tequila-basic 1.9.8__py3-none-any.whl → 1.9.10__py3-none-any.whl

tequila/simulators/simulator_ddsim.py

@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+from tequila.simulators.simulator_base import BackendCircuit, QCircuit, BackendExpectationValue
+from tequila.wavefunction.qubit_wavefunction import QubitWaveFunction
+from tequila import TequilaException
+from tequila import BitString, BitNumbering
+from tequila.utils.keymap import KeyMapRegisterToSubregister
+from tequila.utils import to_float
+from typing import Union
+
+import numpy as np
+from mqt.ddsim.pyddsim import CircuitSimulator
+from mqt.core.ir import QuantumComputation
+from mqt.core.ir.operations import StandardOperation, SymbolicOperation, NonUnitaryOperation, Control, OpType
+from mqt.core.ir.symbolic import Variable, Expression, Term
+
+import numbers
+from tequila.circuit.compiler import change_basis
+
+
+def set_computational_basis(state: int, n_qubits: int) -> QuantumComputation:
+    qc = QuantumComputation(n_qubits)
+    bitstring = BitString.from_int(state, n_qubits)
+    for i, bit in enumerate(bitstring):
+        if bit:
+            qc.x(i)
+    return qc
+
+
+class TequilaDDSimException(TequilaException):
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Error in DDSim backend:" + self.message
+
+
+class BackendCircuitDDSim(BackendCircuit):
+    """
+    Class representing circuits compiled to DDSim.
+    See BackendCircuit for documentation of features and methods inherited therefrom
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    counter:
+        counts how many distinct ddsim Variables are employed in the circuit.
+    op_lookup: dict:
+        dictionary mapping strings (tequila gate names) to ddsim objects (mqt.core.ir).
+    resolver:
+        dictionary for resolving parameters at runtime for circuits.
+    tq_to_ddsim: dict:
+        dictionary mapping tequila Variables and Objectives to ddsim Variables, for parameter resolution.
+    """
+
+    numbering = BitNumbering.LSB
+
+    quantum_state_class = QuantumComputation
+
+    # TODO: Set to true and use mqt.core.dd to simulate (only supports unitary operations i.e no sampling or reset)
+    supports_sampling_initialization = False
+    supports_generic_initialization = False
+
+    def __init__(self, abstract_circuit: QCircuit, variables: dict, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        abstract_circuit: QCircuit:
+            the circuit to compile to ddsim
+        variables: dict:
+            values of all variables in the circuit, to compile with.
+        args
+        kwargs
+        """
+        self.op_lookup = {
+            "I": OpType.i,
+            "X": OpType.x,
+            "Y": OpType.y,
+            "Z": OpType.z,
+            "H": OpType.h,
+            "Rx": OpType.rx,
+            "Ry": OpType.ry,
+            "Rz": OpType.rz,
+            "SWAP": OpType.swap,
+        }
+
+        self.counter = 0
+        self.tq_to_ddsim = {}
+
+        self.resolver = None
+        qubit_map = {q: i for i, q in enumerate(abstract_circuit.qubits)}
+
+        super().__init__(abstract_circuit=abstract_circuit, variables=variables, qubit_map=qubit_map, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def initialize_state(self, n_qubits: int = None, initial_state: Union[int, QubitWaveFunction] = None):
+        if n_qubits is None:
+            n_qubits = self.n_qubits
+
+        state = self.quantum_state_class(n_qubits)
+
+        if isinstance(initial_state, int):
+            state = set_computational_basis(initial_state, n_qubits)
+        elif isinstance(initial_state, QubitWaveFunction):
+            raise TequilaDDSimException("backend does not support arbitrary initial states")
+
+        return state
+
+    def update_variables(self, variables: dict):
+        """
+        set new variable values for the circuit.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        variables: dict:
+            the variables to supply to the circuit.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        None
+        """
+        if isinstance(variables, dict):
+            variables = {k: to_float(v) for k, v in variables.items()}
+
+        if len(self.tq_to_ddsim.keys()) > 0:
+            self.resolver = {k: v(variables) for v, k in self.tq_to_ddsim.items()}
+
+    def do_simulate(self, variables, initial_state: Union[int, QubitWaveFunction], *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Helper function to perform simulation.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        variables: dict:
+            variables to supply to the circuit.
+        initial_state:
+            information indicating the initial state on which the circuit should act.
