tespy 0.3.0__py2.py3-none-any.whl

tespy/components/nodes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1890 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8
+
+"""Module for components of type node.
+
+Components in this module:
+
+- :func:`tespy.components.nodes.droplet_separator`
+- :func:`tespy.components.nodes.drum`
+- :func:`tespy.components.nodes.node`
+- :func:`tespy.components.nodes.merge`
+- :func:`tespy.components.nodes.splitter`
+- :func:`tespy.components.nodes.separator`
+
+
+This file is part of project TESPy (github.com/oemof/tespy). It's copyrighted
+by the contributors recorded in the version control history of the file,
+available from its original location tespy/components/nodes.py
+
+SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+import numpy as np
+
+from tespy.components.components import component
+from tespy.tools.data_containers import dc_simple
+from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import T_mix_ph
+from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dh_mix_dpQ
+from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dT_mix_dph
+from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dT_mix_pdh
+from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dT_mix_ph_dfluid
+from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import h_mix_pQ
+from tespy.tools.helpers import num_fluids
+
+# %%
+
+
+class node(component):
+    r"""
+    Class node is the parent class for splitter, separator and merge.
+
+    Equations
+
+        **mandatory equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.components.component.mass_flow_func`
+
+        .. math::
+
+            0 = p_{in,1} - p_{out,i}\\
+            \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}
+
+        **additional equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.nodes.splitter.additional_equations`
+        - :func:`tespy.components.nodes.separator.additional_equations`
+        - :func:`tespy.components.nodes.merge.additional_equations`
+
+    Inlets/Outlets
+
+        - specify number of outlets with :code:`num_in` (default value: 2)
+        - specify number of outlets with :code:`num_out` (default value: 2)
+
+    Image
+
+        .. image:: _images/node.svg
+           :scale: 100 %
+           :alt: alternative text
+           :align: center
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    label : str
+        The label of the component.
+
+    design : list
+        List containing design parameters (stated as String).
+
+    offdesign : list
+        List containing offdesign parameters (stated as String).
+
+    design_path: str
+        Path to the components design case.
+
+    local_offdesign : boolean
+        Treat this component in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
+
+    local_design : boolean
+        Treat this component in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
+
+    char_warnings: boolean
+        Ignore warnings on default characteristics usage for this component.
+
+    printout: boolean
+        Include this component in the network's results printout.
+
+    num_in : float/tespy.tools.data_containers.dc_simple
+        Number of inlets for this component, default value: 2.
+
+    num_out : float/tespy.tools.data_containers.dc_simple
+        Number of outlets for this component, default value: 2.
+
+    Note
+    ----
+    - Node: Fluid composition and enthalpy at all **outgoing** connections
+      (mass flow leaves the node) is result of mixture of the properties of
+      the incoming connections (mass flow enters node).
+      Incoming and outgoing connections can be a result of the calculation and
+      are not identical to the inlets and outlets!
+    - Splitter: Fluid composition and enthalpy at all outlets is the same as
+      the inlet's properties.
+    - Separator: Fluid composition is variable for all outlets, temperature at
+      all outlets is the same as the inlet's temperature.
+    - Merge: Fluid composition and enthalpy at outlet is result of mixture of
+      the inlet's properties.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    The node can serve as merge or as splitter at the same time: The sum of
+    all mass flow going into the node is identical to the mass flow leaving it.
+    All incoming fluids are mixed in the node (mass flow weighted fluid mass
+    fractions and enthalpy). All outgoing fluids have the composition of the
+    mixture at the mixtures enthalpy/temperature.
+
+    >>> from tespy.components import sink, source, node
+    >>> from tespy.connections import connection
+    >>> from tespy.networks import network
+    >>> import shutil
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> fluid_list = ['O2', 'N2']
+    >>> nw = network(fluids=fluid_list, p_unit='bar', T_unit='C',
+    ... h_unit='kJ / kg', iterinfo=False)
+    >>> so1 = source('source1')
+    >>> so2 = source('source2')
+    >>> si1 = sink('sink1')
+    >>> si2 = sink('sink2')
+    >>> n = node('node', num_in=2, num_out=2)
+    >>> n.component()
+    'node'
+    >>> inc1 = connection(so1, 'out1', n, 'in1')
+    >>> inc2 = connection(so2, 'out1', n, 'in2')
+    >>> outg1 = connection(n, 'out1', si1, 'in1')
+    >>> outg2 = connection(n, 'out2', si2, 'in1')
+    >>> nw.add_conns(inc1, inc2, outg1, outg2)
+
+    2 kg/s of pure oxygen is mixed with 5 kg/s mixture (50 % nitrogen and
+    50 % oxygen). One of the outgoing connections should be at 3 kg/s.
+
+    >>> inc1.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 1, 'N2': 0}, p=1, T=20, m=2)
+    >>> inc2.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0.5, 'N2': 0.5}, T=50, m=5)
+    >>> outg1.set_attr(m=3)
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> (round(outg1.fluid.val['O2'], 3), round(outg1.fluid.val['N2'], 3))
+    (0.643, 0.357)
+    >>> round(outg1.T.val, 1)
+    41.8
+
+    Now calculate at what mass flow of the 50/50 mixture the total
+    oxygen fraction of the nodes outlets will be at 80 %.
+
+    >>> inc2.set_attr(m=np.nan)
+    >>> outg1.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0.8})
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> round(inc2.m.val_SI, 3)
+    1.333
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def component():
+        return 'node'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def attr():
+        return {'num_in': dc_simple(), 'num_out': dc_simple()}
+
+    def inlets(self):
+        if self.num_in.is_set:
+            return ['in' + str(i + 1) for i in range(self.num_in.val)]
+        else:
+            self.set_attr(num_in=2)
+            return self.inlets()
+
+    def outlets(self):
+        if self.num_out.is_set:
+            return ['out' + str(i + 1) for i in range(self.num_out.val)]
+        else:
+            self.set_attr(num_out=2)
+            return self.outlets()
+
+    def comp_init(self, nw):
+
+        component.comp_init(self, nw)
+
+        # number of mandatroy equations for
+        # mass flow: 1
+        # pressure: number of inlets + number of outlets - 1
+        # the number of fluid and enthalpy equations is variable for a node!
+
+        self.num_eq = 1 + self.num_i + self.num_o - 1
+
+        # number of fluid equations
+        self.num_eq += self.num_nw_fluids * self.num_o
+        # number of enthalpy equations
+        self.num_eq += self.num_o
+
+        self.jacobian = np.zeros((
+            self.num_eq,
+            self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_vars,
+            self.num_nw_vars))
+
+        self.residual = np.zeros(self.num_eq)
+        self.jacobian[0:1] = self.mass_flow_deriv()
+        self.jacobian[1:self.num_i + self.num_o] = self.pressure_deriv()
+
+    def equations(self):
+        r"""Calculate residual vector with results of equations."""
