structurize 2.19.0__py3-none-any.whl

avrotize/avrotocsharp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1075 @@
+# pylint: disable=line-too-long
+
+""" AvroToCSharp class for converting Avro schema to C# classes """
+
+import json
+import os
+import re
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Tuple, Union, cast
+import uuid
+
+from avrotize.common import build_flat_type_dict, inline_avro_references, is_generic_avro_type, pascal, process_template
+from avrotize.constants import (
+    CSHARP_AVRO_VERSION,
+    NEWTONSOFT_JSON_VERSION,
+    SYSTEM_TEXT_JSON_VERSION,
+    SYSTEM_MEMORY_DATA_VERSION,
+    NUNIT_VERSION,
+    NUNIT_ADAPTER_VERSION,
+    MSTEST_SDK_VERSION,
+)
+import glob
+
+JsonNode = Dict[str, 'JsonNode'] | List['JsonNode'] | str | None
+
+
+INDENT = '    '
+
+AVRO_CLASS_PREAMBLE = \
+"""
+public {type_name}(global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord obj)
+{
+    global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord self = this;
+    for (int i = 0; obj.Schema.Fields.Count > i; ++i)
+    {
+        self.Put(i, obj.GetValue(i));
+    }
+}
+"""
+
+class AvroToCSharp:
+    """ Converts Avro schema to C# classes """
+
+    def __init__(self, base_namespace: str = '') -> None:
+        self.base_namespace = base_namespace
+        self.project_name: str = ''  # Optional explicit project name, separate from namespace
+        self.schema_doc: JsonNode = None
+        self.output_dir = os.getcwd()
+        self.pascal_properties = False
+        self.system_text_json_annotation = False
+        self.newtonsoft_json_annotation = False
+        self.system_xml_annotation = False
+        self.avro_annotation = False
+        self.generated_types: Dict[str,str] = {}
+        self.generated_avro_types: Dict[str, Dict[str, Union[str, Dict, List]]] = {}
+        self.type_dict: Dict[str, Dict] = {}
+
+    def get_qualified_name(self, namespace: str, name: str) -> str:
+        """ Concatenates namespace and name with a dot separator """
+        return f"{namespace}.{name}" if namespace != '' else name
+
+    def concat_namespace(self, namespace: str, name: str) -> str:
+        """ Concatenates namespace and name with a dot separator """
+        if namespace and name:
+            return f"{namespace}.{name}"
+        elif namespace:
+            return namespace
+        else:
+            return name
+
+    def map_primitive_to_csharp(self, avro_type: str) -> str:
+        """ Maps Avro primitive types to C# types """
+        mapping = {
+            'null': 'void',  # Placeholder, actual handling for nullable types is in the union logic
+            'boolean': 'bool',
+            'int': 'int',
+            'long': 'long',
+            'float': 'float',
+            'double': 'double',
+            'bytes': 'byte[]',
+            'string': 'string',
+        }
+        qualified_class_name = 'global::'+self.get_qualified_name(pascal(self.base_namespace), pascal(avro_type))
+        if qualified_class_name in self.generated_avro_types:
+            result = qualified_class_name
+        else:
+            result = mapping.get(avro_type, 'object')
+        return result
+
+    def is_csharp_reserved_word(self, word: str) -> bool:
+        """ Checks if a word is a reserved C# keyword """
+        reserved_words = [
+            'abstract', 'as', 'base', 'bool', 'break', 'byte', 'case', 'catch', 'char', 'checked', 'class', 'const',
+            'continue', 'decimal', 'default', 'delegate', 'do', 'double', 'else', 'enum', 'event', 'explicit', 'extern',
+            'false', 'finally', 'fixed', 'float', 'for', 'foreach', 'goto', 'if', 'implicit', 'in', 'int', 'interface',
+            'internal', 'is', 'lock', 'long', 'namespace', 'new', 'null', 'object', 'operator', 'out', 'override',
+            'params', 'private', 'protected', 'public', 'readonly', 'ref', 'return', 'sbyte', 'sealed', 'short', 'sizeof',
+            'stackalloc', 'static', 'string', 'struct', 'switch', 'this', 'throw', 'true', 'try', 'typeof', 'uint', 'ulong',
+            'unchecked', 'unsafe', 'ushort', 'using', 'virtual', 'void', 'volatile', 'while'
+        ]
+        return word in reserved_words
+
+    def is_csharp_primitive_type(self, csharp_type: str) -> bool:
+        """ Checks if an Avro type is a C# primitive type """
+        if csharp_type.endswith('?'):
+            csharp_type = csharp_type[:-1]
+        return csharp_type in ['null', 'bool', 'int', 'long', 'float', 'double', 'bytes', 'string', 'DateTime', 'decimal', 'short', 'sbyte', 'ushort', 'uint', 'ulong', 'byte[]', 'object']
+
+    def map_csharp_primitive_to_clr_type(self, cs_type: str) -> str:
+        """ Maps C# primitive types to CLR types"""
+        map = {
+            "int": "Int32",
+            "long": "Int64",
+            "float": "Single",
+            "double": "Double",
+            "decimal": "Decimal",
+            "short": "Int16",
+            "sbyte": "SByte",
+            "ushort": "UInt16",
+            "uint": "UInt32",
+            "ulong": "UInt64"
+        }
+        return map.get(cs_type, cs_type)
+
+    def convert_avro_type_to_csharp(self, class_name: str, field_name: str, avro_type: JsonNode, parent_namespace: str) -> str:
+        """ Converts Avro type to C# type """
+        if isinstance(avro_type, str):
+            return self.map_primitive_to_csharp(avro_type)
+        elif isinstance(avro_type, list):
+            # Handle nullable types and unions
+            if is_generic_avro_type(avro_type):
+                return 'Dictionary<string, object>'
+            else:
+                non_null_types = [t for t in avro_type if t != 'null']
+                if len(non_null_types) == 1:
+                    # Nullable type
+                    return f"{self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name, non_null_types[0], parent_namespace)}?"
