling back to ``DEFAULT_PREFERENCES``) and the set of recipients with
+    account-wide DND enabled (#1707), for the caller to pass to
+    ``_dnd_silences`` per row.
+    """
+    defaults = {(et, ch): enabled for et, ch, enabled in DEFAULT_PREFERENCES}
+    stored: dict[int | str, dict[str, bool]] = {}
+    for pref in NotificationPreference.objects.filter(
+        user_id__in=unique_ids, event_type=event_type
+    ):
+        stored.setdefault(pref.user_id, {})[pref.channel] = pref.enabled
+
+    def _allows(user_id: int | str, channel: str) -> bool:
+        per_user = stored.get(user_id, {})
+        if channel in per_user:
+            return per_user[channel]
+        return defaults.get((event_type, channel), False)
+
+    # Account-wide DND (#1707) silences email for non-bypass events. Loaded once
+    # over the recipient set; the in-app inbox row below is never gated by DND.
+    dnd_user_ids = load_dnd_user_ids(unique_ids)
+    return _allows, dnd_user_ids
+
+
+def create_event_notifications(
+    *,
+    event_type: str,
+    recipient_ids: Sequence[int | str | None],
+    subject: str,
+    body: str,
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str | None,
+    task_id: uuid.UUID | str | None = None,
+) -> int:
+    """Create event-sourced Notification rows for an own-task event (#639).
+
+    Gated by each recipient's **global** ``NotificationPreference`` for
+    ``(event_type, channel)`` — the per-user toggles on the User → Settings →
+    Notifications page — falling back to ``DEFAULT_PREFERENCES`` for users who
+    have never visited that page (no stored rows). Mirrors the mention path's
+    coupling (ADR-0085 §4): the in-app inbox row is the durable record, created
+    only when ``in_app`` is enabled; ``email_pending`` is set additionally when
+    ``email`` is enabled (default OFF — Priya's VoC blocker). A recipient who has
+    turned ``in_app`` off for this event opts out of both channels.
+
+    The ``subject``/``body`` are rendered by the caller at dispatch time and
+    frozen onto each row, so the drain can send the email without re-deriving it
+    from a (possibly later-mutated or deleted) source object.
+
+    Args:
+        event_type: A ``NotificationEventType`` value (e.g. ``"task.assigned"``).
+        recipient_ids: User PKs to notify; ``None`` and duplicates are dropped,
+            so callers may pass the actor without special-casing.
+        subject: Pre-rendered email subject line.
+        body: Pre-rendered plain-text email body.
+        project_id: The project the event occurred on (scopes the inbox row).
+            ``None`` only for account-scoped rows that genuinely have no owning
+            project — the ADR-0663 scheduled digests, which span the recipient's
+            whole membership set. Every event- and mention-sourced caller passes a
+            real project.
+        task_id: Optional deep-link target — the task/milestone the inbox row
+            should link to (#497/#861). ``None`` for events with no task anchor.
+
+    Returns:
+        The number of Notification rows created.
+    """
+    unique_ids = {rid for rid in recipient_ids if rid is not None}
+    if not unique_ids:
+        return 0
+
+    _allows, dnd_user_ids = _build_event_notification_gate(event_type, unique_ids)
+
+    notifications: list[Notification] = []
+    for user_id in unique_ids:
+        if not _allows(user_id, NotificationChannel.IN_APP.value):
+            continue
+        notifications.append(
+            Notification(
+                recipient_id=user_id,
+                event_type=event_type,
+                subject=subject,
+                body=body,
+                project_id=project_id,
+                task_id=task_id,
+                email_pending=_allows(user_id, NotificationChannel.EMAIL.value)
+                and not _dnd_silences(
+                    event_type,
+                    NotificationChannel.EMAIL.value,
+                    dnd_enabled=user_id in dnd_user_ids,
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    if not notifications:
+        return 0
+    _bulk_create_notifications(notifications)
+    return len(notifications)
+
+
+#: Rows per INSERT for the event fan-outs below.