+        args
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        QubitWaveFunction:
+            QubitWaveFunction representing result of the simulation.
+        """
+        state = self.initialize_state(self.n_qubits, initial_state).to_operation()
+        if state is not None:
+            self.circuit.insert(idx=0, op=state)
+        sim_kwargs = {
+            "approximation_step_fidelity": kwargs.get("approximation_step_fidelity", 1),
+            "approximation_steps": kwargs.get("approximation_steps", 1),
+            "approximation_strategy": kwargs.get("approximation_strategy", "fidelity"),
+            "seed": kwargs.get("seed", -1),
+        }
+        if self.resolver is not None:
+            circuit = self.circuit.instantiate(self.resolver)
+        else:
+            circuit = self.circuit
+        sim = CircuitSimulator(circuit, **sim_kwargs)
+        sim.simulate(shots=0)
+        vec = sim.get_constructed_dd().get_vector()
+        wfn = QubitWaveFunction.from_array(array=np.array(vec, copy=False), numbering=self.numbering)
+        return wfn
+
+    def convert_measurements(self, backend_result, target_qubits=None) -> QubitWaveFunction:
+        """
+        Transform backend evaluation results into QubitWaveFunction
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        backend_result:
+            the return value of backend simulation.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        QubitWaveFunction
+            results transformed to tequila native QubitWaveFunction
+        """
+        result = QubitWaveFunction(self.n_qubits, self.numbering)
+
+        for k, v in backend_result.items():
+            # ddsim uses LSB bitstrings, but from_binary expects MSB
+            converted_key = BitString.from_binary(k[::-1])
+            result[converted_key] = v
+
+        if target_qubits is not None:
+            mapped_target = [self.qubit_map[q].number for q in target_qubits]
+            mapped_full = [self.qubit_map[q].number for q in self.abstract_qubits]
+            keymap = KeyMapRegisterToSubregister(subregister=mapped_target, register=mapped_full)
+            result = QubitWaveFunction.from_wavefunction(result, keymap, n_qubits=len(target_qubits))
+
+        return result
+
+    def do_sample(self, samples, circuit, read_out_qubits, initial_state=0, *args, **kwargs) -> QubitWaveFunction:
+        """
+        Helper function for performing sampling.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        samples: int:
+            the number of samples to be taken.
+        circuit:
+            the circuit to sample from.
+        initial_state:
+            initial state to apply the circuit to.
+        args
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        QubitWaveFunction:
+            the results of sampling, as a Qubit Wave Function.
+        """
+        state = self.initialize_state(self.n_qubits, initial_state).to_operation()
+        if state is not None:
+            circuit.insert(idx=0, op=state)
+        sim = CircuitSimulator(circuit)
+        sampled = sim.simulate(samples)
+        return self.convert_measurements(backend_result=sampled, target_qubits=read_out_qubits)
+
+    def initialize_circuit(self, *args, **kwargs) -> QuantumComputation:
+        """
+        return an empty circuit.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        args
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        QuantumComputation
+        """
+        return QuantumComputation(self.n_qubits, self.n_qubits)
+
+    def add_parametrized_gate(self, gate, circuit, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        add a parametrized gate.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        gate: QGateImpl:
+            the gate to add to the circuit.
+        circuit:
+            the circuit to which the gate is to be added
+        args
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        None
+        """
+        op = self.op_lookup[gate.name]
+        parameter = gate.parameter
+
+        if isinstance(parameter, float):
+            par = parameter
+        else:
+            try:
+                par = self.tq_to_ddsim[parameter]
+            except Exception:
+                var = Variable(
+                    "{}_{}".format(
+                        self._name_variable_objective(parameter),
+                        str(self.counter),
+                    )
+                )
+                par = Expression([Term(var, 1)])
+                self.tq_to_ddsim[parameter] = var
+                self.counter += 1
+
+        ddsim_gate = SymbolicOperation(
+            controls=set(Control(self.qubit(c)) for c in gate.control),
+            targets=[self.qubit(t) for t in gate.target],
+            op_type=op,
+            params=[par],
+        )
+        circuit.append(ddsim_gate)
+
+    def add_basic_gate(self, gate, circuit, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        add an unparametrized gate to the circuit.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        gate: QGateImpl:
+            the gate to be added to the circuit.
+        circuit:
+            the circuit, to which a gate is to be added.
