tinygrad 0.9.1__py3-none-any.whl → 0.9.2__py3-none-any.whl

tinygrad/runtime/ops_amd.py

@@ -1,60 +1,30 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
-from typing import Tuple, List, Any
-import os, fcntl, ctypes, ctypes.util, functools, re, pathlib, mmap, struct, errno, subprocess, time, array
+from typing import Tuple, List, Any, cast
+import os, fcntl, ctypes, ctypes.util, functools, pathlib, mmap, errno, time, array, contextlib, decimal
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from tinygrad.device import HCQCompatCompiled, HCQCompatAllocator, Compiler, CompileError, BufferOptions
-from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, init_c_struct_t, to_mv, round_up, DEBUG, PROFILE, mv_address
+from tinygrad.device import HCQCompiled, HCQAllocator, HCQBuffer, HWComputeQueue, HWCopyQueue, HCQArgsState, \
+                            HCQSignal, HCQProgram, BufferOptions
+from tinygrad.helpers import getenv, to_mv, round_up, data64_le, DEBUG, mv_address
 from tinygrad.renderer.cstyle import AMDRenderer
-from tinygrad.runtime.driver.hip_comgr import compile_hip
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.kfd as kfd
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.hsa as hsa
-import tinygrad.runtime.autogen.amd_gpu as amd_gpu
-if getenv("IOCTL"): import extra.hip_gpu_driver.hip_ioctl  # noqa: F401
-
-libc = ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library("c"))
-libc.mmap.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_size_t, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_int, ctypes.c_long]
-libc.mmap.restype = ctypes.c_void_p
-libc.munmap.argtypes = [ctypes.c_void_p, ctypes.c_size_t]
-libc.munmap.restype = ctypes.c_int
-
-if getenv("MOCKGPU"):
-  import extra.mockgpu.mockgpu  # noqa: F401
-  libc.mmap = extra.mockgpu.mockgpu._mmap # type: ignore
-  libc.munmap = extra.mockgpu.mockgpu._munmap # type: ignore
+from tinygrad.runtime.autogen import kfd, hsa, amd_gpu, libc
+from tinygrad.runtime.support.compiler_hip import AMDCompiler, disasm
+from tinygrad.runtime.support.elf import elf_loader
+if getenv("IOCTL"): import extra.hip_gpu_driver.hip_ioctl  # noqa: F401 # pylint: disable=unused-import
+if getenv("MOCKGPU"): import extra.mockgpu.mockgpu # noqa: F401 # pylint: disable=unused-import
 
 def is_usable_gpu(gpu_id):
-  try:
-    with gpu_id.open() as f:
-      return int(f.read()) != 0
-  except OSError:
-    return False
-
-def kfd_ioctl(idir, nr, user_struct, fd, made_struct=None, **kwargs):
-  made = made_struct or user_struct(**kwargs)
-  ret = fcntl.ioctl(fd, (idir<<30) | (ctypes.sizeof(made)<<16) | (ord('K')<<8) | nr, made)
+  with contextlib.suppress(OSError): return int(pathlib.Path(gpu_id).read_text()) != 0
+  return False
+
+def kfd_ioctl(idir, nr, user_struct, fd, **kwargs):
+  ret = fcntl.ioctl(fd, (idir<<30) | (ctypes.sizeof(made := user_struct(**kwargs))<<16) | (ord('K')<<8) | nr, made)
   if ret != 0: raise RuntimeError(f"ioctl returned {ret}")
   return made
 
-def ioctls_from_header():
-  #hdr = pathlib.Path("/usr/include/linux/kfd_ioctl.h").read_text().replace("\\\n", "")
-  #pattern = r'#define\s+(AMDKFD_IOC_[A-Z0-9_]+)\s+AMDKFD_(IOW?R?)\((0x[0-9a-fA-F]+),\s+struct\s([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\)'
-  #matches = re.findall(pattern, hdr, re.MULTILINE)
-  # get this from python instead
-  hdrpy = (pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "autogen" / "kfd.py").read_text()
-  pattern = r'# (AMDKFD_IOC_[A-Z0-9_]+)\s=\s_(IOW?R?).*\(( 0x[0-9a-fA-F]+) ,\s+struct\s([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\s+\)'
-  matches = re.findall(pattern, hdrpy, re.MULTILINE)
-  idirs = {"IOW": 1, "IOR": 2, "IOWR": 3}
-  fxns = {name.replace("AMDKFD_IOC_", "").lower():
-          functools.partial(kfd_ioctl, idirs[idir], int(nr, 0x10), getattr(kfd, "struct_"+sname))
-          for name, idir, nr, sname in matches}
-  return type("KIO", (object, ), fxns)
-kio = ioctls_from_header()
-
-SIGNAL_SIZE, SIGNAL_COUNT = ctypes.sizeof(hsa.amd_signal_t), 65536
-SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET = getattr(hsa.amd_signal_t, 'value').offset
-
-regBIF_BX_PF1_GPU_HDP_FLUSH_REQ = 0x0106
-regBIF_BX_PF1_GPU_HDP_FLUSH_DONE = 0x0107
+kio:Any = type("KIO", (object,), {name[11:].lower(): functools.partial(kfd_ioctl, {"IOW": 1, "IOR": 2, "IOWR": 3}[p[0]], p[1], p[2])
+                              for name,p in kfd.__dict__.items() if name.startswith("AMDKFD_IOC_")})
+
+regBIF_BX_PF1_GPU_HDP_FLUSH_REQ, regBIF_BX_PF1_GPU_HDP_FLUSH_DONE = 0x0106, 0x0107
 
