synth-ai 0.2.9.dev11__py3-none-any.whl → 0.4.1__py3-none-any.whl

synth_ai/sdk/api/train/cli.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2188 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import importlib
+import json
+import os
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Any, NoReturn, cast
+
+import click
+
+from synth_ai.cli.lib.env import get_synth_and_env_keys, mask_str
+from synth_ai.cli.lib.train_cfgs import find_train_cfgs_in_cwd, validate_train_cfg
+from synth_ai.core.paths import print_paths_formatted
+
+try:
+    _config_module = cast(
+        Any, importlib.import_module("synth_ai.core.env")
+    )
+    get_backend_from_env = cast(Callable[[], str], _config_module.get_backend_from_env)
+except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - critical dependency
+    raise RuntimeError("Unable to load backend configuration helpers") from exc
+
+from synth_ai.cli.lib.env import load_env_file
+from synth_ai.cli.lib.errors import format_error_message, get_required_value
+from synth_ai.core.telemetry import flush_logger, log_error, log_info
+from synth_ai.sdk.streaming import (
+    GraphGenHandler,
+    CLIHandler,
+    JobStreamer,
+    LossCurveHandler,
+    PromptLearningHandler,
+    StreamConfig,
+    StreamEndpoints,
+    StreamType,
+)
+
+from .builders import build_prompt_learning_payload, build_rl_payload, build_sft_payload
+from .task_app import check_task_app_health
+from .graphgen import GraphGenJob
+from .graphgen_models import load_graphgen_taskset
+from .context_learning import ContextLearningJob
+from .utils import (
+    TrainError,
+    ensure_api_base,
+    http_get,
+    http_post,
+    limit_jsonl_examples,
+    mask_value,
+    post_multipart,
+    preview_json,
+    sleep,
+    validate_sft_jsonl,
+)
+
+# Constants for prompt learning event types
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_BEST_PROMPT = "prompt.learning.best.prompt"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_FINAL_RESULTS = "prompt.learning.final.results"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_VALIDATION_SCORED = "prompt.learning.validation.scored"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_GEPA_COMPLETE = "prompt.learning.gepa.complete"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_MIPRO_COMPLETE = "prompt.learning.mipro.complete"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_GEPA_NEW_BEST = "prompt.learning.gepa.new_best"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_PHASE_CHANGED = "prompt.learning.phase.changed"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_PROGRESS = "prompt.learning.progress"
+_PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_STREAM_CONNECTED = "prompt.learning.stream.connected"
+
+# Constants for formatting
+_MAX_TEXT_REPLACEMENTS_DISPLAY = 3  # Max number of text replacements to show in output
+_RESULTS_FILE_MAX_EVENTS = 10000  # Max events to fetch for results file generation
+
+
+def _format_text_replacements(obj: dict[str, Any] | None, max_display: int = _MAX_TEXT_REPLACEMENTS_DISPLAY) -> list[str]:
+    """Extract and format text replacements from a candidate object.
+    
+    Args:
+        obj: Candidate object dictionary containing text_replacements
+        max_display: Maximum number of replacements to display
+        
+    Returns:
+        List of formatted lines showing role and replacement text
+    """
+    lines = []
+    if not obj or not isinstance(obj, dict):
+        return lines
+    
+    text_replacements = obj.get("text_replacements", [])
+    if not text_replacements or not isinstance(text_replacements, list):
+        return lines
+    
+    for replacement in text_replacements[:max_display]:
+        if isinstance(replacement, dict):
+            new_text = replacement.get("new_text", "")
+            role = replacement.get("apply_to_role", "system")
+            if new_text:
+                lines.append(f"  [{role.upper()}]: {new_text}")
+                lines.append("")
+    
+    return lines
+
+
+def _default_backend() -> str:
+    """Resolve backend URL with proper production default.
+    
+    Priority order:
+    1. BACKEND_BASE_URL env var (highest priority) - checked FIRST before any .env loading
+    2. BACKEND_OVERRIDE env var
+    3. get_backend_from_env() standard resolution (which may use SYNTH_BASE_URL from .env)
+    
+    CRITICAL: This function MUST check BACKEND_BASE_URL directly from os.getenv() 
+    to ensure it's not overridden by .env file loading.
+    """
+    # Check explicit override first (BACKEND_BASE_URL takes absolute precedence)
+    # Read directly from os.environ to avoid any dotenv interference
+    explicit = os.environ.get("BACKEND_BASE_URL", "").strip()
+    if explicit:
+        # Return as-is, ensure_api_base() will normalize it
+        return explicit
+    
+    # Fallback to BACKEND_OVERRIDE (also read directly from environ)
+    override = os.environ.get("BACKEND_OVERRIDE", "").strip()
+    if override:
+        return override
+    
+    # Use standard resolution logic (may use SYNTH_BASE_URL from .env)
+    base, _ = get_backend_from_env()
+    return f"{base}/api" if not base.endswith("/api") else base
+
+
+_DEFAULT_SFT_HIDDEN_EVENTS = {
+    "sft.created",
+    "sft.pricing.check.requested",
+    "sft.pricing.check.allowed",
+    "sft.stage",
+    "snapshot.fetch",
+    "hatchet.preflight",
+    "hatchet.submission.attempt",
+    "hatchet.submission.result",
+    "sft.running",
+    "sft.status",
+    "sft.worker.alive",
+    "sft.dispatch.selected",
+    "sft.config.prepared",
+    "sft.strategy.selected",
+    "sft.training.args",
+}
+
+_DEFAULT_RL_HIDDEN_SUBSTRINGS = {"modal", "hatchet"}
+
+_DEFAULT_PROMPT_LEARNING_HIDDEN_EVENTS = {
+    "prompt.learning.policy.tokens",
+    "mipro.bootstrap.progress",  # Hide individual bootstrap seed scores
+    "mipro.tpe.rankings",  # Hide verbose TPE rankings
+    "mipro.tpe.selected",  # Hide TPE selection details
+    "mipro.tpe.update",  # Hide TPE density updates
+    "mipro.trial.duplicate",  # Hide duplicate trial messages
+    "mipro.trial.started",  # Hide individual trial start messages (too verbose with instructions)
+    "mipro.trial.minibatch",  # Hide minibatch completion (only show full eval)
+    "mipro.trial.complete",  # Hide individual trial completion
+    "mipro.iteration.skip_generation",  # Hide skip generation messages
+    "mipro.budget.update",  # Hide verbose budget updates (progress handler shows summary)
+    "mipro.instruction.proposed",  # Hide proposed instructions (shown in results/logs only)
+    "gepa.transformation.proposed",  # Hide proposed transformations (shown in results/logs only)
+    # Note: mipro.stage_proposer.called is shown so users know instruction generation is happening
+}
+
+
+def _load_toml_config(config_path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Load TOML config file."""
+    try:
+        import tomli  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
+    except ImportError:
+        # Fallback to tomllib for Python 3.11+
+        try:
+            import tomllib as tomli
+        except ImportError:
+            return {}
+    
+    try:
+        with open(config_path, "rb") as f:
+            return tomli.load(f)
+    except Exception:
+        return {}
+
+
+def parse_env_file_path_from_config(config_path: Path) -> str | None:
+    """Parse env_file_path from TOML config.
+    
+    Checks both [prompt_learning] and top-level sections.
+    """
+    config = _load_toml_config(config_path)
+    
+    # Check prompt_learning section first
+    pl_section = config.get("prompt_learning", {})
+    if isinstance(pl_section, dict):
+        env_file_path = pl_section.get("env_file_path")
+        if env_file_path:
+            return str(env_file_path)
+    
+    # Check top-level
+    env_file_path = config.get("env_file_path")
+    if env_file_path:
+        return str(env_file_path)
+    
+    return None
+
+
+def parse_results_folder(config_path: Path) -> Path:
+    """Parse results_folder from TOML config and validate it exists.
+    
+    Checks both [prompt_learning] and top-level sections.
+    Raises ClickException if missing or invalid.
+    """
+    config = _load_toml_config(config_path)
+    
+    # Check prompt_learning section first
+    pl_section = config.get("prompt_learning", {})
+    if isinstance(pl_section, dict):
+        results_folder = pl_section.get("results_folder")
+        if results_folder:
+            results_folder_str = str(results_folder).strip()
+            # Resolve relative to config file's directory if path is relative
+            if not Path(results_folder_str).is_absolute():
+                config_dir = config_path.parent.resolve()
+                results_path = (config_dir / results_folder_str).resolve()
+            else:
+                results_path = Path(results_folder_str).expanduser().resolve()
+            
+            # Validate that the folder exists or can be created
+            try:
+                results_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            except (OSError, PermissionError) as e:
+                raise click.ClickException(
+                    f"Could not create results folder: {results_path}\n"
+                    f"  Error: {e}\n"
+                    f"  Config: {config_path}\n"
+                    f"  TOML results_folder: {results_folder}"
+                ) from e
+            
+            return results_path
+    
+    # Check top-level section
+    results_folder = config.get("results_folder")
+    if results_folder:
+        results_folder_str = str(results_folder).strip()
+        # Resolve relative to config file's directory if path is relative
+        if not Path(results_folder_str).is_absolute():
+            config_dir = config_path.parent.resolve()
+            results_path = (config_dir / results_folder_str).resolve()
+        else:
+            results_path = Path(results_folder_str).expanduser().resolve()
+        
+        # Validate that the folder exists or can be created
+        try:
+            results_path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        except (OSError, PermissionError) as e:
+            raise click.ClickException(
+                f"Could not create results folder: {results_path}\n"
+                f"  Error: {e}\n"
+                f"  Config: {config_path}\n"
+                f"  TOML results_folder: {results_folder}"
+            ) from e
+        
+        return results_path
+    
+    # Missing - raise error
+    raise click.ClickException(
+        f"Missing required 'results_folder' field in TOML config: {config_path}\n"
+        f"  Please add 'results_folder = \"path/to/results\"' to [prompt_learning] section or top-level.\n"
+        f"  Paths can be relative (to config file directory) or absolute."
+    )
+
+
+def parse_display_config(config_path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Parse [display] section from TOML config."""
