torchzero 0.1.7__py3-none-any.whl → 0.3.1__py3-none-any.whl

torchzero/utils/tensorlist.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1081 @@
+# pyright: reportIncompatibleMethodOverride=false
+r"""
+TensorList is a data type that can be used to manipulate a sequence of tensors such as model parameters,
+with the same methods that normal tensors have, plus some additional convenience features.
+Whenever possible, I used _foreach methods and other tricks to speed up computation.
+
+TensorList is similar to TensorDict (https://github.com/pytorch/tensordict).
+If you want to get the most performance out of a collection of tensors, use TensorDict and lock it.
+However I found that *creating* a TensorDict is quite slow. In fact it negates the benefits of using it
+in an optimizer when you have to create one from parameters on each step. The solution could be to create
+it once beforehand, but then you won't be able to easily support parameter groups and per-parameter states.
+"""
+import builtins
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence, Iterable, Generator, Iterator
+import math
+import operator
+from typing import Any, Literal, TypedDict, overload
+from typing_extensions import Self, TypeAlias, Unpack
+
+import torch
+from .ops import where_
+from .python_tools import generic_eq, zipmap
+from .numberlist import NumberList, as_numberlist, maybe_numberlist
+
+
+_Scalar = int | float | bool | complex
+_TensorSeq = list[torch.Tensor] | tuple[torch.Tensor, ...]
+_ScalarSeq = list[int] | list[float] | list[bool] | list[complex] | tuple[int] | tuple[float] | tuple[bool] | tuple[complex]
+_ScalarSequence = Sequence[_Scalar] # i only check (list,tuple), its faster and safer
+_STSeq = _TensorSeq | _ScalarSeq
+_STOrSTSeq = _Scalar | torch.Tensor | _ScalarSeq | _TensorSeq
+
+_Dim = int | list[int] | tuple[int,...] | Literal['global'] | None
+
+Distributions = Literal['normal', 'gaussian', 'uniform', 'sphere', 'rademacher']
+class _NewTensorKwargs(TypedDict, total = False):
+    memory_format: Any
+    dtype: Any
+    layout: Any
+    device: Any
+    pin_memory: bool
+    requires_grad: bool
+
+# _foreach_methods = {attr.replace('_foreach_', ''):getattr(torch, attr) for attr in dir(torch) if attr.startswith('_foreach_')}
+class _MethodCallerWithArgs:
+    """Return a callable object that calls the given method on its operand.
+
+    This is similar to operator.methodcaller but args and kwargs are specificed in __call__.
+
+    Args:
+        method (str): name of method to call.
+    """
+    __slots__ = ('_name',)
+    def __init__(self, name: str):
+        self._name = name
+
+    def __call__(self, obj, *args, **kwargs):
+        return getattr(obj, self._name)(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'{self.__class__.__module__}.{self.__class__.__name__}({repr(self._name)})'
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return self.__class__, self._name
+
+def as_tensorlist(x):
+    if isinstance(x, TensorList): return x
+    return TensorList(x)
+
+
+# tensorlist must subclass list
+# UserList doesn't work with _foreach_xxx
+class TensorList(list[torch.Tensor | Any]):
+    @classmethod
+    def complex(cls, real: _TensorSeq, imag: _TensorSeq):
+        """Create a complex TensorList from real and imaginary tensor sequences."""
+        return cls(torch.complex(r, i) for r, i in zip(real, imag))
+
+    @property
+    def device(self): return [i.device for i in self]
+    @property
+    def dtype(self): return [i.dtype for i in self]
+    @property
+    def requires_grad(self): return [i.requires_grad for i in self]
+    @property
+    def shape(self): return [i.shape for i in self]
+    def size(self, dim: int | None = None): return [i.size(dim) for i in self]
+    @property
+    def ndim(self): return [i.ndim for i in self]
+    def ndimension(self): return [i.ndimension() for i in self]
+    def numel(self): return [i.numel() for i in self]
+
+    @property
+    def grad(self): return self.__class__(i.grad for i in self)
+    @property
+    def real(self): return self.__class__(i.real for i in self)
+    @property
+    def imag(self): return self.__class__(i.imag for i in self)
+
+    def view_as_real(self): return self.__class__(torch.view_as_real(i) for i in self)
+    def view_as_complex(self): return self.__class__(torch.view_as_complex(i) for i in self)
+
+    def type_as(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq):
+        return self.zipmap(_MethodCallerWithArgs('type_as'), other)
+
+    def view_as(self, other: torch.Tensor | Sequence[torch.Tensor]):
+        if isinstance(other, Sequence): return self.__class__(s.view_as(o) for s, o in zip(self, other))
+        return self.__class__(s.view_as(other) for s in self)
+
+    def fill_none(self, reference: Iterable[torch.Tensor]):
+        """all None values are replaced with zeros of the same shape as corresponding `reference` tensor."""
+        return self.__class__(t if t is not None else torch.zeros_like(r) for t,r in zip(self, reference))
+
+    def fill_none_(self, reference: Iterable[torch.Tensor]):
+        """all None values are replaced with zeros of the same shape as corresponding `reference` tensor."""
+        for i, (t,r) in enumerate(zip(self, reference)):
+            if t is None: self[i] = torch.zeros_like(r)
+        return self
+
+    def get_grad(self):
+        """Returns all gradients that are not None."""
+        return self.__class__(i.grad for i in self if i.grad is not None)
+
+    def with_requires_grad(self, requires_grad = True):
+        """Returns all tensors with requires_grad set to the given value."""
+        return self.__class__(i for i in self if i.requires_grad == requires_grad)
+
+    def with_grad(self):
+        """returns all tensors whose .grad is not None"""
+        return self.__class__(i for i in self if i.grad is not None)
+
+    def ensure_grad_(self):
+        """For each element, if grad is None and it requires grad, sets grad to zeroes."""
+        for i in self:
+            if i.requires_grad and i.grad is None: i.grad = torch.zeros_like(i)
+        return self
+
+    def accumulate_grad_(self, grads: _TensorSeq):
+        """Creates grad if it is None, otherwise adds to existing grad."""