+#:
+#: ``Notification`` carries 17 concrete columns, so a single unbounded
+#: ``bulk_create`` crosses Postgres's 65535 bind-parameter ceiling at ~3,850 rows and
+#: raises. That was unreachable while every fan-out was scoped to one project's
+#: recipients; batching a program-matrix apply across up to ``MAX_BULK_TARGETS``
+#: projects into one call makes it reachable, and the emit's ``except Exception``
+#: would swallow the failure whole and drop every notice silently (#3335).
+NOTIFICATION_BULK_BATCH_SIZE = 500
+
+
+def create_event_notifications_batch(
+    *,
+    event_type: str,
+    project_id: uuid.UUID | str,
+    rows: Sequence[tuple[int | str | None, str, str, uuid.UUID | str | None]],
+) -> int:
+    """Create per-recipient event Notification rows for a batch of
+    ``(recipient_id, subject, body, task_id)`` tuples in ONE preference lookup
+    and one ``bulk_create``.
+
+    Same gating as ``create_event_notifications`` — each row is written only when
+    the recipient's ``NotificationPreference`` (falling back to
+    ``DEFAULT_PREFERENCES``) enables ``in_app`` for ``event_type``, and
+    ``email_pending`` is set when ``email`` is enabled. Use this instead of
+    calling ``create_event_notifications`` in a loop when one event fans out to
+    many recipients with a *different* per-row subject/body/deep-link (e.g.
+    sprint-close carryover, ADR-0232 #1470): a loop would issue one preference
+    query and one insert *per row* — and repeat the identical query for a
+    recipient who appears more than once — whereas this collapses to a single
+    ``NotificationPreference`` query over the unique recipient set plus one
+    ``bulk_create``.
+
+    Args:
+        event_type: A ``NotificationEventType`` value.
+        project_id: The project the event occurred on (scopes every row).
+        rows: ``(recipient_id, subject, body, task_id)`` tuples. ``None``
+            recipients are skipped; ``task_id`` may be ``None`` for a row with no
+            single task anchor (e.g. a multi-task summary).
+
+    Every row lands on the same ``project_id``. When one dispatch spans several
+    projects, call :func:`create_event_notifications_multi_project` — which this
+    delegates to — rather than looping this one, or the preference scan, the DND
+    scan and the insert all repeat per project.
+
+    Returns:
+        The number of Notification rows created.
+    """
+    return create_event_notifications_multi_project(
+        event_type=event_type,
+        rows=[(row[0], project_id, row[1], row[2], row[3]) for row in rows],
+    )
+
+
+def create_event_notifications_multi_project(
+    *,
+    event_type: str,
+    rows: Sequence[
+        tuple[int | str | None, uuid.UUID | str | None, str, str, uuid.UUID | str | None]
+    ],
+) -> int:
+    """Create per-recipient event Notification rows spanning **many** projects in
+    one preference lookup, one DND lookup and one ``bulk_create``.
+
+    The project-spanning form of :func:`create_event_notifications_batch`, which
+    delegates here: ``Notification`` already carries ``project_id`` per row, so a
+    fan-out over a batch of projects has no reason to issue one insert (and one
+    preference scan, and one DND scan) per project. The program settings matrix
+    applies one field map to as many as ``MAX_BULK_TARGETS`` projects and emits a
+    surface notice for each; looping the single-project form there cost three
+    queries per project for no gain (#3335).
+
+    Gating is identical and per **recipient**, not per project — the
+    ``NotificationPreference`` matrix and account-wide DND are account-scoped, so
+    one lookup over the union of recipients answers every row.
+
+    Args:
+        event_type: A ``NotificationEventType`` value.
+        rows: ``(recipient_id, project_id, subject, body, task_id)`` tuples.
+            ``None`` recipients are skipped; ``task_id`` may be ``None`` for a row
+            with no single task anchor.
+
+    Returns:
+        The number of Notification rows created.