+    config = _load_toml_config(config_path)
+    display_section = config.get("display", {})
+    
+    # Also extract termination_config for max limits
+    termination_section = config.get("termination_config", {})
+    # Also check prompt_learning.termination_config
+    pl_section = config.get("prompt_learning", {})
+    if isinstance(pl_section, dict):
+        pl_termination = pl_section.get("termination_config", {})
+        if isinstance(pl_termination, dict):
+            # Merge with top-level termination_config (top-level takes precedence)
+            termination_section = {**pl_termination, **termination_section}
+    
+    return {
+        "local_backend": display_section.get("local_backend", False),
+        "tui": display_section.get("tui", False),
+        "show_curve": display_section.get("show_curve", True),
+        "verbose_summary": display_section.get("verbose_summary", True),
+        "show_trial_results": display_section.get("show_trial_results", True),
+        "show_transformations": display_section.get("show_transformations", False),
+        "show_validation": display_section.get("show_validation", True),
+        "max_tokens": termination_section.get("max_tokens"),
+        "max_time_seconds": termination_section.get("max_time_seconds"),
+        "max_rollouts": termination_section.get("max_rollouts"),
+    }
+
+
+def _build_stream_components(
+    stream_format: str,
+    *,
+    hidden_event_types: set[str] | None = None,
+    hidden_event_substrings: set[str] | None = None,
+) -> tuple[StreamConfig, list]:
+    """Return stream configuration and handlers for the requested format."""
+    if stream_format == "chart":
+        config = StreamConfig(
+            enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS},
+            event_types={
+                "sft.progress",
+                "sft.training.started",
+                "sft.training.finish",
+                "sft.validation.summary",
+                "rl.train.step",
+                "rl.train.started",
+                "rl.train.completed",
+                "workflow.completed",
+                "workflow.failed",
+            },
+            metric_names={"train.loss"},
+        )
+        handlers = [LossCurveHandler()]
+    else:
+        config = StreamConfig.default()
+        handlers = [
+            CLIHandler(
+                hidden_event_types=hidden_event_types or set(),
+                hidden_event_substrings=hidden_event_substrings or set(),
+            )
+        ]
+    return config, handlers
+
+
+def _validate_openai_key_if_provider_is_openai(cfg_path: Path) -> None:
+    """Validate that OPENAI_API_KEY is set if the provider is OpenAI.
+
+    For prompt learning jobs, checks if policy.provider is 'openai' and raises
+    a ClickException if OPENAI_API_KEY is not set in the environment.
+    """
+    cfg = _load_toml_config(cfg_path)
+
+    # Check prompt_learning section
+    pl_section = cfg.get("prompt_learning", {})
+    if not isinstance(pl_section, dict):
+        return
+
+    policy = pl_section.get("policy", {})
+    if not isinstance(policy, dict):
+        return
+
+    provider = policy.get("provider", "").lower()
+
+    if provider == "openai":
+        openai_key = os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY", "").strip()
+        if not openai_key:
+            raise click.ClickException(
+                "OPENAI_API_KEY is required when using provider='openai'.\n"
+                "Please set OPENAI_API_KEY in your .env file or environment."
+            )
+
+
+# Module-level logging to track import and registration
+import logging as _logging  # noqa: E402
+import sys  # noqa: E402
+
+_logger = _logging.getLogger(__name__)
+_logger.debug("[TRAIN_MODULE] Module synth_ai.sdk.api.train.cli imported")
+
+@click.command("train")
+@click.argument(
+    "cfg_path",
+    required=False,
+    type=click.Path(exists=True, path_type=Path)
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--env",
+    "env_file",
+    type=click.Path(exists=True, path_type=Path),
+    help=".env file(s) to preload (skips selection prompt)",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--task-url",
+    default=None,
+    help="Override task app base URL (RL only)"
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--dataset",
+    "dataset_path",
+    type=click.Path(),
+    default=None,
+    help="Override dataset JSONL path (SFT)",
+)
+@click.option("--model", default=None, help="Override model identifier")
+@click.option(
+    "--allow-experimental",
+    "allow_experimental",
+    is_flag=True,
+    flag_value=True,
+    default=None,
+    help="Allow experimental models (overrides SDK_EXPERIMENTAL env)",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--no-allow-experimental",
+    "allow_experimental",
+    is_flag=True,
+    flag_value=False,
+    help="Disallow experimental models (overrides SDK_EXPERIMENTAL env)",
+)
+@click.option("--idempotency", default=None, help="Idempotency-Key header for job creation")
+@click.option("--dry-run", is_flag=True, hidden=True, help="Deprecated: no-op")
+@click.option("--poll/--no-poll", default=True, help="Poll job status until terminal state")
+@click.option(
+    "--poll-timeout", default=3600.0, type=float, help="Maximum seconds to poll before timing out"
+)
+@click.option("--poll-interval", default=5.0, type=float, help="Seconds between poll attempts")
+@click.option(
+    "--stream-format",
+    type=click.Choice(["cli", "chart"]),
+    default="cli",
+    show_default=True,
+    help="Streaming output style (cli = line updates, chart = live loss panel)",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--examples",
+    "examples_limit",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Limit SFT training to the first N examples",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--backend",
+    "backend_override",
+    default=None,
+    help="Backend base URL (e.g., http://localhost:8000). Overrides BACKEND_BASE_URL env var.",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--local-backend",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=None,
+    help="Use local backend (localhost:8000). Overrides TOML [display].local_backend",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--tui",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=None,
+    help="Enable live TUI dashboard. Overrides TOML [display].tui",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--show-curve",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=None,
+    help="Show optimization curve at end. Overrides TOML [display].show_curve",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--verbose-summary",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=None,
+    help="Show detailed final summary. Overrides TOML [display].verbose_summary",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--type",
+    "train_type_override",
+    type=click.Choice(["prompt", "rl", "sft", "adas", "context_learning"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Explicitly set training type. Required for ADAS (uses JSON datasets).",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--rollout-budget",
+    "rollout_budget",
+    type=int,
+    default=None,
+    help="Rollout budget for ADAS optimization (default: 100)",
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--proposer-effort",
+    "proposer_effort",
+    type=click.Choice(["low", "medium", "high"]),
+    default=None,
+    help="Proposer effort level for ADAS (default: medium)",
+)
+def train_command(
+    cfg_path: Path | None,
+    env_file: Path | None,
+    task_url: str | None,
+    dataset_path: str | None,
+    model: str | None,
+    allow_experimental: bool | None,
+    idempotency: str | None,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    poll: bool,
+    poll_timeout: float,
+    poll_interval: float,
+    stream_format: str,
+    examples_limit: int | None,
+    backend_override: str | None,
+    local_backend: bool | None,
+    tui: bool | None,
+    show_curve: bool | None,
+    verbose_summary: bool | None,
+    train_type_override: str | None,
+    rollout_budget: int | None,
+    proposer_effort: str | None,
+) -> None:
+
+    """Interactive launcher for RL / SFT / Prompt Learning / ADAS / Context Learning jobs."""
+    import traceback
+
+    ctx: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "cfg_path": str(cfg_path) if cfg_path else None,
+        "poll": poll,
+        "poll_timeout": poll_timeout,
+        "poll_interval": poll_interval,
+        "stream_format": stream_format,
+        "backend_override": backend_override,
+    }
+    log_info("train_command invoked", ctx=ctx)
+
+    # Wrap entire function in try-except to catch ALL exceptions
+    try:
+        # Log entry point IMMEDIATELY - this should always appear
+        sys.stderr.write("[TRAIN_CMD] Starting train command\n")
+        sys.stderr.flush()
+        click.echo(f"[TRAIN_CMD] Args: cfg_path={cfg_path}, poll={poll}", err=True)
+        click.echo(f"[TRAIN_CMD] Python executable: {sys.executable}", err=True)
+        click.echo(f"[TRAIN_CMD] Working directory: {os.getcwd()}", err=True)
+        
+        try:
+            load_env_file()
+            click.echo("[TRAIN_CMD] Environment file loaded", err=True)
+        except Exception as e:
+            click.echo(f"[TRAIN_CMD] ERROR loading env file: {e}", err=True)
+            traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+            raise
+
+        # CRITICAL: Load explicit .env file BEFORE config validation to ensure BACKEND_BASE_URL is available
+        if env_file and Path(env_file).exists():
+            from dotenv import load_dotenv
+            # Load with override=True to ensure BACKEND_BASE_URL from .env takes precedence
+            load_dotenv(Path(env_file), override=True)
+            click.echo(f"[TRAIN_CMD] Loaded explicit .env: {env_file}", err=True)
+
+        # Handle ADAS specially - it uses JSON datasets, not TOML configs
+        if train_type_override == "adas":
+            # For ADAS, dataset_path is required and cfg_path is ignored
+            if not dataset_path:
+                raise click.ClickException(
+                    "ADAS requires --dataset flag with path to JSON dataset file.\n"
+                    "Usage: synth-ai train --type adas --dataset my_tasks.json"
+                )
+            train_type = "adas"
+            click.echo(f"[TRAIN_CMD] ADAS mode: using dataset {dataset_path}", err=True)
+        else:
+            # Non-ADAS: use TOML config
+            if not cfg_path:
+                available_cfgs = find_train_cfgs_in_cwd()
+                if len(available_cfgs) == 1:
+                    train_type, cfg_path_str, _ = available_cfgs[0]
+                    cfg_path = Path(cfg_path_str)
+                    print(f"Automatically selected {train_type} training config at", cfg_path)
+                else:
+                    if len(available_cfgs) == 0:
+                        print("No training config found in cwd.")