+        for i, g in zip(self, grads):
+            if i.grad is None: i.grad = g
+            else: i.grad.add_(g)
+        return self
+
+    def set_grad_(self, grads: _TensorSeq):
+        """Assings grad attributes to the given sequence, replaces grad that already exists."""
+        for i, g in zip(self, grads): i.grad = g
+        return self
+
+    def zero_grad_(self, set_to_none = True):
+        """Set all grads to None or zeroes."""
+        if set_to_none:
+            for p in self: p.grad = None
+        else:
+            self.get_grad().zero_()
+        return self
+
+    def __add__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq) -> Self: return self.add(other) # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+    def __radd__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq) -> Self: return self.add(other) # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+    def __iadd__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq) -> Self: return self.add_(other) # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+
+    def __sub__(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq") -> Self: return self.sub(other) # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+    def __rsub__(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq") -> Self: return self.sub(other).neg_() # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+    def __isub__(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq") -> Self: return self.sub_(other) # pyright: ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+
+    def __mul__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq) -> Self: return self.mul(other)
+    def __rmul__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq) -> Self: return self.mul(other)
+    def __imul__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq) -> Self: return self.mul_(other)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other: "_STOrSTSeq") -> Self: return self.div(other)
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other: "_STOrSTSeq") -> Self: return other * self.reciprocal()
+    def __itruediv__(self, other: "_STOrSTSeq") -> Self: return self.div_(other)
+
+    def __floordiv__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.floor_divide(other)
+    #def __rfloordiv__(self, other: "TensorList"): return other.floor_divide(self)
+    def __ifloordiv__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.floor_divide_(other)
+
+    def __mod__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.remainder(other)
+    #def __rmod__(self, other: STOrSTSequence): return self.remainder(other)
+    def __imod__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq):return self.remainder_(other)
+
+    def __pow__(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq"): return self.pow(other)
+    def __rpow__(self, other: "_Scalar | _TensorSeq"): return self.rpow(other)
+    def __ipow__(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq"): return self.pow_(other)
+
+    def __neg__(self): return self.neg()
+
+    def __eq__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.eq(other)
+    def __ne__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.ne(other)
+    def __lt__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.lt(other)
+    def __le__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.le(other)
+    def __gt__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.gt(other)
+    def __ge__(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.ge(other)
+
+    def __invert__(self): return self.logical_not()
+
+    def __and__(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.logical_and(other)
+    def __iand__(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.logical_and_(other)
+    def __or__(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.logical_or(other)
+    def __ior__(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.logical_or_(other)
+    def __xor__(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.logical_xor(other)
+    def __ixor__(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.logical_xor_(other)
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        raise RuntimeError(f'Boolean value of {self.__class__.__name__} is ambiguous')
+
+    def map(self, fn: Callable[..., torch.Tensor], *args, **kwargs):
+        """Applies `fn` to all elements of this TensorList
+        and returns a new TensorList with return values of the callable."""
+        return self.__class__(fn(i, *args, **kwargs) for i in self)
+    def map_inplace_(self, fn: Callable[..., Any], *args, **kwargs):
+        """Applies an in-place `fn` to all elements of this TensorList."""
+        for i in self: fn(i, *args, **kwargs)
+        return self
+
+    def filter(self, fn: Callable[..., bool], *args, **kwargs):
+        """Returns a TensorList with all elements for which `fn` returned True."""
+        return self.__class__(i for i in self if fn(i, *args, **kwargs))
+
+    def zipmap(self, fn: Callable, other: Any | list | tuple, *args, **kwargs):
+        """If `other` is list/tuple, applies `fn` to this TensorList zipped with `other`.
+        Otherwise applies `fn` to this TensorList and `other`.
+        Returns a new TensorList with return values of the callable."""
+        return zipmap(self, fn, other, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def zipmap_inplace_(self, fn: Callable[..., Any], other: Any | list | tuple, *args, **kwargs):
+        """If `other` is list/tuple, applies `fn` to this TensorList zipped with `other`.
+        Otherwise applies `fn` to this TensorList and `other`.
+        The callable must modify elements in-place."""
+        if isinstance(other, (list, tuple)):
+            for i, j in zip(self, other): fn(i, j, *args, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            for i in self: fn(i, other, *args, **kwargs)
+        return self
+
+    def zipmap_args(self, fn: Callable[..., Any], *others, **kwargs):
+        """If `args` is list/tuple, applies `fn` to this TensorList zipped with `others`.
+        Otherwise applies `fn` to this TensorList and `other`."""
+        others = [i if isinstance(i, (list, tuple)) else [i]*len(self) for i in others]
+        return self.__class__(fn(*z, **kwargs) for z in zip(self, *others))
+
+    def zipmap_args_inplace_(self, fn: Callable[..., Any], *others, **kwargs):
+        """If `args` is list/tuple, applies `fn` to this TensorList zipped with `other`.
+        Otherwise applies `fn` to this TensorList and `other`.
+        The callable must modify elements in-place."""
+        others = [i if isinstance(i, (list, tuple)) else [i]*len(self) for i in others]
+        for z in zip(self, *others): fn(*z, **kwargs)
+        return self
+
+    def _foreach_apply(self, fn: Callable[[list[torch.Tensor]], list[torch.Tensor]], *args, **kwargs):
+        """Applies a torch._foreach_xxx function to self and converts returned list back to TensorList or subclass."""