+    """
+    unique_ids = {row[0] for row in rows if row[0] is not None}
+    if not unique_ids:
+        return 0
+
+    _allows, dnd_user_ids = _build_event_notification_gate(event_type, unique_ids)
+
+    notifications: list[Notification] = []
+    for recipient_id, project_id, subject, body, task_id in rows:
+        if recipient_id is None or not _allows(recipient_id, NotificationChannel.IN_APP.value):
+            continue
+        notifications.append(
+            Notification(
+                recipient_id=recipient_id,
+                event_type=event_type,
+                subject=subject,
+                body=body,
+                project_id=project_id,
+                task_id=task_id,
+                email_pending=_allows(recipient_id, NotificationChannel.EMAIL.value)
+                and not _dnd_silences(
+                    event_type,
+                    NotificationChannel.EMAIL.value,
+                    dnd_enabled=recipient_id in dnd_user_ids,
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    if not notifications:
+        return 0
+    _bulk_create_notifications(notifications, batch_size=NOTIFICATION_BULK_BATCH_SIZE)
+    return len(notifications)
+
+
+# Default per-board stale threshold, mirrored on Project.stale_task_threshold_days
+# so a Project that predates the field (or has it cleared) still gets a sane cutoff.
+DEFAULT_STALE_TASK_THRESHOLD_DAYS = 7
+
+
+def _stale_pref_allows(
+    stored: dict[Any, dict[str, bool]],
+    defaults: dict[tuple[str, str], bool],
+    event: str,
+    user_id: Any,
+    channel: str,
+) -> bool:
+    """Resolve one (user, channel) delivery decision against stored prefs + defaults.
+
+    A module-level helper (not a closure) so it does not capture the per-project loop
+    variables in :func:`create_stale_task_notifications` — same fall-back semantics as
+    :func:`create_event_notifications`: stored preference wins, else the default.
+    """
+    per_user = stored.get(user_id, {})
+    if channel in per_user:
+        return per_user[channel]
+    return defaults.get((event, channel), False)
+
+
+def _build_stale_notification_rows(
+    *,
+    candidates: list[tuple[Any, str, Any]],
+    already_notified: set[tuple[Any, Any]],
+    stored: dict[Any, dict[str, bool]],
+    defaults: dict[tuple[str, str], bool],
+    event: str,
+    dnd_user_ids: set[Any],
+    threshold: int,
+    project_id: Any,
+) -> list[Notification]:
+    """Build the unsaved stale-task Notification rows for one project.
+
+    Extracted from :func:`create_stale_task_notifications` so the per-project driver
+    loop stays flat; this owns the per-candidate skip/allow filtering and message
+    construction. Skips any ``(assignee, task)`` already carrying an unread nudge and
+    any assignee whose in-app preference is off — identical semantics to the inline
+    loop it replaces.
+    """
+    rows: list[Notification] = []
+    for task_id, name, assignee_id in candidates:
+        if (assignee_id, task_id) in already_notified:
+            continue
+        if not _stale_pref_allows(
+            stored, defaults, event, assignee_id, NotificationChannel.IN_APP.value
+        ):
+            continue
+        # Task.name is CharField(max_length=512) but Notification.subject is
+        # max_length=255. bulk_create bypasses field validation, so an over-long
+        # name would raise a Postgres DataError and abort the whole nightly scan
+        # (this project and every later one). Truncate the name used in the
+        # subject well under the limit, mirroring _sanitize_snippet's bounding.
+        display_name = name if len(name) <= 200 else name[:200].rstrip() + "…"
+        subject = f'"{display_name}" has gone stale'
+        body = (
+            f'Your task "{display_name}" has sat in the same status for more than '
+            f"{threshold} days. If it is still active, move it forward; "
+            f"otherwise update its status so the board reflects reality."
+        )
+        rows.append(
+            Notification(
+                recipient_id=assignee_id,
+                event_type=event,
+                subject=subject,
+                body=body,
+                project_id=project_id,
+                task_id=task_id,
+                email_pending=_stale_pref_allows(
+                    stored, defaults, event, assignee_id, NotificationChannel.EMAIL.value
+                )
+                and not _dnd_silences(
+                    event,
+                    NotificationChannel.EMAIL.value,
+                    dnd_enabled=assignee_id in dnd_user_ids,
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+    return rows
+
+
+def create_stale_task_notifications(
+    *,
+    now: datetime.datetime | None = None,
+) -> int:
+    """Scan every project for stale non-terminal tasks and nudge their assignees.
