tactus 0.31.0__py3-none-any.whl

tactus/core/dsl_stubs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2117 @@
+"""
+DSL stub functions for Lua execution.
+
+These functions are injected into the Lua sandbox before executing
+.tac files. They populate the registry with declarations.
+
+Current Syntax (assignment-based):
+    -- Tools: import from stdlib or define custom
+    local done = require("tactus.tools.done")
+    multiply = Tool { input = {...}, function(args) ... end }
+
+    -- Agents: assign to variable, tools as variable refs
+    greeter = Agent {
+        provider = "openai",
+        system_prompt = "...",
+        tools = {done, multiply}
+    }
+
+    -- Procedure: unnamed defaults to "main"
+    Procedure {
+        output = { result = field.string{required = true} },
+        function(input)
+            greeter()
+            return { result = "done" }
+        end
+    }
+
+Agent/Tool calls use direct variable access:
+    greeter()                       -- Execute agent turn (callable syntax)
+    multiply.called()               -- Check if tool was called
+    done.last_result()              -- Get last tool result
+"""
+
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict
+
+from .registry import RegistryBuilder
+from tactus.primitives.handles import AgentHandle, ModelHandle, AgentLookup, ModelLookup
+
+
+# NEW Builder pattern for field types - moved outside function for import
+class FieldDefinition(dict):
+    """Special marker class for new field.type{} syntax."""
+
+    pass
+
+
+def lua_table_to_dict(lua_table):
+    """
+    Convert lupa table to Python dict or list recursively.
+
+    Handles:
+    - Nested tables
+    - Arrays (tables with numeric indices)
+    - Empty tables (converted to empty list)
+    - Mixed tables
+    - Primitive values
+    """
+    if lua_table is None:
+        return {}
+
+    # Check if it's a lupa table
+    if not hasattr(lua_table, "items"):
+        # It's a primitive value, return as-is
+        return lua_table
+
+    try:
+        # Get all keys
+        keys = list(lua_table.keys())
+
+        # Empty table - return empty list (common for tools = {})
+        if not keys:
+            return []
+
+        # Check if it's an array (all keys are consecutive integers starting from 1)
+        if all(isinstance(k, int) for k in keys):
+            sorted_keys = sorted(keys)
+            if sorted_keys == list(range(1, len(keys) + 1)):
+                # It's an array
+                return [
+                    (
+                        lua_table_to_dict(lua_table[k])
+                        if hasattr(lua_table[k], "items")
+                        else lua_table[k]
+                    )
+                    for k in sorted_keys
+                ]
+
+        # It's a dictionary
+        result = {}
+        for key, value in lua_table.items():
+            # Recursively convert nested tables
+            if hasattr(value, "items"):
+                result[key] = lua_table_to_dict(value)
+            else:
+                result[key] = value
+        return result
+
+    except (AttributeError, TypeError):
+        # Fallback: return as-is
+        return lua_table
+
+
+def _normalize_schema(schema):
+    """Convert empty list to empty dict (lua_table_to_dict converts {} to [])."""
+    if isinstance(schema, list) and len(schema) == 0:
+        return {}
+    return schema
+
+
+def create_dsl_stubs(
+    builder: RegistryBuilder,
+    tool_primitive: Any = None,
+    mock_manager: Any = None,
+    runtime_context: Dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> dict[str, Callable]:
+    """
+    Create DSL stub functions that populate the registry.
+
+    These functions are injected into the Lua environment before
+    executing the .tac file.
+
+    Args:
+        builder: RegistryBuilder to register declarations
+        tool_primitive: Optional ToolPrimitive for creating callable ToolHandles
+        mock_manager: Optional MockManager for checking module mocks
+        runtime_context: Optional runtime context for immediate agent creation
+                        (includes registry, mock_manager, execution_context, etc.)
+
+    Returns:
+        Dict of DSL functions to inject into Lua, including:
+        - Lowercase definition functions: agent, tool, procedure, model
+        - Uppercase lookup functions: Agent, Tool, Model
+    """
+    # Registries for handle lookup
+    _agent_registry: Dict[str, AgentHandle] = {}
+    _tool_registry: Dict[str, Any] = {}  # ToolHandle instances
+    _model_registry: Dict[str, ModelHandle] = {}
+
+    # Store runtime context for immediate agent creation
+    _runtime_context = runtime_context or {}
+
+    # Global registry for named procedure stubs to find their implementations
+    _procedure_registry = {}
+
+    def _process_procedure_config(name: str | None, config, procedure_registry: dict):
+        """
+        Process procedure config and register the procedure.
+
+        This helper extracts the function from config, registers the procedure,
+        and returns a stub for later invocation.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Procedure name (defaults to "main" if None)
+            config: Lua table with procedure config
+            procedure_registry: Registry to store procedure stubs
+
+        Returns:
+            NamedProcedureStub for the registered procedure
+        """
+        # Default to "main" if no name provided (for assignment-based syntax)
+        if name is None:
+            name = "main"
+        # Extract the function from the raw Lua table before conversion
+        # In Lua tables, unnamed elements are stored with numeric indices (1-based)
+        run_fn = None
+
+        # Check for function in array part of table (numeric indices)
+        if hasattr(config, "__getitem__"):
+            # Try to get function from numeric indices (Lua uses 1-based indexing)
+            for i in range(1, 10):  # Check first few positions
+                try:
+                    item = config[i]
+                    if callable(item):
+                        run_fn = item
+                        # Remove from table so it doesn't appear in config_dict
+                        config[i] = None
+                        break
+                except (KeyError, TypeError):
+                    break
+
+        # Now convert to dict (excluding the function we removed)
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+        # Normalize empty config (lua {} -> python [])
+        if isinstance(config_dict, list) and len(config_dict) == 0:
+            config_dict = {}
+
+        # If we got a list with None values from removing function, clean it up
+        if isinstance(config_dict, list):
+            config_dict = [x for x in config_dict if x is not None]
+            if len(config_dict) == 0:
+                config_dict = {}
+
+        # If no function found in array part, check for legacy 'run' field
+        if run_fn is None:
+            run_fn = config_dict.pop("run", None)
+
+        if run_fn is None:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Procedure '{name}' requires a function. "
+                f"Use: Procedure {{ input = {{...}}, function() ... end }}"
+            )
+
+        # Extract schemas (normalize empty lists to dicts)
+        input_schema = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("input", {}))
+        output_schema = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("output", {}))
+        state_schema = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("state", {}))
+
+        # Also extract dependencies schema if present
+        dependencies_schema = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("dependencies", {}))
+
+        # Register named procedure (pass dependencies as part of state for now)
+        # Future: Add dedicated dependencies field to registry
+        if dependencies_schema:
+            state_schema["_dependencies"] = dependencies_schema
+
+        builder.register_named_procedure(name, run_fn, input_schema, output_schema, state_schema)
+
+        # Return a stub that will delegate to the registry at call time
+        class NamedProcedureStub:
+            """
+            Stub that delegates to the actual ProcedureCallable when called.
+            This gets replaced during runtime initialization.
+            """
+
+            def __init__(self, proc_name, registry):
+                self.name = proc_name
+                self.registry = registry
+
+            def __call__(self, *args):
+                # Look up the real implementation from the registry
+                if self.name in self.registry:
+                    return self.registry[self.name](*args)
+                else:
+                    raise RuntimeError(f"Named procedure '{self.name}' not initialized yet")
+
+        stub = NamedProcedureStub(name, procedure_registry)
+        procedure_registry[name] = stub  # Store stub temporarily
+        return stub
+
+    def _procedure(name_or_config=None, config=None, run_fn=None):
+        """
+        Procedure definition supporting multiple syntax variants.
+
+        Unnamed syntax (becomes the main entry point):
+            Procedure {
+                input = {...},
+                output = {...},
+                function(input) ... end
+            }
+            -- This automatically becomes "main" procedure
+
+        Named procedure syntax:
+            main = Procedure {
+                input = {...},
+                output = {...},
+                function(input)
+                    return {result = input.value * 2}
+                end
+            }
+
+        Sub-procedure syntax:
+            helper = Procedure {
+                input = {...},
+                output = {...},
+                function(input)
+                    return {result = input.value * 2}
+                end
+            }
+
+        Note: Only ONE unnamed Procedure is allowed per file.
+        Multiple unnamed Procedures will result in a validation error.