 # VGT_EVENT_TYPE in navi10_enum.h
 CACHE_FLUSH_AND_INV_TS_EVENT = 0x14
@@ -66,27 +36,35 @@ COMPUTE_SHADER_EN, FORCE_START_AT_000, CS_W32_EN = (1 << 0), (1 << 2), (1 << 15)
 
 def gfxreg(reg): return reg + 0x00001260 - amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG_START
 def nbioreg(reg): return reg + 0x00000d20 # NBIO_BASE__INST0_SEG2
-def data64_le(data): return (data & 0xFFFFFFFF, data >> 32)
-
-class AMDCompiler(Compiler):
-  def __init__(self, arch:str):
-    self.arch = arch
-    super().__init__(f"compile_hip_{self.arch}")
-  def compile(self, src:str) -> bytes:
-    try: return compile_hip(src, self.arch)
-    except RuntimeError as e: raise CompileError(e) from e
-
-class HWQueue:
-  def __init__(self): self.q, self.cmd_offsets = [], [0]
-  def _mark_command_end(self):
-    self.cmd_offsets.append(len(self.q))
-    return self
-  def _patch(self, off, data): self.q[off:off+len(data)] = array.array('I', data)
-  def __len__(self): return len(self.cmd_offsets) - 1
-
-class HWPM4Queue(HWQueue):
+
+class AMDSignal(HCQSignal):
+  def __init__(self, value=0, alloc_event=False):
+    self._signal = AMDDevice.signals_pool.pop()
+    self._value_addr, self._timestamp_addr = mv_address(self._signal), mv_address(self._signal) + 8
+    if alloc_event:
+      sync_event = kio.create_event(AMDDevice.kfd, auto_reset=1)
+      self._event_mailbox_ptr = AMDDevice.event_page.va_addr + sync_event.event_slot_index*8
+      self._event_id = sync_event.event_id
+      self._evt_array = (kfd.struct_kfd_event_data)(event_id=self._event_id)
+    else: self._event_mailbox_ptr = self._event_id = 0
+    super().__init__(value)
+  def __del__(self): AMDDevice.signals_pool.append(self._signal)
+  def _get_value(self) -> int: return self._signal[0]
+  def _get_timestamp(self) -> decimal.Decimal: return decimal.Decimal(self._signal[1]) / decimal.Decimal(100)
+  def _set_value(self, new_value:int): self._signal[0] = new_value
+  def wait(self, value:int, timeout:int=10000):
+    start_time = time.time() * 1000
+    while (time_spent:=time.time() * 1000 - start_time) < timeout:
+      if self._signal[0] >= value: return
+
+      # Wait active for 5s, then going to sleep.
+      if time_spent > 5000 and self._event_id != 0:
+        kio.wait_events(AMDDevice.kfd, events_ptr=ctypes.addressof(self._evt_array), num_events=1, wait_for_all=1, timeout=1000)
+    raise RuntimeError(f"wait_signal: not set to {value}, but {self._signal[0]}, {timeout} ms TIMEOUT!")
+
+class AMDComputeQueue(HWComputeQueue):
   def __init__(self):
-    self.binded_device, self.ptr_to_dispatch_packet = None, {}
+    self.cmd_idx_to_local_offset, self.cmd_idx_to_global_offset, self.cmd_idx_to_dispatch_packet = {}, {}, {}
     super().__init__()
 
   def __del__(self):
@@ -94,7 +72,7 @@ class HWPM4Queue(HWQueue):
       self.binded_device.synchronize()
       self.binded_device._gpu_free(self.hw_page)
 
-  def _invalidate_cache(self, addr=0x0, sz=(1 << 64)-1, gli=1, glm=1, glk=1, glv=1, gl1=1, gl2=1):
+  def _acquire_mem(self, addr=0x0, sz=(1 << 64)-1, gli=1, glm=1, glk=1, glv=1, gl1=1, gl2=1):
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM, 6), 0, *data64_le(sz), *data64_le(addr), 0,
                amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM_GCR_CNTL_GLI_INV(gli) | \
                amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM_GCR_CNTL_GLM_INV(glm) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM_GCR_CNTL_GLM_WB(glm) | \
@@ -102,24 +80,39 @@ class HWPM4Queue(HWQueue):
                amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM_GCR_CNTL_GLV_INV(glv) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM_GCR_CNTL_GL1_INV(gl1) | \
                amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM_GCR_CNTL_GL2_INV(gl2) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_ACQUIRE_MEM_GCR_CNTL_GL2_WB(gl2)]
 
-  def memory_barrier(self):
+  def _release_mem(self, mem_event_type, mem_data_sel, mem_int_sel, address, value=0, cst=0, cache_flush=False):
+    cache_flush_flags = 0
+
+    if cache_flush:
+      cache_flush_flags = amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GLV_INV | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GL1_INV | \
+        amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GL2_INV | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GLM_WB | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GLM_INV | \
+        amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GL2_WB | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_SEQ
+
+    # event_index__mec_release_mem__end_of_pipe = 5
+    # event_index__mec_release_mem__shader_done = 6
+    self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM, 6),
+      amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_EVENT_TYPE(mem_event_type) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_EVENT_INDEX(5) | cache_flush_flags,
+      amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_DATA_SEL(mem_data_sel) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_INT_SEL(mem_int_sel) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_DST_SEL(0),
+      *data64_le(address), *data64_le(value), cst]
+
+  def _memory_barrier(self):
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_WAIT_REG_MEM, 5), amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_MEM_SPACE(0) | amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_OPERATION(1) | \
       amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_FUNCTION(WAIT_REG_MEM_FUNCTION_EQ) | amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_ENGINE(0), nbioreg(regBIF_BX_PF1_GPU_HDP_FLUSH_REQ),
       nbioreg(regBIF_BX_PF1_GPU_HDP_FLUSH_DONE), 0xffffffff, 0xffffffff, 0x20]
-    self._invalidate_cache()
-    return self._mark_command_end()
+    self._acquire_mem()
 
-  def exec(self, prg, kernargs, global_size:Tuple[int,int,int]=(1,1,1), local_size:Tuple[int,int,int]=(1,1,1), signal=None, signal_value=0):
-    self._invalidate_cache()
+  def _exec(self, prg, args_state, global_size:Tuple[int,int,int]=(1,1,1), local_size:Tuple[int,int,int]=(1,1,1)):
+    self._acquire_mem(gli=0, gl2=0)
 