+        k = 0
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqation for mass flow balance
+        self.residual[k] = self.mass_flow_func()
+        k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for pressure
+        inl = []
+        if self.num_i > 1:
+            inl = self.inl[1:]
+        for c in inl + self.outl:
+            self.residual[k] = self.inl[0].p.val_SI - c.p.val_SI
+            k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # additional eqations
+        self.additional_equations(k)
+
+    def derivatives(self, increment_filter):
+        r"""Calculate partial derivatives for given equations."""
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for mass and pressure are static
+        k = self.num_i + self.num_o
+        ######################################################################
+        # additional derivatives
+        self.additional_derivatives(increment_filter, k)
+
+    def additional_equations(self, k):
+        r"""
+        Calculate the residual vector of the additional equations.
+
+        Equations
+
+            **mandatroy equations**
+
+            .. math::
+
+                0 = \sum_i \left(\dot{m}_{i} \cdot x_{i,j}\right) - x_{o,j}
+                \cdot  \sum_i \dot{m}_{i}\\
+                \forall j \in \text{fluids}\\
+                \forall o \in \text{outgoing mass flows}\\
+                \text{i: incoming mass flows}
+
+            .. math::
+
+                0 = \sum_i \dot{m}_{i} \cdot h_{i}
+                - \sum_o \dot{m}_{o} \cdot h_{o}
+                \forall o \in \text{outgoing mass flows}\\
+                \text{i: incoming mass flows}
+        """
+        ######################################################################
+        # check for incoming/outgoing mass flows in inlets and outlets
+        loc = 0
+        # total incoming enthalpy
+        h = 0
+        # total incoming mass flow (constant within every iteration)
+        self.m_inc = 0
+
+        self.inc = []
+        self.outg = []
+        for c in self.inl:
+            # incoming
+            if c.m.val_SI >= 0:
+                self.inc += [[c, loc]]
+                self.m_inc += c.m.val_SI
+                h += c.m.val_SI * c.h.val_SI
+            # outgoing
+            else:
+                self.outg += [[c, loc]]
+            loc += 1
+
+        for c in self.outl:
+            # inconming
+            if c.m.val_SI < 0:
+                self.inc += [[c, loc]]
+                self.m_inc -= c.m.val_SI
+                h -= c.m.val_SI * c.h.val_SI
+            # outgoing
+            else:
+                self.outg += [[c, loc]]
+            loc += 1
+
+        self.jacobian = self.jacobian[0:k]
+        self.jacobian = np.append(self.jacobian, np.zeros((
+            len(self.outg) * (self.num_nw_fluids + 1),
+            self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_vars,
+            self.num_nw_vars)), axis=0)
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for fluid composition
+
+        for fluid in self.nw_fluids:
+            m = 0
+            for i in self.inc:
+                m += abs(i[0].m.val_SI) * i[0].fluid.val[fluid]
+            for o in self.outg:
+                self.residual[k] = m - o[0].fluid.val[fluid] * self.m_inc
+                k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for energy balance
+        for o in self.outg:
+            self.residual[k] = h - o[0].h.val_SI * self.m_inc
+            k += 1
+
+    def additional_derivatives(self, increment_filter, k):
+        r"""Calculate partial derivatives for given additional equations."""
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for fluid balance equations
+        j = 0
+        for fluid in self.nw_fluids:
+            for o in self.outg:
+                self.jacobian[k, o[1], j + 3] = -self.m_inc
+                for i in self.inc:
+                    self.jacobian[k, i[1], 0] = -i[0].fluid.val[fluid]
+                    self.jacobian[k, i[1], j + 3] = -abs(i[0].m.val_SI)
+                k += 1
+            j += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for energy balance equations
+        for o in self.outg:
+            self.jacobian[k, o[1], 2] = -self.m_inc
+            for i in self.inc:
+                self.jacobian[k, i[1], 0] = i[0].h.val_SI - o[0].h.val_SI
+                self.jacobian[k, i[1], 2] = abs(i[0].m.val_SI)
+            k += 1
+
+        logging.info(str(self.jacobian))
+
+    def pressure_deriv(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate partial derivatives for all pressure equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        deriv : list
+            Matrix with partial derivatives for the fluid equations.
+        """
+        deriv = np.zeros((
+            self.num_i + self.num_o - 1,
+            self.num_i + self.num_o,
+            self.num_nw_vars))
+
+        inl = []
+        if self.num_i > 1:
+            inl = self.inl[1:]
+        for k in range(len(inl + self.outl)):
+            deriv[k, 0, 1] = 1
+            deriv[k, k + 1, 1] = -1
+        return deriv
+
+    def initialise_fluids(self, nw):
+        r"""
+        Fluid initialisation for fluid mixture at outlet of the node.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        nw : tespy.networks.network
+            Network using this component object.
+        """
+        num_fl = {}
+        for o in self.outl:
+            num_fl[o] = num_fluids(o.fluid.val)
+
+        for i in self.inl:
+            num_fl[i] = num_fluids(i.fluid.val)
+
+        ls = []
+        if any(num_fl.values()) and not all(num_fl.values()):
+            for conn, num in num_fl.items():
+                if num == 1:
+                    ls += [conn]
+
+            for c in ls:
+                for fluid in nw.fluids:
+                    for o in self.outl:
+                        if not o.fluid.val_set[fluid]:
+                            o.fluid.val[fluid] = c.fluid.val[fluid]
+                    for i in self.inl:
+                        if not i.fluid.val_set[fluid]:
+                            i.fluid.val[fluid] = c.fluid.val[fluid]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_source(c, key):
+        r"""
+        Return a starting value for pressure and enthalpy at outlet.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : tespy.connections.connection
+            Connection to perform initialisation on.
+
+        key : str
+            Fluid property to retrieve.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        val : float
+            Starting value for pressure/enthalpy in SI units.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                val = \begin{cases}
+                10^5 & \text{key = 'p'}\\
+                5 \cdot 10^5 & \text{key = 'h'}
+                \end{cases}
+        """
+        if key == 'p':
+            return 1e5
+        elif key == 'h':
+            return 5e5
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_target(c, key):
+        r"""
+        Return a starting value for pressure and enthalpy at inlet.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : tespy.connections.connection
+            Connection to perform initialisation on.
+
+        key : str
+            Fluid property to retrieve.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        val : float
+            Starting value for pressure/enthalpy in SI units.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                val = \begin{cases}
+                10^5 & \text{key = 'p'}\\
+                5 \cdot 10^5 & \text{key = 'h'}
+                \end{cases}
+        """
+        if key == 'p':
+            return 1e5
+        elif key == 'h':
+            return 5e5
+
+    # %%
+
+
+class droplet_separator(component):
+    r"""
+    Separate liquid phase from gas phase of a single fluid.
+
+    Equations
+
+        **mandatory equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.nodes.droplet_separator.fluid_func`
+        - :func:`tespy.components.components.component.mass_flow_func`
+
+        .. math::
+
+            0 = \dot{m}_{in} \cdot h_{in} -
+            \sum_j \left(\dot{m}_{j,out} \cdot h_{j,out} \right)\\
+            \forall j \in outlet
+
+            0 = p_{in} - p_{out,i}\\
+            \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}
+
+            0 = h_{1,out} - h\left(p, x=1 \right)
+
+            0 = h_{2,out} - h\left(p, x=0 \right)\\
+            x: \text{vapour mass fraction}
+
+    Inlets/Outlets
+
+        - in1
+        - out1, out2 (index 1: gas phase, index 2: liquid phase)
+
+    Image
+
+        .. image:: _images/droplet_separator.svg
+           :scale: 100 %
+           :alt: alternative text
+           :align: center
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    label : str
+        The label of the component.