+                else:
+                    return self.generate_embedded_union(class_name, field_name, non_null_types, parent_namespace, write_file=True)
+        elif isinstance(avro_type, dict):
+            # Handle complex types: records, enums, arrays, and maps
+            if avro_type['type'] in ['record', 'enum']:
+                return self.generate_class_or_enum(avro_type, parent_namespace, write_file=True)
+            elif avro_type['type'] == 'array':
+                return f"List<{self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name+'List', avro_type['items'], parent_namespace)}>"
+            elif avro_type['type'] == 'map':
+                return f"Dictionary<string, {self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name, avro_type['values'], parent_namespace)}>"
+            return self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name, avro_type['type'], parent_namespace)
+        return 'object'
+
+    def generate_class_or_enum(self, avro_schema: Dict, parent_namespace: str, write_file: bool = True) -> str:
+        """ Generates a Class or Enum """
+        if avro_schema['type'] == 'record':
+            return self.generate_class(avro_schema, parent_namespace, write_file)
+        elif avro_schema['type'] == 'enum':
+            return self.generate_enum(avro_schema, parent_namespace, write_file)
+        return ''
+
+    def generate_class(self, avro_schema: Dict, parent_namespace: str, write_file: bool) -> str:
+        """ Generates a Class """
+        class_definition = ''
+        avro_namespace = avro_schema.get('namespace', parent_namespace)
+        if not 'namespace' in avro_schema:
+            avro_schema['namespace'] = parent_namespace
+        xml_namespace = avro_schema.get('xmlns', None)
+        namespace = pascal(self.concat_namespace(self.base_namespace, avro_namespace))
+        class_name = pascal(avro_schema['name'])
+        ref = 'global::'+self.get_qualified_name(namespace, class_name)
+        if ref in self.generated_types:
+            return ref
+
+        class_definition += f"/// <summary>\n/// { avro_schema.get('doc', class_name ) }\n/// </summary>\n"
+
+        # Add XML serialization attribute for the class if enabled
+        if self.system_xml_annotation:
+            if xml_namespace:
+                class_definition += f"[XmlRoot(\"{class_name}\", Namespace=\"{xml_namespace}\")]\n"
+            else:
+                class_definition += f"[XmlRoot(\"{class_name}\")]\n"
+
+        fields_str = [self.generate_property(field, class_name, avro_namespace) for field in avro_schema.get('fields', [])]
+        class_body = "\n".join(fields_str)
+        class_definition += f"public partial class {class_name}"
+        if self.avro_annotation:
+            class_definition += " : global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord"
+        class_definition += "\n{\n"+class_body
+        class_definition += f"\n{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Default constructor\n{INDENT}///</summary>\n"
+        class_definition += f"{INDENT}public {class_name}()\n{INDENT}{{\n{INDENT}}}"
+        if self.avro_annotation:
+            class_definition += f"\n\n{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Constructor from Avro GenericRecord\n{INDENT}///</summary>\n"
+            class_definition += f"{INDENT}public {class_name}(global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord obj)\n{INDENT}{{\n"
+            class_definition += f"{INDENT*2}global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord self = this;\n"
+            class_definition += f"{INDENT*2}for (int i = 0; obj.Schema.Fields.Count > i; ++i)\n{INDENT*2}{{\n"
+            class_definition += f"{INDENT*3}self.Put(i, obj.GetValue(i));\n{INDENT*2}}}\n{INDENT}}}\n"
+        if self.avro_annotation:
+            
+            local_avro_schema = inline_avro_references(avro_schema.copy(), self.type_dict, '')
+            avro_schema_json = json.dumps(local_avro_schema)
+            # wrap schema at 80 characters
+            avro_schema_json = avro_schema_json.replace('"', '§')
+            avro_schema_json = f"\"+\n{INDENT}\"".join(
+                [avro_schema_json[i:i+80] for i in range(0, len(avro_schema_json), 80)])
+            avro_schema_json = avro_schema_json.replace('§', '\\"')
+            class_definition += f"\n\n{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Avro schema for this class\n{INDENT}/// </summary>"
+            class_definition += f"\n{INDENT}public static global::Avro.Schema AvroSchema = global::Avro.Schema.Parse(\n{INDENT}\"{avro_schema_json}\");\n"
+            class_definition += f"\n{INDENT}global::Avro.Schema global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord.Schema => AvroSchema;\n"
+            get_method = f"{INDENT}object global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord.Get(int fieldPos)\n" + \
+                INDENT+"{"+f"\n{INDENT*2}switch (fieldPos)\n{INDENT*2}" + "{"
+            put_method = f"{INDENT}void global::Avro.Specific.ISpecificRecord.Put(int fieldPos, object fieldValue)\n" + \
+                INDENT+"{"+f"\n{INDENT*2}switch (fieldPos)\n{INDENT*2}"+"{"
+            for pos, field in enumerate(avro_schema.get('fields', [])):
+                field_name = field['name']
+                if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(field_name):
+                    field_name = f"@{field_name}"
+                field_type = self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name, field['type'], avro_namespace)
+                if self.pascal_properties:
+                    field_name = pascal(field_name)
+                if field_name == class_name:
+                    field_name += "_"
+                if field_type in self.generated_types:
+                    if self.generated_types[field_type] == "union":
+                        get_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: return this.{field_name}?.ToObject();"
+                        put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: this.{field_name} = {field_type}.FromObject(fieldValue); break;"
+                    elif self.generated_types[field_type] == "enum":
+                        get_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: return ({field_type})this.{field_name};"
+                        put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: this.{field_name} = fieldValue is global::Avro.Generic.GenericEnum?Enum.Parse<{field_type}>(((global::Avro.Generic.GenericEnum)fieldValue).Value):({field_type})fieldValue; break;"
+                    elif self.generated_types[field_type] == "class":
+                        get_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: return this.{field_name};"
+                        put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: this.{field_name} = fieldValue is global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord?new {field_type}((global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord)fieldValue):({field_type})fieldValue; break;"
+                else:
+                    get_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: return this.{field_name};"
+                    if field_type.startswith("List<"):
+                        inner_type = field_type.strip()[5:-2] if field_type[-1] == '?' else field_type[5:-1]
+                        if inner_type in self.generated_types:
+                            if self.generated_types[inner_type] == "class":
+                                put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: this.{field_name} = fieldValue is Object[]?((Object[])fieldValue).Select(x => new {inner_type}((global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord)x)).ToList():({field_type})fieldValue; break;"
+                            else:
+                                put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: this.{field_name} = fieldValue is Object[]?((Object[])fieldValue).Select(x => ({inner_type})x).ToList():({field_type})fieldValue; break;"
+                        else:
+                            put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: this.{field_name} = fieldValue is Object[]?((Object[])fieldValue).Select(x => ({inner_type})x).ToList():({field_type})fieldValue; break;"
+                    else:
+                        put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}case {pos}: this.{field_name} = ({field_type})fieldValue; break;"
+            get_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}default: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException($\"Bad index {{fieldPos}} in Get()\");"
+            put_method += f"\n{INDENT*3}default: throw new global::Avro.AvroRuntimeException($\"Bad index {{fieldPos}} in Put()\");"
+            get_method += "\n"+INDENT+INDENT+"}\n"+INDENT+"}"
+            put_method += "\n"+INDENT+INDENT+"}\n"+INDENT+"}"
+            class_definition += f"\n{get_method}\n{put_method}\n"
+
+        # emit helper methods
+        class_definition += process_template(
+            "avrotocsharp/dataclass_core.jinja",
+            class_name=class_name,
+            avro_annotation=self.avro_annotation,
+            system_text_json_annotation=self.system_text_json_annotation,
+            newtonsoft_json_annotation=self.newtonsoft_json_annotation,
+            system_xml_annotation=self.system_xml_annotation, 
+            json_match_clauses=self.create_is_json_match_clauses(avro_schema, avro_namespace, class_name)
+        )
+
+        # emit Equals and GetHashCode for value equality
+        class_definition += self.generate_equals_and_gethashcode(avro_schema, class_name, avro_namespace)
+
+        class_definition += "\n"+"}"
+
+        if write_file:
+            self.write_to_file(namespace, class_name, class_definition)
+
+        self.generated_types[ref] = "class"
+        self.generated_avro_types[ref] = avro_schema
+        return ref
+
+    def create_is_json_match_clauses(self, avro_schema, parent_namespace, class_name) -> List[str]:
+        """ Generates the IsJsonMatch method for System.Text.Json """
+        clauses: List[str] = []
+        for field in avro_schema.get('fields', []):
+            field_name = field['name']
+            if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(field_name):
+                field_name = f"@{field_name}"
+            if field_name == class_name:
+                field_name += "_"
+            field_type = self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(
+                    class_name, field_name, field['type'], parent_namespace)
+            clauses.append(self.get_is_json_match_clause(class_name, field_name, field_type))
+        if len(clauses) == 0:
+            clauses.append("true")
+        return clauses
+
+    def get_is_json_match_clause(self, class_name, field_name, field_type) -> str:
+        """ Generates the IsJsonMatch clause for a field """
+        class_definition = ''
+        field_name_js = field_name[1:] if field_name[0] == '@' else field_name
+        is_optional = field_type[-1] == '?'