+
+        Args:
+            name_or_config: Must be None (assignment-based syntax)
+            config: Procedure configuration table
+            run_fn: Not used (kept for compatibility)
+
+        Returns:
+            ProcedureStub that will be registered when assigned to a variable
+        """
+        # Check if this is assignment-based syntax: main = Procedure { ... }
+        # In this case, name_or_config is the table/config
+        if name_or_config is not None and hasattr(name_or_config, "items"):
+            # This is: variable = Procedure { ... }
+            # We can't know the variable name here, so return a callable stub
+            # that will process the config when assigned
+            config_table = name_or_config
+            return _process_procedure_config(None, config_table, _procedure_registry)
+
+        # First argument must be a string name for curried syntax
+        name = name_or_config
+        if name is not None and not isinstance(name, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Procedure() first argument must be a string name, got {type(name).__name__}"
+            )
+
+        # Check if this is old-style 3-argument call
+        if config is not None or run_fn is not None:
+            # Old syntax: procedure("name", {config}, function)
+            # Convert config if needed
+            if config is not None:
+                config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+            else:
+                config_dict = {}
+
+            # Normalize empty config (lua {} -> python [])
+            if isinstance(config_dict, list) and len(config_dict) == 0:
+                config_dict = {}
+
+            if run_fn is None:
+                raise TypeError(
+                    f"procedure '{name}' requires a function in old syntax. "
+                    f"Use: procedure('{name}', {{config}}, function() ... end)"
+                )
+
+            # Extract schemas (normalize empty lists to dicts)
+            input_schema = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("input", {}))
+            output_schema = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("output", {}))
+            state_schema = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("state", {}))
+
+            # Register named procedure
+            builder.register_named_procedure(
+                name, run_fn, input_schema, output_schema, state_schema
+            )
+
+            # Return a stub that will delegate to the registry at call time
+            class NamedProcedureStub:
+                """
+                Stub that delegates to the actual ProcedureCallable when called.
+                This gets replaced during runtime initialization.
+                """
+
+                def __init__(self, proc_name, registry):
+                    self.name = proc_name
+                    self.registry = registry
+
+                def __call__(self, *args):
+                    # Look up the real implementation from the registry
+                    if self.name in self.registry:
+                        return self.registry[self.name](*args)
+                    else:
+                        raise RuntimeError(f"Named procedure '{self.name}' not initialized yet")
+
+            stub = NamedProcedureStub(name, _procedure_registry)
+            _procedure_registry[name] = stub  # Store stub temporarily
+            return stub
+
+        # New curried syntax - return a function that accepts config
+        def accept_config(config):
+            """Accept config (with function as last unnamed element) and register procedure."""
+            return _process_procedure_config(name, config, _procedure_registry)
+
+        return accept_config
+
+    def _prompt(prompt_name: str, content: str) -> None:
+        """Register a prompt template."""
+        builder.register_prompt(prompt_name, content)
+
+    def _toolset(toolset_name: str, config=None):
+        """
+        Toolset definition supporting both old and new syntax.
+
+        Old syntax (deprecated):
+            Toolset("name", {config})
+
+        New syntax (curried):
+            Toolset "name" { config }
+
+        Supports multiple sources:
+        - Import all tools from a .tac file via use = "./helpers/math.tac"
+        - MCP server collection via use = "mcp.filesystem"
+        - Group existing tools via tools = ["tool1", "tool2"]
+
+        Args:
+            toolset_name: Name of the toolset
+            config: Optional config dict (for old syntax)
+
+        Returns:
+            Function that accepts config (new syntax) or None (old syntax)
+
+        Example (Import from file):
+            Toolset "math" { use = "./helpers/math.tac" }
+
+        Example (MCP server):
+            Toolset "filesystem" {
+                use = "mcp.filesystem",
+                include = {"read_file", "write_file"},  -- optional filter
+                exclude = {"delete_file"}               -- optional filter
+            }
+
+        Example (Group existing tools):
+            Toolset "research" {
+                tools = {"search", "analyze", "summarize"}
+            }
+
+        Example (Inline Lua tools):
+            Toolset "custom" {
+                tools = {
+                    {
+                        name = "my_tool",
+                        description = "A custom tool",
+                        input = {text = field.string{required = true}},
+                        function(args) return args.text:upper() end
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        # Check if this is old-style 2-argument call
+        if config is not None:
+            # Old syntax: Toolset("name", {config})
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+            # Normalize empty config
+            if isinstance(config_dict, list) and len(config_dict) == 0:
+                config_dict = {}
+
+            # Register the toolset
+            builder.register_toolset(toolset_name, config_dict)
+            return None
+
+        # New curried syntax - return a function that accepts config
+        def accept_config(config):
+            """Accept config and register toolset."""
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+            # Normalize empty config
+            if isinstance(config_dict, list) and len(config_dict) == 0:
+                config_dict = {}
+
+            # Register the toolset
+            builder.register_toolset(toolset_name, config_dict)
+
+        return accept_config
+
+    def _hitl(hitl_name: str, config) -> None:
+        """Register a HITL interaction point."""
+        builder.register_hitl(hitl_name, lua_table_to_dict(config))
+
+    def _model(model_name: str):
+        """
+        Curried model definition: model "name" { config }
+
+        First call captures name, returns config acceptor.
+
+        Args:
+            model_name: Model name (string identifier)
+
+        Returns:
+            Function that accepts config and returns ModelHandle
+
+        Example (Lua):
+            classifier = model "classifier" {
+                type = "pytorch",
+                path = "models/classifier.pt"
+            }
+
+            local result = Model("classifier").predict(data)
+        """
+
+        def accept_config(config) -> ModelHandle:
+            """Accept config and register model."""
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+            builder.register_model(model_name, config_dict)
+
+            # Create and register handle for lookup
+            handle = ModelHandle(model_name)
+            _model_registry[model_name] = handle
+            return handle
+
+        return accept_config
+
+    def _specification(*args) -> None:
+        """Register BDD specs.
+
+        Supported forms:
+          - Specification([[ Gherkin text ]])  (alias for Specifications)
+          - Specification("name", { ... })     (structured form; legacy)
+        """
+        if len(args) == 1:
+            builder.register_specifications(args[0])
+            return
+        if len(args) >= 2:
+            spec_name, scenarios = args[0], args[1]
+            builder.register_specification(spec_name, lua_table_to_dict(scenarios))
+            return
+        raise TypeError("Specification expects either (gherkin_text) or (name, scenarios)")
+
+    def _specifications(gherkin_text: str) -> None:
+        """Register Gherkin BDD specifications."""
+        builder.register_specifications(gherkin_text)
+
+    def _step(step_text: str, lua_function) -> None:
+        """Register a custom step definition."""
+        builder.register_custom_step(step_text, lua_function)
+
+    def _evaluation(config) -> None:
+        """Register evaluation configuration.
+
+        Supported forms:
+          - Evaluation({ runs=..., parallel=... })          (single-run config)
+          - Evaluation({ dataset=..., evaluators=..., ...}) (alias for Evaluations)
+        """
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config or {})
+        if any(k in config_dict for k in ("dataset", "dataset_file", "evaluators", "thresholds")):
+            builder.register_evaluations(config_dict)
+            return
+        builder.set_evaluation_config(config_dict)
+
+    def _evaluations(config) -> None:
+        """Register Pydantic Evals evaluation configuration."""
+        builder.register_evaluations(lua_table_to_dict(config or {}))
+
+    def _default_provider(provider: str) -> None:
+        """Set default provider."""
+        builder.set_default_provider(provider)
+
+    def _default_model(model: str) -> None:
+        """Set default model."""
+        builder.set_default_model(model)
+
+    def _return_prompt(prompt: str) -> None:
+        """Set return prompt."""
+        builder.set_return_prompt(prompt)
+
+    def _error_prompt(prompt: str) -> None:
+        """Set error prompt."""
+        builder.set_error_prompt(prompt)
+
+    def _status_prompt(prompt: str) -> None:
+        """Set status prompt."""
+        builder.set_status_prompt(prompt)
+
+    def _async(enabled: bool) -> None:
+        """Set async execution flag."""
+        builder.set_async(enabled)
+
+    def _max_depth(depth: int) -> None:
+        """Set maximum recursion depth."""
+        builder.set_max_depth(depth)
+
+    def _max_turns(turns: int) -> None:
+        """Set maximum turns."""