+
+    design : list
+        List containing design parameters (stated as String).
+
+    offdesign : list
+        List containing offdesign parameters (stated as String).
+
+    design_path: str
+        Path to the components design case.
+
+    local_offdesign : boolean
+        Treat this component in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
+
+    local_design : boolean
+        Treat this component in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
+
+    char_warnings: boolean
+        Ignore warnings on default characteristics usage for this component.
+
+    printout: boolean
+        Include this component in the network's results printout.
+
+    Note
+    ----
+    If you are using a drum in a network with multiple fluids, it is likely
+    the fluid propagation causes trouble. If this is the case, try to
+    specify the fluid composition at another connection of your network.
+
+    This component assumes, that the fluid composition between outlet 1 and
+    inlet 2 does not change, thus there is no equation for the fluid mass
+    fraction at the inlet 2!
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    The droplet separator separates gas from liquid phase. From a stream of
+    water the liquid phase will be separated.
+
+    >>> from tespy.components import sink, source, droplet_separator
+    >>> from tespy.connections import connection
+    >>> from tespy.networks import network
+    >>> from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import Q_ph, T_bp_p
+    >>> import shutil
+    >>> nw = network(fluids=['water'], T_unit='C', p_unit='bar',
+    ... h_unit='kJ / kg', iterinfo=False)
+    >>> so = source('two phase inflow')
+    >>> sig = sink('gas outflow')
+    >>> sil = sink('liquid outflow')
+    >>> ds = droplet_separator('droplet separator')
+    >>> ds.component()
+    'droplet separator'
+    >>> so_ds = connection(so, 'out1', ds, 'in1')
+    >>> ds_sig = connection(ds, 'out1', sig, 'in1')
+    >>> ds_sil = connection(ds, 'out2', sil, 'in1')
+    >>> nw.add_conns(so_ds, ds_sig, ds_sil)
+
+    We specify the fluid's state at the inlet. At the gas outflow saturated
+    gas enthalpy is expected, at the liquid gas outflow saturated liquid
+    enthalpy. The mass flow at the outlets is expected to split according to
+    the vapor mass fraction:
+
+    .. math::
+
+        \dot{m}_\mathrm{out,1} = \frac{h_\mathrm{in} - h'}{h'' - h'} \cdot
+        \dot{m}_\mathrm{in}
+
+        \dot{m}_\mathrm{out,2} = \left(1 - \frac{h_\mathrm{in} - h'}{h'' - h'}
+        \right) \cdot \dot{m}_\mathrm{in}
+
+    >>> so_ds.set_attr(fluid={'water': 1}, p=1, h=1500, m=10)
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> Q_in = Q_ph(so_ds.p.val_SI, so_ds.h.val_SI, 'water')
+    >>> round(Q_in * so_ds.m.val_SI, 6) == round(ds_sig.m.val_SI, 6)
+    True
+    >>> round((1 - Q_in) * so_ds.m.val_SI, 6) == round(ds_sil.m.val_SI, 6)
+    True
+    >>> Q_ph(ds_sig.p.val_SI, ds_sig.h.val_SI, 'water')
+    1.0
+    >>> Q_ph(ds_sil.p.val_SI, ds_sil.h.val_SI, 'water')
+    0.0
+
+    In a different setup, we unset pressure and enthalpy and specify gas
+    temperature and mass flow instead. The temperature specification must yield
+    the corresponding boiling point pressure and the mass flow must yield the
+    inlet enthalpy. The inlet vapor mass fraction must be equal to fraction of
+    gas mass flow to inlet mass flow (0.95 in this example).
+
+    >>> so_ds.set_attr(fluid={'water': 1}, p=None, h=None, T=150, m=10)
+    >>> ds_sig.set_attr(m=9.5)
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> round(Q_ph(so_ds.p.val_SI, so_ds.h.val_SI, 'water'), 6)
+    0.95
+    >>> T_boil = T_bp_p(so_ds.to_flow())
+    >>> round(T_boil, 6) == round(so_ds.T.val_SI, 6)
+    True
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def component():
+        return 'droplet separator'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inlets():
+        return ['in1']
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def outlets():
+        return ['out1', 'out2']
+
+    def comp_init(self, nw):
+
+        component.comp_init(self, nw)
+
+        # number of mandatroy equations for
+        # fluid balance: num_fl * 2
+        # mass flow: 1
+        # pressure: 2
+        # enthalpy: 1
+        # saturated liquid outlet: 1
+        # saturated gas outlet: 1
+        self.num_eq = self.num_nw_fluids * 2 + 6
+
+        self.jacobian = np.zeros((
+            self.num_eq,
+            self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_vars,
+            self.num_nw_vars))
+
+        self.residual = np.zeros(self.num_eq)
+        pos = self.num_nw_fluids * 2
+        self.jacobian[0:pos] = self.fluid_deriv()
+        self.jacobian[pos:pos + 1] = self.mass_flow_deriv()
+        self.jacobian[pos + 1:pos + 3] = self.pressure_deriv()
+
+    def equations(self):
+        r"""Calculate residual vector with results of equations."""
+        k = 0
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for fluid balance
+        self.residual[k:k + self.num_nw_fluids * 2] = self.fluid_func()
+        k += self.num_nw_fluids * 2
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for mass flow balance
+        self.residual[k] = self.mass_flow_func()
+        k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for pressure
+        p = self.inl[0].p.val_SI
+        for c in self.outl:
+            self.residual[k] = p - c.p.val_SI
+            k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for enthalpy
+        val = 0
+        for i in self.inl:
+            val += i.m.val_SI * i.h.val_SI
+        for o in self.outl:
+            val -= o.m.val_SI * o.h.val_SI
+        self.residual[k] = val
+        k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for staturated fluid state at outlets
+        self.residual[k] = h_mix_pQ(
+            self.outl[0].to_flow(), 1) - self.outl[0].h.val_SI
+        k += 1
+        self.residual[k] = h_mix_pQ(
+            self.outl[1].to_flow(), 0) - self.outl[1].h.val_SI
+        k += 1
+
+    def derivatives(self, increment_filter):
+        r"""Calculate partial derivatives for given equations."""