+        args
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        None
+        """
+        op = self.op_lookup[gate.name]
+        ddsim_gate = StandardOperation(
+            controls={Control(self.qubit(c)) for c in gate.control},
+            targets=[self.qubit(t) for t in gate.target],
+            op_type=op,
+        )
+        circuit.append(ddsim_gate)
+
+    def add_measurement(self, circuit, target_qubits, *args, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Add a measurement operation to a circuit.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        circuit:
+            a circuit, to which the measurement is to be added.
+        target_qubits: List[int]
+            abstract target qubits
+        args
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        circuit with measurements
+
+        """
+        tq = [self.qubit(t) for t in target_qubits]
+        meas = NonUnitaryOperation(targets=tq, classics=tq)
+        circuit.append(meas)
+        return circuit
+
+    # Overwriting `sample_paulistring` since mqt.ir QuantumComputation object is not pickable:
+    # copy.deepcopy fails.
+    def sample_paulistring(
+        self, samples: int, paulistring, variables, initial_state: Union[int, QubitWaveFunction] = 0, *args, **kwargs
+    ) -> numbers.Real:
+        """
+        Sample an individual pauli word (pauli string) and return the average result thereof.
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        samples: int:
+            how many samples to evaluate.
+        paulistring:
+            the paulistring to be sampled.
+        args
+        kwargs
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        float:
+            the average result of sampling the chosen paulistring
+        """
+        not_in_u = [q for q in paulistring.qubits if q not in self.abstract_qubits]
+        reduced_ps = paulistring.trace_out_qubits(qubits=not_in_u)
+        if reduced_ps.coeff == 0.0:
+            return 0.0
+        if len(reduced_ps._data.keys()) == 0:
+            return reduced_ps.coeff
+
+        # make basis change and translate to backend
+        basis_change = QCircuit()
+        qubits = []
+        for idx, p in reduced_ps.items():
+            qubits.append(idx)
+            basis_change += change_basis(target=idx, axis=p)
+
+        # Simple fix to the `copy` problem
+        if self.resolver is not None:
+            _circuit = self.circuit.instantiate(self.resolver)
+        else:
+            r = {Variable("_"): 0}  # Dummy variable
+            _circuit = self.circuit.instantiate(r)
+
+        # add basis change to the circuit
+        # can be circumvented by optimizing the measurements
+        # on construction: tq.ExpectationValue(H=H, U=U, optimize_measurements=True)
+        circuit = self.create_circuit(circuit=_circuit, abstract_circuit=basis_change)
+        # run simulators
+        counts = self.sample(
+            samples=samples,
+            circuit=circuit,
+            read_out_qubits=qubits,
+            variables=variables,
+            initial_state=initial_state,
+            *args,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        # compute energy
+        E = 0.0
+        n_samples = 0
+        for key, count in counts.items():
+            parity = key.array.count(1)
+            sign = (-1) ** parity
+            E += sign * count
+            n_samples += count
+        assert n_samples == samples
+        E = E / samples * paulistring.coeff
+        return E
+
+
+class BackendExpectationValueDDSim(BackendExpectationValue):
+    """
+    Class representing Expectation Values compiled for DDSim.
+    """
+
+    BackendCircuitType = BackendCircuitDDSim

tequila/simulators/simulator_mqp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from mqp.qiskit_provider import MQPProvider, MQPBackend
+from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit
+from mqp.qiskit_provider import MQPProvider, MQPBackend
+from tequila import TequilaException
+from tequila.simulators.simulator_aqt import BackendCircuitAQT, BackendExpectationValueAQT
+
+
+class BackendCircuitMQP(BackendCircuitAQT):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    # don't transpile the circuit for mqp
+    def get_circuit(
+        self, circuit: QuantumCircuit, qiskit_backend, initial_state=0, optimization_level=1, *args, **kwargs
+    ) -> QuantumCircuit:
+        circ = circuit.assign_parameters(self.resolver)  # this is necessary -- see qiskit-aer issue 1346
+        circ = self.add_state_init(circ, initial_state)
+        return circ
+
+    def do_simulate(self, variables, initial_state=0, *args, **kwargs):
+        raise TequilaMQPException("MQP backend does not support do_simulate")
+
+
+class BackendExpectationValueMQP(BackendExpectationValueAQT):
+    BackendCircuitType = BackendCircuitMQP
+
+
+class TequilaMQPException(TequilaException):
+    def __str__(self):
+        return "Error in MQP backend:" + self.message