-    user_data = [*data64_le(kernargs)]
-    if hasattr(prg, 'dispatch_packet_offset'):
-      dp = hsa.hsa_kernel_dispatch_packet_t.from_address(dp_addr:=kernargs + prg.dispatch_packet_offset)
+    user_regs, cmd_idx = [], len(self) - 1
+    if prg.enable_dispatch_ptr:
+      dp = hsa.hsa_kernel_dispatch_packet_t.from_address(dp_addr:=args_state.ptr + prg.kernargs_segment_size)
       dp.workgroup_size_x, dp.workgroup_size_y, dp.workgroup_size_z = local_size[0], local_size[1], local_size[2]
       dp.grid_size_x, dp.grid_size_y, dp.grid_size_z = global_size[0]*local_size[0], global_size[1]*local_size[1], global_size[2]*local_size[2]
-      dp.group_segment_size, dp.private_segment_size, dp.kernarg_address = prg.group_segment_size, prg.private_segment_size, kernargs
-      user_data = [*data64_le(dp_addr)] + user_data
-      self.ptr_to_dispatch_packet[len(self)] = dp
+      dp.group_segment_size, dp.private_segment_size, dp.kernarg_address = prg.group_segment_size, prg.private_segment_size, args_state.ptr
+      user_regs += [*data64_le(dp_addr)]
+      self.cmd_idx_to_dispatch_packet[cmd_idx] = dp
+    user_regs += [*data64_le(args_state.ptr)]
 
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, 6), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_PGM_LO), *data64_le(prg.prog_addr >> 8),
                *data64_le(0), *data64_le(prg.device.scratch.va_addr >> 8)]
@@ -129,79 +122,54 @@ class HWPM4Queue(HWQueue):
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, 2), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_STATIC_THREAD_MGMT_SE0)] + [0xFFFFFFFF] * 2
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, 2), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_STATIC_THREAD_MGMT_SE2)] + [0xFFFFFFFF] * 2
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, 4), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_STATIC_THREAD_MGMT_SE4)] + [0xFFFFFFFF] * 4
-    self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, len(user_data)), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_USER_DATA_0)] + user_data
+    self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, len(user_regs)), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_USER_DATA_0)] + user_regs
+
+    self.cmd_idx_to_local_offset[cmd_idx] = len(self.q) - self.cmds_offset[cmd_idx] + 5 # +1 to skip PACKET3_SET_SH_REG + reg + 3 zeros.
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, 8), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_START_X), 0, 0, 0, *local_size, 0, 0]
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_SET_SH_REG, 1), gfxreg(amd_gpu.regCOMPUTE_RESOURCE_LIMITS), 0]
+
+    self.cmd_idx_to_global_offset[cmd_idx] = len(self.q) - self.cmds_offset[cmd_idx] + 1 # +1 to skip PACKET3_DISPATCH_DIRECT.
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_DISPATCH_DIRECT, 3), *global_size, CS_W32_EN | FORCE_START_AT_000 | COMPUTE_SHADER_EN]
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_EVENT_WRITE, 0), amd_gpu.EVENT_TYPE(7) | amd_gpu.EVENT_INDEX(4)]
 
-    if signal is not None: self.signal(signal, signal_value)
-    return self._mark_command_end()
+  def _update_exec(self, cmd_idx, global_size, local_size):
+    if local_size is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=self.cmd_idx_to_local_offset[cmd_idx], data=local_size)
+    if global_size is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=self.cmd_idx_to_global_offset[cmd_idx], data=global_size)
 
-  def update_exec(self, cmd_idx, global_size, local_size):
-    # Patch the exec cmd with new launch dims
-    assert self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 60] == amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_DISPATCH_DIRECT, 3), f"Command at index {cmd_idx} is not exec"
-    self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 52 : self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 55] = array.array('I', local_size)
-    self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 61 : self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 64] = array.array('I', global_size)
+    if (dp:=self.cmd_idx_to_dispatch_packet.get(cmd_idx)) is not None:
+      if local_size is not None: dp.workgroup_size_x, dp.workgroup_size_y, dp.workgroup_size_z = local_size[0], local_size[1], local_size[2]
+      if global_size is not None:
+        dp.grid_size_x,dp.grid_size_y,dp.grid_size_z = [g*l for g,l in zip(global_size,[dp.workgroup_size_x,dp.workgroup_size_y,dp.workgroup_size_z])]
 
-    if (dp:=self.ptr_to_dispatch_packet.get(cmd_idx)) is not None:
-      dp.workgroup_size_x, dp.workgroup_size_y, dp.workgroup_size_z = local_size[0], local_size[1], local_size[2]
-      dp.grid_size_x, dp.grid_size_y, dp.grid_size_z = global_size[0]*local_size[0], global_size[1]*local_size[1], global_size[2]*local_size[2]
-
-  def wait(self, signal:hsa.amd_signal_t, value=0):
-    addr = ctypes.addressof(signal) + SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET
+  def _wait(self, signal, value=0):
     self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_WAIT_REG_MEM, 5),
       amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_MEM_SPACE(1) | amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_OPERATION(0) | amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_FUNCTION(WAIT_REG_MEM_FUNCTION_GEQ) | \
-      amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_ENGINE(0), *data64_le(addr), value, 0xffffffff, 4]
-    return self._mark_command_end()
+      amd_gpu.WAIT_REG_MEM_ENGINE(0), *data64_le(signal._value_addr), value, 0xffffffff, 4]
 
-  def _release_mem(self, mem_event_type, mem_data_sel, mem_int_sel, address, value=0, cst=0, cache_flush=False):
-    cache_flush_flags = 0
+  def _timestamp(self, signal): self._release_mem(CACHE_FLUSH_AND_INV_TS_EVENT, mem_data_sel=3, mem_int_sel=0, address=signal._timestamp_addr)
 