+        return self.__class__(fn(self), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    # def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Callable:
+    #     if name == '__torch_function__' or name == '_ipython_canary_method_should_not_exist_': raise AttributeError('who ？？？')
+    #     if name in _foreach_methods:
+    #         method = partial(self._foreach_apply, _foreach_methods[name])
+    #     else:
+    #         method = partial(self.map, MethodCallerWithArgs(name))
+    #     setattr(self, name, method)
+    #     return method
+
+    def to(self, *args, **kwargs): return self.__class__(i.to(*args, **kwargs) for i in self)
+    def cuda(self): return self.__class__(i.cuda() for i in self)
+    def cpu(self): return self.__class__(i.cpu() for i in self)
+    def long(self): return self.__class__(i.long() for i in self)
+    def short(self): return self.__class__(i.short() for i in self)
+    def clone(self): return self.__class__(i.clone() for i in self)
+    def detach(self): return self.__class__(i.detach() for i in self)
+    def detach_(self):
+        for i in self: i.detach_()
+        return self
+    def contiguous(self): return self.__class__(i.contiguous() for i in self)
+
+    # apparently I can't use float for typing if I call a method "float"
+    def as_float(self): return self.__class__(i.float() for i in self)
+    def as_bool(self): return self.__class__(i.bool() for i in self)
+    def as_int(self): return self.__class__(i.int() for i in self)
+
+    def copy_(self, src: _TensorSeq, non_blocking = False):
+        """Copies the elements from src tensors into self tensors."""
+        torch._foreach_copy_(self, src, non_blocking=non_blocking)
+    def set_(self, storage: Iterable[torch.Tensor | torch.types.Storage]):
+        """Sets elements of this TensorList to the values of a list of tensors."""
+        for i, j in zip(self, storage): i.set_(j) # pyright:ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        return self
+
+
+    def requires_grad_(self, mode: bool = True):
+        for e in self: e.requires_grad_(mode)
+        return self
+
+    def to_vec(self): return torch.cat(self.ravel())
+    def from_vec_(self, vec:torch.Tensor):
+        """Sets elements of this TensorList to the values of a 1D tensor.
+        The length of the tensor must be equal to the total number of elements in this TensorList."""
+        cur = 0
+        for el in self:
+            numel = el.numel()
+            el.set_(vec[cur:cur + numel].type_as(el).view_as(el)) # pyright:ignore[reportArgumentType]
+            cur += numel
+        return self
+
+    def from_vec(self, vec:torch.Tensor):
+        """Creates a new TensorList from this TensorList but with values from a 1D tensor.
+        The length of the tensor must be equal to the total number of elements in this TensorList."""
+        res = []
+        cur = 0
+        for el in self:
+            numel = el.numel()
+            res.append(vec[cur:cur + numel].type_as(el).view_as(el))
+            cur += numel
+        return TensorList(res)
+
+    # using single operation on a vec, e.g. torch.sum(self.to_vec()) can be faster but its less memory efficient
+    def global_min(self) -> torch.Tensor: return builtins.min(self.min()) # pyright:ignore[reportArgumentType]
+    def global_max(self) -> torch.Tensor: return builtins.max(self.max()) # pyright:ignore[reportArgumentType]
+    def global_mean(self) -> torch.Tensor: return self.global_sum()/self.global_numel()
+    def global_sum(self) -> torch.Tensor: return builtins.sum(self.sum()) # pyright:ignore[reportArgumentType,reportReturnType]
+    def global_std(self) -> torch.Tensor: return torch.std(self.to_vec())
+    def global_var(self) -> torch.Tensor: return torch.var(self.to_vec())
+    def global_vector_norm(self, ord:float = 2) -> torch.Tensor:
+        return torch.linalg.vector_norm(self.to_vec(), ord = ord) # pylint:disable = not-callable
+    def global_any(self): return builtins.any(self.any())
+    def global_all(self): return builtins.all(self.all())
+    def global_numel(self) -> int: return builtins.sum(self.numel())
+
+    def empty_like(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]): return self.__class__(torch.empty_like(i, **kwargs) for i in self)
+    def zeros_like(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]): return self.__class__(torch.zeros_like(i, **kwargs) for i in self)
+    def ones_like(self, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]): return self.__class__(torch.ones_like(i, **kwargs) for i in self)
+    def full_like(self, fill_value: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq", **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]):
+        #return self.__class__(torch.full_like(i, fill_value=fill_value, **kwargs) for i in self)
+        return self.zipmap(torch.full_like, other=fill_value, **kwargs)
+
+    def rand_like(self, generator=None, dtype: Any=None, device: Any=None, **kwargs):
+        if generator is not None:
+            return self.__class__(torch.rand(t.shape, generator=generator,
+                                             dtype=t.dtype if dtype is None else dtype,
+                                             device=t.device if device is None else device, **kwargs) for t in self)
+
+        return self.__class__(torch.rand_like(i, dtype=dtype, device=device, **kwargs) for i in self)
+
+    def randn_like(self, generator=None, dtype: Any=None, device: Any=None, **kwargs):
+
+        if generator is not None:
+            return self.__class__(torch.randn(t.shape, generator=generator,
+                                             dtype=t.dtype if dtype is None else dtype,
+                                             device=t.device if device is None else device, **kwargs) for t in self)
+
+        return self.__class__(torch.randn_like(i, dtype=dtype, device=device, **kwargs) for i in self)
+
+    def randint_like(self, low: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq", high: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq", **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]):
+        return self.zipmap_args(torch.randint_like, low, high, **kwargs)
+    def uniform_like(self, low: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq" = 0, high: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq" = 1, generator=None, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]):
+        res = self.empty_like(**kwargs)
+        res.uniform_(low, high, generator=generator)
+        return res
+    def sphere_like(self, radius: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq", generator=None, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]) -> Self:
+        r = self.randn_like(generator=generator, **kwargs)
+        return (r * radius) / r.global_vector_norm()
+    def bernoulli(self, generator = None):
+        return self.__class__(torch.bernoulli(i, generator=generator) for i in self)
+    def bernoulli_like(self, p: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq" = 0.5, generator = None, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]):
+        """p is probability of a 1, other values will be 0."""
+        return self.__class__(torch.bernoulli(i, generator = generator) for i in self.full_like(p, **kwargs))
+    def rademacher_like(self, p: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq" = 0.5, generator = None, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]):
+        """p is probability of a 1, other values will be -1."""