+        builder.set_max_turns(turns)
+
+    # Built-in session filters
+    def _last_n(n: int) -> tuple:
+        """Filter to keep last N messages."""
+        return ("last_n", n)
+
+    def _token_budget(max_tokens: int) -> tuple:
+        """Filter by token budget."""
+        return ("token_budget", max_tokens)
+
+    def _by_role(role: str) -> tuple:
+        """Filter by message role."""
+        return ("by_role", role)
+
+    def _compose(*filters) -> tuple:
+        """Compose multiple filters."""
+        return ("compose", filters)
+
+    # Built-in spec matchers
+    def _contains(value: Any) -> tuple:
+        """Matcher: contains value."""
+        return ("contains", value)
+
+    def _equals(value: Any) -> tuple:
+        """Matcher: equals value."""
+        return ("equals", value)
+
+    def _matches(pattern: str) -> tuple:
+        """Matcher: matches regex pattern."""
+        return ("matches", pattern)
+
+    def _input(schema) -> None:
+        """
+        Top-level input schema declaration for script mode.
+
+        Used when there's no explicit main procedure - defines input
+        for the top-level script code.
+
+        Example:
+            input {
+                query = {type = "string", required = true},
+                limit = {type = "number", default = 10}
+            }
+        """
+        schema_dict = lua_table_to_dict(schema)
+        builder.register_top_level_input(schema_dict)
+
+    def _output(schema) -> None:
+        """
+        Top-level output schema declaration for script mode.
+
+        Used when there's no explicit main procedure - defines output
+        for the top-level script code.
+
+        Example:
+            output {
+                result = {type = "string", required = true},
+                count = {type = "number", required = true}
+            }
+        """
+        schema_dict = lua_table_to_dict(schema)
+        builder.register_top_level_output(schema_dict)
+
+    # Type shorthand helper functions
+    # OLD type functions - keeping temporarily until examples are updated
+    def _required(type_name: str, description: str = None) -> dict:
+        """Create a required field of given type."""
+        result = {"type": type_name, "required": True}
+        if description:
+            result["description"] = description
+        return result
+
+    def _string(default: str = None, description: str = None) -> dict:
+        """Create an optional string field."""
+        result = {"type": "string", "required": False}
+        if default is not None:
+            result["default"] = default
+        if description:
+            result["description"] = description
+        return result
+
+    def _number(default: float = None, description: str = None) -> dict:
+        """Create an optional number field."""
+        result = {"type": "number", "required": False}
+        if default is not None:
+            result["default"] = default
+        if description:
+            result["description"] = description
+        return result
+
+    def _boolean(default: bool = None, description: str = None) -> dict:
+        """Create an optional boolean field."""
+        result = {"type": "boolean", "required": False}
+        if default is not None:
+            result["default"] = default
+        if description:
+            result["description"] = description
+        return result
+
+    def _array(default: list = None, description: str = None) -> dict:
+        """Create an optional array field."""
+        result = {"type": "array", "required": False}
+        if default is not None:
+            result["default"] = default if default else []
+        if description:
+            result["description"] = description
+        return result
+
+    def _object(default: dict = None, description: str = None) -> dict:
+        """Create an optional object field."""
+        result = {"type": "object", "required": False}
+        if default is not None:
+            result["default"] = default if default else {}
+        if description:
+            result["description"] = description
+        return result
+
+    # NEW Builder pattern for field types
+    def _field_builder(field_type: str):
+        """Create a field builder for the given type."""
+
+        def build_field(options=None):
+            """Build a field with the given options."""
+            if options is None:
+                options = {}
+
+            # Convert Lua table to dict if needed
+            if hasattr(options, "items"):
+                options = lua_table_to_dict(options)
+
+            # Create a FieldDefinition (subclass of dict) to mark new syntax
+            result = FieldDefinition()
+            result["type"] = field_type
+
+            # Add required flag (default to false)
+            result["required"] = options.get("required", False)
+
+            # Add default value if provided and not required
+            if "default" in options and not result["required"]:
+                result["default"] = options["default"]
+
+            # Add description if provided
+            if "description" in options:
+                result["description"] = options["description"]
+
+            return result
+
+        return build_field
+
+    # Create the field table with builders for each type
+    field = {
+        "string": _field_builder("string"),
+        "number": _field_builder("number"),
+        "boolean": _field_builder("boolean"),
+        "array": _field_builder("array"),
+        "object": _field_builder("object"),
+        "integer": _field_builder("integer"),
+    }
+
+    def _evaluator_builder(evaluator_type: str):
+        """Create a simple evaluator config builder for Evaluation(s)({ evaluators = {...} })."""
+
+        def build_evaluator(options=None):
+            if options is None:
+                options = {}
+            if hasattr(options, "items"):
+                options = lua_table_to_dict(options)
+            if not isinstance(options, dict):
+                options = {}
+            cfg = {"type": evaluator_type}
+            cfg.update(options)
+            return cfg
+
+        return build_evaluator
+
+    # Evaluation(s)() helper constructors (Pydantic Evals integration).
+    # These are configuration builders, not runtime behavior.
+    field["equals_expected"] = _evaluator_builder("equals_expected")
+    field["min_length"] = _evaluator_builder("min_length")
+    field["contains"] = _evaluator_builder("contains")
+
+    # Create lookup functions for uppercase names (Agent, Model)
+    # These allow: Agent("greeter")(), Model("classifier")()  (callable syntax)
+    _Agent = AgentLookup(_agent_registry)
+    _Model = ModelLookup(_model_registry)
+
+    # For Tool lookup, we'll add __call__ to ToolPrimitive
+    # Set the tool registry on the primitive so it can do lookups
+    if tool_primitive is not None:
+        tool_primitive.set_tool_registry(_tool_registry)
+
+    # Create hybrid functions that handle both definition and lookup
+    class HybridModel:
+        """Callable that handles both Model definition and lookup."""
+
+        def __init__(self, definer, lookup):
+            self.definer = definer
+            self.lookup = lookup
+
+        def __call__(self, name, config=None):
+            try:
+                # NEW: Assignment syntax - Model {config} with no name
+                # When called as: my_model = Model {type = "http", ...}
+                # Lua passes the config table (not a string, not None)
+                if not isinstance(name, str) and config is None:
+                    # Assignment syntax: generate temp name and register
+                    import uuid
+
+                    temp_name = f"_temp_model_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+                    config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(name)
+                    builder.register_model(temp_name, config_dict)
+
+                    handle = ModelHandle(temp_name)
+                    _model_registry[temp_name] = handle
+                    return handle
+
+                # If config is provided, it's old-style definition: Model("name", {config})
+                if config is not None:
+                    return self.definer(name, config)
+
+                # If called with just a string
+                if isinstance(name, str):
+                    # Check if the model is already defined (lookup case)
+                    try:
+                        if self.lookup and name in self.lookup._registry:
+                            # This is a lookup: Model("name") where model exists
+                            return self.lookup(name)
+                    except (TypeError, KeyError):
+                        pass
+                    # This is the start of a definition: Model "name" {...}
+                    # Return the curried function from definer
+                    return self.definer(name)
+
+                # Otherwise pass through to definer
+                return self.definer(name, config)
+            except TypeError as e:
+                # Handle unhashable type errors from Lua tables
+                if "unhashable type" in str(e):
+                    # This is assignment syntax with a Lua table
+                    import uuid
+
+                    temp_name = f"_temp_model_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+                    config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(name)
+                    builder.register_model(temp_name, config_dict)
+
+                    handle = ModelHandle(temp_name)
+                    _model_registry[temp_name] = handle
+                    return handle
+                raise
+
+    def _signature(sig_input, config=None):
+        """
+        Create a DSPy Signature.
+
+        Supports both string format and structured format.
+
+        String format:
+        - Simple: "question -> answer"
+        - Multi-field: "context, question -> reasoning, answer"
+        - Typed: "question: str -> answer: str"
+
+        Structured format (curried):
+        - Signature "name" { input = {...}, output = {...} }
+
+        Args:
+            sig_input: Signature string like "question -> answer" or name for curried form
+            config: Optional config dict (for structured form)
+
+        Returns:
+            A dspy.Signature class
+
+        Example (Lua):
+            -- String form
+            Signature("question -> answer")
+            Signature("context, question -> reasoning, answer")
+
+            -- Structured form
+            Signature "qa" {
+                input = {
+                    question = field.string{description = "The question to answer"}
+                },
+                output = {
+                    answer = field.string{description = "The answer"}
+                }
+            }
+        """
+        from tactus.dspy import create_signature
+
+        # String form - check if it looks like a signature string (contains "->")
+        if isinstance(sig_input, str):
+            if "->" in sig_input:
+                # This is a signature string like "question -> answer"
+                return create_signature(sig_input)
+            else:
+                # This is a name for curried form: Signature "name" {...}
+                def accept_config(cfg):
+                    """Accept config and create structured signature."""