-    if cache_flush:
-      cache_flush_flags = amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GLV_INV | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GL1_INV | \
-        amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GL2_INV | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GLM_WB | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GLM_INV | \
-        amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_GL2_WB | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_GCR_SEQ
+  def _signal(self, signal, value=0):
+    # NOTE: this needs an EOP buffer on the queue or it will NULL pointer
+    self._release_mem(CACHE_FLUSH_AND_INV_TS_EVENT, mem_data_sel=1, mem_int_sel=2, address=signal._value_addr, value=value, cache_flush=True)
+    if signal._event_mailbox_ptr != 0:
+      self._release_mem(CACHE_FLUSH_AND_INV_TS_EVENT, mem_data_sel=1, mem_int_sel=2, address=signal._event_mailbox_ptr,
+                        value=signal._event_id, cst=signal._event_id, cache_flush=False)
 
-    # event_index__mec_release_mem__end_of_pipe = 5
-    # event_index__mec_release_mem__shader_done = 6
-    self.q += [amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM, 6),
-      amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_EVENT_TYPE(mem_event_type) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_EVENT_INDEX(5) | cache_flush_flags,
-      amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_DATA_SEL(mem_data_sel) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_INT_SEL(mem_int_sel) | amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM_DST_SEL(0),
-      *data64_le(address), *data64_le(value), cst]
+  def _update_wait(self, cmd_idx, signal=None, value=None):
+    if signal is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=2, data=data64_le(signal._value_addr))
+    if value is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=4, data=[value])
 
-  def timestamp(self, sig):
-    self._release_mem(CACHE_FLUSH_AND_INV_TS_EVENT, mem_data_sel=3, mem_int_sel=0,
-                      address=ctypes.addressof(sig) + getattr(hsa.amd_signal_t, 'start_ts').offset)
-    return self._mark_command_end()
+  def _update_signal(self, cmd_idx, signal=None, value=None):
+    if signal is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=3, data=data64_le(signal._value_addr))
+    if value is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=5, data=data64_le(value))
 
-  def signal(self, signal:hsa.amd_signal_t, value=0):
-    # NOTE: this needs an EOP buffer on the queue or it will NULL pointer
-    self._release_mem(CACHE_FLUSH_AND_INV_TS_EVENT, mem_data_sel=1, mem_int_sel=2, address=ctypes.addressof(signal) + SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET,
-                      value=value, cache_flush=True)
-    if signal.event_mailbox_ptr != 0:
-      self._release_mem(CACHE_FLUSH_AND_INV_TS_EVENT, mem_data_sel=1, mem_int_sel=2, address=signal.event_mailbox_ptr,
-                        value=signal.event_id, cst=signal.event_id, cache_flush=True)
-    return self._mark_command_end()
-
-  def update_wait(self, cmd_idx, signal=None, value=None):
-    assert self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx]] == amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_WAIT_REG_MEM, 5), f"Command at index {cmd_idx} is not wait"
-    if signal is not None: self._patch(self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 2, [*data64_le(ctypes.addressof(signal) + SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET)])
-    if value is not None: self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 4] = value
-    return self
-
-  def update_signal(self, cmd_idx, signal=None, value=None):
-    assert self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx]] == amd_gpu.PACKET3(amd_gpu.PACKET3_RELEASE_MEM, 6), f"Command at index {cmd_idx} is not signal"
-    if signal is not None:
-      self._patch(self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 3, [*data64_le(ctypes.addressof(signal) + SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET)])
-      if signal.event_mailbox_ptr != 0:
-        self._patch(self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 8 + 3, [*data64_le(signal.event_mailbox_ptr), *data64_le(signal.event_id), signal.event_id])
-    if value is not None: self._patch(self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 5, [*data64_le(value)])
-    return self
-
-  def bind(self, device: AMDDevice):
+    # Check if the signal command has mailptr part
+    if signal is not None and self.cmds_len[cmd_idx] > 8:
+      self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=11, data=[*data64_le(signal._event_mailbox_ptr), *data64_le(signal._event_id), signal._event_id])
+
+  def bind(self, device):
     self.binded_device = device
-    self.hw_page = device._gpu_alloc(len(self.q) * 4, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_GTT, uncached=True)
+    self.hw_page = cast(AMDDevice, device)._gpu_alloc(len(self.q) * 4, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_GTT, uncached=True)
     hw_view = to_mv(self.hw_page.va_addr, self.hw_page.size).cast("I")
     for i, value in enumerate(self.q): hw_view[i] = value
 
@@ -209,7 +177,7 @@ class HWPM4Queue(HWQueue):
                          len(self.q) | amd_gpu.INDIRECT_BUFFER_VALID]
     self.q = hw_view # type: ignore
 
-  def submit(self, device: AMDDevice):
+  def _submit(self, device):
     cmds = self.indirect_cmd if device == self.binded_device else self.q
 
     for i, value in enumerate(cmds): device.compute_queue.ring[(device.compute_queue.put_value + i) % len(device.compute_queue.ring)] = value
@@ -217,25 +185,20 @@ class HWPM4Queue(HWQueue):
     device.compute_queue.put_value += len(cmds)
     device.compute_queue.write_ptr[0] = device.compute_queue.put_value
     device.compute_queue.doorbell[0] = device.compute_queue.put_value
-    return self
 
 SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE = 0x400000
-class HWCopyQueue(HWQueue):
+class AMDCopyQueue(HWCopyQueue):
   def __init__(self):
-    self.internal_cmd_sizes = []
+    self.internal_cmd_sizes, self.copy_cmds_per_copy = [], {}
     super().__init__()
 
   def _q(self, arr):
     self.q += arr
     self.internal_cmd_sizes.append(len(arr))
 
-  def copy(self, dest, src, copy_size):
-    # Invalidate cache inv
-    self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_GCR_REQ, 0, amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GLM_INV | amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GLK_INV | amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GLK_WB | amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GLV_INV | \
-      amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GL1_INV | amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GL2_WB | amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GL2_INV, 0, 0])
-
-    copied = 0
-    copy_commands = (copy_size + SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE - 1) // SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE
+  def _copy(self, dest, src, copy_size):
+    copied, copy_commands = 0, (copy_size + SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE - 1) // SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE
+    self.copy_cmds_per_copy[len(self) - 1] = copy_commands
     for _ in range(copy_commands):
       step_copy_size = min(copy_size - copied, SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE)
 
