theseusplot 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

theseusplot/py.typed

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theseusplot-0.1.0.dist-info/METADATA

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+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: theseusplot
+Version: 0.1.0
+Summary: Python port of TheseusPlot for decomposing differences in rate metrics.
+Author: TheseusPlot.py contributors
+License: MIT
+Requires-Python: >=3.10
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib>=3.7
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=1.24
+Requires-Dist: pandas>=2.0
+Provides-Extra: dev
+Requires-Dist: mypy>=1.8; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: pytest>=8.0; extra == 'dev'
+Requires-Dist: ruff>=0.4; extra == 'dev'
+Provides-Extra: examples
+Requires-Dist: nycflights13>=0.0.3; extra == 'examples'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+
+<!-- README.md is generated from README.Rmd. Please edit that file -->
+
+# TheseusPlot: Visualizing Decomposition of Differences in Rate Metrics
+
+<!-- badges: start -->
+
+[![CI](https://github.com/hoxo-m/TheseusPlot_py/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/hoxo-m/TheseusPlot_py/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
+
+<!-- badges: end -->
+
+## 1. Overview
+
+In data analysis, when a metric differs between two groups, we sometimes
+want to investigate whether a particular subgroup is driving that
+difference. For example, when a key metric decline is detected compared
+to the previous year, you may want to conduct a more detailed analysis.
+In this analysis, you may focus on gender among the attributes and
+examine whether the decline occurred among male, female, or both.
+However, this type of analysis is challenging when the metric is a rate,
+because the magnitude of each subgroup’s contribution to the rate cannot
+be simply calculated, unlike in the case of volume metrics.
+
+To address this issue, we propose an approach inspired by the story of
+the *[Ship of Theseus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_of_Theseus)*.
+This approach involves gradually replacing the components of one group
+with those of another, recalculating the metric at each step. The change
+in the metric at each step can then be interpreted as the contribution
+of each subgroup to the overall difference.
+
+For instance, suppose the metric was 6.2% in 2024 and decreased to 5.2%
+in 2025. Again, we focus on gender. We replace the male data within the
+2024 dataset with the male data from 2025 and recalculate the metric. As
+a result, the metric would drop by 0.8 percentage points, reaching 5.4%.
+In this case, the contribution of the male group to the change in the
+metric is -0.8 percentage points. Next, we replace the female data from
+2024 with that from 2025. The dataset then consists entirely of 2025
+data, and the metric drops by 0.2 percentage points, reaching 5.2%.
+Thus, the contribution of the female group is -0.2 percentage points.
+
+When visualized, the results appear as follows:
+
+<img src="README-figures/overview-1.png" alt="" width="500" />
+
+From this plot, we can see that the decline in the metric is primarily
+driven by the male group. We call this visualization the “Theseus Plot.”
+
+The **TheseusPlot** package is designed to make it easy to generate
+Theseus Plots for various attributes.
+
+## 2. Installation
+
+You can install the development version from
+[GitHub](https://github.com/hoxo-m/TheseusPlot_py) with:
+
+``` bash
+python -m pip install "git+https://github.com/hoxo-m/TheseusPlot_py.git"
+```
+
+You can install the optional dependencies for examples and documentation
+data with:
+
+``` bash
+python -m pip install "theseusplot[examples] @ git+https://github.com/hoxo-m/TheseusPlot_py.git"
+```
+
+## 3. Details
+
+### 3.1 Prepare Data
+
+To create Theseus plots, you need two data frames that share common
+columns.
+
+We use the 2013 New York City flight data from
+[nycflights13](https://cran.r-project.org/package=nycflights13) as a
+demo dataset. Here, we will define the rate metric as the proportion of
+flights that arrived on time. In December 2013, the on-time arrival rate
+dropped substantially compared to November. We investigate the cause
+using a Theseus plot.
+
+First, we create an `on_time` column in the data frame to indicate
+whether each flight arrived on time. Next, we extract the flights for
+November and December into separate data frames to form two comparison
+groups. The on-time arrival rate was 64% in November and dropped to 47%
+in December.
+
+``` python
+from nycflights13 import airlines, flights
+
+data = (
+    flights.dropna(subset=["arr_delay"])
+    .assign(on_time=lambda df: df["arr_delay"] <= 15)
+    .merge(airlines, on="carrier")
+    .assign(carrier=lambda df: df["name"])
+    .loc[
+        :,
+        [
+            "year",
+            "month",
+            "day",
+            "origin",
+            "dest",
+            "carrier",
+            "dep_delay",
+            "on_time",
+        ],
+    ]
+)
+
+print(data.head())
+#>    year  month  day origin dest                 carrier  dep_delay  on_time
+#> 0  2013      1    1    EWR  IAH   United Air Lines Inc.        2.0     True
+#> 1  2013      1    1    LGA  IAH   United Air Lines Inc.        4.0    False
+#> 2  2013      1    1    JFK  MIA  American Airlines Inc.        2.0    False
+#> 3  2013      1    1    JFK  BQN         JetBlue Airways       -1.0     True
+#> 4  2013      1    1    LGA  ATL    Delta Air Lines Inc.       -6.0     True
+
+data_nov = data[data["month"] == 11]
+data_dec = data[data["month"] == 12]
+
+print(data_nov["on_time"].mean())
+#> 0.8264802936487339
+print(data_dec["on_time"].mean())
+#> 0.6738712065136936