+                    config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(cfg)
+
+                    # Normalize empty config
+                    if isinstance(config_dict, list) and len(config_dict) == 0:
+                        config_dict = {}
+
+                    return create_signature(config_dict, name=sig_input)
+
+                return accept_config
+
+        # Direct dict form: Signature({ input = {...}, output = {...} })
+        if hasattr(sig_input, "items"):
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(sig_input)
+            return create_signature(config_dict)
+
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Signature expects a string like 'input -> output' or a name for structured form, "
+            f"got {type(sig_input).__name__}"
+        )
+
+    def _lm(model: str, config=None):
+        """
+        Configure Language Model for DSPy operations.
+
+        Uses LiteLLM's model naming convention:
+        - OpenAI: "openai/gpt-4o", "openai/gpt-4o-mini"
+        - Anthropic: "anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022"
+        - AWS Bedrock: "bedrock/anthropic.claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620-v1:0"
+        - Google: "gemini/gemini-pro"
+
+        Args:
+            model: Model identifier in LiteLLM format
+            config: Optional configuration dict (temperature, api_key, etc.)
+
+        Returns:
+            Configured LM instance
+
+        Example (Lua):
+            LM("openai/gpt-4o")
+            LM("openai/gpt-4o", { temperature = 0.7 })
+            LM "anthropic/claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022" { temperature = 0.3 }
+        """
+        from tactus.dspy import configure_lm
+
+        # Note: With unified mocking, mocks are handled at Module/Agent level
+        # LM configuration still happens normally; mocks intercept at call time
+
+        # Check if this is curried syntax (config is None, return acceptor)
+        if config is None:
+            # Return a function that accepts config
+            def accept_config(cfg=None):
+                cfg_dict = lua_table_to_dict(cfg) if cfg else {}
+                return configure_lm(model, **cfg_dict)
+
+            # Also allow immediate call without config
+            # This handles: LM("openai/gpt-4o") with no second arg
+            return accept_config
+
+        # Direct call with config: LM("model", {config})
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+        return configure_lm(model, **config_dict)
+
+    def _mocks(config):
+        """
+        Define mock configurations for tools and agents.
+
+        Example usage:
+            Mocks {
+                -- Tool mocks
+                search = {
+                    returns = {results = {"mocked result"}}
+                },
+                get_time = {
+                    temporal = {
+                        {time = "10:00"},
+                        {time = "11:00"},
+                        {time = "12:00"}
+                    }
+                },
+                translate = {
+                    conditional = {
+                        {when = {text = "hello"}, returns = {translation = "hola"}},
+                        {when = {text = "goodbye"}, returns = {translation = "adiós"}}
+                    }
+                },
+
+                -- Agent mocks (specifies what tool calls to simulate)
+                my_agent = {
+                    tool_calls = {
+                        {tool = "search", args = {query = "test"}},
+                        {tool = "done", args = {reason = "completed"}}
+                    },
+                    message = "I found the results."
+                }
+            }
+
+        Args:
+            config: Lua table containing mock definitions
+        """
+        if config is None:
+            return
+
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+        # Register mock configurations with the builder
+        for name, mock_config in config_dict.items():
+            if not isinstance(mock_config, dict):
+                continue
+
+            # Tool mocks use explicit keys.
+            tool_mock_keys = {"returns", "temporal", "conditional", "error"}
+            if any(k in mock_config for k in tool_mock_keys):
+                # Convert DSL syntax to MockConfig format
+                processed_config = {}
+
+                # Static mocking with 'returns' key
+                if "returns" in mock_config:
+                    processed_config["output"] = mock_config["returns"]
+
+                # Temporal mocking
+                elif "temporal" in mock_config:
+                    processed_config["temporal"] = mock_config["temporal"]
+
+                # Conditional mocking
+                elif "conditional" in mock_config:
+                    # Convert DSL conditional format to MockManager format
+                    conditionals = []
+                    for cond in mock_config["conditional"]:
+                        if isinstance(cond, dict) and "when" in cond and "returns" in cond:
+                            conditionals.append({"when": cond["when"], "return": cond["returns"]})
+                    processed_config["conditional_mocks"] = conditionals
+
+                # Error simulation
+                elif "error" in mock_config:
+                    processed_config["error"] = mock_config["error"]
+
+                # Register the tool mock configuration
+                builder.register_mock(name, processed_config)
+                continue
+
+            # Agent mocks can be message-only, tool_calls-only, or both.
+            if any(k in mock_config for k in ("tool_calls", "message", "data")):
+                agent_config = {
+                    "tool_calls": mock_config.get("tool_calls", []),
+                    "message": mock_config.get("message", ""),
+                    "data": mock_config.get("data", {}),
+                    "usage": mock_config.get("usage", {}),
+                }
+                builder.register_agent_mock(name, agent_config)
+                continue
+
+            # Otherwise, ignore unknown mock config.
+            continue
+
+    def _history(messages=None):
+        """
+        Create a History for managing conversation messages.
+
+        History is used to track multi-turn conversations and can be
+        passed to Modules as an input field.
+
+        Returns an object with methods:
+        - add(message): Add a message to history
+        - get(): Get all messages
+        - clear(): Clear all messages
+
+        Example (Lua):
+            -- Create history
+            local history = History()
+
+            -- Add messages
+            history.add({ question = "What is 2+2?", answer = "4" })
+
+            -- Get messages
+            local messages = history.get()
+
+            -- Clear
+            history.clear()
+        """
+        from tactus.dspy import create_history
+
+        if messages is not None:
+            messages_list = lua_table_to_dict(messages)
+            return create_history(messages_list)
+        return create_history()
+
+    class TactusMessage:
+        """
+        First-class Message primitive for conversation history.
+
+        Represents a single message in a conversation with validated role and content.
+        """
+
+        VALID_ROLES = {"user", "assistant", "system"}
+
+        def __init__(self, role: str, content: str, **metadata):
+            if role not in self.VALID_ROLES:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Invalid role '{role}'. Must be one of: {', '.join(self.VALID_ROLES)}"
+                )
+            self.role = role
+            self.content = content
+            self.metadata = metadata
+
+        def to_dict(self):
+            """Convert to dict format for history/DSPy."""
+            result = {"role": self.role, "content": self.content}
+            if self.metadata:
+                result.update(self.metadata)
+            return result
+
+        def __repr__(self):
+            content_preview = self.content[:50] + "..." if len(self.content) > 50 else self.content
+            return f"Message(role='{self.role}', content='{content_preview}')"
+
+    def _message(config):
+        """
+        Create a Message for use in conversation history.
+
+        Message is a first-class primitive representing a single message
+        in a multi-turn conversation. It validates role and provides
+        a clean API for building conversation history.
+
+        Valid roles: user, assistant, system
+
+        Example (Lua):
+            -- Create messages
+            msg = Message {role = "user", content = "Hello"}
+            msg = Message {role = "assistant", content = "Hi there!"}
+            msg = Message {role = "system", content = "You are helpful"}
+
+            -- Add to history
+            history.add(msg)
+
+        Args:
+            config: Table with 'role' and 'content' fields
+
+        Returns:
+            TactusMessage instance
+        """
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+        role = config_dict.get("role")
+        content = config_dict.get("content")
+
+        if not role:
+            raise ValueError("Message requires 'role' field")
+        if not content:
+            raise ValueError("Message requires 'content' field")
+
+        # Extract any additional metadata
+        metadata = {k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k not in ("role", "content")}
+
+        return TactusMessage(role, content, **metadata)
+
+    def _module(module_name: str, config=None):
+        """
+        Create a DSPy Module with a given strategy.