+
+    ADR-0200. A task is *stale* when it has sat in its current status for more than
+    the owning project's ``stale_task_threshold_days`` (default 7) and that status is
+    non-terminal — every ``TaskStatus`` except ``COMPLETE``. Staleness is defined by
+    *status column*, not ``percent_complete``: a card in ``REVIEW`` coerces
+    ``percent_complete`` to 100 (it is functionally done, pending sign-off) yet is the
+    flagship "task I forgot in Review" case, so it must stay in scope. The threshold is
+    per-project, so the cutoff is evaluated one project at a time.
+
+    Only the task's **assignee** is notified — an unassigned card has no single owner
+    to nudge (those are surfaced by the board-card chip instead). Delivery is gated by
+    each assignee's global ``NotificationPreference`` for ``(task.stale, channel)``,
+    exactly like :func:`create_event_notifications`, but resolved and written in bulk
+    to keep the daily scan off the N+1 path.
+
+    Idempotent: a ``(recipient, task)`` that already has an **unread, un-archived**
+    ``task.stale`` notification is skipped, so re-running the scan (retry, manual
+    re-queue, or the next daily tick) creates zero duplicates.
+
+    Args:
+        now: Injected clock for deterministic testing; defaults to ``timezone.now()``.
+
+    Returns:
+        The total number of Notification rows created across all projects.
+    """
+    from trueppm_api.apps.projects.lifecycle import visible_projects
+    from trueppm_api.apps.projects.models import Project, Task, TaskStatus
+
+    now = now or timezone.now()
+    event = NotificationEventType.TASK_STALE.value
+    defaults = {(et, ch): enabled for et, ch, enabled in DEFAULT_PREFERENCES}
+    non_terminal = [s for s in TaskStatus.values if s != TaskStatus.COMPLETE]
+
+    total = 0
+    # Drafts are excluded (#2962/#3128): this is an install-wide nightly fan-out, and
+    # every card in a plan nobody has committed to is "stale" by construction — the
+    # plan is still being written. Nudging an assignee about it would be the exclusion
+    # list's stated failure, delivered daily.
+    for project in (
+        visible_projects(Project.objects.filter(is_deleted=False))
+        .only("id", "stale_task_threshold_days")
+        .iterator()
+    ):
+        threshold = project.stale_task_threshold_days or DEFAULT_STALE_TASK_THRESHOLD_DAYS
+        cutoff = now - datetime.timedelta(days=threshold)
+        candidates = list(
+            Task.objects.filter(
+                project_id=project.id,
+                is_deleted=False,
+                status__in=non_terminal,
+                status_changed_at__lt=cutoff,
+                assignee_id__isnull=False,
+            ).values_list("id", "name", "assignee_id")
+        )
+        if not candidates:
+            continue
+
+        task_ids = [row[0] for row in candidates]
+        already_notified = set(
+            Notification.objects.filter(
+                event_type=event,
+                is_read=False,
+                is_archived=False,
+                task_id__in=task_ids,
+            ).values_list("recipient_id", "task_id")
+        )
+
+        assignee_ids = {row[2] for row in candidates}
+        stored: dict[Any, dict[str, bool]] = {}
+        for pref in NotificationPreference.objects.filter(
+            user_id__in=assignee_ids, event_type=event
+        ):
+            stored.setdefault(pref.user_id, {})[pref.channel] = pref.enabled
+        # Account-wide DND (#1707): task.stale is not a bypass event, so DND
+        # suppresses its email nudge while the durable in-app row still lands.
+        dnd_user_ids = load_dnd_user_ids(assignee_ids)
+
+        rows = _build_stale_notification_rows(
+            candidates=candidates,
+            already_notified=already_notified,
+            stored=stored,
+            defaults=defaults,
+            event=event,
+            dnd_user_ids=dnd_user_ids,
+            threshold=threshold,
+            project_id=project.id,
+        )
+        if rows:
+            # batch_size caps the INSERT statement size so a pathologically large
+            # single-project backlog is chunked rather than one unbounded statement.
+            _bulk_create_notifications(rows, batch_size=500)
+            total += len(rows)
+    return total