+                        print("Validate your training config: synth-ai train-cfg check [CFG_PATH]")
+                    else:
+                        print("Multiple training configs found. Please specify which one to use:")
+                        print_paths_formatted(available_cfgs)
+                    print("Usage: synth-ai train --config [CFG_PATH]")
+                    return None
+
+            train_type = train_type_override or validate_train_cfg(cfg_path)
+        
+        synth_api_key, _ = get_synth_and_env_keys(env_file)
+        
+        # Resolve backend URL with priority: --backend flag > BACKEND_BASE_URL env > default
+        if backend_override:
+            # CLI flag takes highest precedence
+            backend_base = ensure_api_base(backend_override.strip())
+            click.echo(f"Backend base: {backend_base} (from --backend flag)")
+        else:
+            # Check BACKEND_BASE_URL AFTER loading env file
+            backend_base_url_env = os.environ.get("BACKEND_BASE_URL", "").strip()
+            backend_override_env = os.environ.get("BACKEND_OVERRIDE", "").strip()
+            
+            # Debug: Show what env vars are set
+            click.echo(f"🔍 DEBUG: BACKEND_BASE_URL={backend_base_url_env or '(not set)'}", err=True)
+            click.echo(f"🔍 DEBUG: BACKEND_OVERRIDE={backend_override_env or '(not set)'}", err=True)
+            
+            # Use _default_backend() to respect BACKEND_BASE_URL env var
+            backend_raw = _default_backend()
+            click.echo(f"🔍 DEBUG: _default_backend() returned: {backend_raw}", err=True)
+            backend_base = ensure_api_base(backend_raw)
+            
+            # Assertion: Validate backend URL is what we expect
+            if backend_base_url_env:
+                expected_backend = ensure_api_base(backend_base_url_env)
+                if backend_base != expected_backend:
+                    raise click.ClickException(
+                        f"Backend URL mismatch! Expected: {expected_backend}, Got: {backend_base}. "
+                        f"BACKEND_BASE_URL={backend_base_url_env} but resolved to {backend_base}. "
+                        f"This indicates BACKEND_BASE_URL is not being respected.\n"
+                        f"💡 Solutions:\n"
+                        f"   1. Add BACKEND_BASE_URL=http://localhost:8000 to your .env file\n"
+                        f"   2. Use --backend http://localhost:8000 flag (requires package rebuild)\n"
+                        f"   3. Set BACKEND_OVERRIDE=http://localhost:8000 in your shell\n"
+                        f"   4. Set SYNTH_BACKEND_URL_OVERRIDE=local and LOCAL_BACKEND_URL=http://localhost:8000"
+                    )
+            
+            click.echo(f"Backend base: {backend_base} (key {mask_str(synth_api_key)})")
+            if backend_base_url_env:
+                click.echo(f"  (from BACKEND_BASE_URL={backend_base_url_env})")
+
+        # Skip TOML-based validation for ADAS (uses JSON datasets)
+        if train_type != "adas" and cfg_path:
+            _validate_openai_key_if_provider_is_openai(cfg_path)
+
+        match train_type:
+            case "prompt":
+                if not cfg_path:
+                    raise click.ClickException("Prompt Learning requires a TOML config file.")
+                handle_prompt_learning(
+                    cfg_path=cfg_path,
+                    backend_base=backend_base,
+                    synth_key=synth_api_key,
+                    task_url_override=task_url,
+                    allow_experimental=allow_experimental,
+                    dry_run=dry_run,
+                    poll=poll,
+                    poll_timeout=poll_timeout,
+                    poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                    stream_format=stream_format,
+                )
+            case "context_learning":
+                if not cfg_path:
+                    raise click.ClickException(
+                        "Context Learning requires a TOML config file.\n"
+                        "Usage: synth-ai train --type context_learning --config my_context.toml"
+                    )
+                handle_context_learning(
+                    cfg_path=cfg_path,
+                    backend_base=backend_base,
+                    synth_key=synth_api_key,
+                    poll=poll,
+                    stream_format=stream_format,
+                )
+            case "rl":
+                if not cfg_path:
+                    raise click.ClickException("RL requires a TOML config file.")
+                handle_rl(
+                    cfg_path=cfg_path,
+                    backend_base=backend_base,
+                    synth_key=synth_api_key,
+                    task_url_override=task_url,
+                    model_override=model,
+                    idempotency=idempotency,
+                    allow_experimental=allow_experimental,
+                    dry_run=dry_run,
+                    poll=poll,
+                    poll_timeout=poll_timeout,
+                    poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                    stream_format=stream_format,
+                )
+            case "sft":
+                if not cfg_path:
+                    raise click.ClickException("SFT requires a TOML config file.")
+                dataset_override_path = Path(dataset_path).expanduser().resolve() if dataset_path else None
+                handle_sft(
+                    cfg_path=cfg_path,
+                    backend_base=backend_base,
+                    synth_key=synth_api_key,
+                    dataset_override=dataset_override_path,
+                    allow_experimental=allow_experimental,
+                    dry_run=dry_run,
+                    poll=poll,
+                    poll_timeout=poll_timeout,
+                    poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                    stream_format=stream_format,
+                    examples_limit=examples_limit,
+                )
+            case "adas":
+                if not dataset_path:
+                    raise click.ClickException("ADAS requires a dataset path.")
+                adas_dataset_path = Path(dataset_path).expanduser().resolve()
+                handle_adas(
+                    dataset_path=adas_dataset_path,
+                    backend_base=backend_base,
+                    synth_key=synth_api_key,
+                    policy_model=model,
+                    rollout_budget=rollout_budget,
+                    proposer_effort=proposer_effort,
+                    poll=poll,
+                    poll_timeout=poll_timeout,
+                    poll_interval=poll_interval,
+                    stream_format=stream_format,
+                )
+    except Exception as e:
+        ctx["error"] = type(e).__name__
+        log_error("train_command failed", ctx=ctx)
+        click.echo(f"[TRAIN_CMD] FATAL ERROR: {e}", err=True)
+        traceback.print_exc(file=sys.stderr)
+        raise
+    finally:
+        flush_logger()
+
+
+def handle_context_learning(
+    *,
+    cfg_path: Path,
+    backend_base: str,
+    synth_key: str,
+    poll: bool,
+    stream_format: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Submit and stream a Context Learning job.
+
+    Context Learning is SSE-first; polling flags are ignored.
+    """
+    if not poll:
+        click.echo("Note: --no-poll is ignored for context learning (SSE streaming only).")
+
+    click.echo("\n=== Submitting Context Learning Job ===")
+    try:
+        job = ContextLearningJob.from_config(
+            cfg_path,
+            backend_url=backend_base,
+            api_key=synth_key,
+        )
+        result = job.submit()
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise click.ClickException(str(e))
+
+    click.echo("\n✓ Job created:")
+    click.echo(f"  Context Learning Job ID: {result.job_id}")
+    click.echo(f"  Status: {result.status}")
+
+    click.echo("\n=== Streaming Job Progress ===")
+    if stream_format == "chart":
+        click.echo("Chart stream format is not supported for context learning; using CLI output.")
+
+    try:
+        final_status = job.stream_until_complete()
+    except Exception as e:
+        raise click.ClickException(str(e))
+
+    status = final_status.get("status") if isinstance(final_status, dict) else "unknown"
+    click.echo(f"\nFinal status: {status}")
+    click.echo(preview_json(final_status, limit=600))
+
+    if status in {"succeeded", "completed"}:
+        click.echo("\n=== Best Preflight Script ===")
+        try:
+            best = job.download_best_script()
+            if best.preflight_script:
+                click.echo(best.preflight_script[:2000])
+                if len(best.preflight_script) > 2000:
+                    click.echo(
+                        f"\n... (truncated, {len(best.preflight_script)} chars total)"
+                    )
+        except Exception as e:
+            click.echo(f"⚠️  Could not download best script: {e}")
+
+
+def _wait_for_training_file(
+    backend_base: str, api_key: str, file_id: str, *, timeout: float = 10.0
+) -> None:
+    """Wait for training file to be visible after upload.
+    
+    Reduced from 120s to 10s because:
+    - POST response already confirms file is uploaded
+    - Backend now forces read-your-writes consistency  
+    - By job creation time, replica lag has resolved
+    - Quick sanity check only, not critical path
+    """
+    url = f"{backend_base.rstrip('/')}/files/{file_id}"
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}"}
+    elapsed = 0.0
+    interval = 2.0
+    first_check = True
+    while True:
+        resp = http_get(url, headers=headers, timeout=30.0)
+        if resp.status_code == 200:
+            try:
+                data = resp.json()
+            except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                data = {}
+            status = str(
+                data.get("status") or data.get("state") or data.get("storage_state") or "ready"
+            ).lower()
+            if first_check:
+                click.echo(f"File uploaded successfully (id={file_id}, status={status})")
+                first_check = False
+            if status in {"ready", "uploaded", "stored", "complete"}:
+                click.echo(f"✓ Training file ready (status={status})")
+                return
+            # Show progress for processing states
+            if status in {"processing", "pending", "validating"}:
+                click.echo(
+                    f"  Waiting for file processing... (status={status}, {elapsed:.0f}s elapsed)"
+                )
+        elif resp.status_code == 404:
+            # Keep polling; object may not be visible yet
+            if first_check:
+                click.echo(f"Waiting for file {file_id} to become visible...")
+                first_check = False
+        elif resp.status_code in {401, 403}:
+            # Auth errors won't resolve by polling - fail immediately
+            try:
+                error_body = resp.json()
+            except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                error_body = resp.text[:400]
+            click.echo("\n[ERROR] Authentication failed when checking training file:")
+            click.echo(f"  URL: {url}")
+            click.echo(f"  Status: {resp.status_code}")
+            click.echo(f"  Response: {error_body}")
+            click.echo(f"  API key: {mask_value(api_key)}")
+            raise click.ClickException(
+                f"Authentication error ({resp.status_code}). "
+                "Check that your SYNTH_API_KEY is valid and has permission to access this organization's files."