@@ -244,39 +207,33 @@ class HWCopyQueue(HWQueue):
 
       copied += step_copy_size
 
-    # Invalidate cache wb
-    self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_GCR_REQ, 0, amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GLK_WB | amd_gpu.SDMA_GCR_GL2_WB, 0, 0])
-
-    return self._mark_command_end()
+  def _update_copy(self, cmd_idx, dest=None, src=None):
+    for i in range(self.copy_cmds_per_copy[cmd_idx]):
+      if src is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=3+i*7, data=[*data64_le(src + SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE*i)])
+      if dest is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=5+i*7, data=[*data64_le(dest + SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE*i)])
 
-  def signal(self, signal: hsa.amd_signal_t, value=0):
-    self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_FENCE | amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_FENCE_HEADER_MTYPE(3), *data64_le(ctypes.addressof(signal) + SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET), value])
+  def _signal(self, signal, value=0):
+    self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_FENCE | amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_FENCE_HEADER_MTYPE(3), *data64_le(signal._value_addr), value])
 
-    if signal.event_mailbox_ptr != 0:
-      self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_FENCE | amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_FENCE_HEADER_MTYPE(3), *data64_le(signal.event_mailbox_ptr), signal.event_id])
-      self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_TRAP, amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_TRAP_INT_CONTEXT_INT_CONTEXT(signal.event_id)])
+    if signal._event_mailbox_ptr != 0:
+      self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_FENCE | amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_FENCE_HEADER_MTYPE(3), *data64_le(signal._event_mailbox_ptr), signal._event_id])
+      self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_TRAP, amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_TRAP_INT_CONTEXT_INT_CONTEXT(signal._event_id)])
 
-    return self._mark_command_end()
-
-  def wait(self, signal: hsa.amd_signal_t, value=0):
+  def _wait(self, signal, value=0):
     self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_POLL_REGMEM | amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_POLL_REGMEM_HEADER_FUNC(WAIT_REG_MEM_FUNCTION_GEQ) | \
-      amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_POLL_REGMEM_HEADER_MEM_POLL(1), *data64_le(ctypes.addressof(signal) + SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET), value, 0xffffffff,
+      amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_POLL_REGMEM_HEADER_MEM_POLL(1), *data64_le(signal._value_addr), value, 0xffffffff,
       amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_POLL_REGMEM_DW5_INTERVAL(0x04) | amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_POLL_REGMEM_DW5_RETRY_COUNT(0xfff)])
 
-    return self._mark_command_end()
-
-  def update_wait(self, cmd_idx, signal=None, value=None):
-    assert self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx]] & 0xf == amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_POLL_REGMEM, f"Command at index {cmd_idx} is not wait"
-    if signal is not None: self._patch(self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 1, [*data64_le(ctypes.addressof(signal) + SIGNAL_VALUE_OFFSET)])
-    if value is not None: self.q[self.cmd_offsets[cmd_idx] + 3] = value
-    return self
+  def _update_signal(self, cmd_idx, signal=None, value=None): return self._update_wait(cmd_idx, signal, value) # the same offsets and commands
+  def _update_wait(self, cmd_idx, signal=None, value=None):
+    if signal is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=1, data=data64_le(signal._value_addr))
+    if value is not None: self._patch(cmd_idx, offset=3, data=[value])
 
-  def timestamp(self, sig: hsa.amd_signal_t):
+  def _timestamp(self, signal):
     self._q([amd_gpu.SDMA_OP_TIMESTAMP | amd_gpu.SDMA_PKT_TIMESTAMP_GET_HEADER_SUB_OP(amd_gpu.SDMA_SUBOP_TIMESTAMP_GET_GLOBAL),
-             *data64_le(ctypes.addressof(sig) + getattr(hsa.amd_signal_t, 'start_ts').offset)])
-    return self._mark_command_end()
+             *data64_le(signal._timestamp_addr)])
 
-  def submit(self, device: AMDDevice):
+  def _submit(self, device):
     if device.sdma_queue.put_value - device.sdma_queue.read_ptr[0] > device.sdma_queue.ring.nbytes: raise RuntimeError("SDMA queue overrun")
 
     tail_blit_dword = 0
@@ -298,104 +255,68 @@ class HWCopyQueue(HWQueue):
 
     device.sdma_queue.write_ptr[0] = device.sdma_queue.put_value
     device.sdma_queue.doorbell[0] = device.sdma_queue.put_value
-    return self
 
-SHT_PROGBITS, SHF_ALLOC = 0x1, 0x2
-class AMDProgram:
+class AMDArgsState(HCQArgsState):
+  def __init__(self, ptr:int, prg:AMDProgram, bufs:Tuple[HCQBuffer, ...], vals:Tuple[int, ...]=()):
+    super().__init__(ptr, prg, bufs, vals=vals)
+
+    self.bufs = to_mv(self.ptr, len(bufs) * 8).cast('Q')
+    self.vals = to_mv(self.ptr + len(bufs) * 8, len(vals) * 4).cast('I')
+
+    self.bufs[:] = array.array('Q', [b.va_addr for b in bufs])
+    self.vals[:] = array.array('I', vals)
+
+  def update_buffer(self, index:int, buf:HCQBuffer): self.bufs[index] = buf.va_addr
+  def update_var(self, index:int, val:int): self.vals[index] = val
+
+class AMDProgram(HCQProgram):
   def __init__(self, device:AMDDevice, name:str, lib:bytes):
     # TODO; this API needs the type signature of the function and global_size/local_size
     self.device, self.name, self.lib = device, name, lib
 
-    if DEBUG >= 6:
-      asm = subprocess.check_output(["/opt/rocm/llvm/bin/llvm-objdump", '-d', '-'], input=lib)
-      print('\n'.join([x for x in asm.decode('utf-8').split("\n") if 's_code_end' not in x]))
-
-    _phoff, _shoff, _flags, _ehsize, _phentsize, _phnum, _shentsize, _shnum, _shstrndx = struct.unpack_from("<QQIHHHHHH", self.lib, 0x20)
-    sections = [struct.unpack_from("<IIQQQQIIQ", self.lib, _shoff + i * _shentsize) for i in range(_shnum)]
-
-    lib_gpu_size = round_up(max(sh[5]+sh[3] for sh in sections if sh[1] == SHT_PROGBITS), 0x1000)
-    self.lib_gpu = self.device._gpu_alloc(lib_gpu_size, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_VRAM, public=True)
-    lib_gpu_view = to_mv(self.lib_gpu.va_addr, lib_gpu_size)
+    if DEBUG >= 6: print(disasm(lib))
 