+```
+
+### 3.2 Basics
+
+Using the two prepared data frames, we first create a `ship` object. The
+`ship` object is an instance of the Python class `ShipOfTheseus`,
+designed to create Theseus plots.
+
+``` python
+from theseusplot import create_ship
+
+ship = create_ship(
+    data_nov,
+    data_dec,
+    y="on_time",
+    labels=("November", "December"),
+)
+```
+
+You can create a Theseus plot by passing column names to the `plot`
+method of a `ship` object. For example, to create a Theseus plot for the
+airport of origin:
+
+``` python
+fig, ax = ship.plot("origin")
+fig.show()
+```
+
+<img src="README-figures/plot_origin-3.png" alt="" width="500" />
+
+New York City has three major airports, and Newark Liberty International
+Airport (EWR) accounted for the largest share of the decline in the
+on-time arrival rate.
+
+Note that the number of flights at each airport matters, as a larger
+flight volume is expected to have a greater impact. To make this clear,
+the Theseus plot displays the data size for each group within each
+subgroup as a bar chart. From this, we see that the number of flights is
+similar across airports, allowing for direct comparison of
+contributions.
+
+In summary, a Theseus plot consists of two components:
+
+- A waterfall plot showing how much each subgroup contributed to the
+  change in the metric.
+- A bar chart representing the sample size for each group within each
+  subgroup.
+
+A `ship` object also provides the `table` method to inspect the exact
+values used in the Theseus plot.
+
+``` python
+ship.table("origin")
+#>   origin   contrib    n1    n2    x1    x2     rate1     rate2
+#> 0    EWR -0.071873  9603  9410  7995  5910  0.832552  0.628055
+#> 1    JFK -0.050249  8645  8923  7290  6142  0.843262  0.688334
+#> 2    LGA -0.030487  8723  8687  7006  6156  0.803164  0.708645
+```
+
+### 3.3 Flipping the Plot
+
+When there are many subgroups, a Theseus plot can become hard to read.
+In such cases, you can swap the x- and y-axes for better visualization.
+
+``` python
+fig, ax = ship.plot_flip("carrier")
+fig.show()
+```
+
+<img src="README-figures/plot_carrier-5.png" alt="" width="500" />
+
+When the number of subgroups is large, those with small contributions
+are automatically grouped together. By default, this happens when there
+are more than 10 subgroups, but the threshold can be adjusted with the
+`n` argument.
+
+``` python
+fig, ax = ship.plot_flip("carrier", n=6)
+fig.show()
+```
+
+<img src="README-figures/plot_carrier_n-7.png" alt="" width="500" />
+
+From this plot, JetBlue Airways and United Air Lines appear to have the
+largest contributions to the decline in on-time arrival rate.
+
+### 3.4 Automatic Discretization of Continuous Values
+
+Theseus plots do not directly support continuous variables. If a
+continuous column is provided, it is automatically discretized. For
+example, we can create a Theseus plot for departure delays.
+
+``` python
+fig, ax = ship.plot_flip("dep_delay")
+fig.show()
+```
+
+<img src="README-figures/plot_dep_delay-9.png" alt="" width="500" />
+
+By default, continuous variables are discretized so that each subgroup
+has roughly equal sample sizes, with the number of bins set to 10. You
+can modify these settings by passing the return value of
+`continuous_config()` to the `continuous` argument.
+
+``` python
+from theseusplot import continuous_config
+
+fig, ax = ship.plot_flip("dep_delay", continuous=continuous_config(n=3))
+fig.show()
+```
+
+<img src="README-figures/plot_dep_delay_n-11.png" alt="" width="500" />
+
+This result shows that both a decrease in on-time departures and an
+increase in delayed departures contributed to the decline in on-time
+arrival rate.
+
+### 3.5 Ordering for Factor Columns
+
+If a subgroup column is categorical, `table()` and `plot()` respect its
+category order. This is useful when you want to keep a meaningful
+predefined order, such as `"Low"`, `"Medium"`, and `"High"`, instead of
+ordering categories by their contributions.
+
+``` python
+import pandas as pd
+from pandas.api.types import CategoricalDtype
+
+segment_type = CategoricalDtype(
+    categories=["Low", "Medium", "High"],
+    ordered=True,
+)
+
+data1 = pd.DataFrame(
+    {
+        "segment": pd.Series(
+            ["Low", "Low", "Medium", "Medium", "High", "High"],
+            dtype=segment_type,
+        ),
+        "y": [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1],
+    }
+)
+
+data2 = pd.DataFrame(
+    {
+        "segment": pd.Series(
+            ["Low", "Low", "Medium", "Medium", "High", "High"],
+            dtype=segment_type,
+        ),
+        "y": [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],
+    }
+)
+
+ship = create_ship(data1, data2, y="y", labels=("Group 1", "Group 2"))
+
+print(ship.table("segment"))
+#>   segment   contrib  n1  n2  x1  x2  rate1  rate2
+#> 0     Low -0.166667   2   2   2   1    1.0    0.5
+#> 1  Medium  0.166667   2   2   1   2    0.5    1.0
+#> 2    High -0.333333   2   2   2   0    1.0    0.0
+
+fig, ax = ship.plot("segment")
+fig.show()
+```
+
+<img src="README-figures/factor_column-13.png" alt="" width="500" />
+
+Even if the contribution of `"High"` is larger than that of `"Low"` or
+`"Medium"`, the rows and bars are shown in the order
+`"Low" -> "Medium" -> "High"` because `segment` is categorical.
+
+By contrast, if `segment` were an object column, the output would be
+ordered by contribution rather than by a predefined level order.

theseusplot-0.1.0.dist-info/RECORD

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theseusplot-0.1.0.dist-info/WHEEL

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+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: hatchling 1.29.0
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any