+
+        Supports curried syntax: Module "name" { signature = "...", strategy = "predict" }
+
+        Strategies:
+        - "predict": Direct prediction using dspy.Predict
+        - "chain_of_thought": Reasoning with dspy.ChainOfThought
+
+        Args:
+            module_name: Name for this module (used for tracking)
+            config: Optional config dict (for old syntax)
+
+        Returns:
+            A callable TactusModule instance
+
+        Example (Lua):
+            -- Create a module
+            local qa = Module "qa" {
+                signature = "question -> answer",
+                strategy = "predict"
+            }
+
+            -- Call the module
+            local result = qa({ question = "What is 2+2?" })
+            -- result.answer == "4"
+        """
+        from tactus.dspy import create_module
+
+        # Check if this is old-style 2-argument call
+        if config is not None:
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+            return create_module(
+                module_name, config_dict, registry=builder.registry, mock_manager=mock_manager
+            )
+
+        # New curried syntax - return a function that accepts config
+        def accept_config(cfg):
+            """Accept config and create module."""
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(cfg)
+            return create_module(
+                module_name, config_dict, registry=builder.registry, mock_manager=mock_manager
+            )
+
+        return accept_config
+
+    def _get_current_lm():
+        """
+        Get the currently configured Language Model.
+
+        Returns:
+            The current LM instance or None if not configured
+        """
+        from tactus.dspy import get_current_lm
+
+        return get_current_lm()
+
+    def _dspy_agent(config=None):
+        """
+        Create a DSPy Agent.
+
+        Supports curried syntax: DSPyAgent { system_prompt = "...", ... }
+
+        Args:
+            config: Optional config dict
+
+        Returns:
+            A DSPyAgentHandle instance
+
+        Example (Lua):
+            local agent = DSPyAgent {
+                system_prompt = "You are a helpful assistant"
+            }
+
+            -- Use the agent
+            local result = agent:turn({ input = "Hello" })
+        """
+        from tactus.dspy import create_dspy_agent
+
+        # If config provided directly, create agent
+        if config is not None:
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+            # Generate a unique name if not provided
+            agent_name = config_dict.pop("name", "dspy_agent")
+            return create_dspy_agent(
+                agent_name, config_dict, registry=builder.registry, mock_manager=mock_manager
+            )
+
+        # Curried form - return function that accepts config
+        def accept_config(cfg):
+            """Accept config and create DSPy agent."""
+            config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(cfg)
+            agent_name = config_dict.pop("name", "dspy_agent")
+            return create_dspy_agent(
+                agent_name, config_dict, registry=builder.registry, mock_manager=mock_manager
+            )
+
+        return accept_config
+
+    # ========================================================================
+    # NEW SYNTAX SUPPORT - Phase B
+    # ========================================================================
+
+    # Create MCP namespace for accessing MCP server tools
+    class McpServerNamespace:
+        """Namespace for a specific MCP server's tools."""
+
+        def __init__(self, server_name: str):
+            self.server_name = server_name
+
+        def __getattr__(self, tool_name: str):
+            """Dynamically create tool handles for MCP tools."""
+            from tactus.primitives.tool_handle import ToolHandle
+
+            full_name = f"mcp.{self.server_name}.{tool_name}"
+
+            # Return existing handle if already created
+            if full_name in _tool_registry:
+                return _tool_registry[full_name]
+
+            # Create a placeholder handler - will be replaced by runtime
+            def mcp_placeholder_handler(args):
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"MCP tool '{full_name}' not connected. "
+                    f"Configure MCP server '{self.server_name}' in runtime."
+                )
+
+            # Register the tool with MCP source info
+            config = {
+                "description": f"MCP tool from {self.server_name}",
+                "source": full_name,
+                "mcp_server": self.server_name,
+                "mcp_tool": tool_name,
+            }
+            builder.register_tool(full_name, config, mcp_placeholder_handler)
+
+            # Create and register handle
+            handle = ToolHandle(full_name, mcp_placeholder_handler, tool_primitive)
+            _tool_registry[full_name] = handle
+            return handle
+
+    class McpNamespace:
+        """
+        Namespace for MCP server tools.
+
+        Supports syntax like:
+            read_file = mcp.filesystem.read_file
+            search = mcp.brave_search.search
+
+        The tool handle is created as a placeholder that will be
+        connected to the actual MCP server at runtime.
+        """
+
+        def __getattr__(self, server_name: str):
+            """Return a server namespace for the given MCP server."""
+            return McpServerNamespace(server_name)
+
+    _mcp_namespace = McpNamespace()
+
+    def _process_tool_config(tool_name, config):
+        """
+        Process tool configuration for both curried and direct syntax.
+
+        Args:
+            tool_name: Name of the tool
+            config: Configuration table
+
+        Returns:
+            ToolHandle
+        """
+        from tactus.primitives.tool_handle import ToolHandle
+
+        # Extract function from config
+        handler_fn = None
+        if hasattr(config, "__getitem__"):
+            for i in range(1, 10):
+                try:
+                    item = config[i]
+                    if callable(item):
+                        handler_fn = item
+                        config[i] = None
+                        break
+                except (KeyError, TypeError, IndexError):
+                    break
+
+        # Convert to dict
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+        # Clean up None values from function extraction
+        if isinstance(config_dict, list):
+            config_dict = [x for x in config_dict if x is not None]
+            if len(config_dict) == 0:
+                config_dict = {}
+
+        # Normalize empty schemas (lua {} -> python []) so tools treat empty schemas
+        # as empty objects, not arrays.
+        if isinstance(config_dict, dict):
+            config_dict["input"] = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("input", {}))
+            config_dict["output"] = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("output", {}))
+
+        # Check for legacy handler field
+        if handler_fn is None and isinstance(config_dict, dict):
+            handler_fn = config_dict.pop("handler", None)
+
+        # Tool sources: allow `use = "..."` (or legacy/internal `source = "..."`) in lieu of a handler.
+        source = None
+        if isinstance(config_dict, dict):
+            source = config_dict.pop("use", None)
+            if source is not None:
+                if "source" in config_dict:
+                    raise TypeError(f"Tool '{tool_name}' cannot specify both 'use' and 'source'")
+                config_dict["source"] = source
+            else:
+                source = config_dict.get("source")
+
+        if handler_fn is not None and isinstance(source, str) and source.strip():
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Tool '{tool_name}' cannot specify both a function and 'use = \"...\"'"
+            )
+
+        is_source_tool = handler_fn is None and isinstance(source, str) and bool(source.strip())
+
+        if handler_fn is None and not is_source_tool:
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"Tool '{tool_name}' requires either a function or 'use = \"...\"'. "
+                'Example: my_tool = Tool { use = "broker.host.ping" }'
+            )
+
+        if is_source_tool:
+            source_str = source.strip()
+
+            def source_tool_handler(args):
+                import asyncio
+                import threading
+
+                # Resolve at call time so runtime toolsets are available.
+                if tool_primitive is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Tool '{tool_name}' is not available (tool primitive missing)"
+                    )
+
+                runtime = getattr(tool_primitive, "_runtime", None)
+                if runtime is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Tool '{tool_name}' is not available (runtime not connected)"
+                    )
+
+                toolset = runtime.toolset_registry.get(tool_name)
+                if toolset is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Tool '{tool_name}' not resolved from source '{source_str}'"
+                    )
+
+                tool_fn = tool_primitive._extract_tool_function(toolset, tool_name)
+
+                # Support both tool_fn(**kwargs) and tool_fn(args_dict) styles.
+                # Prefer kwargs (pydantic-ai Tool functions) then fall back to dict.
+                if hasattr(args, "items"):
+                    args_dict = lua_table_to_dict(args)
+                else:
+                    args_dict = args or {}
+                if not isinstance(args_dict, dict):
+                    raise TypeError(f"Tool '{tool_name}' args must be an object/table")
+
+                if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(tool_fn):
+
+                    def _run_coro(coro):
+                        try:
+                            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+                        except RuntimeError:
+                            return asyncio.run(coro)
+
+                        result_container = {"value": None, "exception": None}
+
+                        def run_in_thread():
+                            try:
+                                result_container["value"] = asyncio.run(coro)
+                            except Exception as e:
+                                result_container["exception"] = e
+
+                        thread = threading.Thread(target=run_in_thread)
+                        thread.start()
+                        thread.join()
+
+                        if result_container["exception"] is not None:
+                            raise result_container["exception"]
+                        return result_container["value"]
+
+                    try:
+                        return _run_coro(tool_fn(**args_dict))
+                    except TypeError:
+                        return _run_coro(tool_fn(args_dict))
+
+                try:
+                    return tool_fn(**args_dict)
+                except TypeError:
+                    return tool_fn(args_dict)
+
+            handler_fn = source_tool_handler
+
+        # Register tool with provided name
+        builder.register_tool(tool_name, config_dict, handler_fn)
+        handle = ToolHandle(
+            tool_name,
+            handler_fn,
+            tool_primitive,
+            record_calls=not is_source_tool,
+        )
+
+        # Store in registry
+        _tool_registry[tool_name] = handle
+
+        return handle
+
+    def _new_tool(name_or_config=None):
+        """
+        New Tool factory for assignment-based syntax.