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives fluid, mass flow and pressure balance are static
+        k = self.num_nw_fluids * 2 + 3
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for energy balance equation
+        self.jacobian[k, 0, 0] = self.inl[0].h.val_SI
+        self.jacobian[k, 0, 2] = self.inl[0].m.val_SI
+        j = 0
+        for outl in self.outl:
+            self.jacobian[k, j + 1, 0] = -outl.h.val_SI
+            self.jacobian[k, j + 1, 2] = -outl.m.val_SI
+            j += 1
+        k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives of equations for saturated states at outlets
+        self.jacobian[k, 1, 1] = dh_mix_dpQ(self.outl[0].to_flow(), 0)
+        self.jacobian[k, 1, 2] = -1
+        k += 1
+        self.jacobian[k, 2, 1] = dh_mix_dpQ(self.outl[1].to_flow(), 1)
+        self.jacobian[k, 2, 2] = -1
+        k += 1
+
+    def fluid_func(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate the vector of residual values for fluid balance equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        residual : list
+            Vector of residual values for component's fluid balance.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                0 = fluid_{i,in_1} - fluid_{i,out_{j}}\\
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{fluid}, \; \forall j \in inlets
+
+        """
+        residual = []
+
+        for o in self.outl:
+            for fluid, x in self.inl[0].fluid.val.items():
+                residual += [x - o.fluid.val[fluid]]
+        return residual
+
+    def fluid_deriv(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate partial derivatives for all fluid balance equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        deriv : ndarray
+            Matrix with partial derivatives for the fluid equations.
+        """
+        deriv = np.zeros((2 * self.num_nw_fluids, 3, self.num_nw_vars))
+        for k in range(2):
+            for i in range(self.num_nw_fluids):
+                deriv[i + k * self.num_nw_fluids, 0, i + 3] = 1
+                deriv[i + k * self.num_nw_fluids, k + 1, i + 3] = -1
+        return deriv
+
+    def pressure_deriv(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate partial derivatives for pressure equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        deriv : list
+            Matrix with partial derivatives for the pressure equations.
+        """
+        deriv = np.zeros((2, 3, self.num_nw_vars))
+        for k in range(2):
+            deriv[k, 0, 1] = 1
+            deriv[k, k + 1, 1] = -1
+        return deriv
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_source(c, key):
+        r"""
+        Return a starting value for pressure and enthalpy at outlet.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : tespy.connections.connection
+            Connection to perform initialisation on.
+
+        key : str
+            Fluid property to retrieve.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        val : float
+            Starting value for pressure/enthalpy in SI units.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                val = \begin{cases}
+                10^6 & \text{key = 'p'}\\
+                h\left(p, x=1 \right) & \text{key = 'h' at outlet 1}\\
+                h\left(p, x=0 \right) & \text{key = 'h' at outlet 2}
+                \end{cases}
+        """
+        if key == 'p':
+            return 10e5
+        elif key == 'h':
+            if c.source_id == 'out1':
+                return h_mix_pQ(c.to_flow(), 1)
+            else:
+                return h_mix_pQ(c.to_flow(), 0)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_target(c, key):
+        r"""
+        Return a starting value for pressure and enthalpy at inlet.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : tespy.connections.connection
+            Connection to perform initialisation on.
+
+        key : str
+            Fluid property to retrieve.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        val : float
+            Starting value for pressure/enthalpy in SI units.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                val = \begin{cases}
+                10^6 & \text{key = 'p'}\\
+                h\left(p, x=0.5 \right) & \text{key = 'h' at inlet 1}
+                \end{cases}
+        """
+        if key == 'p':
+            return 10e5
+        elif key == 'h':
+            return h_mix_pQ(c.to_flow(), 0.5)
+
+# %%
+
+
+class drum(component):
+    r"""
+    A drum separates saturated gas from saturated liquid.
+
+    Equations
+
+        **mandatory equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.nodes.drum.fluid_func`
+        - :func:`tespy.components.components.component.mass_flow_func`
+
+        .. math::
+
+            0 = \sum_i \left(\dot{m}_{i,in} \cdot h_{i,in} \right) -
+            \sum_j \left(\dot{m}_{j,out} \cdot h_{j,out} \right)\\
+            \forall i \in inlets, \; \forall j \in outlet
+
+            0 = p_{in,1} - p_{out,i}\\
+            \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}
+
+            0 = h_{1,out} - h\left(p, x=0 \right)
+
+            0 = h_{2,out} - h\left(p, x=1 \right)\\
+            x: \text{vapour mass fraction}
+
+    Inlets/Outlets
+
+        - in1, in2 (index 1: from economiser, index 2: from evaporator)
+        - out1, out2 (index 1: to evaporator, index 2: to superheater)
+
+    Image
+
+        .. image:: _images/drum.svg
+           :scale: 100 %
+           :alt: alternative text
+           :align: center
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    label : str
+        The label of the component.
+
+    design : list
+        List containing design parameters (stated as String).
+
+    offdesign : list
+        List containing offdesign parameters (stated as String).
+
+    design_path: str
+        Path to the components design case.
+
+    local_offdesign : boolean
+        Treat this component in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
+
+    local_design : boolean
+        Treat this component in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
+
+    char_warnings: boolean
+        Ignore warnings on default characteristics usage for this component.
+
+    printout: boolean
+        Include this component in the network's results printout.
+
+    Note
+    ----
+    If you are using a drum in a network with multiple fluids, it is likely
+    the fluid propagation causes trouble. If this is the case, try to
+    specify the fluid composition at another connection of your network.
+
+    This component assumes, that the fluid composition between outlet 1 and
+    inlet 2 does not change, thus there is no equation for the fluid mass
+    fraction at the inlet 2!
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    The drum separates saturated gas from saturated liquid. The liquid phase is
+    transported to an evaporator, the staturated gas phase is extracted from
+    the drum. In this example ammonia is evaporated using ambient air. A
+    characteristic function is applied for the heat transfer coefficient of the
+    evaporator. It is possible to load the char_line with the function
+    :code:`load_default_char` from the default lines. We want to use the
+    'EVAPORATING FLUID' lines of the heat exchanger.
+
+    >>> from tespy.components import sink, source, drum, pump, heat_exchanger
+    >>> from tespy.connections import connection, ref
+    >>> from tespy.networks import network
+    >>> from tespy.tools.characteristics import char_line
+    >>> from tespy.tools.characteristics import load_default_char as ldc
+    >>> import shutil
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> nw = network(fluids=['NH3', 'air'], T_unit='C', p_unit='bar',
+    ...     h_unit='kJ / kg', iterinfo=False)
+    >>> fa = source('feed ammonia')
+    >>> amb_in = source('air inlet')
+    >>> amb_out = sink('air outlet')
+    >>> s = sink('steam')
+    >>> dr = drum('drum')
+    >>> dr.component()
+    'drum'
+    >>> ev = heat_exchanger('evaporator')
+    >>> erp = pump('evaporator reciculation pump')
+    >>> f_dr = connection(fa, 'out1', dr, 'in1')
+    >>> dr_erp = connection(dr, 'out1', erp, 'in1')
+    >>> erp_ev = connection(erp, 'out1', ev, 'in2')
+    >>> ev_dr = connection(ev, 'out2', dr, 'in2')
+    >>> dr_s = connection(dr, 'out2', s, 'in1')
+    >>> nw.add_conns(f_dr, dr_erp, erp_ev, ev_dr, dr_s)
+    >>> amb_ev = connection(amb_in, 'out1', ev, 'in1')
+    >>> ev_amb = connection(ev, 'out1', amb_out, 'in1')
+    >>> nw.add_conns(amb_ev, ev_amb)
+
+    The ambient air enters the evaporator at 30 °C. The pinch point temperature
+    difference (ttd_l) of the evaporator is at 5 K, and 1 MW of heat should be
+    transferred. State of ammonia at the inlet is at -5 °C and 5 bar. From this
+    design it is possible to calculate offdesign performance at 75 % part load.