+        return self.bernoulli_like(p, generator=generator, **kwargs).mul_(2).sub_(1)
+
+    def sample_like(self, eps: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq" = 1, distribution: Distributions = 'normal', generator=None, **kwargs: Unpack[_NewTensorKwargs]):
+        """Sample around 0."""
+        if distribution in ('normal', 'gaussian'): return self.randn_like(generator=generator, **kwargs) * eps
+        if distribution == 'uniform':
+            if isinstance(eps, (list,tuple)):
+                return self.uniform_like([-i/2 for i in eps], [i/2 for i in eps], generator=generator, **kwargs)
+            return self.uniform_like(-eps/2, eps/2, generator=generator, **kwargs)
+        if distribution == 'sphere': return self.sphere_like(eps, generator=generator, **kwargs)
+        if distribution == 'rademacher': return self.rademacher_like(generator=generator, **kwargs) * eps
+        raise ValueError(f'Unknow distribution {distribution}')
+
+    def eq(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.eq, other)
+    def eq_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('eq_'), other)
+    def ne(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.ne, other)
+    def ne_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('ne_'), other)
+    def lt(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.lt, other)
+    def lt_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('lt_'), other)
+    def le(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.le, other)
+    def le_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('le_'), other)
+    def gt(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.gt, other)
+    def gt_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('gt_'), other)
+    def ge(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.ge, other)
+    def ge_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('ge_'), other)
+
+    def logical_and(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.logical_and, other)
+    def logical_and_(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('logical_and_'), other)
+    def logical_or(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.logical_or, other)
+    def logical_or_(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('logical_or_'), other)
+    def logical_xor(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.logical_xor, other)
+    def logical_xor_(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('logical_xor_'), other)
+
+    def logical_not(self): return self.__class__(torch.logical_not(i) for i in self)
+    def logical_not_(self):
+        for i in self: i.logical_not_()
+        return self
+
+    def equal(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq):
+        """returns TensorList of boolean values, True if two tensors have the same size and elements, False otherwise."""
+        return self.zipmap(torch.equal, other)
+
+    @overload
+    def add(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq, alpha: _Scalar = 1): ...
+    @overload
+    def add(self, other: _Scalar | _ScalarSeq): ...
+    def add(self, other: _STOrSTSeq, alpha: _Scalar = 1):
+        if alpha == 1: return self.__class__(torch._foreach_add(self, other))
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_add(self, other, alpha = alpha)) # pyright:ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+
+    @overload
+    def add_(self, other: torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq, alpha: _Scalar = 1): ...
+    @overload
+    def add_(self, other: _Scalar | _ScalarSeq): ...
+    def add_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq, alpha: _Scalar = 1):
+        if alpha == 1: torch._foreach_add_(self, other)
+        else: torch._foreach_add_(self, other, alpha = alpha) # pyright:ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+        return self
+
+    def lazy_add(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float]):
+        if generic_eq(other, 0): return self
+        return self.add(other)
+    def lazy_add_(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float]):
+        if generic_eq(other, 0): return self
+        return self.add_(other)
+
+    @overload
+    def sub(self, other: _TensorSeq, alpha: _Scalar = 1): ...
+    @overload
+    def sub(self, other: _Scalar | _ScalarSeq): ...
+    def sub(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq", alpha: _Scalar = 1):
+        if alpha == 1: return self.__class__(torch._foreach_sub(self, other))
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_sub(self, other, alpha = alpha)) # pyright:ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+    @overload
+    def sub_(self, other: _TensorSeq, alpha: _Scalar = 1): ...
+    @overload
+    def sub_(self, other: _Scalar | _ScalarSeq): ...
+    def sub_(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq", alpha: _Scalar = 1):
+        if alpha == 1: torch._foreach_sub_(self, other)
+        else: torch._foreach_sub_(self, other, alpha = alpha) # pyright:ignore[reportArgumentType]
+        return self
+
+    def lazy_sub(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float]):
+        if generic_eq(other, 0): return self
+        return self.sub(other)
+    def lazy_sub_(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float]):
+        if generic_eq(other, 0): return self
+        return self.sub_(other)
+
+    def neg(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_neg(self))
+    def neg_(self):
+        torch._foreach_neg_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def mul(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_mul(self, other))
+    def mul_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq):
+        torch._foreach_mul_(self, other)
+        return self
+
+    # TODO: benchmark
+    def lazy_mul(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float], clone=False):
+        if generic_eq(other, 1):
+            if clone: return self.clone()
+            return self
+        return self * other
+    def lazy_mul_(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float]):
+        if generic_eq(other, 1): return self
+        return self.mul_(other)
+
+    def div(self, other: _STOrSTSeq) -> Self: return self.__class__(torch._foreach_div(self, other))
+    def div_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq):
+        torch._foreach_div_(self, other)
+        return self
+
+    def lazy_div(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float]):
+        if generic_eq(other, 1): return self
+        return self / other
+    def lazy_div_(self, other: int | float | list[int | float] | tuple[int | float]):
+        if generic_eq(other, 1): return self
+        return self.div_(other)
+
+    def pow(self, exponent: "_Scalar | _STSeq"): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_pow(self, exponent))
+    def pow_(self, exponent: "_Scalar | _STSeq"):
+        torch._foreach_pow_(self, exponent)
+        return self
+
+    def rpow(self, input: _Scalar | _TensorSeq): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_pow(input, self))
+    def rpow_(self, input: _TensorSeq):
+        torch._foreach_pow_(input, self)
+        return self
+
+    def sqrt(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_sqrt(self))
+    def sqrt_(self):
+        torch._foreach_sqrt_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def remainder(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.remainder, other)
+    def remainder_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('remainder_'), other)
+
+    def floor_divide(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.floor_divide, other)
+    def floor_divide_(self, other: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('floor_divide_'), other)
+
+    def reciprocal(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_reciprocal(self))
+    def reciprocal_(self):
+        torch._foreach_reciprocal_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def abs(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_abs(self))
+    def abs_(self):
+        torch._foreach_abs_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def sign(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_sign(self))
+    def sign_(self):
+        torch._foreach_sign_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def exp(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_exp(self))
+    def exp_(self):