+
+        Syntax:
+            multiply = Tool {
+                description = "Multiply two numbers",
+                input = {
+                    a = field.number{required = true},
+                    b = field.number{required = true}
+                },
+                function(args)
+                    return args.a * args.b
+                end
+            }
+
+        The name is captured via assignment interception.
+
+        Args:
+            name_or_config: Configuration table
+
+        Returns:
+            ToolHandle that will be assigned to a variable (or returned directly)
+        """
+        from tactus.primitives.tool_handle import ToolHandle
+
+        if isinstance(name_or_config, str):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Curried Tool syntax is not supported. Use assignment syntax: my_tool = Tool { ... }, "
+                'or provide an explicit name in the config: Tool { name = "my_tool", ... }.'
+            )
+
+        # Handle direct config syntax: multiply = Tool { ... }
+        config = name_or_config
+        if config is None:
+            raise TypeError("Tool requires a configuration table")
+
+        # Extract function from config
+        handler_fn = None
+        if hasattr(config, "__getitem__"):
+            for i in range(1, 10):
+                try:
+                    item = config[i]
+                    if callable(item):
+                        handler_fn = item
+                        config[i] = None
+                        break
+                except (KeyError, TypeError, IndexError):
+                    break
+
+        # Convert to dict
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+        # Clean up None values from function extraction
+        if isinstance(config_dict, list):
+            config_dict = [x for x in config_dict if x is not None]
+            if len(config_dict) == 0:
+                config_dict = {}
+
+        # Normalize empty schemas (lua {} -> python []) so tools treat empty schemas
+        # as empty objects, not arrays.
+        if isinstance(config_dict, dict):
+            config_dict["input"] = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("input", {}))
+            config_dict["output"] = _normalize_schema(config_dict.get("output", {}))
+
+        # Check for legacy handler field
+        if handler_fn is None and isinstance(config_dict, dict):
+            handler_fn = config_dict.pop("handler", None)
+
+        # Tool sources: allow `use = "..."` (or legacy/internal `source = "..."`) in lieu of a handler.
+        source = None
+        if isinstance(config_dict, dict):
+            source = config_dict.pop("use", None)
+            if source is not None:
+                if "source" in config_dict:
+                    raise TypeError("Tool cannot specify both 'use' and 'source'")
+                config_dict["source"] = source
+            else:
+                source = config_dict.get("source")
+
+        if handler_fn is not None and isinstance(source, str) and source.strip():
+            raise TypeError("Tool cannot specify both a function and 'use = \"...\"'")
+
+        is_source_tool = handler_fn is None and isinstance(source, str) and bool(source.strip())
+
+        if handler_fn is None and not is_source_tool:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "Tool requires either a function or 'use = \"...\"'. "
+                'Example: my_tool = Tool { use = "broker.host.ping" }'
+            )
+
+        # Optional explicit tool name (primarily for `return Tool { ... }` cases).
+        explicit_name = None
+        if isinstance(config_dict, dict):
+            explicit_name = config_dict.pop("name", None)
+            if explicit_name is not None and not isinstance(explicit_name, str):
+                raise TypeError("Tool 'name' must be a string")
+            if isinstance(explicit_name, str) and not explicit_name.strip():
+                raise TypeError("Tool 'name' cannot be empty")
+
+        # Generate a temporary name - will be replaced when assigned
+        import uuid
+
+        temp_name = (
+            explicit_name.strip()
+            if isinstance(explicit_name, str)
+            else f"_temp_tool_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+        )
+
+        if is_source_tool:
+            import asyncio
+            import threading
+
+            source_str = source.strip()
+            handle_ref = {"handle": None}
+
+            def source_tool_handler(args):
+                # Resolve at call time so runtime toolsets are available.
+                if tool_primitive is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Tool not available (tool primitive missing)")
+
+                runtime = getattr(tool_primitive, "_runtime", None)
+                if runtime is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError("Tool not available (runtime not connected)")
+
+                resolved_name = handle_ref["handle"].name if handle_ref["handle"] else temp_name
+                toolset = runtime.toolset_registry.get(resolved_name)
+                if toolset is None:
+                    raise RuntimeError(
+                        f"Tool '{resolved_name}' not resolved from source '{source_str}'"
+                    )
+
+                tool_fn = tool_primitive._extract_tool_function(toolset, resolved_name)
+
+                # Support both tool_fn(**kwargs) and tool_fn(args_dict) styles.
+                # Prefer kwargs (pydantic-ai Tool functions) then fall back to dict.
+                if hasattr(args, "items"):
+                    args_dict = lua_table_to_dict(args)
+                else:
+                    args_dict = args or {}
+                if not isinstance(args_dict, dict):
+                    raise TypeError("Tool args must be an object/table")
+
+                if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(tool_fn):
+
+                    def _run_coro(coro):
+                        try:
+                            asyncio.get_running_loop()
+                        except RuntimeError:
+                            return asyncio.run(coro)
+
+                        result_container = {"value": None, "exception": None}
+
+                        def run_in_thread():
+                            try:
+                                result_container["value"] = asyncio.run(coro)
+                            except Exception as e:
+                                result_container["exception"] = e
+
+                        thread = threading.Thread(target=run_in_thread)
+                        thread.start()
+                        thread.join()
+
+                        if result_container["exception"] is not None:
+                            raise result_container["exception"]
+                        return result_container["value"]
+
+                    try:
+                        return _run_coro(tool_fn(**args_dict))
+                    except TypeError:
+                        return _run_coro(tool_fn(args_dict))
+
+                try:
+                    return tool_fn(**args_dict)
+                except TypeError:
+                    return tool_fn(args_dict)
+
+            handler_fn = source_tool_handler
+
+        # Register tool
+        builder.register_tool(temp_name, config_dict, handler_fn)
+        handle = ToolHandle(
+            temp_name,
+            handler_fn,
+            tool_primitive,
+            record_calls=not is_source_tool,
+        )
+
+        # Store in registry with temp name
+        _tool_registry[temp_name] = handle
+
+        if is_source_tool:
+            handle_ref["handle"] = handle
+
+        return handle
+
+    def _process_agent_config(agent_name, config):
+        """
+        Process agent configuration for both curried and direct syntax.
+
+        Args:
+            agent_name: Name of the agent
+            config: Configuration table
+
+        Returns:
+            AgentHandle
+        """
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+        # No alias support: toolsets -> tools is not supported.
+        if "toolsets" in config_dict:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Agent '{agent_name}': 'toolsets' is not supported. Use 'tools' for tool/toolset references."
+            )
+
+        # inline_tools: inline tool definitions only (list of dicts with "handler")
+        if "inline_tools" in config_dict:
+            inline_tools = config_dict["inline_tools"]
+            if isinstance(inline_tools, (list, tuple)):
+                non_dict_items = [t for t in inline_tools if not isinstance(t, dict)]
+                if non_dict_items:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"Agent '{agent_name}': 'inline_tools' must be a list of inline tool definitions."
+                    )
+            elif inline_tools is not None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Agent '{agent_name}': 'inline_tools' must be a list of inline tool definitions."
+                )
+
+        # tools: tool/toolset references and toolset expressions (filter dicts)
+        if "tools" in config_dict:
+            tools = config_dict["tools"]
+            if isinstance(tools, (list, tuple)):
+                normalized = []
+                for t in tools:
+                    if isinstance(t, dict):
+                        if "handler" in t:
+                            raise ValueError(
+                                f"Agent '{agent_name}': inline tool definitions must be in 'inline_tools', not 'tools'."