+            )
+        else:
+            # Other errors - show details but keep polling
+            try:
+                error_body = resp.json()
+            except json.JSONDecodeError:
+                error_body = resp.text[:400]
+            click.echo(f"[WARN] Unexpected response checking file {file_id}:")
+            click.echo(f"  URL: {url}")
+            click.echo(f"  Status: {resp.status_code}")
+            click.echo(f"  Response: {error_body}")
+
+        if elapsed >= timeout:
+            raise click.ClickException(
+                f"Training file {file_id} not ready after {timeout:.0f}s (last status: {resp.status_code})"
+            )
+        sleep(interval)
+        elapsed += interval
+
+
+def handle_rl(
+    *,
+    cfg_path: Path,
+    backend_base: str,
+    synth_key: str,
+    task_url_override: str | None,
+    model_override: str | None,
+    idempotency: str | None,
+    allow_experimental: bool | None,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    poll: bool,
+    poll_timeout: float,
+    poll_interval: float,
+    stream_format: str,
+) -> None:
+    ctx: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "cfg_path": str(cfg_path),
+        "backend_base": backend_base,
+        "task_url_override": task_url_override,
+        "poll": poll,
+    }
+    log_info("handle_rl invoked", ctx=ctx)
+    overrides: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "backend": backend_base,
+        "task_url": task_url_override,
+        "model": model_override,
+    }
+    build = build_rl_payload(
+        config_path=cfg_path,
+        task_url=task_url_override or os.environ.get("TASK_APP_URL", ""),
+        overrides=overrides,
+        idempotency=idempotency,
+        allow_experimental=allow_experimental,
+    )
+
+    # Backend-side verification: try ALL org environment keys against /health and /task_info
+    verify_url = f"{backend_base}/rl/verify_task_app"
+    verify_headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {synth_key}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    try:
+        vresp = http_post(
+            verify_url, headers=verify_headers, json_body={"endpoint_base_url": build.task_url}
+        )
+        try:
+            parsed_json = vresp.json()
+        except json.JSONDecodeError:
+            parsed_json = None
+
+        if isinstance(parsed_json, Mapping):
+            vjs: dict[str, Any] = dict(parsed_json)
+        else:
+            vjs = {
+                "status": vresp.status_code,
+                "text": (vresp.text or "")[:400],
+            }
+            if parsed_json is not None:
+                vjs["body"] = parsed_json
+    except Exception as _ve:
+        raise click.ClickException(
+            f"Task app verification call failed: {type(_ve).__name__}: {_ve}"
+        ) from _ve
+    if vresp.status_code is not None and vresp.status_code >= 400:
+        click.echo("Task app verification error:\n" + preview_json(vjs, limit=800))
+        raise click.ClickException(f"Verification failed with status {vresp.status_code}")
+    if not bool(vjs.get("any_ok")):
+        click.echo("Task app verification failed; no auth combination succeeded. Full report:")
+        click.echo(preview_json(vjs, limit=1200))
+        raise click.ClickException("Task app verification failed (auth)")
+    else:
+        # Print concise summary
+        try:
+            cands = vjs.get("candidates_first15") or []
+            attempts_raw = vjs.get("attempts")
+            attempts: list[Mapping[str, Any]] = (
+                [a for a in attempts_raw if isinstance(a, Mapping)]
+                if isinstance(attempts_raw, list)
+                else []
+            )
+            statuses = [attempt.get("status") for attempt in attempts]
+            click.echo(f"Verification OK (candidates={cands}, statuses={statuses})")
+        except (KeyError, ValueError, AttributeError):
+            # Parsing verification summary failed, but verification itself succeeded
+            click.echo("Verification OK")
+
+    env_key = get_required_value(
+        "environment_api_key",
+        env_value=os.environ.get("ENVIRONMENT_API_KEY"),
+    )
+    os.environ["ENVIRONMENT_API_KEY"] = env_key
+
+    click.echo("Performing task app health check…")
+    health = check_task_app_health(build.task_url, env_key)
+    if not health.ok:
+        click.echo(f"Task app health check failed: {health.detail}")
+        raise click.ClickException("Aborting due to failing health check")
+    else:
+        click.echo("Task app healthy")
+
+    create_url = f"{backend_base}/rl/jobs"
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {synth_key}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    if build.idempotency:
+        headers["Idempotency-Key"] = build.idempotency
+
+    click.echo(f"POST {create_url}")
+    click.echo("Payload preview:\n" + preview_json(build.payload, limit=800))
+
+    resp = http_post(create_url, headers=headers, json_body=build.payload)
+    try:
+        js = resp.json()
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        click.echo(f"⚠️  Failed to parse JSON response: {e}")
+        js = {"status": resp.status_code, "text": resp.text[:400]}
+    click.echo(f"Response {resp.status_code}: {preview_json(js, limit=400)}")
+    if resp.status_code not in (200, 201):
+        raise click.ClickException("Job creation failed")
+    job_id = js.get("job_id") or js.get("id")
+    if not job_id:
+        raise click.ClickException("Response missing job id")
+
+    if not poll:
+        click.echo(f"Created job {job_id} (polling disabled)")
+        return
+
+    click.echo("\n=== Streaming Job Progress ===")
+    
+    # Enable metrics for prompt learning
+    if stream_format == "chart":
+        config = StreamConfig(
+            enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS},
+            event_types={
+                "prompt.learning.progress",
+                "prompt.learning.gepa.start",
+                "prompt.learning.gepa.complete",
+            },
+            metric_names={"gepa.transformation.mean_score"},
+        )
+        handlers = [LossCurveHandler()]
+        click.echo("Using live chart (metric=gepa.transformation.mean_score)")
+    else:
+        config = StreamConfig(
+            enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS},
+            metric_names={"gepa.transformation.mean_score"},
+        )
+        handlers = [CLIHandler(hidden_event_substrings=_DEFAULT_RL_HIDDEN_SUBSTRINGS)]
+    
+    streamer = JobStreamer(
+        base_url=backend_base,
+        api_key=synth_key,
+        job_id=job_id,
+        endpoints=StreamEndpoints.rl(job_id),
+        config=config,
+        handlers=handlers,
+        interval_seconds=poll_interval,
+        timeout_seconds=poll_timeout,
+    )
+    final_status = asyncio.run(streamer.stream_until_terminal())
+    click.echo(f"Final status: {final_status.get('status', 'unknown')}")
+    click.echo(preview_json(final_status, limit=600))
+
+
+def handle_sft(
+    *,
+    cfg_path: Path,
+    backend_base: str,
+    synth_key: str,
+    dataset_override: Path | None,
+    allow_experimental: bool | None,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    poll: bool,
+    poll_timeout: float,
+    poll_interval: float,
+    stream_format: str,
+    examples_limit: int | None,
+) -> None:
+    ctx: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "cfg_path": str(cfg_path),
+        "backend_base": backend_base,
+        "dataset_override": str(dataset_override) if dataset_override else None,
+        "poll": poll,
+    }
+    log_info("handle_sft invoked", ctx=ctx)
+    try:
+        build = build_sft_payload(
+            config_path=cfg_path,
+            dataset_override=dataset_override,
+            allow_experimental=allow_experimental,
+        )
+    except TrainError as exc:
+        _raise_sft_usage_error(exc)
+
+    limited_path: Path | None = None
+
+    try:
+        if examples_limit is not None:
+            limited_path = limit_jsonl_examples(build.train_file, examples_limit)
+            click.echo(
+                f"Using first {examples_limit} examples from {build.train_file} -> {limited_path}"
+            )
+            build.train_file = limited_path
+
+        click.echo("Validating training dataset…")
+        validate_sft_jsonl(build.train_file)
+        if build.validation_file and build.validation_file.suffix == ".jsonl":
+            click.echo("Validating validation dataset…")
+            validate_sft_jsonl(build.validation_file)
+
+        upload_url = f"{backend_base.rstrip('/')}/files"
+        click.echo("\n=== Uploading Training Data ===")
+        click.echo(f"Dataset: {build.train_file}")
+        click.echo(f"Destination: {upload_url}")
+        resp = post_multipart(
+            upload_url, api_key=synth_key, file_field="file", file_path=build.train_file
+        )
+        js = (
+            resp.json()
+            if resp.headers.get("content-type", "").startswith("application/json")
+            else {}
+        )
+        if resp.status_code is not None and resp.status_code >= 400 or "id" not in js:
+            click.echo("\n[ERROR] Training file upload failed:")
+            click.echo(f"  URL: {upload_url}")
+            click.echo(f"  Status: {resp.status_code}")
+            click.echo(f"  Response: {js or resp.text[:400]}")
+            click.echo(f"  File: {build.train_file}")
+            raise click.ClickException(
+                f"Training file upload failed with status {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+        train_file_id = js["id"]
+        click.echo(f"✓ Training file uploaded (id={train_file_id})")
+        val_file_id = None
+        if build.validation_file:
+            click.echo(f"Uploading validation dataset: {build.validation_file}")
+            vresp = post_multipart(
+                upload_url,
+                api_key=synth_key,
+                file_field="file",
+                file_path=build.validation_file,
+            )
+            vjs = (
+                vresp.json()
+                if vresp.headers.get("content-type", "").startswith("application/json")
+                else {}
+            )
+            if vresp.status_code is not None and vresp.status_code < 400 and "id" in vjs:
+                val_file_id = vjs["id"]
+                click.echo(f"✓ Validation file uploaded (id={val_file_id})")
+            else:
+                click.echo(
+                    f"[WARN] Validation upload failed ({vresp.status_code}): {vjs or vresp.text[:200]}"
+                )
+        payload = dict(build.payload)
+        payload["training_file_id"] = train_file_id
+        if val_file_id:
+            payload.setdefault("metadata", {}).setdefault("effective_config", {}).setdefault(
+                "data", {}
+            )["validation_files"] = [val_file_id]
+
+        click.echo("\n=== Checking File Processing Status ===")
+        try:
+            _wait_for_training_file(backend_base, synth_key, train_file_id)
+        except click.ClickException as exc:
+            click.echo(f"[WARN] File readiness check failed: {exc}")
+            click.echo("Proceeding anyway - backend will validate file during job creation...")