+        torch._foreach_exp_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def signbit(self): return self.__class__(torch.signbit(i) for i in self)
+
+    def sin(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_sin(self))
+    def sin_(self):
+        torch._foreach_sin_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def cos(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_cos(self))
+    def cos_(self):
+        torch._foreach_cos_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def tan(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_tan(self))
+    def tan_(self):
+        torch._foreach_tan_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def asin(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_asin(self))
+    def asin_(self):
+        torch._foreach_asin_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def acos(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_acos(self))
+    def acos_(self):
+        torch._foreach_acos_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def atan(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_atan(self))
+    def atan_(self):
+        torch._foreach_atan_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def sinh(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_sinh(self))
+    def sinh_(self):
+        torch._foreach_sinh_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def cosh(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_cosh(self))
+    def cosh_(self):
+        torch._foreach_cosh_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def tanh(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_tanh(self))
+    def tanh_(self):
+        torch._foreach_tanh_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def log(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_log(self))
+    def log_(self):
+        torch._foreach_log_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def log10(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_log10(self))
+    def log10_(self):
+        torch._foreach_log10_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def log2(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_log2(self))
+    def log2_(self):
+        torch._foreach_log2_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def log1p(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_log1p(self))
+    def log1p_(self):
+        torch._foreach_log1p_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def erf(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_erf(self))
+    def erf_(self):
+        torch._foreach_erf_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def erfc(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_erfc(self))
+    def erfc_(self):
+        torch._foreach_erfc_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def sigmoid(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_sigmoid(self))
+    def sigmoid_(self):
+        torch._foreach_sigmoid_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def _global_fn(self, keepdim, fn, *args, **kwargs):
+        """checks that keepdim is False and returns fn(*args, **kwargs)"""
+        #if keepdim: raise ValueError('dim = global and keepdim = True')
+        return fn(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def max(self, dim: _Dim = None, keepdim = False) -> Self | Any:
+        if dim is None and not keepdim: return self.__class__(torch._foreach_max(self))
+        if dim == 'global': return self._global_fn(keepdim, self.global_max)
+        if dim is None: dim = ()
+        return self.__class__(i.amax(dim=dim, keepdim=keepdim) for i in self)
+
+    def min(self, dim: _Dim = None, keepdim = False) -> Self | Any:
+        if dim is None and not keepdim: return self.__class__(torch._foreach_max(self.neg())).neg_()
+        if dim == 'global': return self._global_fn(keepdim, self.global_min)
+        if dim is None: dim = ()
+        return self.__class__(i.amin(dim=dim, keepdim=keepdim) for i in self)
+
+    def norm(self, ord: _Scalar, dtype=None):
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_norm(self, ord, dtype))
+
+    def mean(self, dim: _Dim = None, keepdim = False) -> Self | Any:
+        if dim == 'global': return self._global_fn(keepdim, self.global_mean)
+        return self.__class__(i.mean(dim=dim, keepdim=keepdim) for i in self)
+
+    def sum(self, dim: _Dim = None, keepdim = False) -> Self | Any:
+        if dim == 'global': return self._global_fn(keepdim, self.global_sum)
+        return self.__class__(i.sum(dim=dim, keepdim=keepdim) for i in self)
+
+    def prod(self, dim = None, keepdim = False): return self.__class__(i.prod(dim=dim, keepdim=keepdim) for i in self)
+
+    def std(self, dim: _Dim = None, unbiased: bool = True, keepdim = False) -> Self | Any:
+        if dim == 'global': return self._global_fn(keepdim, self.global_std)
+        return self.__class__(i.std(dim=dim, unbiased=unbiased, keepdim=keepdim) for i in self)
+
+    def var(self, dim: _Dim = None, unbiased: bool = True, keepdim = False) -> Self | Any:
+        if dim == 'global': return self._global_fn(keepdim, self.global_var)
+        return self.__class__(i.var(dim=dim, unbiased=unbiased, keepdim=keepdim) for i in self)
+
+    def median(self, dim=None, keepdim=False):
+        """note this doesn't return indices"""
+        # median returns tensor or namedtuple (values, indices)
+        if dim is None: return self.__class__(i.median() for i in self)
+        return self.__class__(i.median(dim=dim, keepdim=keepdim)[0] for i in self)
+
+    def quantile(self, q, dim=None, keepdim=False, *, interpolation='linear',):
+        return self.__class__(i.quantile(q=q, dim=dim, keepdim=keepdim, interpolation=interpolation) for i in self)
+
+    def clamp_min(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq"): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_clamp_min(self, other))
+    def clamp_min_(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq"):
+        torch._foreach_clamp_min_(self, other)
+        return self
+    def clamp_max(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq"): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_clamp_max(self, other))
+    def clamp_max_(self, other: "_Scalar | _STSeq"):
+        torch._foreach_clamp_max_(self, other)
+        return self
+
+    def clamp(self, min: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None, max: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None):
+        l = self
+        if min is not None: l = l.clamp_min(min)
+        if max is not None: l = l.clamp_max(max)
+        return l
+    def clamp_(self, min: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None, max: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None):
+        if min is not None: self.clamp_min_(min)
+        if max is not None: self.clamp_max_(max)
+        return self
+
+    def clip(self, min: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None, max: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None): return self.clamp(min,max)
+    def clip_(self, min: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None, max: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None): return self.clamp_(min,max)
+
+    def clamp_magnitude(self, min: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None, max: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None):
+        return self.abs().clamp_(min, max) * self.sign().add_(0.5).sign_() # this prevents zeros
+    def clamp_magnitude_(self, min: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None, max: "_Scalar | _STSeq | None" = None):
+        sign = self.sign().add_(0.5).sign_()
+        return self.abs_().clamp_(min, max).mul_(sign)
+
+
+    def floor(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_floor(self))
+    def floor_(self):
+        torch._foreach_floor_(self)
+        return self
+    def ceil(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_ceil(self))
+    def ceil_(self):
+        torch._foreach_ceil_(self)
+        return self
+    def round(self): return self.__class__(torch._foreach_round(self))
+    def round_(self):
+        torch._foreach_round_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def zero_(self):
+        torch._foreach_zero_(self)
+        return self
+
+    def lerp(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, weight: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | _TensorSeq"):
+        """linear interpolation of between self and tensors1. `out = self + weight * (tensors1 - self)`."""