+                            )
+                        normalized.append(t)
+                        continue
+                    if hasattr(t, "name"):  # ToolHandle or ToolsetHandle
+                        normalized.append(t.name)
+                    else:
+                        normalized.append(t)
+                config_dict["tools"] = normalized
+
+        # Extract input schema if present
+        input_schema = None
+        if "input" in config_dict:
+            input_config = config_dict["input"]
+            if isinstance(input_config, dict):
+                input_schema = input_config
+                config_dict["input_schema"] = input_schema
+                del config_dict["input"]
+
+        # Extract output schema if present
+        output_schema = None
+        if "output" in config_dict:
+            output_config = config_dict["output"]
+            if isinstance(output_config, dict):
+                output_schema = output_config
+                config_dict["output_schema"] = output_schema
+                del config_dict["output"]
+
+        # No compatibility aliases: session -> message_history is not supported.
+        if "session" in config_dict:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Agent '{agent_name}': 'session' is not supported. Use 'message_history'."
+            )
+
+        # Register agent with provided name
+        builder.register_agent(agent_name, config_dict, output_schema)
+
+        # Create handle
+        handle = AgentHandle(agent_name)
+
+        # If we have runtime context, create the agent primitive immediately
+        import logging
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            f"[AGENT_CREATION] Agent '{agent_name}': runtime_context={bool(_runtime_context)}, has_log_handler={('log_handler' in _runtime_context) if _runtime_context else False}"
+        )
+
+        if _runtime_context:
+            from tactus.dspy.agent import create_dspy_agent
+
+            logger.debug(f"[AGENT_CREATION] Attempting immediate creation for agent '{agent_name}'")
+
+            try:
+                # Create the actual agent primitive NOW
+                # Note: builder.register_agent adds 'name' to config_dict, but create_dspy_agent
+                # expects name as a separate parameter. We need to pass config without 'name'.
+                agent_config = {k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k != "name"}
+
+                # Agent DSL uses `tools` for tool/toolset references; the DSPy agent config uses
+                # `toolsets` for the resolved toolsets list.
+                if "tools" in agent_config and "toolsets" not in agent_config:
+                    agent_config["toolsets"] = agent_config["tools"]
+                    del agent_config["tools"]
+
+                # Pre-process model format: combine provider and model into "provider:model"
+                # This matches what _setup_agents does
+                if "provider" in agent_config and "model" in agent_config:
+                    provider = agent_config["provider"]
+                    model_id = agent_config["model"]
+                    agent_config["model"] = f"{provider}:{model_id}"
+
+                # Add log_handler from runtime context
+                if "log_handler" in _runtime_context:
+                    agent_config["log_handler"] = _runtime_context["log_handler"]
+
+                agent_primitive = create_dspy_agent(
+                    agent_name,
+                    agent_config,
+                    registry=builder.registry,
+                    mock_manager=_runtime_context.get("mock_manager"),
+                )
+
+                # Set tool_primitive for mock tool call recording
+                tool_primitive = _runtime_context.get("tool_primitive")
+                if tool_primitive:
+                    agent_primitive._tool_primitive = tool_primitive
+
+                # Connect handle to primitive immediately
+                handle._set_primitive(
+                    agent_primitive, execution_context=_runtime_context.get("execution_context")
+                )
+                logger.debug(
+                    f"[AGENT_CREATION] Agent '{agent_name}' created immediately during declaration, has_log_handler={hasattr(agent_primitive, 'log_handler') and agent_primitive.log_handler is not None}"
+                )
+
+                # Store primitive in a dict so runtime can access it later
+                if "_created_agents" not in _runtime_context:
+                    _runtime_context["_created_agents"] = {}
+                _runtime_context["_created_agents"][agent_name] = agent_primitive
+                logger.debug(
+                    f"[AGENT_CREATION] Stored agent '{agent_name}' in _created_agents dict"
+                )
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                logger.error(
+                    f"[AGENT_CREATION] Failed to create agent '{agent_name}' immediately: {e}",
+                    exc_info=True,
+                )
+                # Fall back to two-phase initialization if immediate creation fails
+
+        # Register handle for lookup
+        _agent_registry[agent_name] = handle
+
+        return handle
+
+    def _new_agent(name_or_config=None):
+        """
+        New Agent factory for assignment-based and curried syntax.
+
+        Supports both:
+        1. Assignment syntax: greeter = Agent { ... }
+        2. Curried syntax: Agent "calculator" { ... }
+
+        New syntax:
+            greeter = Agent {
+                provider = "openai",
+                system_prompt = "...",
+                tools = {done, multiply},
+            }
+
+        The name is captured via assignment interception.
+
+        Args:
+            name_or_config: Either a string name (curried) or configuration table
+
+        Returns:
+            AgentHandle that will be assigned to variable, or curried function
+        """
+        # Handle string argument: either curried declaration or lookup
+        if isinstance(name_or_config, str):
+            agent_name = name_or_config
+            # Check if agent already exists - if so, it's a lookup
+            if agent_name in _agent_registry:
+                return _agent_registry[agent_name]
+
+            # Otherwise, return curried function for declaration
+            def accept_config(config):
+                return _process_agent_config(agent_name, config)
+
+            return accept_config
+
+        # Handle direct config syntax: greeter = Agent { ... }
+        config = name_or_config
+        if config is None:
+            raise TypeError("Agent requires a configuration table")
+
+        config_dict = lua_table_to_dict(config)
+
+        # No alias support: toolsets -> tools is not supported.
+        if "toolsets" in config_dict:
+            raise ValueError("Agent: 'toolsets' is not supported. Use 'tools'.")
+
+        # inline_tools: inline tool definitions only (list of dicts with "handler")
+        if "inline_tools" in config_dict:
+            inline_tools = config_dict["inline_tools"]
+            if isinstance(inline_tools, (list, tuple)):
+                non_dict_items = [t for t in inline_tools if not isinstance(t, dict)]
+                if non_dict_items:
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Agent: 'inline_tools' must be a list of inline tool definitions."
+                    )
+            elif inline_tools is not None:
+                raise ValueError("Agent: 'inline_tools' must be a list of inline tool definitions.")
+
+        # tools: tool/toolset references and toolset expressions (filter dicts)
+        if "tools" in config_dict:
+            tools = config_dict["tools"]
+            if isinstance(tools, (list, tuple)):
+                normalized = []
+                for t in tools:
+                    if isinstance(t, dict):
+                        if "handler" in t:
+                            raise ValueError(
+                                "Agent: inline tool definitions must be in 'inline_tools', not 'tools'."
+                            )
+                        normalized.append(t)
+                        continue
+                    if hasattr(t, "name"):  # ToolHandle or ToolsetHandle
+                        normalized.append(t.name)
+                    else:
+                        normalized.append(t)
+                config_dict["tools"] = normalized
+
+        # Extract input schema if present
+        input_schema = None
+        if "input" in config_dict:
+            input_config = config_dict["input"]
+            if isinstance(input_config, dict):
+                input_schema = input_config
+                config_dict["input_schema"] = input_schema
+                del config_dict["input"]
+
+        # Extract output schema if present
+        output_schema = None
+        if "output" in config_dict:
+            output_config = config_dict["output"]
+            if isinstance(output_config, dict):
+                output_schema = output_config
+                config_dict["output_schema"] = output_schema
+                del config_dict["output"]
+
+        # No compatibility aliases: session -> message_history is not supported.
+        if "session" in config_dict:
+            raise ValueError("Agent: 'session' is not supported. Use 'message_history'.")
+
+        # Generate a temporary name - will be replaced when assigned
+        import uuid
+
+        temp_name = f"_temp_agent_{uuid.uuid4().hex[:8]}"
+
+        # Register agent
+        builder.register_agent(temp_name, config_dict, output_schema)
+
+        # Create handle
+        handle = AgentHandle(temp_name)
+
+        # If we have runtime context, create the agent primitive immediately
+        import logging
+
+        logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            f"[AGENT_CREATION] Agent '{temp_name}': runtime_context={bool(_runtime_context)}, has_log_handler={('log_handler' in _runtime_context) if _runtime_context else False}"
+        )
+
+        if _runtime_context:
+            from tactus.dspy.agent import create_dspy_agent
+
+            logger.debug(f"[AGENT_CREATION] Attempting immediate creation for agent '{temp_name}'")
+
+            try:
+                # Create the actual agent primitive NOW
+                # Note: builder.register_agent adds 'name' to config_dict, but create_dspy_agent
+                # expects name as a separate parameter. We need to pass config without 'name'.