+
+    >>> char1 = ldc('heat exchanger', 'kA_char1', 'DEFAULT',
+    ... char_line)
+    >>> char2 = ldc('heat exchanger', 'kA_char2', 'EVAPORATING FLUID',
+    ... char_line)
+    >>> ev.set_attr(pr1=0.999, pr2=0.99, ttd_l=5, kA_char1=char1,
+    ...     kA_char2=char2, design=['pr1', 'ttd_l'],
+    ...     offdesign=['zeta1', 'kA_char'])
+    >>> ev.set_attr(Q=-1e6)
+    >>> erp.set_attr(eta_s=0.8)
+    >>> f_dr.set_attr(p=5, T=-5)
+    >>> erp_ev.set_attr(m=ref(f_dr, 4, 0), fluid={'air': 0, 'NH3': 1})
+    >>> amb_ev.set_attr(fluid={'air': 1, 'NH3': 0}, T=30)
+    >>> ev_amb.set_attr(p=1)
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> nw.save('tmp')
+    >>> round(ev_amb.T.val - erp_ev.T.val ,1)
+    5.0
+    >>> round(f_dr.h.val, 1)
+    322.7
+    >>> round(dr_erp.h.val, 1)
+    364.9
+    >>> round(ev_dr.h.val, 1)
+    687.2
+    >>> round(f_dr.m.val, 2)
+    0.78
+    >>> ev.set_attr(Q=-0.75e6)
+    >>> nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
+    >>> round(f_dr.m.val, 2)
+    0.58
+    >>> round(ev_amb.T.val - erp_ev.T.val ,1)
+    3.0
+    >>> shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def component():
+        return 'drum'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inlets():
+        return ['in1', 'in2']
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def outlets():
+        return ['out1', 'out2']
+
+    def comp_init(self, nw):
+
+        component.comp_init(self, nw)
+
+        # number of mandatroy equations for
+        # fluid balance: num_fl * 2
+        # mass flow: 1
+        # pressure: 3
+        # enthalpy: 1
+        # saturated liquid outlet: 1
+        # saturated gas outlet: 1
+        self.num_eq = self.num_nw_fluids * 2 + 7
+
+        self.jacobian = np.zeros((
+            self.num_eq,
+            self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_vars,
+            self.num_nw_vars))
+
+        self.residual = np.zeros(self.num_eq)
+        pos = self.num_nw_fluids * 2
+        self.jacobian[0:pos] = self.fluid_deriv()
+        self.jacobian[pos:pos + 1] = self.mass_flow_deriv()
+        self.jacobian[pos + 1:pos + 4] = self.pressure_deriv()
+
+    def equations(self):
+        r"""Calculate residual vector with results of equations."""
+        k = 0
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for fluid balance
+        self.residual[k:k + self.num_nw_fluids * 2] = self.fluid_func()
+        k += self.num_nw_fluids * 2
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for mass flow balance
+        self.residual[k] = self.mass_flow_func()
+        k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for pressure
+        p = self.inl[0].p.val_SI
+        for c in [self.inl[1]] + self.outl:
+            self.residual[k] = p - c.p.val_SI
+            k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for enthalpy
+        val = 0
+        for i in self.inl:
+            val += i.m.val_SI * i.h.val_SI
+        for o in self.outl:
+            val -= o.m.val_SI * o.h.val_SI
+        self.residual[k] = val
+        k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # eqations for staturated fluid state at outlets
+        self.residual[k] = h_mix_pQ(
+            self.outl[0].to_flow(), 0) - self.outl[0].h.val_SI
+        k += 1
+        self.residual[k] = h_mix_pQ(
+            self.outl[1].to_flow(), 1) - self.outl[1].h.val_SI
+        k += 1
+
+    def derivatives(self, increment_filter):
+        r"""Calculate partial derivatives for given equations."""
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives fluid, mass flow and pressure balance are static
+        k = self.num_nw_fluids * 2 + 4
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for energy balance equation
+        i = 0
+        for inl in self.inl:
+            self.jacobian[k, i, 0] = inl.h.val_SI
+            self.jacobian[k, i, 2] = inl.m.val_SI
+            i += 1
+        j = 0
+        for outl in self.outl:
+            self.jacobian[k, j + i, 0] = -outl.h.val_SI
+            self.jacobian[k, j + i, 2] = -outl.m.val_SI
+            j += 1
+        k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives of equations for saturated states at outlets
+        self.jacobian[k, 2, 1] = dh_mix_dpQ(self.outl[0].to_flow(), 0)
+        self.jacobian[k, 2, 2] = -1
+        k += 1
+        self.jacobian[k, 3, 1] = dh_mix_dpQ(self.outl[1].to_flow(), 1)
+        self.jacobian[k, 3, 2] = -1
+        k += 1
+
+    def fluid_func(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate the vector of residual values for fluid balance equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        residual : list
+            Vector of residual values for component's fluid balance.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                0 = fluid_{i,in_1} - fluid_{i,out_{j}}\\
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{fluid}, \; \forall j \in inlets
+
+        """
+        residual = []
+
+        for o in self.outl:
+            for fluid, x in self.inl[0].fluid.val.items():
+                residual += [x - o.fluid.val[fluid]]
+        return residual
+
+    def fluid_deriv(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate partial derivatives for all fluid balance equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        deriv : ndarray
+            Matrix with partial derivatives for the fluid equations.
+        """
+        deriv = np.zeros((2 * self.num_nw_fluids, 4, self.num_nw_vars))
+        for k in range(2):
+            for i in range(self.num_nw_fluids):
+                deriv[i + k * self.num_nw_fluids, 0, i + 3] = 1
+                deriv[i + k * self.num_nw_fluids, k + 2, i + 3] = -1
+        return deriv
+
+    def pressure_deriv(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate partial derivatives for pressure equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        deriv : list
+            Matrix with partial derivatives for the pressure equations.
+        """
+        deriv = np.zeros((3, 4, self.num_nw_vars))
+        for k in range(3):
+            deriv[k, 0, 1] = 1
+            deriv[k, k + 1, 1] = -1
+        return deriv
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_source(c, key):
+        r"""
+        Return a starting value for pressure and enthalpy at outlet.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : tespy.connections.connection
+            Connection to perform initialisation on.
+
+        key : str
+            Fluid property to retrieve.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        val : float
+            Starting value for pressure/enthalpy in SI units.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                val = \begin{cases}
+                10^6 & \text{key = 'p'}\\
+                h\left(p, x=0 \right) & \text{key = 'h' at outlet 1}\\
+                h\left(p, x=1 \right) & \text{key = 'h' at outlet 2}
+                \end{cases}
+        """
+        if key == 'p':
+            return 10e5
+        elif key == 'h':
+            if c.source_id == 'out1':
+                return h_mix_pQ(c.to_flow(), 0)
+            else:
+                return h_mix_pQ(c.to_flow(), 1)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_target(c, key):
+        r"""
+        Return a starting value for pressure and enthalpy at inlet.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        c : tespy.connections.connection
+            Connection to perform initialisation on.