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_lerp(self, tensors1, weight))
+    def lerp_(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, weight: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | _TensorSeq"):
+        """linear interpolation of between self and tensors1. `out = self + weight * (tensors1 - self)`."""
+        torch._foreach_lerp_(self, tensors1, weight)
+        return self
+
+    def lerp_compat(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, weight: "_STOrSTSeq"):
+        """`lerp` but support scalar sequence weight on pytorch versions before 2.6
+
+        `out = self + weight * (tensors1 - self)`."""
+        return self + weight * (TensorList(tensors1) - self)
+    def lerp_compat_(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, weight: "_STOrSTSeq"):
+        """`lerp_` but support scalar sequence weight on previous pytorch versions before 2.6
+
+        `out = self + weight * (tensors1 - self)`."""
+        return self.add_(TensorList(tensors1).sub(self).mul_(weight))
+
+    def addcmul(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, tensor2: _TensorSeq, value: "_Scalar | Sequence[_Scalar] | torch.Tensor" = 1):
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_addcmul(self, tensors1, tensor2, value))
+    def addcmul_(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, tensor2: _TensorSeq, value: "_Scalar | Sequence[_Scalar] | torch.Tensor" = 1):
+        torch._foreach_addcmul_(self, tensors1, tensor2, value)
+        return self
+    def addcdiv(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, tensor2: _TensorSeq, value: "_Scalar | Sequence[_Scalar] | torch.Tensor" = 1):
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_addcdiv(self, tensors1, tensor2, value))
+    def addcdiv_(self, tensors1: _TensorSeq, tensor2: _TensorSeq, value: "_Scalar | Sequence[_Scalar] | torch.Tensor" = 1):
+        torch._foreach_addcdiv_(self, tensors1, tensor2, value)
+        return self
+
+    def uniform_(self, low: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq" = 0, high: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq" = 1, generator = None):
+        return self.zipmap_args_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('uniform_'), low, high, generator = generator)
+
+    def maximum(self, other: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | _TensorSeq"):
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_maximum(self, other))
+    def maximum_(self, other: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | _TensorSeq"): # ruff: noqa F811
+        torch._foreach_maximum_(self, other)
+        return self
+
+    def minimum(self, other: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | _TensorSeq"):
+        return self.__class__(torch._foreach_minimum(self, other))
+    def minimum_(self, other: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | _TensorSeq"):
+        torch._foreach_minimum_(self, other)
+        return self
+
+    def squeeze(self, dim = None):
+        if dim is None: return self.__class__(i.squeeze() for i in self)
+        return self.__class__(i.squeeze(dim) for i in self)
+
+    def squeeze_(self, dim = None):
+        if dim is None:
+            for i in self: i.squeeze_()
+        else:
+            for i in self: i.squeeze_(dim)
+        return self
+
+    def conj(self): return self.__class__(i.conj() for i in self)
+
+    def nan_to_num(self, nan: "float | _ScalarSeq | None" = None, posinf: "float | _ScalarSeq | None" = None, neginf: "float | _ScalarSeq | None" = None):
+        return self.zipmap_args(torch.nan_to_num, nan, posinf, neginf)
+    def nan_to_num_(self, nan: "float | _ScalarSeq | None" = None, posinf: "float | _ScalarSeq | None" = None, neginf: "float | _ScalarSeq | None" = None):
+        return self.zipmap_args_inplace_(torch.nan_to_num_, nan, posinf, neginf)
+
+    def ravel(self): return self.__class__(i.ravel() for i in self)
+    def view_flat(self): return self.__class__(i.view(-1) for i in self)
+
+    def any(self): return self.__class__(i.any() for i in self)
+    def all(self): return self.__class__(i.all() for i in self)
+    def isfinite(self): return self.__class__(i.isfinite() for i in self)
+
+    def fill(self, value: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap(torch.fill, other = value)
+    def fill_(self, value: _STOrSTSeq): return self.zipmap_inplace_(torch.fill_, other = value)
+
+    def copysign(self, other):
+        return self.__class__(t.copysign(o) for t, o in zip(self, other))
+    def copysign_(self, other):
+        for t, o in zip(self, other): t.copysign_(o)
+        return self
+
+    def graft(self, magnitude: "_TensorSeq", tensorwise=False, ord: float = 2, eps = 1e-6, strength: float | _ScalarSeq = 1):
+        if not isinstance(magnitude, TensorList): magnitude = TensorList(magnitude)
+        if tensorwise:
+            norm_self = self.norm(ord)
+            norm_other = magnitude.norm(ord)
+        else:
+            norm_self = self.global_vector_norm(ord)
+            norm_other = magnitude.global_vector_norm(ord)
+
+        if not generic_eq(strength, 1): norm_other.lerp_(norm_self, 1-maybe_numberlist(strength)) # pyright:ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+
+        return self * (norm_other / norm_self.clip_(min=eps))
+
+    def graft_(self, magnitude: "_TensorSeq", tensorwise=False, ord: float = 2, eps = 1e-6, strength: float | _ScalarSeq = 1):
+        if not isinstance(magnitude, TensorList): magnitude = TensorList(magnitude)
+        if tensorwise:
+            norm_self = self.norm(ord)
+            norm_other = magnitude.norm(ord)
+        else:
+            norm_self = self.global_vector_norm(ord)
+            norm_other = magnitude.global_vector_norm(ord)
+
+        if not generic_eq(strength, 1): norm_other.lerp_(norm_self, 1-maybe_numberlist(strength)) # pyright:ignore[reportCallIssue,reportArgumentType]
+
+        return self.mul_(norm_other / norm_self.clip_(min=eps))
+
+    def _get_rescale_coeffs(self, min:"_Scalar | _ScalarSeq", max:"_Scalar | _ScalarSeq", dim: _Dim, eps):
+        self_min = self.min(dim=dim, keepdim=True)
+        self_max = self.max(dim=dim, keepdim=True)
+
+        # target range difference (diff)
+        min = maybe_numberlist(min)