+
+        click.echo("\n=== Creating Training Job ===")
+        click.echo("Job payload preview:")
+        click.echo(preview_json(payload, limit=800))
+
+        create_url = f"{backend_base}/learning/jobs"
+        headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {synth_key}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
+        click.echo(f"\nPOST {create_url}")
+        resp = http_post(create_url, headers=headers, json_body=payload)
+        js = (
+            resp.json()
+            if resp.headers.get("content-type", "").startswith("application/json")
+            else {}
+        )
+        if resp.status_code not in (200, 201):
+            click.echo("\n[ERROR] Job creation failed:")
+            click.echo(f"  URL: {create_url}")
+            click.echo(f"  Status: {resp.status_code}")
+            click.echo(f"  Response: {preview_json(js, limit=600)}")
+            raise click.ClickException(f"Job creation failed with status {resp.status_code}")
+        job_id = js.get("job_id") or js.get("id")
+        if not job_id:
+            raise click.ClickException("Response missing job id")
+        click.echo(f"✓ Job created (id={job_id})")
+
+        click.echo("\n=== Starting Training Job ===")
+        start_url = f"{backend_base}/learning/jobs/{job_id}/start"
+        click.echo(f"POST {start_url}")
+        start_resp = http_post(start_url, headers=headers, json_body={})
+        if start_resp.status_code not in (200, 201):
+            click.echo(f"[WARN] Job start returned status {start_resp.status_code}")
+        else:
+            click.echo("✓ Job started")
+
+        if not poll:
+            click.echo(f"Started job {job_id} (polling disabled)")
+            return
+
+        click.echo("\n=== Streaming Job Progress ===")
+        config, handlers = _build_stream_components(
+            stream_format, hidden_event_types=_DEFAULT_SFT_HIDDEN_EVENTS
+        )
+        if stream_format == "chart":
+            click.echo("Using live loss chart (metric=train.loss)")
+        streamer = JobStreamer(
+            base_url=backend_base,
+            api_key=synth_key,
+            job_id=job_id,
+            endpoints=StreamEndpoints.learning(job_id),
+            config=config,
+            handlers=handlers,
+            interval_seconds=poll_interval,
+            timeout_seconds=poll_timeout,
+        )
+        final_status = asyncio.run(streamer.stream_until_terminal())
+        status = final_status.get('status') if isinstance(final_status, dict) else 'unknown'
+        click.echo(f"Final status: {status}")
+        click.echo(preview_json(final_status, limit=600))
+    finally:
+        if limited_path is not None:
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                limited_path.unlink(missing_ok=True)
+            # Clean up empty parent directory if possible
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                limited_path.parent.rmdir()
+
+
+def handle_adas(
+    *,
+    dataset_path: Path,
+    backend_base: str,
+    synth_key: str,
+    policy_model: str | None,
+    rollout_budget: int | None,
+    proposer_effort: str | None,
+    poll: bool,
+    poll_timeout: float,
+    poll_interval: float,
+    stream_format: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Handle ADAS workflow optimization job creation and streaming.
+
+    ADAS uses JSON dataset files and auto-generates task apps.
+    """
+    ctx: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "dataset_path": str(dataset_path),
+        "backend_base": backend_base,
+        "poll": poll,
+    }
+    log_info("handle_adas invoked", ctx=ctx)
+
+    # Load dataset
+    click.echo(f"Loading ADAS dataset from: {dataset_path}")
+    try:
+        dataset = load_graphgen_taskset(dataset_path)
+    except FileNotFoundError:
+        raise click.ClickException(f"Dataset file not found: {dataset_path}")
+    except ValueError as e:
+        raise click.ClickException(f"Invalid ADAS dataset format: {e}")
+
+    click.echo(f"Dataset loaded: {dataset.metadata.name}")
+    click.echo(f"  Tasks: {len(dataset.tasks)}")
+    click.echo(f"  Gold outputs: {len(dataset.gold_outputs)}")
+    click.echo(f"  Judge mode: {dataset.judge_config.mode}")
+
+    # Create ADAS job
+    job = GraphGenJob.from_dataset(
+        dataset=dataset,
+        policy_model=policy_model or "gpt-4o-mini",
+        rollout_budget=rollout_budget or 100,
+        proposer_effort=proposer_effort or "medium",  # type: ignore
+        backend_url=backend_base,
+        api_key=synth_key,
+        auto_start=True,
+    )
+
+    click.echo("\n=== Submitting ADAS Job ===")
+    click.echo(f"Policy model: {job.config.policy_model}")
+    click.echo(f"Rollout budget: {job.config.rollout_budget}")
+    click.echo(f"Proposer effort: {job.config.proposer_effort}")
+
+    try:
+        result = job.submit()
+    except RuntimeError as e:
+        raise click.ClickException(str(e))
+
+    click.echo(f"\n✓ Job created:")
+    click.echo(f"  ADAS Job ID: {result.graphgen_job_id}")
+    click.echo(f"  Status: {result.status}")
+
+    if not poll:
+        click.echo(f"\nCreated job {result.graphgen_job_id} (polling disabled)")
+        return
+
+    click.echo("\n=== Streaming Job Progress ===")
+
+    # Build stream handlers
+    if stream_format == "chart":
+        config = StreamConfig(
+            enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS},
+            metric_names={"gepa.transformation.mean_score"},
+        )
+        handlers = [LossCurveHandler()]
+        click.echo("Using live loss chart (metric=gepa.transformation.mean_score)")
+    else:
+        config = StreamConfig(
+            enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS},
+            max_events_per_poll=500,
+            deduplicate=True,
+        )
+        handlers = [GraphGenHandler()]
+
+    # Stream until complete
+    try:
+        final_status = job.stream_until_complete(
+            timeout=poll_timeout,
+            interval=poll_interval,
+            handlers=handlers,
+        )
+    except TimeoutError as e:
+        raise click.ClickException(str(e))
+
+    status = final_status.get('status') if isinstance(final_status, dict) else 'unknown'
+    click.echo(f"\nFinal status: {status}")
+    click.echo(preview_json(final_status, limit=600))
+
+    # Download and display best prompt if succeeded
+    if status == "succeeded" or status == "completed":
+        click.echo("\n=== Best Optimized Prompt ===")
+        try:
+            prompt = job.download_prompt()
+            if prompt:
+                click.echo(prompt[:2000])
+                if len(prompt) > 2000:
+                    click.echo(f"\n... (truncated, {len(prompt)} chars total)")
+        except Exception as e:
+            click.echo(f"⚠️  Could not download prompt: {e}")
+
+
+def _raise_sft_usage_error(exc: TrainError) -> NoReturn:
+    message = str(exc).strip()
+    lower_msg = message.lower()
+    context = "Preparing SFT training job payload"
+    impact = "Cannot submit training job without a valid dataset path"
+
+    if "dataset not specified" in lower_msg:
+        raise click.UsageError(
+            format_error_message(
+                summary="Dataset path required",
+                context=context,
+                problem="No dataset path was provided via config or CLI",
+                impact=impact,
+                solutions=[
+                    ("Add [job].data = \"/path/to/data.jsonl\" to the config", "Persist the dataset path in the TOML file"),
+                    ("Re-run with --dataset /path/to/data.jsonl", "Override the dataset path from the CLI"),
+                    ("Use an absolute path accessible from the current working directory", "Relative paths are resolved from the shell cwd"),
+                ],
+            )
+        ) from exc
+
+    if "dataset not found" in lower_msg:
+        raise click.UsageError(
+            format_error_message(
+                summary="Dataset path not found",
+                context=context,
+                problem=message,
+                impact=impact,
+                solutions=[
+                    ("Verify the dataset path exists on disk", "Double-check spelling and that the file hasn't moved"),
+                    ("Provide an absolute path to the dataset file", "Avoid relying on relative paths that resolve incorrectly"),
+                    ("Sync the dataset to this machine before running the CLI", "Remote paths must be accessible locally"),
+                ],
+            )
+        ) from exc
+
+    raise click.ClickException(message) from exc
+
+
+def _save_verbose_log_file(
+    events: list[dict[str, Any]],
+    log_file: Path,
+    algorithm_name: str,
+    job_id: str,
+    append_summary: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """Save a verbose log file with all events in chronological order, including summary.
+    
+    If append_summary is True, only append the summary section (events were already streamed live).
+    """
+    import json
+    from datetime import datetime
+    
+    try:
+        lines = []
+        if not append_summary:
+            # Full log file with header and all events
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append(f"{algorithm_name} PROMPT LEARNING VERBOSE LOG")
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append(f"Job ID: {job_id}")
+            lines.append(f"Timestamp: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
+            lines.append(f"Total Events: {len(events)}")
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append("")
+        
+        # Sort events by timestamp if available
+        def get_timestamp(event: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+            return event.get("timestamp", event.get("created_at", ""))
+        
+        sorted_events = sorted(events, key=get_timestamp)
+        
+        # Only include events if not appending summary (events were already streamed live)
+        if not append_summary:
+            for idx, event in enumerate(sorted_events, 1):
+                if not isinstance(event, dict):
+                    continue
+                
+                event_type = event.get("type", "unknown")
+                timestamp = event.get("timestamp") or event.get("created_at", "")
+                level = event.get("level", "info")
+                message = event.get("message", "")
+                data = event.get("data", {})
+                
+                lines.append(f"[{idx}] {timestamp} [{level.upper()}] {event_type}")
+                if message:
+                    lines.append(f"  Message: {message}")
+                if data:
+                    # Format data nicely (truncate very long values)
+                    formatted_data = {}
+                    for key, value in data.items():
+                        if isinstance(value, dict | list):
+                            # Convert to JSON string, truncate if too long
+                            json_str = json.dumps(value, indent=2)
+                            if len(json_str) > 1000:
+                                json_str = json_str[:1000] + "... (truncated)"
+                            formatted_data[key] = json_str
+                        elif isinstance(value, str) and len(value) > 500:
+                            formatted_data[key] = value[:500] + "... (truncated)"
+                        else:
+                            formatted_data[key] = value
+                    
+                    if formatted_data:
+                        lines.append(f"  Data: {json.dumps(formatted_data, indent=2)}")
+                lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add summary table and chart at the end (always included)
+        if append_summary:
+            lines.append("\n\n")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        lines.append("FINAL SUMMARY")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        
+        try:
+            from .summary import _generate_summary_text
+            # Extract optimization curve from events
+            optimization_curve = None
+            trial_scores = []
+            for event in sorted_events:
+                if isinstance(event, dict):
+                    event_type = event.get("type", "")
+                    if event_type in ("prompt.learning.trial.complete", "mipro.new_incumbent"):
+                        data = event.get("data", {})
+                        trial_num = data.get("trial") or data.get("trial_num")
+                        score = data.get("score") or data.get("minibatch_score")
+                        if trial_num is not None and score is not None:
+                            trial_scores.append((trial_num, score))
+            
+            if trial_scores:
+                best_so_far = {}
+                for trial_num, score in sorted(trial_scores):
+                    if trial_num not in best_so_far or score > best_so_far[trial_num]:
+                        best_so_far[trial_num] = score
+                optimization_curve = sorted(best_so_far.items())
+            
+            summary_text, curve_text = _generate_summary_text(
+                events=sorted_events,
+                algorithm=algorithm_name.lower() if algorithm_name else None,
+                optimization_curve=optimization_curve,
+            )
+            if summary_text:
+                lines.append(summary_text)
+            if curve_text:
+                lines.append("")
+                lines.append(curve_text)
+        except Exception as e:
+            lines.append(f"⚠️  Could not generate summary: {e}")
+        
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        lines.append("END OF LOG")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        
+        # Write to file (append if summary-only mode)
+        mode = "a" if append_summary else "w"
+        with open(log_file, mode, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            if append_summary:
+                f.write("\n")
+            f.write("\n".join(lines))
+    
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(f"⚠️  Could not save verbose log file: {e}")
+
+
+def _save_prompt_learning_results_locally(
+    *,
+    backend_base: str,
+    api_key: str,
+    job_id: str,
+    config_path: Path,
+    results_folder: Path,
+) -> None:
+    """Fetch events and generate results file locally after prompt learning completes."""