+                agent_config = {k: v for k, v in config_dict.items() if k != "name"}
+
+                # Pre-process model format: combine provider and model into "provider:model"
+                # This matches what _setup_agents does
+                if "provider" in agent_config and "model" in agent_config:
+                    provider = agent_config["provider"]
+                    model_id = agent_config["model"]
+                    agent_config["model"] = f"{provider}:{model_id}"
+
+                # Add log_handler from runtime context
+                if "log_handler" in _runtime_context:
+                    agent_config["log_handler"] = _runtime_context["log_handler"]
+
+                logger.debug(
+                    f"[AGENT_CREATION] Creating agent immediately: name={temp_name}, has_log_handler={'log_handler' in agent_config}"
+                )
+                agent_primitive = create_dspy_agent(
+                    temp_name,
+                    agent_config,
+                    registry=builder.registry,
+                    mock_manager=_runtime_context.get("mock_manager"),
+                )
+
+                # Set tool_primitive for mock tool call recording
+                tool_primitive = _runtime_context.get("tool_primitive")
+                if tool_primitive:
+                    agent_primitive._tool_primitive = tool_primitive
+
+                # Connect handle to primitive immediately
+                handle._set_primitive(
+                    agent_primitive, execution_context=_runtime_context.get("execution_context")
+                )
+                logger.debug(
+                    f"[AGENT_CREATION] Agent '{temp_name}' created immediately during declaration, has_log_handler={hasattr(agent_primitive, 'log_handler') and agent_primitive.log_handler is not None}"
+                )
+
+                # Store primitive in a dict so runtime can access it later
+                if "_created_agents" not in _runtime_context:
+                    _runtime_context["_created_agents"] = {}
+                _runtime_context["_created_agents"][temp_name] = agent_primitive
+                logger.debug(f"[AGENT_CREATION] Stored agent '{temp_name}' in _created_agents dict")
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                import traceback
+
+                logger.error(
+                    f"[AGENT_CREATION] Failed to create agent '{temp_name}' immediately: {e}",
+                    exc_info=True,
+                )
+                logger.debug(f"Full traceback: {traceback.format_exc()}")
+                # Fall back to two-phase initialization if immediate creation fails
+
+        # Register handle for lookup
+        _agent_registry[temp_name] = handle
+
+        return handle
+
+    return {
+        # NEW SYNTAX (Phase B+)
+        # Note: stdlib tools are accessed via require("tactus.tools.done") etc.
+        "mcp": _mcp_namespace,  # Namespace: mcp.filesystem.read_file
+        # Core declarations (CamelCase - for definitions AND lookups)
+        "Agent": _new_agent,  # NEW syntax - assignment based
+        "Model": HybridModel(_model, _Model),
+        "Procedure": _procedure,
+        "Prompt": _prompt,
+        "Toolset": _toolset,
+        "Tool": _new_tool,  # NEW syntax - assignment based
+        "Hitl": _hitl,
+        "Specification": _specification,
+        # BDD Testing
+        "Specifications": _specifications,
+        "Step": _step,
+        "Evaluation": _evaluation,
+        # Pydantic Evals Integration
+        "Evaluations": _evaluations,
+        # Mocking
+        "Mocks": _mocks,
+        # DSPy Integration
+        "LM": _lm,
+        "get_current_lm": _get_current_lm,
+        "Signature": _signature,
+        "Module": _module,
+        "History": _history,
+        "Message": _message,
+        "DSPyAgent": _dspy_agent,
+        # Script mode (top-level declarations)
+        "input": _input,
+        "output": _output,
+        # Settings
+        "default_provider": _default_provider,
+        "default_model": _default_model,
+        "return_prompt": _return_prompt,
+        "error_prompt": _error_prompt,
+        "status_prompt": _status_prompt,
+        "async": _async,
+        "max_depth": _max_depth,
+        "max_turns": _max_turns,
+        # Built-in filters (exposed as a table)
+        "filters": {
+            "last_n": _last_n,
+            "token_budget": _token_budget,
+            "by_role": _by_role,
+            "compose": _compose,
+        },
+        # Built-in matchers
+        "contains": _contains,
+        "equals": _equals,
+        "matches": _matches,
+        # New field builder pattern
+        "field": field,
+        # Note: Old type functions (string, number, etc.) removed to avoid
+        # shadowing Lua built-ins. Use field.string{}, field.number{}, etc.
+        # Registries (for runtime to enhance handles)
+        "_registries": {
+            "agent": _agent_registry,
+            "tool": _tool_registry,
+            "model": _model_registry,
+        },
+        # Assignment interception callback
+        "_tactus_register_binding": _make_binding_callback(
+            builder, _tool_registry, _agent_registry, _runtime_context
+        ),
+    }
+
+
+def _make_binding_callback(
+    builder: RegistryBuilder, tool_registry: dict, agent_registry: dict, runtime_context: dict
+):
+    """
+    Factory to create the binding callback with closure over builder/registries/runtime_context.
+
+    This callback is called by Lua's __newindex metatable when assignments happen.
+    """
+    import logging
+    from tactus.primitives.tool_handle import ToolHandle
+
+    callback_logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+    def _tactus_register_binding(name: str, value: Any) -> None:
+        """
+        Callback for assignment interception in new syntax.
+
+        Called by Lua's __newindex metatable when assignments like:
+            multiply = Tool {...}
+            greeter = Agent {...}
+
+        For handles with temp names, this renames them to the assigned name
+        and re-registers them in the appropriate registry.
+
+        Args:
+            name: Variable name being assigned
+            value: Value being assigned
+        """
+        # Check if this is a ToolHandle with a temp name
+        if isinstance(value, ToolHandle):
+            old_name = value.name
+            if old_name.startswith("_temp_tool_"):
+                # Rename the tool
+                callback_logger.debug(f"Renaming tool '{old_name}' to '{name}'")
+                value.name = name
+
+                # Remove old registry entry, add new one
+                if old_name in tool_registry:
+                    del tool_registry[old_name]
+                tool_registry[name] = value
+
+                # Re-register in builder with correct name
+                # Tools are stored in builder.registry.lua_tools
+                if hasattr(builder, "registry") and old_name in builder.registry.lua_tools:
+                    tool_data = builder.registry.lua_tools.pop(old_name)
+                    builder.registry.lua_tools[name] = tool_data
+                    callback_logger.debug(
+                        f"Re-registered tool '{name}' in builder.registry.lua_tools"
+                    )
+            elif old_name != name:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"Tool name mismatch: assigned to '{name}' but tool is named '{old_name}'. "
+                    "Remove the Tool config 'name' field or make it match the assigned variable."
+                )
+
+        # Check if this is an AgentHandle with a temp name
+        if isinstance(value, AgentHandle):
+            old_name = value.name
+            if old_name.startswith("_temp_agent_"):
+                # Rename the agent handle
+                callback_logger.debug(f"[AGENT_RENAME] Renaming agent '{old_name}' to '{name}'")
+                value.name = name
+
+                # Also rename the underlying primitive if it exists
+                if value._primitive is not None:
+                    value._primitive.name = name
+                    callback_logger.debug(
+                        f"[AGENT_RENAME] Updated primitive name: '{old_name}' -> '{name}'"
+                    )
+
+                # Remove old registry entry, add new one
+                if old_name in agent_registry:
+                    del agent_registry[old_name]
+                agent_registry[name] = value
+
+                # Re-register in builder with correct name
+                # Agents are stored in builder.registry.agents
+                if hasattr(builder, "registry") and old_name in builder.registry.agents:
+                    agent_data = builder.registry.agents.pop(old_name)
+                    builder.registry.agents[name] = agent_data
+                    callback_logger.debug(
+                        f"[AGENT_RENAME] Re-registered agent '{name}' in builder.registry.agents"
+                    )
+
+                # Update _created_agents dict if this agent was immediately created
+                if runtime_context and "_created_agents" in runtime_context:
+                    if old_name in runtime_context["_created_agents"]:
+                        agent_primitive = runtime_context["_created_agents"].pop(old_name)
+                        runtime_context["_created_agents"][name] = agent_primitive
+                        callback_logger.debug(
+                            f"[AGENT_RENAME] Updated _created_agents dict: '{old_name}' -> '{name}'"
+                        )
+
+        # Log all assignments for debugging (only at trace level to avoid noise)
+        callback_logger.debug(f"Assignment captured: {name} = {type(value).__name__}")
+
+    return _tactus_register_binding