+        max = maybe_numberlist(max)
+        diff = max - min
+        target_min = min
+        source_range = (self_max - self_min).add_(eps)
+        a = diff / source_range
+        b = target_min - (a * self_min)
+
+        return a, b
+
+    def rescale(self, min: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", max: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", dim: _Dim = None, eps=0.):
+        """rescales each tensor to (min, max) range"""
+        if min is None and max is None: return self
+        if max is None:
+            assert min is not None
+            return self - (self.min(dim=dim, keepdim=True).sub_(min))
+        if min is None: return self - (self.max(dim=dim, keepdim=True).sub_(max))
+
+        a,b = self._get_rescale_coeffs(min=min, max=max, dim=dim, eps=eps)
+        return (self*a).add_(b)
+
+    def rescale_(self, min: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", max: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", dim: _Dim = None, eps=0.):
+        """rescales each tensor to (min, max) range"""
+        if min is None and max is None: return self
+        if max is None:
+            assert min is not None
+            return self.sub_(self.min(dim=dim, keepdim=True).sub_(min))
+        if min is None: return self.sub_(self.max(dim=dim, keepdim=True).sub_(max))
+
+        a,b = self._get_rescale_coeffs(min=min, max=max, dim=dim, eps=eps)
+        return (self.mul_(a)).add_(b)
+
+    def rescale_to_01(self, dim: _Dim = None, eps: float = 0):
+        """faster method to rescale to (0, 1) range"""
+        res = self - self.min(dim = dim, keepdim=True)
+        max = res.max(dim = dim, keepdim=True)
+        if eps != 0: max.add_(eps)
+        return res.div_(max)
+
+    def rescale_to_01_(self, dim: _Dim = None, eps: float = 0):
+        """faster method to rescale to (0, 1) range"""
+        self.sub_(self.min(dim = dim, keepdim=True))
+        max = self.max(dim = dim, keepdim=True)
+        if eps != 0: max.add_(eps)
+        return self.div_(max)
+
+    def normalize(self, mean: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", var: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", dim: _Dim = None): # pylint:disable=redefined-outer-name
+        """normalizes to mean and variance"""
+        if mean is None and var is None: return self
+        if mean is None: return self / self.std(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        if var is None: return self - self.mean(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        self_mean = self.mean(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        self_std = self.std(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+
+        if isinstance(var, Sequence): var_sqrt = [i**0.5 for i in var]
+        else: var_sqrt = var ** 0.5
+
+        return (self - self_mean).div_(self_std).mul_(var_sqrt).add_(mean)
+
+    def normalize_(self, mean: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", var: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None", dim: _Dim = None): # pylint:disable=redefined-outer-name
+        """normalizes to mean and variance"""
+        if mean is None and var is None: return self
+        if mean is None: return self / self.std(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        if var is None: return self - self.mean(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        self_mean = self.mean(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        self_std = self.std(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+
+        if isinstance(var, Sequence): var_sqrt = [i**0.5 for i in var]
+        else: var_sqrt = var ** 0.5
+
+        return self.sub_(self_mean).div_(self_std).mul_(var_sqrt).add_(mean)
+
+    def znormalize(self, dim: _Dim = None, eps:float = 0):
+        """faster method to normalize to 0 mean and 1 variance"""
+        std = self.std(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        if eps!=0: std.add_(eps)
+        return (self - self.mean(dim = dim, keepdim=True)).div_(std)
+
+    def znormalize_(self, dim: _Dim = None, eps:float = 0):
+        """faster method to normalize to 0 mean and 1 variance"""
+        std = self.std(dim = dim, keepdim = True)
+        if eps!=0: std.add_(eps)
+        return self.sub_(self.mean(dim = dim, keepdim=True)).div_(std)
+
+    def _clip_multiplier(self, min: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None"= None, max: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None" = None, tensorwise: bool = True, ord:float = 2):
+        """calculate multipler to clip self norm to min and max"""
+        if tensorwise:
+            self_norm = self.norm(ord)
+            self_norm.masked_fill_(self_norm == 0, 1)
+
+        else:
+            self_norm = self.global_vector_norm(ord)
+            if self_norm == 0: return 1
+
+        mul = 1
+        if min is not None:
+            mul_to_min = generic_clamp(maybe_numberlist(min) / self_norm, min=1)
+            mul *= mul_to_min
+
+        if max is not None:
+            mul_to_max = generic_clamp(maybe_numberlist(max) / self_norm, max=1)
+            mul *= mul_to_max
+
+        return mul
+
+    def clip_norm(self, min: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None"= None, max: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None" = None, tensorwise: bool = True, ord:float = 2):
+        """clips norm of each tensor to (min, max) range"""
+        if min is None and max is None: return self
+        return self * self._clip_multiplier(min, max, tensorwise, ord)
+
+    def clip_norm_(self, min: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None"= None, max: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq | None" = None, tensorwise: bool = True, ord:float = 2):
+        """clips norm of each tensor to (min, max) range"""
+        if min is None and max is None: return self
+        return self.mul_(self._clip_multiplier(min, max, tensorwise, ord))
+
+
+    def where(self, condition: "torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq", other: _STOrSTSeq):
+        """self where condition is true other otherwise"""
+        return self.zipmap_args(_MethodCallerWithArgs('where'), condition, other)