+        field_type = field_type[:-1] if is_optional else field_type
+        if field_type == 'byte[]':
+            class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} ({field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.String){f' || {field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type == 'string':
+            class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} ({field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.String){f' || {field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type in ['int', 'long', 'float', 'double', 'decimal', 'short', 'sbyte', 'ushort', 'uint', 'ulong']:
+            class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} ({field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Number){f' || {field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type == 'bool':
+            class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} ({field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.True || {field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.False){f' || {field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type.startswith("global::"):
+            type_kind = self.generated_types[field_type] if field_type in self.generated_types else "class"
+            if type_kind == "class":
+                class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} ({f'{field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null || ' if is_optional else ''}{field_type}.IsJsonMatch({field_name})))"
+            elif type_kind == "enum":
+                class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} ({f'{field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null ||' if is_optional else ''}({field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.String && Enum.TryParse<{field_type}>({field_name}.GetString(), true, out _ ))))"
+        else:
+            is_union = False
+            field_union = pascal(field_name)+'Union'
+            if field_type == field_union:
+                field_union = class_name+"."+pascal(field_name)+'Union'
+                type_kind = self.generated_types[field_union] if field_union in self.generated_types else "class"
+                if type_kind == "union":
+                    is_union = True
+                    class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} ({f'{field_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null || ' if is_optional else ''}{field_type}.IsJsonMatch({field_name})))"
+            if not is_union:
+                class_definition += f"({'!' if is_optional else ''}element.TryGetProperty(\"{field_name_js}\", out System.Text.Json.JsonElement {field_name}) {'||' if is_optional else '&&'} true )"
+        return class_definition
+
+    def get_is_json_match_clause_type(self, element_name, class_name, field_type) -> str:
+        """ Generates the IsJsonMatch clause for a field """
+        class_definition = ''
+        is_optional = field_type[-1] == '?'
+        field_type = field_type[:-1] if is_optional else field_type
+        if field_type == 'byte[]':
+            class_definition += f"({element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.String{f' || {element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type == 'string':
+            class_definition += f"({element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.String{f' || {element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type in ['int', 'long', 'float', 'double', 'decimal', 'short', 'sbyte', 'ushort', 'uint', 'ulong']:
+            class_definition += f"({element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Number{f' || {element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type == 'bool':
+            class_definition += f"({element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.True || {element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.False{f' || {element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        elif field_type.startswith("global::"):
+            type_kind = self.generated_types[field_type] if field_type in self.generated_types else "class"
+            if type_kind == "class":
+                class_definition += f"({f'{element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null || ' if is_optional else ''}{field_type}.IsJsonMatch({element_name}))"
+            elif type_kind == "enum":
+                class_definition += f"({f'{element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null ||' if is_optional else ''}({element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.String && Enum.TryParse<{field_type}>({element_name}.GetString(), true, out _ )))"
+        else:
+            is_union = False
+            field_union = pascal(element_name)+'Union'
+            if field_type == field_union:
+                field_union = class_name+"."+pascal(element_name)+'Union'
+                type_kind = self.generated_types[field_union] if field_union in self.generated_types else "class"
+                if type_kind == "union":
+                    is_union = True
+                    class_definition += f"({f'{element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null || ' if is_optional else ''}{field_type}.IsJsonMatch({element_name})))"
+            if not is_union:
+                class_definition += f"({element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Object{f' || {element_name}.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.Null' if is_optional else ''})"
+        return class_definition
+
+    def generate_equals_and_gethashcode(self, avro_schema: Dict, class_name: str, parent_namespace: str) -> str:
+        """ Generates Equals and GetHashCode methods for value equality """
+        code = "\n"
+        fields = avro_schema.get('fields', [])
+        
+        if not fields:
+            # Empty class - simple implementation
+            code += f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT}public override bool Equals(object? obj)\n{INDENT}{{\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT*2}return obj is {class_name};\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT}}}\n\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Serves as the default hash function.\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT}public override int GetHashCode()\n{INDENT}{{\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT*2}return 0;\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT}}}\n"
+            return code
+        
+        # Generate Equals method
+        code += f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n"
+        code += f"{INDENT}public override bool Equals(object? obj)\n{INDENT}{{\n"
+        code += f"{INDENT*2}if (obj is not {class_name} other) return false;\n"
+        
+        # Build equality comparisons for each field
+        equality_checks = []
+        for field in fields:
+            field_name = field['name']
+            if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(field_name):
+                field_name = f"@{field_name}"
+            if self.pascal_properties:
+                field_name = pascal(field_name)
+            if field_name == class_name:
+                field_name += "_"
+            
+            field_type = self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name, field['type'], parent_namespace)
+            
+            # Handle different types of comparisons
+            if field_type == 'byte[]' or field_type == 'byte[]?':
+                # Byte arrays need special handling
+                equality_checks.append(f"System.Linq.Enumerable.SequenceEqual({field_name} ?? Array.Empty<byte>(), other.{field_name} ?? Array.Empty<byte>())")
+            elif field_type.startswith('List<') or field_type.startswith('Dictionary<'):
+                # Collections need sequence comparison
+                if field_type.endswith('?'):
+                    equality_checks.append(f"(({field_name} == null && other.{field_name} == null) || ({field_name} != null && other.{field_name} != null && {field_name}.SequenceEqual(other.{field_name})))")
+                else:
+                    equality_checks.append(f"{field_name}.SequenceEqual(other.{field_name})")
+            else:
+                # Use Equals for reference types, == for value types
+                if field_type.endswith('?') or not self.is_csharp_primitive_type(field_type):
+                    equality_checks.append(f"Equals({field_name}, other.{field_name})")
+                else:
+                    equality_checks.append(f"{field_name} == other.{field_name}")
+        
+        # Join all checks with &&
+        if len(equality_checks) == 1:
+            code += f"{INDENT*2}return {equality_checks[0]};\n"
+        else:
+            code += f"{INDENT*2}return " + f"\n{INDENT*3}&& ".join(equality_checks) + ";\n"
+        
+        code += f"{INDENT}}}\n\n"
+        
+        # Generate GetHashCode method
+        code += f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Serves as the default hash function.\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n"
+        code += f"{INDENT}public override int GetHashCode()\n{INDENT}{{\n"
+        
+        # Collect field names for HashCode.Combine
+        hash_fields = []
+        for field in fields:
+            field_name = field['name']
+            if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(field_name):
+                field_name = f"@{field_name}"
+            if self.pascal_properties:
+                field_name = pascal(field_name)
+            if field_name == class_name:
+                field_name += "_"
+            
+            field_type = self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name, field['type'], parent_namespace)
+            
+            # Handle special types that need custom hash code computation
+            if field_type == 'byte[]' or field_type == 'byte[]?':
+                hash_fields.append(f"({field_name} != null ? System.Convert.ToBase64String({field_name}).GetHashCode() : 0)")
+            elif field_type.startswith('List<') or field_type.startswith('Dictionary<'):
+                # For collections, compute hash from elements
+                if field_type.endswith('?'):
+                    hash_fields.append(f"({field_name} != null ? {field_name}.Aggregate(0, (acc, item) => HashCode.Combine(acc, item)) : 0)")
+                else:
+                    hash_fields.append(f"{field_name}.Aggregate(0, (acc, item) => HashCode.Combine(acc, item))")
+            else:
+                hash_fields.append(field_name)
+        
+        # HashCode.Combine supports up to 8 parameters
+        if len(hash_fields) <= 8:
+            code += f"{INDENT*2}return HashCode.Combine({', '.join(hash_fields)});\n"
+        else:
+            # For more than 8 fields, use HashCode.Add
+            code += f"{INDENT*2}var hash = new HashCode();\n"
+            for field in hash_fields:
+                code += f"{INDENT*2}hash.Add({field});\n"
+            code += f"{INDENT*2}return hash.ToHashCode();\n"
+        
+        code += f"{INDENT}}}\n"
+        
+        return code
+
+    def generate_enum(self, avro_schema: Dict, parent_namespace: str, write_file: bool) -> str:
+        """ Generates an Enum """
+        enum_definition = ''
+        namespace = pascal(self.concat_namespace(
+            self.base_namespace, avro_schema.get('namespace', parent_namespace)))
+        xml_namespace = avro_schema.get('xmlns', None)
+        enum_name = pascal(avro_schema['name'])
+        ref = 'global::'+self.get_qualified_name(namespace, enum_name)
+        if ref in self.generated_types:
+            return ref
+
+        enum_definition += f"/// <summary>\n/// {avro_schema.get('doc', enum_name )}\n/// </summary>\n"
+
+        # Add XML serialization attribute for the enum if enabled
+        if self.system_xml_annotation:
+            if xml_namespace:
+                enum_definition += f"[XmlType(\"{enum_name}\", Namespace=\"{xml_namespace}\")]\n"
+            else:
+                enum_definition += f"[XmlType(\"{enum_name}\")]\n"
+
+        if self.system_xml_annotation:
+            symbols_str = [f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// {symbol}\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n{INDENT}[XmlEnum(Name=\"{symbol}\")]\n{INDENT}{symbol}" for symbol in avro_schema['symbols']]
+        else:
+            symbols_str = [f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// {symbol}\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n{INDENT}{symbol}" for symbol in avro_schema['symbols']]
+        enum_body = ",\n".join(symbols_str)
+        enum_definition += f"public enum {enum_name}\n{{\n{enum_body}\n}}"
+
+        if write_file:
+            self.write_to_file(namespace, enum_name, enum_definition)
+        ref = 'global::'+self.get_qualified_name(namespace, enum_name)
+        self.generated_types[ref] = "enum"
+        self.generated_avro_types[ref] = avro_schema
+        return ref
+
+    def generate_embedded_union(self, class_name: str, field_name: str, avro_type: List, parent_namespace: str, write_file: bool) -> str:
+        """ Generates an embedded Union Class """
+
+        class_definition_ctors = class_definition_decls = class_definition_read = ''
+        class_definition_write = class_definition = class_definition_toobject = ''
+        class_definition_objctr = class_definition_genericrecordctor = ''
+        namespace = pascal(self.concat_namespace(self.base_namespace, parent_namespace))
+        list_is_json_match: List [str] = []
+        union_class_name = pascal(field_name)+'Union'
+        ref = class_name+'.'+union_class_name
+
+        union_types = [self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name+"Option"+str(i), t, parent_namespace) for i,t in enumerate(avro_type)]
+        for i, union_type in enumerate(union_types):
+            is_dict = is_list = False
+            if union_type.startswith("Dictionary<"):
+                # get the type information from the dictionary
+                is_dict = True
+                match = re.findall(r"Dictionary<(.+)\s*,\s*(.+)>", union_type)
+                union_type_name = "Map" + pascal(match[0][1].rsplit('.', 1)[-1])
+            elif union_type.startswith("List<"):
+                # get the type information from the list
+                is_list = True
+                match = re.findall(r"List<(.+)>", union_type)
+                union_type_name = "Array" + pascal(match[0].rsplit('.', 1)[-1])
+            elif union_type == "byte[]":
+                union_type_name = "bytes"
+            else:
+                union_type_name = union_type.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
+            if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(union_type_name):
+                union_type_name = f"@{union_type_name}"
+            class_definition_objctr += f"{INDENT*3}if (obj is {union_type})\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}self.{union_type_name} = ({union_type})obj;\n{INDENT*4}return self;\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+            if union_type in self.generated_types and self.generated_types[union_type] == "class":
+                class_definition_genericrecordctor += f"{INDENT*3}if (obj.Schema.Fullname == {union_type}.AvroSchema.Fullname)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}this.{union_type_name} = new {union_type}(obj);\n{INDENT*4}return;\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+            class_definition_ctors += \
+                f"{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Constructor for {union_type_name} values\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+                f"{INDENT*2}public {union_class_name}({union_type}? {union_type_name})\n{INDENT*2}{{\n{INDENT*3}this.{union_type_name} = {union_type_name};\n{INDENT*2}}}\n"
+            class_definition_decls += \
+                f"{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Gets the {union_type_name} value\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+                f"{INDENT*2}public {union_type}? {union_type_name} {{ get; set; }} = null;\n"
+            class_definition_toobject += f"{INDENT*3}if ({union_type_name} != null) {{\n{INDENT*4}return {union_type_name};\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+
+            if self.system_text_json_annotation:
+                if is_dict:
+                    class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Object)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n" + \
+                            f"{INDENT*4}var map = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<{union_type}>(element, options);\n" + \
+                            f"{INDENT*4}if (map != null) {{ return new {union_class_name}(map); }} else {{ throw new NotSupportedException(); }};\n" + \
+                            f"{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                elif is_list:
+                    class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Array)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n" + \
+                            f"{INDENT*4}var map = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Deserialize<{union_type}>(element, options);\n" + \
+                            f"{INDENT*4}if (map != null) {{ return new {union_class_name}(map); }} else {{ throw new NotSupportedException(); }};\n" + \
+                            f"{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                elif self.is_csharp_primitive_type(union_type):
+                    if union_type == "byte[]":
+                        class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}(element.GetBytesFromBase64());\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                    if union_type == "string":
+                        class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}(element.GetString());\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                    elif union_type in ['int', 'long', 'float', 'double', 'decimal', 'short', 'sbyte', 'ushort', 'uint', 'ulong']:
+                        class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.Number)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}(element.Get{self.map_csharp_primitive_to_clr_type(union_type)}());\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                    elif union_type == "bool":
+                        class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.True || element.ValueKind == System.Text.Json.JsonValueKind.False)\n{INDENT*2}{{\n{INDENT*3}return new {union_class_name}(element.GetBoolean());\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                    elif union_type == "DateTime":
+                        class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}(System.DateTime.Parse(element.GetString()));\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                    elif union_type == "DateTimeOffset":
+                        class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}(System.DateTimeOffset.Parse(element.GetString()));\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                else:
+                    if union_type.startswith("global::"):
+                        type_kind = self.generated_types[union_type] if union_type in self.generated_types else "class"
+                        if type_kind == "class":
+                            class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if ({union_type}.IsJsonMatch(element))\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}({union_type}.FromData(element, System.Net.Mime.MediaTypeNames.Application.Json));\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                        elif type_kind == "enum":
+                            class_definition_read += f"{INDENT*3}if (element.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String && Enum.TryParse<{union_type}>(element.GetString(), true, out _ ))\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}(Enum.Parse<{union_type}>(element.GetString()));\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                class_definition_write += f"{INDENT*3}{'else ' if i>0 else ''}if (value.{union_type_name} != null)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(writer, value.{union_type_name}, options);\n{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+                gij = self.get_is_json_match_clause_type("element", class_name, union_type)
+                if gij:
+                    list_is_json_match.append(gij)
+
+        class_definition = \
+            f"/// <summary>\n/// {class_name}. Type union resolver. \n/// </summary>\n" + \
+            f"public partial class {class_name}\n{{\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// Union class for {field_name}\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n"
+        if self.system_xml_annotation:
+            class_definition += \
+                f"{INDENT}[XmlRoot(\"{union_class_name}\")]\n"
+        if self.system_text_json_annotation:
+            class_definition += \
+                f"{INDENT}[System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof({union_class_name}))]\n"
+        class_definition += \
+            f"{INDENT}public sealed class {union_class_name}"
+        if self.system_text_json_annotation:
+            class_definition += f": System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter<global::{namespace}.{class_name}.{union_class_name}>"
+        class_definition += f"\n{INDENT}{{\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Default constructor\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*2}public {union_class_name}() {{ }}\n"
+        class_definition += class_definition_ctors
+        if self.avro_annotation:
+            class_definition += \
+                f"{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Constructor for Avro decoder\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+                f"{INDENT*2}internal static {union_class_name} FromObject(object obj)\n{INDENT*2}{{\n"
+            if class_definition_genericrecordctor:
+                class_definition += \
+                    f"{INDENT*3}if (obj is global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord)\n{INDENT*3}{{\n" + \
+                    f"{INDENT*4}return new {union_class_name}((global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord)obj);\n" + \
+                    f"{INDENT*3}}}\n"
+            class_definition += \
+                f"{INDENT*3}var self = new {union_class_name}();\n" + \
+                class_definition_objctr + \
+                f"{INDENT*3}throw new NotSupportedException(\"No record type matched the type\");\n" + \
+                f"{INDENT*2}}}\n"
+            if class_definition_genericrecordctor:
+                class_definition += f"\n{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Constructor from Avro GenericRecord\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+                    f"{INDENT*2}public {union_class_name}(global::Avro.Generic.GenericRecord obj)\n{INDENT*2}{{\n" + \
+                    class_definition_genericrecordctor + \
+                    f"{INDENT*3}throw new NotSupportedException(\"No record type matched the type\");\n" + \
+                    f"{INDENT*2}}}\n"
+        class_definition += \
+            class_definition_decls + \
+            f"\n{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Yields the current value of the union\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+            f"\n{INDENT*2}public Object ToObject()\n{INDENT*2}{{\n" + \
+            class_definition_toobject+ \
+            f"{INDENT*3}throw new NotSupportedException(\"No record type is set in the union\");\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*2}}}\n"
+        if self.system_text_json_annotation:
+            class_definition += \
+                f"\n{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Reads the JSON representation of the object.\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+                f"{INDENT*2}public override {union_class_name}? Read(ref Utf8JsonReader reader, System.Type typeToConvert, JsonSerializerOptions options)\n{INDENT*2}{{\n{INDENT*3}var element = JsonElement.ParseValue(ref reader);\n" + \
+                class_definition_read + \
+                f"{INDENT*3}throw new NotSupportedException(\"No record type matched the JSON data\");\n{INDENT*2}}}\n" + \