+
+        key : str
+            Fluid property to retrieve.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        val : float
+            Starting value for pressure/enthalpy in SI units.
+
+            .. math::
+
+                val = \begin{cases}
+                10^6 & \text{key = 'p'}\\
+                h\left(p, x=0 \right) & \text{key = 'h' at inlet 1}\\
+                h\left(p, x=0.7 \right) & \text{key = 'h' at inlet 2}
+                \end{cases}
+        """
+        if key == 'p':
+            return 10e5
+        elif key == 'h':
+            if c.target_id == 'in1':
+                return h_mix_pQ(c.to_flow(), 0)
+            else:
+                return h_mix_pQ(c.to_flow(), 0.7)
+
+# %%
+
+
+class merge(node):
+    r"""
+    The component node is the parent class for splitter, separator and merge.
+
+    Equations
+
+        **mandatory equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.components.component.mass_flow_func`
+
+        .. math::
+
+            0 = p_{in} - p_{out,i} \;
+            \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}
+
+        **additional equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.components.merge.additional_equations`
+
+    Inlets/Outlets
+
+        - specify number of outlets with :code:`num_in` (default value: 2)
+        - out1
+
+    Image
+
+        .. image:: _images/merge.svg
+           :scale: 100 %
+           :alt: alternative text
+           :align: center
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    label : str
+        The label of the component.
+
+    design : list
+        List containing design parameters (stated as String).
+
+    offdesign : list
+        List containing offdesign parameters (stated as String).
+
+    design_path: str
+        Path to the components design case.
+
+    local_offdesign : boolean
+        Treat this component in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
+
+    local_design : boolean
+        Treat this component in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
+
+    char_warnings: boolean
+        Ignore warnings on default characteristics usage for this component.
+
+    printout: boolean
+        Include this component in the network's results printout.
+
+    num_in : float/tespy.tools.data_containers.dc_simple
+        Number of inlets for this component, default value: 2.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    The merge mixes a specified number of mass flows and has a single outlet.
+    At the outlet, fluid composition and enthalpy are calculated by mass
+    weighted fluid composition and enthalpy of the inlets.
+
+    >>> from tespy.components import sink, source, merge
+    >>> from tespy.connections import connection
+    >>> from tespy.networks import network
+    >>> import shutil
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> fluid_list = ['O2', 'N2']
+    >>> nw = network(fluids=fluid_list, p_unit='bar', iterinfo=False)
+    >>> so1 = source('source1')
+    >>> so2 = source('source2')
+    >>> so3 = source('source3')
+    >>> si1 = sink('sink')
+    >>> m = merge('merge', num_in=3)
+    >>> m.component()
+    'merge'
+    >>> inc1 = connection(so1, 'out1', m, 'in1')
+    >>> inc2 = connection(so2, 'out1', m, 'in2')
+    >>> inc3 = connection(so3, 'out1', m, 'in3')
+    >>> outg = connection(m, 'out1', si1, 'in1')
+    >>> nw.add_conns(inc1, inc2, inc3, outg)
+
+    A merge with three inlets mixes air (simplified) with pure nitrogen and
+    pure oxygen. All gases enter the component at the same temperature. As
+    mixing effects are not considered, the outlet temperature should thus be
+    similar to the three inlet temperatures (difference might occur due to
+    rounding in fluid property functions, let's check it for two different
+    temperatures). It is e.g. possible to find the required mass flow of pure
+    nitrogen given the nitrogen mass fraction in the outlet.
+
+    >>> T = 293.15
+    >>> inc1.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0.23, 'N2': 0.77}, p=1, T=T, m=5)
+    >>> inc2.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 1, 'N2':0}, T=T, m=5)
+    >>> inc3.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0, 'N2': 1}, T=T)
+    >>> outg.set_attr(fluid={'N2': 0.4})
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> round(inc3.m.val_SI, 2)
+    0.25
+    >>> abs(round((outg.T.val_SI - T) / T, 5)) < 0.01
+    True
+    >>> T = 173.15
+    >>> inc1.set_attr(T=T)
+    >>> inc2.set_attr(T=T)
+    >>> inc3.set_attr(T=T)
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> abs(round((outg.T.val_SI - T) / T, 5)) < 0.01
+    True
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def component():
+        return 'merge'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def attr():
+        return {'num_in': dc_simple()}
+
+    def inlets(self):
+        if self.num_in.is_set:
+            return ['in' + str(i + 1) for i in range(self.num_in.val)]
+        else:
+            self.set_attr(num_in=2)
+            return self.inlets()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def outlets():
+        return ['out1']
+
+    def comp_init(self, nw):
+
+        component.comp_init(self, nw)
+
+        # number of mandatroy equations for
+        # mass flow: 1
+        # pressure: number of inlets + number of outlets - 1
+        # fluid: number of fluids
+        # enthalpy: 1
+
+        self.num_eq = self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_nw_fluids + 1
+
+        self.jacobian = np.zeros((
+            self.num_eq,
+            self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_vars,
+            self.num_nw_vars))
+
+        self.residual = np.zeros(self.num_eq)
+        self.jacobian[0:1] = self.mass_flow_deriv()
+        end = self.num_i + self.num_o
+        self.jacobian[1:end] = self.pressure_deriv()
+
+    def additional_equations(self, k):
+        r"""
+        Calculate results of additional equations.
+
+        Equations
+
+            **mandatroy equations**
+
+            .. math::
+
+                0 = \dot{m}_{in_{j}} \cdot fluid_{i,in_{j}} -
+                    \dot {m}_{out} \cdot fluid_{i,out} \\
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{fluid}, \; \forall j \in inlets
+
+            .. math::
+
+                0 = h_{in} - h_{out,i} \;
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}\\
+        """
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for fluid balance
+        for fluid, x in self.outl[0].fluid.val.items():
+            res = -x * self.outl[0].m.val_SI
+            for i in self.inl:
+                res += i.fluid.val[fluid] * i.m.val_SI
+            self.residual[k] = res
+            k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # equation for energy balance
+        h_res = -self.outl[0].m.val_SI * self.outl[0].h.val_SI
+        for i in self.inl:
+            h_res += i.m.val_SI * i.h.val_SI
+        self.residual[k] = h_res
+        k += 1
+
+    def additional_derivatives(self, increment_filter, k):
+        r"""Calculate partial derivatives for given additional equations."""