-    for _, sh_type, sh_flags, sh_addr, sh_offset, sh_size, _, _, _ in sections:
-      if sh_type == SHT_PROGBITS and sh_flags & SHF_ALLOC: lib_gpu_view[sh_addr:sh_addr+sh_size] = self.lib[sh_offset:sh_offset+sh_size]
+    image, sections, _ = elf_loader(self.lib)
+    self.lib_gpu = self.device._gpu_alloc(round_up(image.nbytes, 0x1000), kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_VRAM, public=True)
+    ctypes.memmove(self.lib_gpu.va_addr, mv_address(image), image.nbytes)
 
-    entry_point = min(sh[3] for sh in sections if sh[1] == SHT_PROGBITS and sh[2] & SHF_ALLOC)
-    self.group_segment_size = lib_gpu_view.cast("I")[entry_point//4]
-    self.private_segment_size = lib_gpu_view.cast("I")[entry_point//4 + 1]
-    self.kernargs_segment_size = lib_gpu_view.cast("I")[entry_point//4 + 2]
-    self.kernargs_alloc_size = self.kernargs_segment_size
-    self.kernargs_offset = 0
+    entry_point = min(sh.header.sh_addr for sh in sections if sh.header.sh_type == libc.SHT_PROGBITS and sh.header.sh_flags & libc.SHF_ALLOC)
+    self.group_segment_size = image[entry_point:entry_point+4].cast("I")[0]
+    self.private_segment_size = image[entry_point+4:entry_point+8].cast("I")[0]
+    self.kernargs_segment_size = image[entry_point+8:entry_point+12].cast("I")[0]
 
     lds_size = ((self.group_segment_size + 511) // 512) & 0x1FF
     if lds_size > (self.device.properties['lds_size_in_kb'] * 1024) // 512: raise RuntimeError("Too many resources requsted: group_segment_size")
     if self.private_segment_size > self.device.max_private_segment_size: raise RuntimeError("Too many resources requsted: private_segment_size")
 
     code = hsa.amd_kernel_code_t.from_address(self.lib_gpu.va_addr + entry_point) # NOTE: this is wrong, it's not this object
-    self.rsrc1 = code.compute_pgm_rsrc1
-    self.rsrc2 = code.compute_pgm_rsrc2 | (lds_size << 15)
-
-    if code.kernel_code_properties & 0x2 == 0x2: # ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR
-      # Allocate space for the dispatch packet in the kernargs to pass it to the GPU.
-      self.dispatch_packet_offset = self.kernargs_alloc_size
-      self.kernargs_alloc_size += ctypes.sizeof(hsa.hsa_kernel_dispatch_packet_t)
-
     assert code.kernel_code_properties & 0x400 == 0x400 # ENABLE_WAVEFRONT_SIZE32
-    assert code.workitem_private_segment_byte_size == 0
-    assert code.max_scratch_backing_memory_byte_size == 0
-    assert code.kernel_code_prefetch_byte_size == 0
 
+    self.rsrc1 = code.compute_pgm_rsrc1
+    self.rsrc2 = code.compute_pgm_rsrc2 | (lds_size << 15)
     self.prog_addr = self.lib_gpu.va_addr + entry_point + code.kernel_code_entry_byte_offset
 
-    HWPM4Queue().memory_barrier().submit(self.device)
+    # Some programs use hsa_kernel_dispatch_packet_t to read workgroup sizes during execution.
+    # The packet is represented as a pointer and set up in SGPRs. Space for the packet is allocated as part of the kernel arguments.
+    self.enable_dispatch_ptr = code.kernel_code_properties & hsa.AMD_KERNEL_CODE_PROPERTIES_ENABLE_SGPR_DISPATCH_PTR
+    additional_alloc_sz = ctypes.sizeof(hsa.hsa_kernel_dispatch_packet_t) if self.enable_dispatch_ptr else 0
+
+    super().__init__(AMDArgsState, self.device, self.name, kernargs_alloc_size=self.kernargs_segment_size+additional_alloc_sz)
 
-  # NOTE: no programs are ever freed
   def __del__(self):
-    if hasattr(self, 'lib_gpu'): self.device._gpu_free(self.lib_gpu)
-
-  def __call__(self, *args, global_size:Tuple[int,int,int]=(1,1,1), local_size:Tuple[int,int,int]=(1,1,1), vals:Tuple[int, ...]=(), wait=False):
-    if self.device.kernargs_ptr + self.kernargs_alloc_size > (self.device.kernargs.va_addr + self.device.kernargs.size):
-      self.device.kernargs_ptr = self.device.kernargs.va_addr
-
-    if not hasattr(self, "args_struct_t"):
-      self.args_struct_t = init_c_struct_t(tuple([(f'f{i}', ctypes.c_void_p) for i in range(len(args))] +
-                                                 [(f'v{i}', ctypes.c_int) for i in range(len(vals))]))
-      if ctypes.sizeof(self.args_struct_t) != self.kernargs_segment_size:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"AMDProgram.__call__: incorrect args struct size {ctypes.sizeof(self.args_struct_t)} != {self.kernargs_segment_size}")
-
-    args_st = self.args_struct_t.from_address(self.device.kernargs_ptr)
-    for i in range(len(args)): args_st.__setattr__(f'f{i}', args[i].va_addr)
-    for i in range(len(vals)): args_st.__setattr__(f'v{i}', vals[i])
-
-    sig_st, sig_en = (self.device._get_signal(), self.device._get_signal()) if PROFILE else (self.device.time_event_st, self.device.time_event_en)
-
-    q = HWPM4Queue()
-    q.wait(self.device.timeline_signal, self.device.timeline_value - 1).memory_barrier()
-    if wait or PROFILE: q.timestamp(sig_st)
-    q.exec(self, self.device.kernargs_ptr, global_size, local_size)
-    if wait or PROFILE: q.timestamp(sig_en)
-    q.signal(self.device.timeline_signal, self.device.timeline_value).submit(self.device)
-    self.device.timeline_value += 1
-    self.device.kernargs_ptr += self.kernargs_alloc_size
-
-    if PROFILE: self.device.sig_prof_records.append((sig_st, sig_en, self.name, False))
-    if wait:
-      self.device._wait_signal(self.device.timeline_signal, self.device.timeline_value - 1)
-      return (sig_en.start_ts - sig_st.start_ts) / 1e8
-
-class AMDAllocator(HCQCompatAllocator):
+    if hasattr(self, 'lib_gpu'): cast(AMDDevice, self.device)._gpu_free(self.lib_gpu)
+
+class AMDAllocator(HCQAllocator):
   def __init__(self, device:AMDDevice): super().__init__(device, batch_size=SDMA_MAX_COPY_SIZE)
 