+                f"\n{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Writes the JSON representation of the object.\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+                f"{INDENT*2}public override void Write(Utf8JsonWriter writer, {union_class_name} value, JsonSerializerOptions options)\n{INDENT*2}{{\n" + \
+                class_definition_write + \
+                f"{INDENT*3}else\n{INDENT*3}{{\n{INDENT*4}throw new NotSupportedException(\"No record type is set in the union\");\n{INDENT*3}}}\n{INDENT*2}}}\n" + \
+                f"\n{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Checks if the JSON element matches the schema\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+                f"{INDENT*2}public static bool IsJsonMatch(System.Text.Json.JsonElement element)\n{INDENT*2}{{" + \
+                f"\n{INDENT*3}return "+f"\n{INDENT*3} || ".join(list_is_json_match)+f";\n{INDENT*2}}}\n"
+        
+        # Generate Equals and GetHashCode for the union class
+        # Build list of property names for comparison
+        union_property_names = []
+        for union_type in union_types:
+            if union_type.startswith("Dictionary<"):
+                match = re.findall(r"Dictionary<(.+)\s*,\s*(.+)>", union_type)
+                union_property_names.append("Map" + pascal(match[0][1].rsplit('.', 1)[-1]))
+            elif union_type.startswith("List<"):
+                match = re.findall(r"List<(.+)>", union_type)
+                union_property_names.append("Array" + pascal(match[0].rsplit('.', 1)[-1]))
+            elif union_type == "byte[]":
+                union_property_names.append("bytes")
+            else:
+                prop_name = union_type.rsplit('.', 1)[-1]
+                if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(prop_name):
+                    prop_name = f"@{prop_name}"
+                union_property_names.append(prop_name)
+        
+        equals_conditions = " && ".join([f"Equals({name}, other.{name})" for name in union_property_names])
+        
+        # HashCode.Combine only accepts up to 8 arguments, so we need to chain calls for larger unions
+        def generate_hashcode_expression(props: list) -> str:
+            if len(props) <= 8:
+                return f"HashCode.Combine({', '.join(props)})"
+            else:
+                # Chain HashCode.Combine calls: Combine(Combine(first 7...), next 7...)
+                first_batch = props[:7]
+                remaining = props[7:]
+                inner = generate_hashcode_expression(remaining)
+                return f"HashCode.Combine({', '.join(first_batch)}, {inner})"
+        
+        hashcode_expression = generate_hashcode_expression(union_property_names)
+        
+        class_definition += \
+            f"\n{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Determines whether the specified object is equal to the current object.\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*2}public override bool Equals(object? obj)\n{INDENT*2}{{\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*3}if (obj is not {union_class_name} other) return false;\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*3}return {equals_conditions};\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*2}}}\n" + \
+            f"\n{INDENT*2}/// <summary>\n{INDENT*2}/// Serves as the default hash function.\n{INDENT*2}/// </summary>\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*2}public override int GetHashCode()\n{INDENT*2}{{\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*3}return {hashcode_expression};\n" + \
+            f"{INDENT*2}}}\n"
+        
+        class_definition += f"{INDENT}}}\n}}"
+
+        if write_file:
+            self.write_to_file(namespace, class_name +"."+union_class_name, class_definition)
+
+        self.generated_types[ref] = "union" # it doesn't matter if the names clash, we just need to know whether it's a union
+        return ref
+
+    def find_type(self, kind: str, avro_schema: JsonNode, type_name: str, type_namespace: str, parent_namespace = '') -> JsonNode:
+        """ recursively find the type (kind 'record' or 'enum') in the schema """
+        if isinstance(avro_schema, list):
+            for s in avro_schema:
+                found = self.find_type(kind, s, type_name, type_namespace, parent_namespace)
+                if found:
+                    return found
+        elif isinstance(avro_schema, dict):
+            if avro_schema.get('type') == kind and avro_schema.get('name') == type_name and avro_schema.get('namespace', parent_namespace) == type_namespace:
+                return avro_schema
+            parent_namespace = avro_schema.get('namespace', parent_namespace)
+            if 'fields' in avro_schema and isinstance(avro_schema['fields'], list):
+                for field in avro_schema['fields']:
+                    if isinstance(field, dict) and 'type' in field:
+                        # Recursively search within field types (including union arrays)
+                        found = self.find_type(kind, field['type'], type_name, type_namespace, parent_namespace)
+                        if found:
+                            return found
+        return None
+
+    def is_enum_type(self, avro_type: Union[str, Dict, List]) -> bool:
+        """ Checks if a type is an enum (including nullable enums) """
+        if isinstance(avro_type, str):
+            schema = self.schema_doc
+            name = avro_type.split('.')[-1]
+            namespace = ".".join(avro_type.split('.')[:-1])
+            return self.find_type('enum', schema, name, namespace) is not None
+        elif isinstance(avro_type, list):
+            # Check for nullable enum: ["null", <enum-type>] or [<enum-type>, "null"]
+            non_null_types = [t for t in avro_type if t != 'null']
+            if len(non_null_types) == 1:
+                return self.is_enum_type(non_null_types[0])
+            return False
+        elif isinstance(avro_type, dict):
+            return avro_type.get('type') == 'enum'
+        return False
+
+    def generate_property(self, field: Dict, class_name: str, parent_namespace: str) -> str:
+        """ Generates a property """
+        is_enum_type = self.is_enum_type(field['type'])
+        field_type = self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(
+            class_name, field['name'], field['type'], parent_namespace)
+        field_default = field.get('const', field.get('default', None))
+        annotation_name = field_name = field['name']
+        if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(field_name):
+            field_name = f"@{field_name}"
+        if self.pascal_properties:
+            field_name = pascal(field_name)
+        if field_name == class_name:
+            field_name += "_"
+        prop = ''
+        prop += f"{INDENT}/// <summary>\n{INDENT}/// { field.get('doc', field_name) }\n{INDENT}/// </summary>\n"
+        
+        # Add XML serialization attribute if enabled
+        if self.system_xml_annotation:
+            xmlkind = field.get('xmlkind', 'element')
+            if xmlkind == 'element':
+                prop += f"{INDENT}[XmlElement(\"{annotation_name}\")]\n"
+            elif xmlkind == 'attribute':
+                prop += f"{INDENT}[XmlAttribute(\"{annotation_name}\")]\n"
+        
+        if self.system_text_json_annotation:
+            prop += f"{INDENT}[System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonPropertyName(\"{annotation_name}\")]\n"
+            if is_enum_type:
+                prop += f"{INDENT}[System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof(JsonStringEnumConverter))]\n"
+            if field_type.endswith("Union") and not field_type.startswith("global::"):
+                prop += f"{INDENT}[System.Text.Json.Serialization.JsonConverter(typeof({field_type}))]\n"
+        if self.newtonsoft_json_annotation:
+            prop += f"{INDENT}[Newtonsoft.Json.JsonProperty(\"{annotation_name}\")]\n"
+        
+        # Determine initialization value
+        initialization = ""
+        if field_default is not None:
+            # Has explicit default value
+            if is_enum_type:
+                # For enum types, use qualified enum value (e.g., Type.Circle)
+                # Get the base enum type name (strip nullable ? suffix if present)
+                enum_type = field_type.rstrip('?')