+    from datetime import datetime
+    
+    try:
+        # Fetch all events
+        url = f"{backend_base}/prompt-learning/online/jobs/{job_id}/events?limit={_RESULTS_FILE_MAX_EVENTS}"
+        headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}"}
+        resp = http_get(url, headers=headers, timeout=30.0)
+        
+        if resp.status_code != 200:
+            click.echo(f"⚠️  Could not fetch events to generate results file (status={resp.status_code})")
+            return
+        
+        data = resp.json()
+        # Handle both list response (backend) and dict response (legacy compatibility)
+        if isinstance(data, list):
+            events = data
+        elif isinstance(data, dict):
+            events = data.get("events", [])
+            if not isinstance(events, list):
+                click.echo(f"⚠️  Events field is not a list: {type(events).__name__}")
+                return
+        else:
+            click.echo(f"⚠️  Unexpected response type: {type(data).__name__}")
+            return
+        
+        if not events:
+            return
+        
+        # Extract key data from events
+        best_score = None
+        best_prompt = None
+        baseline_score = None
+        attempted_candidates = []
+        optimized_candidates = []
+        mipro_topk_candidates = []  # Collect MIPRO top-K candidates
+        proposed_instructions = []  # Collect proposed instructions from MIPRO
+        proposed_transformations = []  # Collect proposed transformations from GEPA
+        
+        for event in events:
+            if not isinstance(event, dict):
+                continue  # Skip malformed events
+            
+            event_type = event.get("type", "")
+            event_data = event.get("data", {})
+            if not isinstance(event_data, dict):
+                event_data = {}  # Fallback to empty dict for safety
+            
+            if event_type == _PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_BEST_PROMPT:
+                best_score = event_data.get("best_score")
+                best_prompt = event_data.get("best_prompt")
+            elif event_type == _PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_FINAL_RESULTS:
+                attempted_candidates = event_data.get("attempted_candidates", [])
+                optimized_candidates = event_data.get("optimized_candidates", [])
+            elif event_type == _PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_VALIDATION_SCORED:
+                # Check if this is the baseline by checking for is_baseline flag or baseline in message
+                is_baseline = event_data.get("is_baseline", False)
+                if not is_baseline:
+                    msg = event.get("message", "")
+                    is_baseline = "baseline" in msg.lower()
+                if is_baseline:
+                    baseline_score = event_data.get("accuracy")
+            elif event_type == _PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_GEPA_COMPLETE and best_score is None:
+                best_score = event_data.get("best_score")
+            elif event_type == _PROMPT_LEARNING_EVENT_MIPRO_COMPLETE:
+                # MIPRO completion event includes best_prompt and best_score
+                if best_score is None:
+                    best_score = event_data.get("best_score")
+                if best_prompt is None:
+                    best_prompt = event_data.get("best_prompt")
+            elif event_type == "mipro.topk.evaluated":
+                # Extract MIPRO top-K candidate data with full details
+                rank = event_data.get("rank")
+                train_score = event_data.get("train_score")
+                test_score = event_data.get("test_score")
+                if rank is not None and train_score is not None and test_score is not None:
+                    # Extract full instruction text (may be multi-line)
+                    instruction_text = event_data.get("instruction_text", "")
+                    if not instruction_text:
+                        # Try to get from instruction_lines if available
+                        instruction_lines = event_data.get("instruction_lines", [])
+                        if instruction_lines:
+                            instruction_text = "\n".join(str(line) for line in instruction_lines)
+                    
+                    mipro_topk_candidates.append({
+                        "rank": rank,
+                        "train_score": train_score,
+                        "test_score": test_score,
+                        "lift_absolute": event_data.get("lift_absolute"),
+                        "lift_percent": event_data.get("lift_percent"),
+                        "instruction_text": instruction_text,
+                        "instruction_lines": event_data.get("instruction_lines", []),
+                        "demo_indices": event_data.get("demo_indices", []),
+                        "stage_payloads": event_data.get("stage_payloads", {}),
+                        "instruction_indices": event_data.get("instruction_indices", []),
+                        "test_per_seed": event_data.get("test_per_seed", {}),
+                    })
+            elif event_type == "mipro.baseline.test":
+                # Extract baseline test score
+                if baseline_score is None:
+                    baseline_score = event_data.get("test_score")
+            elif event_type == "mipro.instruction.proposed":
+                # Collect proposed instructions
+                proposed_instructions.append({
+                    "iteration": event_data.get("iteration"),
+                    "stage_id": event_data.get("stage_id"),
+                    "module_id": event_data.get("module_id"),
+                    "instruction_id": event_data.get("instruction_id"),
+                    "instruction_text": event_data.get("instruction_text", ""),
+                    "instruction_lines": event_data.get("instruction_lines", []),
+                    "demo_indices": event_data.get("demo_indices", []),
+                    "proposal_id": event_data.get("proposal_id"),
+                    "timestamp": event.get("created_at"),
+                })
+            elif event_type == "gepa.transformation.proposed":
+                # Collect proposed transformations
+                proposed_transformations.append({
+                    "generation": event_data.get("generation"),
+                    "mutation_type": event_data.get("mutation_type"),
+                    "operator": event_data.get("operator"),
+                    "transformation_id": event_data.get("transformation_id"),
+                    "parent_id": event_data.get("parent_id"),
+                    "transformation_text": event_data.get("transformation_text", ""),
+                    "transformation_dict": event_data.get("transformation_dict", {}),
+                    "mutation_params": event_data.get("mutation_params", {}),
+                    "timestamp": event.get("created_at"),
+                })
+        
+        # Check if we have any results to display (best_prompt, best_score, or candidates)
+        has_results = bool(attempted_candidates or optimized_candidates or best_prompt or best_score is not None)
+        if not has_results:
+            return
+        
+        # Determine algorithm name from events
+        algorithm_name = "PROMPT LEARNING"
+        for event in events:
+            if isinstance(event, dict):
+                event_type = event.get("type", "")
+                if "gepa" in event_type.lower():
+                    algorithm_name = "GEPA"
+                    break
+                elif "mipro" in event_type.lower():
+                    algorithm_name = "MIPRO"
+                    break
+        
+        # Generate formatted report
+        lines = []
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        lines.append(f"{algorithm_name} PROMPT LEARNING RESULTS")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        lines.append(f"Job ID: {job_id}")
+        lines.append(f"Timestamp: {datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
+        lines.append("")
+        if baseline_score is not None:
+            lines.append(f"📊 Baseline Score: {baseline_score:.4f} ({baseline_score*100:.1f}%)")
+        if best_score is not None:
+            lines.append(f"🏆 Best Score:     {best_score:.4f} ({best_score*100:.1f}%)")
+        if baseline_score is not None and best_score is not None:
+            improvement = ((best_score - baseline_score) / baseline_score) * 100 if baseline_score > 0 else 0
+            lines.append(f"📈 Improvement:    {improvement:+.1f}% relative ({(best_score - baseline_score)*100:+.1f} pp absolute)")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add best prompt if available
+        if best_prompt and isinstance(best_prompt, dict):
+            lines.append("🏆 BEST PROMPT")
+            lines.append("-" * 80)
+            sections = best_prompt.get("sections", [])
+            if not isinstance(sections, list):
+                sections = []
+            for sec in sections:
+                if not isinstance(sec, dict):
+                    continue
+                role = sec.get("role", "unknown")
+                content = sec.get("content", "")
+                lines.append(f"\n[{role.upper()}]:")
+                lines.append(content)
+            lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add optimized candidates
+        if optimized_candidates and isinstance(optimized_candidates, list):
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append(f"✨ TOP OPTIMIZED CANDIDATES ({len(optimized_candidates)})")
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append("")
+            
+            for idx, cand in enumerate(optimized_candidates):
+                if not isinstance(cand, dict):
+                    continue
+                candidate_score = cand.get("score") or {}
+                accuracy = candidate_score.get("accuracy", 0.0)
+                prompt_length = candidate_score.get("prompt_length", 0)
+                payload_kind = cand.get("payload_kind", "unknown")
+                
+                # Try score.instance_scores first, then cand.instance_scores (explicit check)
+                instance_scores = (
+                    candidate_score.get('instance_scores') 
+                    if 'instance_scores' in candidate_score 
+                    else cand.get('instance_scores')
+                )
+                n_eval = len(instance_scores) if instance_scores and isinstance(instance_scores, list) else 0
+                
+                lines.append(f"[{idx+1}] Accuracy: {accuracy:.4f} | Length: {prompt_length} | Type: {payload_kind} | N: {n_eval}")
+                lines.append("-" * 80)
+                
+                obj = cand.get("object")
+                if obj and isinstance(obj, dict) and payload_kind == "transformation":
+                    # For transformations, text_replacements are nested in data
+                    data_obj = obj.get("data", {})
+                    replacement_lines = _format_text_replacements(data_obj)
+                    lines.extend(replacement_lines)
+                lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add MIPRO top-K candidates
+        if mipro_topk_candidates and isinstance(mipro_topk_candidates, list):
+            # Sort by rank
+            mipro_topk_candidates.sort(key=lambda x: x.get("rank", 999))
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append(f"🎯 TOP-K CANDIDATES ({len(mipro_topk_candidates)})")
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append("")
+            
+            for cand in mipro_topk_candidates:
+                rank = cand.get("rank", 0)
+                train_score = cand.get("train_score", 0.0)
+                test_score = cand.get("test_score", 0.0)
+                lift_abs = cand.get("lift_absolute")
+                lift_pct = cand.get("lift_percent")
+                instruction_text = cand.get("instruction_text", "")
+                instruction_lines = cand.get("instruction_lines", [])
+                demo_indices = cand.get("demo_indices", [])
+                instruction_indices = cand.get("instruction_indices", [])
+                stage_payloads = cand.get("stage_payloads", {})
+                test_per_seed = cand.get("test_per_seed", {})
+                
+                lift_str = ""
+                if lift_abs is not None and lift_pct is not None:
+                    lift_str = f" | Lift: {lift_abs:+.3f} ({lift_pct:+.1f}%)"