-  def _alloc(self, size:int, options:BufferOptions):
-    try:
-      if options.host: return self.device._gpu_alloc(size, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_USERPTR, public=True)
-      return self.device._gpu_alloc(size, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_VRAM, public=options.cpu_access)
-    except OSError as e:
-      if e.errno == errno.ENOMEM: raise MemoryError("Cannot allocate memory") from e
-      raise
+  def _alloc(self, size:int, options:BufferOptions) -> HCQBuffer:
+    if options.host: return self.device._gpu_alloc(size, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_USERPTR, public=True)
+    return self.device._gpu_alloc(size, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_VRAM, public=options.cpu_access)
 
   def _free(self, opaque, options:BufferOptions): self.device._gpu_free(opaque)
 
+  def map(self, buf:HCQBuffer): self.device._gpu_map(buf._base if hasattr(buf, '_base') else buf)
+
 MAP_FIXED, MAP_NORESERVE = 0x10, 0x400
 
 @dataclass
@@ -406,11 +327,11 @@ class AMDQueueDesc:
   doorbell: memoryview
   put_value: int = 0
 
-class AMDDevice(HCQCompatCompiled):
+class AMDDevice(HCQCompiled):
   kfd:int = -1
   event_page:Any = None  # TODO: fix types in kfd, Optional[kfd.struct_kfd_ioctl_alloc_memory_of_gpu_args]
   signals_page:Any = None
-  signals_pool:List[hsa.amd_signal_t] = []
+  signals_pool:List[memoryview] = []
   gpus:List[pathlib.Path] = []
 
   def _gpu_map(self, mem):
@@ -429,7 +350,14 @@ class AMDDevice(HCQCompatCompiled):
     else:
       buf, addr = 0, libc.mmap(0, size, 0, mmap.MAP_PRIVATE|mmap.MAP_ANONYMOUS|MAP_NORESERVE, -1, 0)
     assert addr != 0xffffffffffffffff
-    mem = kio.alloc_memory_of_gpu(self.kfd, va_addr=addr, size=size, base=addr, length=size, gpu_id=self.gpu_id, flags=flags, mmap_offset=buf)
+
+    try: mem = kio.alloc_memory_of_gpu(self.kfd, va_addr=addr, size=size, base=addr, length=size, gpu_id=self.gpu_id, flags=flags, mmap_offset=buf)
+    except OSError as e:
+      if e.errno == errno.EINVAL and (flags & kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_VRAM) and public:
+        raise MemoryError("Cannot allocate host-visible VRAM. Ensure the resizable BAR option is enabled on your system.") from e
+      if e.errno == errno.ENOMEM: raise MemoryError("Cannot allocate memory: no memory is available.") from e
+      raise
+
     if not (flags & kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_USERPTR):
       buf = libc.mmap(mem.va_addr, mem.size, mmap.PROT_READ|mmap.PROT_WRITE, mmap.MAP_SHARED|MAP_FIXED, self.drm_fd, mem.mmap_offset)
       assert addr == buf == mem.va_addr
@@ -444,63 +372,34 @@ class AMDDevice(HCQCompatCompiled):
     libc.munmap(mem.va_addr, mem.size)
     kio.free_memory_of_gpu(self.kfd, handle=mem.handle)
 