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for fluid balance equations
+        i = 0
+        for fluid, x in self.outl[0].fluid.val.items():
+            j = 0
+            for inl in self.inl:
+                self.jacobian[k, j, 0] = inl.fluid.val[fluid]
+                self.jacobian[k, j, i + 3] = inl.m.val_SI
+                j += 1
+            self.jacobian[k, j, 0] = -x
+            self.jacobian[k, j, i + 3] = -self.outl[0].m.val_SI
+            i += 1
+            k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for energy balance equations
+        self.jacobian[k, self.num_i, 0] = -self.outl[0].h.val_SI
+        self.jacobian[k, self.num_i, 2] = -self.outl[0].m.val_SI
+        j = 0
+        for i in self.inl:
+            self.jacobian[k, j, 0] = i.h.val_SI
+            self.jacobian[k, j, 2] = i.m.val_SI
+            j += 1
+        k += 1
+
+# %%
+
+
+class separator(node):
+    r"""
+    A separator separates fluid components from a mass flow.
+
+    Equations
+
+        **mandatory equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.components.component.mass_flow_func`
+
+        .. math::
+
+            0 = p_{in} - p_{out,i} \;
+            \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}
+
+        **additional equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.nodes.separator.additional_equations`
+
+    Inlets/Outlets
+
+        - in1
+        - specify number of outlets with :code:`num_out` (default value: 2)
+
+    Image
+
+        .. image:: _images/split.svg
+           :scale: 100 %
+           :alt: alternative text
+           :align: center
+
+    Note
+    ----
+    Fluid separation requires power and cooling, equations have not been
+    implemented, yet!
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    label : str
+        The label of the component.
+
+    design : list
+        List containing design parameters (stated as String).
+
+    offdesign : list
+        List containing offdesign parameters (stated as String).
+
+    design_path: str
+        Path to the components design case.
+
+    local_offdesign : boolean
+        Treat this component in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
+
+    local_design : boolean
+        Treat this component in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
+
+    char_warnings: boolean
+        Ignore warnings on default characteristics usage for this component.
+
+    printout: boolean
+        Include this component in the network's results printout.
+
+    num_out : float/tespy.tools.data_containers.dc_simple
+        Number of outlets for this component, default value: 2.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    The separator is used to split up a single mass flow into a specified
+    number of different parts at identical pressure and temperature but
+    different fluid composition. Fluids can be separated from each other.
+
+    >>> from tespy.components import sink, source, separator
+    >>> from tespy.connections import connection
+    >>> from tespy.networks import network
+    >>> import shutil
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> fluid_list = ['O2', 'N2']
+    >>> nw = network(fluids=fluid_list, p_unit='bar', T_unit='C',
+    ... iterinfo=False)
+    >>> so = source('source')
+    >>> si1 = sink('sink1')
+    >>> si2 = sink('sink2')
+    >>> s = separator('separator', num_out=2)
+    >>> s.component()
+    'separator'
+    >>> inc = connection(so, 'out1', s, 'in1')
+    >>> outg1 = connection(s, 'out1', si1, 'in1')
+    >>> outg2 = connection(s, 'out2', si2, 'in1')
+    >>> nw.add_conns(inc, outg1, outg2)
+
+    An Air (simplified) mass flow of 5 kg/s is split up into two mass flows.
+    One mass flow of 1 kg/s containing 10 % oxygen and 90 % nitrogen leaves the
+    separator. It is possible to calculate the fluid composition of the second
+    mass flow. Specify starting values for the second mass flow fluid
+    composition for calculation stability.
+
+    >>> inc.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0.23, 'N2': 0.77}, p=1, T=20, m=5)
+    >>> outg1.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0.1, 'N2': 0.9}, m=1)
+    >>> outg2.set_attr(fluid0={'O2': 0.5, 'N2': 0.5})
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> outg2.fluid.val['O2']
+    0.2625
+
+    In the same way, it is possible to specify one of the fluid components in
+    the second mass flow instead of the first mass flow. The solver will find
+    the mass flows matching the desired composition. 65 % of the mass flow
+    will leave the separator at the second outlet the case of 30 % oxygen
+    mass fraction for this outlet.
+
+    >>> outg1.set_attr(m=np.nan)
+    >>> outg2.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0.3})
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> outg2.fluid.val['O2']
+    0.3
+    >>> round(outg2.m.val_SI / inc.m.val_SI, 2)
+    0.65
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def component():
+        return 'separator'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def attr():
+        return {'num_out': dc_simple()}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inlets():
+        return ['in1']
+
+    def outlets(self):
+        if self.num_out.is_set:
+            return ['out' + str(i + 1) for i in range(self.num_out.val)]
+        else:
+            self.set_attr(num_out=2)
+            return self.outlets()
+
+    def comp_init(self, nw):
+
+        component.comp_init(self, nw)
+
+        # number of mandatroy equations for
+        # mass flow: 1
+        # pressure: number of inlets + number of outlets - 1
+        # fluid: number of fluids
+        # enthalpy: number of outlets
+
+        self.num_eq = self.num_i + self.num_o * 2 + self.num_nw_fluids
+
+        self.jacobian = np.zeros((
+            self.num_eq,
+            self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_vars,
+            self.num_nw_vars))
+
+        self.residual = np.zeros(self.num_eq)
+        self.jacobian[0:1] = self.mass_flow_deriv()
+        end = self.num_i + self.num_o
+        self.jacobian[1:end] = self.pressure_deriv()
+
+    def additional_equations(self, k):
+        r"""
+        Calculate results of additional equations.
+
+        Equations
+
+            **mandatroy equations**
+
+            .. math:: 0 = fluid_{i,in} - fluid_{i,out_{j}} \;
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{fluid}, \; \forall j \in outlets
+
+            .. math::
+
+                0 = T_{in} - T_{out,i} \;
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}
+        """
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for fluid balance
+        for fluid, x in self.inl[0].fluid.val.items():
+            res = x * self.inl[0].m.val_SI
+            for o in self.outl:
+                res -= o.fluid.val[fluid] * o.m.val_SI
+            self.residual[k] = res
+            k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for energy balance
+        for o in self.outl:
+            self.residual[k] = (
+                T_mix_ph(self.inl[0].to_flow(), T0=self.inl[0].T.val_SI) -
+                T_mix_ph(o.to_flow(), T0=o.T.val_SI))
+            k += 1
+
+    def additional_derivatives(self, increment_filter, k):
+        r"""Calculate partial derivatives for given additional equations."""
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for fluid balance equations
+        i = 0
+        for fluid in self.nw_fluids:
+            j = 0
+            for o in self.outl:
+                self.jacobian[k, j + 1, 0] = -o.fluid.val[fluid]
+                self.jacobian[k, j + 1, i + 3] = -o.m.val_SI
+                j += 1
+            self.jacobian[k, 0, 0] = self.inl[0].fluid.val[fluid]
+            self.jacobian[k, 0, i + 3] = self.inl[0].m.val_SI
+            k += 1
+            i += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # derivatives for energy balance equations
+        i = self.inl[0].to_flow()
+        j = 0
+        for o in self.outl:
+            o = o.to_flow()
+            self.jacobian[k, 0, 1] = dT_mix_dph(i)
+            self.jacobian[k, 0, 2] = dT_mix_pdh(i)
+            self.jacobian[k, 0, 3:] = dT_mix_ph_dfluid(i)
+            self.jacobian[k, j + 1, 1] = -dT_mix_dph(o)
+            self.jacobian[k, j + 1, 2] = -dT_mix_pdh(o)
+            self.jacobian[k, j + 1, 3:] = -1 * dT_mix_ph_dfluid(o)
+            j += 1
+            k += 1
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_fluids(nw):
+        r"""
+        Fluid initialisation for fluid mixture at outlet of the node.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        nw : tespy.networks.network
+            Network using this component object.