+    def where_(self, condition: "torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq", other: "torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq"):
+        """self where condition is true other otherwise"""
+        return self.zipmap_args_inplace_(where_, condition, other)
+
+    def masked_fill(self, mask: "torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq", fill_value: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq"):
+        """Same as tensor[mask] = value (not in-place), where value must be scalar/scalars"""
+        return self.zipmap_args(torch.masked_fill, mask, fill_value)
+    def masked_fill_(self, mask: "torch.Tensor | _TensorSeq", fill_value: "_Scalar | _ScalarSeq"):
+        """Same as tensor[mask] = value, where value must be scalar/scalars"""
+        return self.zipmap_args_inplace_(_MethodCallerWithArgs('masked_fill_'), mask, fill_value)
+
+    def select_set_(self, mask: _TensorSeq, value: _STOrSTSeq):
+        """Same as tensor[mask] = value"""
+        list_value = value if isinstance(value, (list,tuple)) else [value]*len(self)
+        for tensor, m, v in zip(self, mask, list_value):
+            tensor[m] = v # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+
+    def masked_set_(self, mask: _TensorSeq, value: _TensorSeq):
+        """Same as tensor[mask] = value[mask]"""
+        for tensor, m, v in zip(self, mask, value):
+            tensor[m] = v[m]
+
+    def select(self, idx: Any):
+        """same as tensor[idx]"""
+        if not isinstance(idx, (list,tuple)): return self.__class__(t[idx] for t in self)
+        return self.__class__(t[i] for t,i in zip(self, idx))
+
+    def dot(self, other: _TensorSeq):
+        return (self * other).global_sum()
+
+    def tensorwise_dot(self, other: _TensorSeq):
+        return (self * other).sum()
+
+    def swap_tensors(self, other: _TensorSeq):
+        for s, o in zip(self, other):
+            torch.utils.swap_tensors(s, o)
+
+    def unbind_channels(self, dim=0):
+        """returns a new tensorlist where tensors with 2 or more dimensions are split into slices along 1st dimension"""
+        return self.__class__(ch for t in self for ch in (t.unbind(dim) if t.ndim >= 2 else (t,)) )
+
+
+    def flatiter(self) -> Generator[torch.Tensor]:
+        for tensor in self:
+            yield from tensor.view(-1)
+
+    # def flatset(self, idx: int, value: Any):
+    #     """sets index in flattened view"""
+    #     return self.clone().flatset_(idx, value)
+
+    def flat_set_(self, idx: int, value: Any):
+        """sets index in flattened view"""
+        cur = 0
+        for tensor in self:
+            numel = tensor.numel()
+            if idx < cur + numel:
+                tensor.view(-1)[cur-idx] = value
+                return self
+            cur += numel
+        raise IndexError(idx)
+
+    def flat_set_lambda_(self, idx, fn):
+        """sets index in flattened view to return of fn(current_value)"""
+        cur = 0
+        for tensor in self:
+            numel = tensor.numel()
+            if idx < cur + numel:
+                flat_view = tensor.view(-1)
+                flat_view[cur-idx] = fn(flat_view[cur-idx])
+                return self
+            cur += numel
+        raise IndexError(idx)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({super().__repr__()})"
+
+
+def stack(tensorlists: Iterable[TensorList], dim = 0):
+    """Returns a tensorlist with the same elements as the input tensorlists, but stacked along the specified dimension."""
+    return TensorList(torch.stack(i, dim = dim) for i in zip(*tensorlists))
+
+def mean(tensorlists: Iterable[TensorList]):
+    """Returns a tensorlist which is the mean of given tensorlists."""
+    res = TensorList()
+    for tensors in zip(*tensorlists):
+        res.append(torch.stack(tensors).mean(0))
+    return res
+
+def median(tensorlists: Iterable[TensorList]):
+    """Returns a tensorlist which is the median of given tensorlists."""
+    res = TensorList()
+    for tensors in zip(*tensorlists):
+        res.append(torch.stack(tensors).median(0)[0])
+    return res
+
+def quantile(tensorlists: Iterable[TensorList], q, interpolation = 'linear'):
+    """Returns a tensorlist which is the median of given tensorlists."""
+    res = TensorList()
+    for tensors in zip(*tensorlists):
+        res.append(torch.stack(tensors).quantile(q=q, dim=0, interpolation=interpolation))
+    return res
+
+def sum(tensorlists: Iterable[TensorList]):
+    """Returns a tensorlist which is the sum of given tensorlists."""
+    res = TensorList()
+    for tensors in zip(*tensorlists):
+        res.append(torch.stack(tensors).sum(0))
+    return res
+
+def where(condition: TensorList, input: _STOrSTSeq, other: _STOrSTSeq):
+    """Where but for a tensorlist."""
+    args = [i if isinstance(i, (list, tuple)) else [i]*len(condition) for i in (input, other)]
+    return condition.__class__(torch.where(*z) for z in zip(condition, *args))
+
+def generic_clamp(x: Any, min=None,max=None) -> Any:
+    if isinstance(x, (torch.Tensor, TensorList)): return x.clamp(min,max)
+    if isinstance(x, (list, tuple)): return x.__class__(generic_clamp(i,min,max) for i in x)
+    if x < min: return min
+    if x > max: return max
+    return x
+
+def generic_numel(x: torch.Tensor | TensorList) -> int:
+    if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor): return x.numel()
+    return x.global_numel()
+
+@overload
+def generic_zeros_like(x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: ...
+@overload
+def generic_zeros_like(x: TensorList) -> TensorList: ...
+def generic_zeros_like(x: torch.Tensor | TensorList):
+    if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor): return torch.zeros_like(x)
+    return x.zeros_like()
+
+def generic_vector_norm(x: torch.Tensor | TensorList, ord=2) -> torch.Tensor:
+    if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor): return torch.linalg.vector_norm(x, ord=ord) # pylint:disable=not-callable
+    return x.global_vector_norm(ord)
+
+
+
+@overload
+def generic_randn_like(x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: ...
+@overload
+def generic_randn_like(x: TensorList) -> TensorList: ...
+def generic_randn_like(x: torch.Tensor | TensorList):
+    if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor): return torch.randn_like(x)
+    return x.randn_like()
+