+                initialization = f" = {enum_type}.{field_default};"
+            elif isinstance(field_default, str):
+                initialization = f" = \"{field_default}\";"
+            else:
+                initialization = f" = {field_default};"
+        elif field_type == "string":
+            # Non-nullable string without default should be initialized to empty string
+            initialization = " = string.Empty;"
+        elif not field_type.endswith("?") and field_type.startswith("List<"):
+            # Non-nullable List should be initialized to empty list
+            initialization = " = new();"
+        elif not field_type.endswith("?") and field_type.startswith("Dictionary<"):
+            # Non-nullable Dictionary should be initialized to empty dictionary
+            initialization = " = new();"
+        elif not field_type.endswith("?") and field_type.startswith("global::") and not self.is_csharp_primitive_type(field_type):
+            # Non-nullable custom reference types should be initialized with new instance
+            initialization = " = new();"
+        
+        prop += f"{INDENT}public {field_type} {field_name} {{ get; set; }}{initialization}"
+        return prop
+
+    def write_to_file(self, namespace: str, name: str, definition: str):
+        """ Writes the class or enum to a file """
+        directory_path = os.path.join(
+            self.output_dir, os.path.join('src', namespace.replace('.', os.sep)))
+        if not os.path.exists(directory_path):
+            os.makedirs(directory_path, exist_ok=True)
+        file_path = os.path.join(directory_path, f"{name}.cs")
+
+        with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+            # Common using statements (add more as needed)
+            file_content = "using System;\nusing System.Collections.Generic;\n"
+            file_content += "using System.Linq;\n"
+            if self.system_text_json_annotation:
+                file_content += "using System.Text.Json;\n"
+                file_content += "using System.Text.Json.Serialization;\n"
+            if self.newtonsoft_json_annotation:
+                file_content += "using Newtonsoft.Json;\n"
+            if self.system_xml_annotation:  # Add XML serialization using directive
+                file_content += "using System.Xml.Serialization;\n"
+
+            if namespace:
+                # Namespace declaration with correct indentation for the definition
+                file_content += f"\nnamespace {namespace}\n{{\n"
+                indented_definition = '\n'.join(
+                    [f"{INDENT}{line}" for line in definition.split('\n')])
+                file_content += f"{indented_definition}\n}}"
+            else:
+                file_content += definition
+            file.write(file_content)
+
+    def generate_tests(self, output_dir: str) -> None:
+        """ Generates unit tests for all the generated C# classes and enums """
+        test_directory_path = os.path.join(output_dir, "test")
+        if not os.path.exists(test_directory_path):
+            os.makedirs(test_directory_path, exist_ok=True)
+
+        for class_name, type_kind in self.generated_types.items():
+            if type_kind in ["class", "enum"]:
+                self.generate_test_class(class_name, type_kind, test_directory_path)
+
+    def generate_test_class(self, class_name: str, type_kind: str, test_directory_path: str) -> None:
+        """ Generates a unit test class for a given C# class or enum """
+        avro_schema:Dict[str,JsonNode] = cast(Dict[str,JsonNode], self.generated_avro_types.get(class_name, {}))
+        if class_name.startswith("global::"):
+            class_name = class_name[8:]
+        test_class_name = f"{class_name.split('.')[-1]}Tests"
+        namespace = ".".join(class_name.split('.')[:-1])
+        class_base_name = class_name.split('.')[-1]
+
+        if type_kind == "class":
+            fields = self.get_class_test_fields(avro_schema, class_base_name)
+            test_class_definition = process_template(
+                "avrotocsharp/class_test.cs.jinja",
+                namespace=namespace,
+                test_class_name=test_class_name,
+                class_base_name=class_base_name,
+                fields=fields,
+                avro_annotation=self.avro_annotation,
+                system_xml_annotation=self.system_xml_annotation,
+                system_text_json_annotation=self.system_text_json_annotation,
+                newtonsoft_json_annotation=self.newtonsoft_json_annotation
+            )
+        elif type_kind == "enum":
+            test_class_definition = process_template(
+                "avrotocsharp/enum_test.cs.jinja",
+                namespace=namespace,
+                test_class_name=test_class_name,
+                enum_base_name=class_base_name,
+                symbols=avro_schema.get('symbols', []),
+                avro_annotation=self.avro_annotation,
+                system_xml_annotation=self.system_xml_annotation,
+                system_text_json_annotation=self.system_text_json_annotation,
+                newtonsoft_json_annotation=self.newtonsoft_json_annotation
+            )
+
+        test_file_path = os.path.join(test_directory_path, f"{test_class_name}.cs")
+        with open(test_file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as test_file:
+            test_file.write(test_class_definition)
+
+    def get_class_test_fields(self, avro_schema: Dict[str,JsonNode], class_name: str) -> List[Any]:
+        """ Retrieves fields for a given class name """
+
+        class Field:
+            def __init__(self, fn: str, ft:str, tv:Any, ct: bool, pm: bool, ie: bool):
+                self.field_name = fn
+                self.field_type = ft
+                self.test_value = tv
+                self.is_const = ct
+                self.is_primitive = pm
+                self.is_enum = ie
+
+        fields: List[Field] = []
+        if avro_schema and 'fields' in avro_schema:
+            for field in cast(List[Dict[str,JsonNode]],avro_schema['fields']):
+                field_name = str(field['name'])
+                if self.pascal_properties:
+                    field_name = pascal(field_name)
+                if field_name == class_name:
+                    field_name += "_"
+                if self.is_csharp_reserved_word(field_name):
+                    field_name = f"@{field_name}"
+                field_type = self.convert_avro_type_to_csharp(class_name, field_name, field['type'], str(avro_schema.get('namespace', '')))
+                is_class = field_type in self.generated_types and self.generated_types[field_type] == "class"
+                is_enum = self.is_enum_type(field['type'])
+                f = Field(field_name,
+                          field_type,
+                          (self.get_test_value(field_type) if not "const" in field else '\"'+str(field["const"])+'\"'),
+                          "const" in field and field["const"] is not None,
+                          not is_class,
+                          is_enum)
+                fields.append(f)
+        return cast(List[Any], fields)
+
+    def get_test_value(self, csharp_type: str) -> str:
+        """Returns a default test value based on the Avro type"""
+        # For nullable object types, return typed null to avoid var issues
+        if csharp_type == "object?":
+            return "(object?)null"
+        
+        test_values = {
+            'string': '"test_string"',