+        """
+        return
+
+# %%
+
+
+class splitter(node):
+    r"""
+    Split up a mass flow in parts of identical enthalpy and fluid composition.
+
+    Equations
+
+        **mandatory equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.components.component.mass_flow_func`
+
+        .. math::
+
+            0 = p_{in} - p_{out,i} \;
+            \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}
+
+        **additional equations**
+
+        - :func:`tespy.components.nodes.splitter.additional_equations`
+
+    Inlets/Outlets
+
+        - in1
+        - specify number of outlets with :code:`num_out` (default value: 2)
+
+    Image
+
+        .. image:: _images/split.svg
+           :scale: 100 %
+           :alt: alternative text
+           :align: center
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    label : str
+        The label of the component.
+
+    design : list
+        List containing design parameters (stated as String).
+
+    offdesign : list
+        List containing offdesign parameters (stated as String).
+
+    design_path: str
+        Path to the components design case.
+
+    local_offdesign : boolean
+        Treat this component in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
+
+    local_design : boolean
+        Treat this component in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
+
+    char_warnings: boolean
+        Ignore warnings on default characteristics usage for this component.
+
+    printout: boolean
+        Include this component in the network's results printout.
+
+    num_out : float/tespy.tools.data_containers.dc_simple
+        Number of outlets for this component, default value: 2.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    A splitter is used to split up a single mass flow into a specified number
+    of different parts at identical pressure, enthalpy and fluid composition.
+
+    >>> from tespy.components import sink, source, splitter
+    >>> from tespy.connections import connection
+    >>> from tespy.networks import network
+    >>> import shutil
+    >>> import numpy as np
+    >>> fluid_list = ['O2', 'N2']
+    >>> nw = network(fluids=fluid_list, p_unit='bar', T_unit='C',
+    ... iterinfo=False)
+    >>> so = source('source')
+    >>> si1 = sink('sink1')
+    >>> si2 = sink('sink2')
+    >>> si3 = sink('sink3')
+    >>> s = splitter('splitter', num_out=3)
+    >>> s.component()
+    'splitter'
+    >>> inc = connection(so, 'out1', s, 'in1')
+    >>> outg1 = connection(s, 'out1', si1, 'in1')
+    >>> outg2 = connection(s, 'out2', si2, 'in1')
+    >>> outg3 = connection(s, 'out3', si3, 'in1')
+    >>> nw.add_conns(inc, outg1, outg2, outg3)
+
+    An Air (simplified) mass flow is split up into three mass flows. The total
+    incoming mass flow is 5 kg/s, 3 kg/s and 1 kg/s respectively are leaving
+    the splitter into the first two outlets. The residual mass flow will
+    drain in the last outlet. Temperature and fluid composition will not
+    change.
+
+    >>> inc.set_attr(fluid={'O2': 0.23, 'N2': 0.77}, p=1, T=20, m=5)
+    >>> outg1.set_attr(m=3)
+    >>> outg2.set_attr(m=1)
+    >>> nw.solve('design')
+    >>> round(outg3.m.val_SI, 1)
+    1.0
+    >>> round(inc.T.val, 1)
+    20.0
+    >>> round(outg3.T.val, 1)
+    20.0
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def component():
+        return 'splitter'
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def attr():
+        return {'num_out': dc_simple()}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def inlets():
+        return ['in1']
+
+    def outlets(self):
+        if self.num_out.is_set:
+            return ['out' + str(i + 1) for i in range(self.num_out.val)]
+        else:
+            self.set_attr(num_out=2)
+            return self.outlets()
+
+    def comp_init(self, nw):
+
+        component.comp_init(self, nw)
+
+        # number of mandatroy equations for
+        # mass flow: 1
+        # pressure: number of inlets + number of outlets - 1
+        # fluid: number of outlets * number of fluid_set
+        # enthalpy: number of outlets
+
+        self.num_eq = self.num_i + self.num_o * (2 + self.num_nw_fluids)
+
+        self.jacobian = np.zeros((
+            self.num_eq,
+            self.num_i + self.num_o + self.num_vars,
+            self.num_nw_vars))
+
+        self.residual = np.zeros(self.num_eq)
+        self.jacobian[0:1] = self.mass_flow_deriv()
+        end = self.num_i + self.num_o
+        self.jacobian[1:end] = self.pressure_deriv()
+        start = end
+        end = start + self.num_o * self.num_nw_fluids
+        self.jacobian[start:end] = self.fluid_deriv()
+        start = end
+        end = start + self.num_o
+        self.jacobian[start:end] = self.enthalpy_deriv()
+
+    def additional_equations(self, k):
+        r"""
+        Calculate results of additional equations.
+
+        Equations
+
+            **mandatroy equations**
+
+            .. math:: 0 = fluid_{i,in} - fluid_{i,out_{j}} \;
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{fluid}, \; \forall j \in outlets
+
+            .. math::
+                0 = h_{in} - h_{out,i} \;
+                \forall i \in \mathrm{outlets}\\
+        """
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for fluid balance
+        for o in self.outl:
+            for fluid, x in self.inl[0].fluid.val.items():
+                self.residual[k] = x - o.fluid.val[fluid]
+                k += 1
+
+        ######################################################################
+        # equations for energy balance
+        for o in self.outl:
+            self.residual[k] = self.inl[0].h.val_SI - o.h.val_SI
+            k += 1
+
+    def additional_derivatives(self, increment_filter, k):
+        r"""Calculate partial derivatives for given additional equations."""
+        return
+
+    def fluid_deriv(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate partial derivatives for all fluid balance equations.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        deriv : list
+            Matrix with partial derivatives for the fluid equations.
+        """
+        deriv = np.zeros((self.num_nw_fluids * self.num_o, 1 + self.num_o,
+                          self.num_nw_vars))
+        k = 0
+        for o in self.outl:
+            i = 0
+            for fluid in self.nw_fluids:
+                deriv[i + k * self.num_nw_fluids, 0, i + 3] = 1
+                deriv[i + k * self.num_nw_fluids, k + 1, i + 3] = -1
+                i += 1
+            k += 1
+        return deriv
+
+    def enthalpy_deriv(self):
+        r"""
+        Calculate partial derivatives for enthalpy balance equation.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        deriv : list
+            Matrix of partial derivatives.
+        """
+        deriv = np.zeros((self.num_o, 1 + self.num_o, self.num_nw_vars))
+        k = 0
+        for o in self.outl:
+            deriv[k, 0, 2] = 1
+            deriv[k, k + 1, 2] = -1
+            k += 1
+        return deriv
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def initialise_fluids(nw):
+        r"""
+        Fluid initialisation for fluid mixture at outlet of the node.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        nw : tespy.networks.network
+            Network using this component object.
+        """
+        return