-  @classmethod
-  def _read_signal(self, sig): return sig.value
-
-  @classmethod
-  def _read_timestamp(self, sig): return sig.start_ts
-
-  @classmethod
-  def _set_signal(self, sig, value): sig.value = value
-
-  @classmethod
-  def _get_signal(self, value=0, **kwargs) -> hsa.amd_signal_t:
-    self._set_signal(ret := self.signals_pool.pop(), value)
-    if (sync_event:=kwargs.get('sync_event')) is not None:
-      ret.event_mailbox_ptr = AMDDevice.event_page.va_addr + sync_event.event_slot_index*8
-      ret.event_id = sync_event.event_id
-    else: ret.event_mailbox_ptr = ret.event_id = 0
-    return ret
-
-  @classmethod
-  def _wait_signal(self, signal:hsa.amd_signal_t, value=0, timeout=10000):
-    assert signal.event_id != 0, "can't wait on this signal"
-    evt_arr = (kfd.struct_kfd_event_data)(event_id=signal.event_id)
-
-    # Wait active for 5s, then going to sleep.
-    start_time = time.time() * 1000
-    while (time_spent:=time.time() * 1000 - start_time) < timeout:
-      if signal.value >= value: return
-      if time_spent > 5000: kio.wait_events(AMDDevice.kfd, events_ptr=ctypes.addressof(evt_arr), num_events=1, wait_for_all=1, timeout=1000)
-    raise RuntimeError(f"wait_signal: not set to {value}, but {signal.value}, {timeout} ms TIMEOUT!")
-
   def __init__(self, device:str=""):
     if AMDDevice.kfd == -1:
       AMDDevice.kfd = os.open("/dev/kfd", os.O_RDWR)
-      AMDDevice.gpus = [g.parent for g in pathlib.Path("/sys/devices/virtual/kfd/kfd/topology/nodes").glob("*/gpu_id") if is_usable_gpu(g)]
+      gpus = [g.parent for g in pathlib.Path("/sys/devices/virtual/kfd/kfd/topology/nodes").glob("*/gpu_id") if is_usable_gpu(g)]
+      gpus = sorted(gpus, key=lambda x: int(x.name.split('/')[-1]))
+      visible_devices = [int(x) for x in (getenv('VISIBLE_DEVICES', getenv('HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES', ''))).split(',') if x.strip()]
+      AMDDevice.gpus = [gpus[x] for x in visible_devices] if visible_devices else gpus
+
     self.device_id = int(device.split(":")[1]) if ":" in device else 0
+    if self.device_id >= len(AMDDevice.gpus): raise RuntimeError(f"No device found for {device}. Requesting more devices than the system has?")
+
     with open(f"{AMDDevice.gpus[self.device_id]}/gpu_id", "r") as f: self.gpu_id = int(f.read())
     with open(f"{AMDDevice.gpus[self.device_id]}/properties", "r") as f: self.properties = {line.split()[0]: int(line.split()[1]) for line in f}
     self.drm_fd = os.open(f"/dev/dri/renderD{self.properties['drm_render_minor']}", os.O_RDWR)
     target = int(self.properties['gfx_target_version'])
     self.arch = "gfx%d%x%x" % (target // 10000, (target // 100) % 100, target % 100)
+    if target < 110000 or target >= 120000: raise RuntimeError(f"Unsupported arch: {self.arch}")
+
     kio.acquire_vm(AMDDevice.kfd, drm_fd=self.drm_fd, gpu_id=self.gpu_id)
 
     if AMDDevice.event_page is None:
-      AMDDevice.signals_page = self._gpu_alloc(SIGNAL_SIZE*SIGNAL_COUNT, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_GTT, uncached=True)
+      AMDDevice.signals_page = self._gpu_alloc(16 * 65536, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_GTT, uncached=True)
       AMDDevice.event_page = self._gpu_alloc(0x8000, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_GTT, uncached=True)
-      for off in range(0, AMDDevice.signals_page.size, SIGNAL_SIZE):
-        AMDDevice.signals_pool.append(hsa.amd_signal_t.from_address(AMDDevice.signals_page.va_addr + off))
-      sync_event = kio.create_event(AMDDevice.kfd, event_page_offset=AMDDevice.event_page.handle, auto_reset=1)
+      AMDDevice.signals_pool = [to_mv(self.signals_page.va_addr + off, 16).cast("Q") for off in range(0, AMDDevice.signals_page.size, 16)]
+      kio.create_event(AMDDevice.kfd, event_page_offset=AMDDevice.event_page.handle)
     else:
       self._gpu_map(AMDDevice.signals_page)
       self._gpu_map(AMDDevice.event_page)
-      sync_event = kio.create_event(AMDDevice.kfd, auto_reset=1)
-
-    self.time_event_st, self.time_event_en = AMDDevice._get_signal(), AMDDevice._get_signal()
-
-    self.kernargs = self._gpu_alloc(0x1000000, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_VRAM)
-    self.kernargs_ptr = self.kernargs.va_addr
 
     # Scratch setup
     max_cu_id = self.properties['simd_count'] // self.properties['simd_per_cu'] - 1
@@ -515,12 +414,8 @@ class AMDDevice(HCQCompatCompiled):
     self.compute_queue = self._alloc_queue(kfd.KFD_IOC_QUEUE_TYPE_COMPUTE, 0x100000, ctx_save_restore_size=0x2C02000, eop_buffer_size=0x1000)
     self.sdma_queue = self._alloc_queue(kfd.KFD_IOC_QUEUE_TYPE_SDMA, 0x100000)
 
-    super().__init__(device, AMDAllocator(self), AMDRenderer(), AMDCompiler(self.arch), functools.partial(AMDProgram, self), HWPM4Queue, HWCopyQueue,
-      timeline_signals=[self._get_signal(sync_event=sync_event), self._get_signal(sync_event=kio.create_event(AMDDevice.kfd, auto_reset=1))])
-
-  def _gpu2cpu_time(self, gpu_time, is_copy):
-    if is_copy: return self.copy_cpu_start_time + (gpu_time - self.copy_gpu_start_time) / 1e2
-    return self.cpu_start_time + (gpu_time - self.gpu_start_time) / 1e2
+    super().__init__(device, AMDAllocator(self), AMDRenderer(), AMDCompiler(self.arch), functools.partial(AMDProgram, self),
+                     AMDSignal, AMDComputeQueue, AMDCopyQueue, (AMDSignal(alloc_event=True), AMDSignal(alloc_event=True)))
 
   def _alloc_queue(self, queue_type, ring_size, ctx_save_restore_size=None, eop_buffer_size=None) -> AMDQueueDesc:
     gart = self._gpu_alloc(0x1000, kfd.KFD_IOC_ALLOC_MEM_FLAGS_GTT, uncached=True)
@@ -541,10 +436,7 @@ class AMDDevice(HCQCompatCompiled):
                         read_ptr=to_mv(queue.read_pointer_address, 8).cast("Q"), write_ptr=to_mv(queue.write_pointer_address, 8).cast("Q"),
                         doorbell=to_mv(self.doorbells + queue.doorbell_offset - self.doorbells_base, 8).cast("Q"))
 
-  def synchronize(self):
-    AMDDevice._wait_signal(self.timeline_signal, self.timeline_value - 1)
-
-    # reset kernargs
-    self.kernargs_ptr = self.kernargs.va_addr
-    if self.timeline_value > (1 << 31): self._wrap_timeline_signal()
-    if PROFILE: self._prof_process_events()
+  def invalidate_caches(self):
+    AMDComputeQueue().memory_barrier().signal(self.timeline_signal, self.timeline_value).submit(self)
+    self.timeline_value += 1
+    self.synchronize()