+                
+                lines.append(f"[Rank {rank}] Train: {train_score:.4f} ({train_score*100:.1f}%) | Test: {test_score:.4f} ({test_score*100:.1f}%){lift_str}")
+                lines.append("-" * 80)
+                
+                # Show full instruction text (use instruction_lines if available, otherwise instruction_text)
+                if instruction_lines:
+                    lines.append("Instructions:")
+                    for idx, instr_line in enumerate(instruction_lines, 1):
+                        lines.append(f"  {idx}. {instr_line}")
+                elif instruction_text:
+                    # Split multi-line instructions
+                    instr_parts = instruction_text.split("\n")
+                    if len(instr_parts) > 1:
+                        lines.append("Instructions:")
+                        for idx, part in enumerate(instr_parts, 1):
+                            if part.strip():
+                                lines.append(f"  {idx}. {part.strip()}")
+                    else:
+                        lines.append(f"Instruction: {instruction_text}")
+                
+                if instruction_indices:
+                    lines.append(f"Instruction Indices: {instruction_indices}")
+                if demo_indices:
+                    lines.append(f"Demo Indices: {demo_indices}")
+                
+                # Show per-stage breakdown if available
+                if stage_payloads:
+                    lines.append("Per-stage breakdown:")
+                    for stage_id, payload in stage_payloads.items():
+                        if isinstance(payload, dict):
+                            instr_ids = payload.get("instruction_indices", [])
+                            demo_ids = payload.get("demo_indices", [])
+                            module_id = payload.get("module_id", "unknown")
+                            lines.append(f"  [{module_id}/{stage_id}] instr_ids={instr_ids} demo_ids={demo_ids}")
+                
+                # Show test per-seed scores if available
+                if test_per_seed:
+                    seed_scores = []
+                    for seed, score in sorted(test_per_seed.items()):
+                        seed_scores.append(f"{seed}: {score:.2f}")
+                    if seed_scores:
+                        lines.append(f"Test per-seed: {', '.join(seed_scores)}")
+                
+                lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add all proposal candidates
+        if attempted_candidates and isinstance(attempted_candidates, list):
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append(f"💡 ALL PROPOSAL CANDIDATES ({len(attempted_candidates)})")
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append("")
+            
+            for idx, cand in enumerate(attempted_candidates):
+                if not isinstance(cand, dict):
+                    continue
+                accuracy = cand.get('accuracy', 0.0)
+                prompt_length = cand.get('prompt_length', 0)
+                tool_rate = cand.get('tool_call_rate', 0.0)
+                instance_scores = cand.get('instance_scores', [])
+                n_eval = len(instance_scores) if instance_scores else 0
+                
+                lines.append(f"[{idx+1}] Accuracy: {accuracy:.4f} | Length: {prompt_length} | Tool Rate: {tool_rate:.2f} | N: {n_eval}")
+                lines.append("-" * 80)
+                
+                obj = cand.get("object")
+                if obj and isinstance(obj, dict):
+                    # For proposals, text_replacements are at top level of object
+                    replacement_lines = _format_text_replacements(obj)
+                    lines.extend(replacement_lines)
+                lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add proposed instructions section (MIPRO)
+        if proposed_instructions and isinstance(proposed_instructions, list):
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append(f"💡 PROPOSED INSTRUCTIONS ({len(proposed_instructions)})")
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append("")
+            
+            for idx, instr in enumerate(proposed_instructions):
+                if not isinstance(instr, dict):
+                    continue
+                iteration = instr.get("iteration", "?")
+                stage_id = instr.get("stage_id", "?")
+                module_id = instr.get("module_id", "?")
+                instruction_id = instr.get("instruction_id", "?")
+                instruction_text = instr.get("instruction_text", "")
+                instruction_lines = instr.get("instruction_lines", [])
+                demo_indices = instr.get("demo_indices", [])
+                
+                lines.append(f"[{idx+1}] Iteration {iteration} | Stage: {stage_id} | Module: {module_id} | ID: {instruction_id}")
+                if demo_indices:
+                    lines.append(f"Demo Indices: {demo_indices}")
+                lines.append("-" * 80)
+                
+                # Show instruction text (use instruction_lines if available, otherwise instruction_text)
+                if instruction_lines:
+                    for line_idx, line in enumerate(instruction_lines, 1):
+                        if line.strip():
+                            lines.append(f"  {line_idx}. {line.strip()}")
+                elif instruction_text:
+                    # Split multi-line instructions
+                    instr_parts = instruction_text.split("\n")
+                    if len(instr_parts) > 1:
+                        for line_idx, part in enumerate(instr_parts, 1):
+                            if part.strip():
+                                lines.append(f"  {line_idx}. {part.strip()}")
+                    else:
+                        lines.append(f"  {instruction_text}")
+                
+                lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add proposed transformations section (GEPA)
+        if proposed_transformations and isinstance(proposed_transformations, list):
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append(f"🧬 PROPOSED TRANSFORMATIONS ({len(proposed_transformations)})")
+            lines.append("=" * 80)
+            lines.append("")
+            
+            for idx, trans in enumerate(proposed_transformations):
+                if not isinstance(trans, dict):
+                    continue
+                generation = trans.get("generation", "?")
+                mutation_type = trans.get("mutation_type", "?")
+                operator = trans.get("operator", "?")
+                transformation_id = trans.get("transformation_id", "?")
+                parent_id = trans.get("parent_id", "?")
+                transformation_text = trans.get("transformation_text", "")
+                transformation_dict = trans.get("transformation_dict", {})
+                
+                lines.append(f"[{idx+1}] Generation {generation} | Type: {mutation_type} | Operator: {operator}")
+                lines.append(f"Transformation ID: {transformation_id} | Parent ID: {parent_id}")
+                lines.append("-" * 80)
+                
+                # Show transformation text
+                if transformation_text:
+                    lines.append("Transformation Text:")
+                    lines.append(f"  {transformation_text}")
+                
+                # Show transformation dict details if available
+                if transformation_dict:
+                    text_replacements = transformation_dict.get("text_replacements", [])
+                    if text_replacements:
+                        lines.append("Text Replacements:")
+                        for repl_idx, repl in enumerate(text_replacements, 1):
+                            if isinstance(repl, dict):
+                                apply_to = repl.get("apply_to_role", "unknown")
+                                old_text = repl.get("old_text", "")[:100]
+                                new_text = repl.get("new_text", "")[:200]
+                                lines.append(f"  {repl_idx}. [{apply_to}]")
+                                if old_text:
+                                    lines.append(f"      Old: {old_text}...")
+                                if new_text:
+                                    lines.append(f"      New: {new_text}...")
+                
+                lines.append("")
+        
+        # Add summary table and chart before END OF REPORT
+        lines.append("")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        lines.append("FINAL SUMMARY")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        
+        # Generate summary table text (reuse summary.py logic)
+        try:
+            from .summary import _generate_summary_text
+            # Extract optimization curve from events if available
+            optimization_curve = None
+            # Try to extract curve from trial events
+            trial_scores = []
+            for event in events:
+                if isinstance(event, dict):
+                    event_type = event.get("type", "")
+                    if event_type in ("prompt.learning.trial.complete", "mipro.new_incumbent"):
+                        data = event.get("data", {})
+                        trial_num = data.get("trial") or data.get("trial_num")
+                        score = data.get("score") or data.get("minibatch_score")
+                        if trial_num is not None and score is not None:
+                            trial_scores.append((trial_num, score))
+            
+            if trial_scores:
+                # Build optimization curve (best score so far at each trial)
+                best_so_far = {}
+                for trial_num, score in sorted(trial_scores):
+                    if trial_num not in best_so_far or score > best_so_far[trial_num]:
+                        best_so_far[trial_num] = score
+                optimization_curve = sorted(best_so_far.items())
+            
+            summary_text, curve_text = _generate_summary_text(
+                events=events,
+                algorithm=algorithm_name.lower() if algorithm_name else None,
+                optimization_curve=optimization_curve,
+            )
+            if summary_text:
+                lines.append(summary_text)
+            if curve_text:
+                lines.append("")
+                lines.append(curve_text)
+        except Exception as e:
+            lines.append(f"⚠️  Could not generate summary: {e}")
+        
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        lines.append("END OF REPORT")
+        lines.append("=" * 80)
+        
+        # Determine save location
+        timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+        
+        # Use results_folder from config (create if it doesn't exist)
+        output_dir = results_folder
+        output_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Use algorithm-specific filename
+        algorithm_prefix = algorithm_name.lower() if algorithm_name else "prompt_learning"
+        output_file = output_dir / f"{algorithm_prefix}_results_{job_id}_{timestamp}.txt"
+        
+        with open(output_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            f.write("\n".join(lines))
+        
+        click.echo(f"\n📄 Results saved locally to: {output_file}")
+        
+        # Also save verbose log file with all events (append summary if log was streamed live)
+        log_file = output_dir / f"{algorithm_prefix}_log_{job_id}_{timestamp}.log"
+        append_summary = log_file.exists()  # If log file exists, it was streamed live, so just append summary
+        _save_verbose_log_file(events, log_file, algorithm_name, job_id, append_summary=append_summary)
+        click.echo(f"📋 Verbose log saved locally to: {log_file}")
+        
+    except (PermissionError, OSError) as e:
+        click.echo(f"⚠️  Could not save results file locally: {e}")
+    except Exception as e:
+        click.echo(f"⚠️  Unexpected error saving results file: {e}")
+
+
+def handle_prompt_learning(
+    *,
+    cfg_path: Path,
+    backend_base: str,
+    synth_key: str,
+    task_url_override: str | None,
+    allow_experimental: bool | None,
+    dry_run: bool,
+    poll: bool,
+    poll_timeout: float,
+    poll_interval: float,
+    stream_format: str,
+    display_config: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+    tui: bool = False,
+    show_curve: bool = True,
+    verbose_summary: bool = True,
+) -> None:
+    """Handle prompt learning job creation (MIPRO or GEPA)."""
+    ctx: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "cfg_path": str(cfg_path),
+        "backend_base": backend_base,
+        "task_url_override": task_url_override,
+        "poll": poll,
+    }
+    log_info("handle_prompt_learning invoked", ctx=ctx)
+    env_key = get_required_value(
+        "environment_api_key",
+        env_value=os.environ.get("ENVIRONMENT_API_KEY"),
+    )
+    os.environ["ENVIRONMENT_API_KEY"] = env_key
+    
+    overrides: dict[str, Any] = {
+        "backend": backend_base,
+        "task_url": task_url_override,
+    }
+    
+    build = build_prompt_learning_payload(
+        config_path=cfg_path,
+        task_url=task_url_override,
+        overrides=overrides,
+        allow_experimental=allow_experimental,
+    )
+    
+    # Assertion: Validate task app URL is reachable from backend perspective
+    # If backend is localhost and task app is localhost, they should be able to communicate
+    task_app_url = build.task_url or ""
+    if backend_base.startswith("http://localhost") or backend_base.startswith("http://127.0.0.1"):
+        if task_app_url.startswith("http://localhost") or task_app_url.startswith("http://127.0.0.1"):
+            # Both are local - this should work
+            pass
+        else:
+            click.echo(f"⚠️  WARNING: Backend is local ({backend_base}) but task app is remote ({task_app_url})")
+            click.echo("   The backend may not be able to reach the task app. Consider using a tunnel or local task app.")
+    
+    click.echo("Performing task app health check…")
+    click.echo(f"Task app URL: {build.task_url}")
+    click.echo("⏳ Checking /health endpoint (timeout: 10s)...")
+    health = check_task_app_health(build.task_url, env_key, timeout=10.0)
+    if not health.ok:
+        click.echo(f"❌ Task app health check failed: {health.detail}")
+        click.echo(f"   Health status: {health.health_status}")
+        click.echo(f"   Task info status: {health.task_info_status}")
+        click.echo("💡 Troubleshooting:")
+        click.echo("   1. Ensure the task app is running: lsof -i :8102")
+        click.echo("   2. Test manually: curl -v http://127.0.0.1:8102/health")
+        click.echo("   3. Check task app logs for errors")
+        click.echo("   4. Restart the task app if it's hung")
+        raise click.ClickException("Aborting due to failing health check")
+    else:
+        click.echo("Task app healthy")
+    
+    # Ensure backend_base has /api prefix
+    if not backend_base.endswith("/api"):
+        backend_base = ensure_api_base(backend_base)
+    
+    # Assertion: Validate backend URL before making request
+    if not backend_base.startswith("http"):
+        raise click.ClickException(
+            f"Invalid backend URL: {backend_base}. Must start with http:// or https://"
+        )
+    
+    create_url = f"{backend_base}/prompt-learning/online/jobs"
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {synth_key}", "Content-Type": "application/json"}
+    
+    click.echo(f"POST {create_url}")
+    click.echo("Payload preview:\n" + preview_json(build.payload, limit=800))
+    
+    # Assertion: If using local backend, verify it's actually localhost
+    if (
+        os.getenv("BACKEND_BASE_URL")
+        and "localhost" in os.getenv("BACKEND_BASE_URL", "").lower()
+        and "localhost" not in backend_base.lower()
+        and "127.0.0.1" not in backend_base
+    ):
+        raise click.ClickException(
+            f"BACKEND_BASE_URL was set to localhost but backend_base resolved to {backend_base}. "
+            f"This indicates the environment variable is not being respected."
+        )
+    
+    # Increase timeout for job creation (can take longer due to validation checks)
+    resp = http_post(create_url, headers=headers, json_body=build.payload, timeout=180.0)
+    try:
+        js = resp.json()
+    except json.JSONDecodeError as e:
+        click.echo(f"⚠️  Failed to parse JSON response: {e}")
+        js = {"status": resp.status_code, "text": resp.text[:400]}
+    click.echo(f"Response {resp.status_code}: {preview_json(js, limit=400)}")
+    if resp.status_code not in (200, 201):
+        raise click.ClickException("Job creation failed")
+    job_id = js.get("job_id") or js.get("id")
+    if not job_id:
+        raise click.ClickException("Response missing job id")
+    
+    if not poll:
+        click.echo(f"Created job {job_id} (polling disabled)")
+        return
+    
+    algorithm = str(build.payload.get("algorithm") or "").lower()
+    metric_names: set[str] | None = None
+    if algorithm == "gepa":
+        metric_names = {"gepa.transformation.mean_score"}
+
+    chart_mode = stream_format == "chart" and algorithm == "gepa"
+    if stream_format == "chart" and not chart_mode:
+        click.echo("Chart streaming is only available for GEPA jobs; showing textual updates instead.")
+
+    # Prepare log file path for real-time streaming
+    results_folder = parse_results_folder(cfg_path)
+    from datetime import datetime
+    timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
+    algorithm_prefix = algorithm.lower() if algorithm else "prompt_learning"
+    log_file = results_folder / f"{algorithm_prefix}_log_{job_id}_{timestamp}.log"
+    
+    # Write initial streaming message to log file if handler will be created
+    if not chart_mode:
+        try:
+            log_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            with open(log_file, "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                f.write("\n=== Streaming Job Progress ===\n")
+        except Exception:
+            pass  # Continue even if log file can't be written
+    
+    click.echo("\n=== Streaming Job Progress ===")
+
+    # Create appropriate handler based on algorithm
+    if algorithm == "gepa":
+        if chart_mode:
+            config = StreamConfig(
+                enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS},
+                event_types={
+                    "prompt.learning.progress",
+                    "prompt.learning.gepa.start",
+                    "prompt.learning.gepa.complete",
+                },
+                metric_names=metric_names,
+            )
+            handlers = [LossCurveHandler()]
+            click.echo("Using live loss chart (metric=gepa.transformation.mean_score)")
+        else:
+            config = StreamConfig(
+                enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS, StreamType.TIMELINE},
+                metric_names=metric_names,
+                max_events_per_poll=500,  # Capture more events per poll
+                deduplicate=True,  # Still deduplicate but capture more
+                # Don't filter events - show all of them
+                event_types=None,  # No whitelist - show all event types
+                event_types_exclude=None,  # No blacklist - show all events
+                event_levels=None,  # Show all levels
+            )
+            # Use PromptLearningHandler for enhanced event handling
+            handler = PromptLearningHandler(
+                show_trial_results=display_config.get("show_trial_results", True) if display_config else True,
+                show_transformations=display_config.get("show_transformations", False) if display_config else False,
+                show_validation=display_config.get("show_validation", True) if display_config else True,
+                max_tokens=display_config.get("max_tokens") if display_config else None,
+                max_time_seconds=display_config.get("max_time_seconds") if display_config else None,
+                max_rollouts=display_config.get("max_rollouts") if display_config else None,
+                log_file=log_file,
+            )
+            handlers = [handler]
+    else:
+        # Use PromptLearningHandler for MIPRO (same as GEPA)
+        config = StreamConfig(
+            enabled_streams={StreamType.STATUS, StreamType.EVENTS, StreamType.METRICS, StreamType.TIMELINE},
+            metric_names=metric_names,
+            max_events_per_poll=500,  # Capture more events per poll
+            deduplicate=True,  # Still deduplicate but capture more
+            # Don't filter events - show all of them
+            event_types=None,  # No whitelist - show all event types
+            event_types_exclude=None,  # No blacklist - show all events
+            event_levels=None,  # Show all levels
+        )
+        handler = PromptLearningHandler(
+            show_trial_results=display_config.get("show_trial_results", True) if display_config else True,
+            show_transformations=display_config.get("show_transformations", False) if display_config else False,
+            show_validation=display_config.get("show_validation", True) if display_config else True,
+            max_tokens=display_config.get("max_tokens") if display_config else None,
+            max_time_seconds=display_config.get("max_time_seconds") if display_config else None,
+            max_rollouts=display_config.get("max_rollouts") if display_config else None,
+            log_file=log_file,
+        )
+        handlers = [handler]
+    
+    streamer = JobStreamer(
+        base_url=backend_base,
+        api_key=synth_key,
+        job_id=job_id,
+        endpoints=StreamEndpoints.prompt_learning(job_id),
+        config=config,
+        handlers=handlers,
+        interval_seconds=poll_interval,
+        timeout_seconds=poll_timeout,
+    )
+    final_status = asyncio.run(streamer.stream_until_terminal())
+    
+    # Write final status to log file if handler has one
+    if isinstance(handlers[0], PromptLearningHandler) and handlers[0]._log_file_handle:
+        handlers[0]._write_log(f"Final status: {final_status.get('status', 'unknown')}")
+        handlers[0]._write_log(preview_json(final_status, limit=600))
+    
+    click.echo(f"Final status: {final_status.get('status', 'unknown')}")
+    click.echo(preview_json(final_status, limit=600))
+    
+    # Display final summary for GEPA/MIPRO jobs if requested
+    if verbose_summary and algorithm in ("gepa", "mipro"):
+        optimization_curve = None
+        if isinstance(handlers[0], PromptLearningHandler):
+            optimization_curve = handlers[0].optimization_curve
+        
+        from .summary import display_prompt_learning_summary
+        # Pass log_writer if handler has one
+        log_writer = None
+        if isinstance(handlers[0], PromptLearningHandler) and handlers[0]._log_file_handle:
+            log_writer = handlers[0]._write_log
+        display_prompt_learning_summary(
+            job_id=job_id,
+            backend_base=backend_base,
+            api_key=synth_key,
+            optimization_curve=optimization_curve,
+            show_curve=show_curve,
+            algorithm=algorithm,
+            log_writer=log_writer,
+        )
+    
+    # Save results file locally
+    # Parse and validate results_folder from config (already done above, but ensure it's available)
+    if 'results_folder' not in locals():
+        results_folder = parse_results_folder(cfg_path)
+    
+    # Close log file if handler has one (flush is already called by streamer, but ensure it's closed)
+    if isinstance(handlers[0], PromptLearningHandler) and handlers[0]._log_file_handle:
+        handlers[0].flush()
+    
+    _save_prompt_learning_results_locally(
+        backend_base=backend_base,
+        api_key=synth_key,
+        job_id=job_id,
+        config_path=cfg_path,
+        results_folder=results_folder,
+    )
+
+
+def register(cli: click.Group) -> None:
+    cli.add_command(train_command)