+            'bool': 'true',
+            'int': '42',
+            'long': '42L',
+            'float': '3.14f',
+            'double': '3.14',
+            'decimal': '3.14d',
+            'byte[]': 'new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03 }',
+            'null': 'null',
+            'Date': 'new Date()',
+            'DateTime': 'DateTime.UtcNow()',
+            'Guid': 'Guid.NewGuid()'
+        }
+        if csharp_type.endswith('?'):
+            csharp_type = csharp_type[:-1]
+        return test_values.get(csharp_type, f'new {csharp_type}()')
+
+    def convert_schema(self, schema: JsonNode, output_dir: str):
+        """ Converts Avro schema to C# """
+        if not isinstance(schema, list):
+            schema = [schema]
+
+        # Determine project name: use explicit project_name if set, otherwise derive from base_namespace
+        if self.project_name and self.project_name.strip():
+            # Use explicitly set project name
+            project_name = self.project_name
+        else:
+            # Fall back to using base_namespace as project name
+            project_name = self.base_namespace
+            if not project_name or project_name.strip() == '':
+                # Derive from output directory name as fallback
+                project_name = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(output_dir))
+                if not project_name or project_name.strip() == '':
+                    project_name = 'Generated'
+                # Clean up the project name
+                project_name = project_name.replace('-', '_').replace(' ', '_')
+                # Update base_namespace to match (only if it was empty)
+                self.base_namespace = project_name
+                import warnings
+                warnings.warn(f"No namespace provided, using '{project_name}' derived from output directory", UserWarning)
+        
+        self.schema_doc = schema
+        self.type_dict = build_flat_type_dict(self.schema_doc)
+        if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
+            os.makedirs(output_dir, exist_ok=True)
+        if not glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, "src", "*.sln")):
+            sln_file = os.path.join(
+                output_dir, f"{project_name}.sln")
+            if not os.path.exists(sln_file):
+                if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(sln_file)):
+                    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(sln_file))
+                with open(sln_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+                    file.write(process_template(
+                        "avrotocsharp/project.sln.jinja", 
+                        project_name=project_name, 
+                        uuid=lambda:str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                        avro_annotation=self.avro_annotation,
+                        system_xml_annotation=self.system_xml_annotation,
+                        system_text_json_annotation=self.system_text_json_annotation,
+                        newtonsoft_json_annotation=self.newtonsoft_json_annotation))
+        if not glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, "src", "*.csproj")):
+            csproj_file = os.path.join(
+                output_dir, "src", f"{pascal(project_name)}.csproj")
+            if not os.path.exists(csproj_file):
+                if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(csproj_file)):
+                    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(csproj_file))
+                with open(csproj_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+                    file.write(process_template(
+                        "avrotocsharp/project.csproj.jinja",
+                        project_name=project_name, 
+                        avro_annotation=self.avro_annotation,
+                        system_xml_annotation=self.system_xml_annotation,
+                        system_text_json_annotation=self.system_text_json_annotation,
+                        newtonsoft_json_annotation=self.newtonsoft_json_annotation,
+                        CSHARP_AVRO_VERSION=CSHARP_AVRO_VERSION,
+                        NEWTONSOFT_JSON_VERSION=NEWTONSOFT_JSON_VERSION,
+                        SYSTEM_TEXT_JSON_VERSION=SYSTEM_TEXT_JSON_VERSION,
+                        SYSTEM_MEMORY_DATA_VERSION=SYSTEM_MEMORY_DATA_VERSION,
+                        NUNIT_VERSION=NUNIT_VERSION,
+                        NUNIT_ADAPTER_VERSION=NUNIT_ADAPTER_VERSION,
+                        MSTEST_SDK_VERSION=MSTEST_SDK_VERSION))
+        if not glob.glob(os.path.join(output_dir, "test", "*.csproj")):
+            csproj_test_file = os.path.join(
+                output_dir, "test", f"{pascal(project_name)}.Test.csproj")
+            if not os.path.exists(csproj_test_file):
+                if not os.path.exists(os.path.dirname(csproj_test_file)):
+                    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(csproj_test_file))
+                with open(csproj_test_file, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+                    file.write(process_template(
+                        "avrotocsharp/testproject.csproj.jinja", 
+                        project_name=project_name,
+                        avro_annotation=self.avro_annotation,
+                        system_xml_annotation=self.system_xml_annotation,
+                        system_text_json_annotation=self.system_text_json_annotation,
+                        newtonsoft_json_annotation=self.newtonsoft_json_annotation,
+                        NUNIT_VERSION=NUNIT_VERSION,
+                        NUNIT_ADAPTER_VERSION=NUNIT_ADAPTER_VERSION,
+                        MSTEST_SDK_VERSION=MSTEST_SDK_VERSION))
+
+        self.output_dir = output_dir
+        for avro_schema in (avs for avs in schema if isinstance(avs, dict)):
+            self.generate_class_or_enum(avro_schema, '')
+        self.generate_tests(output_dir)
+
+    def convert(self, avro_schema_path: str, output_dir: str):
+        """ Converts Avro schema to C# """
+        with open(avro_schema_path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
+            schema = json.load(file)
+        self.convert_schema(schema, output_dir)
+
+
+def convert_avro_to_csharp(
+    avro_schema_path, 
+    cs_file_path, 
+    base_namespace='',
+    project_name='',
+    pascal_properties=False, 
+    system_text_json_annotation=False, 
+    newtonsoft_json_annotation=False, 
+    system_xml_annotation=False,  # New parameter
+    avro_annotation=False
+):
+    """Converts Avro schema to C# classes
+
+    Args:
+        avro_schema_path (str): Avro input schema path
+        cs_file_path (str): Output C# file path
+        base_namespace (str, optional): Base namespace. Defaults to ''.
+        project_name (str, optional): Explicit project name for .csproj files (separate from namespace). Defaults to ''.
+        pascal_properties (bool, optional): Pascal case properties. Defaults to False.
+        system_text_json_annotation (bool, optional): Use System.Text.Json annotations. Defaults to False.
+        newtonsoft_json_annotation (bool, optional): Use Newtonsoft.Json annotations. Defaults to False.
+        system_xml_annotation (bool, optional): Use System.Xml.Serialization annotations. Defaults to False.
+        avro_annotation (bool, optional): Use Avro annotations. Defaults to False.
+    """
+
+    if not base_namespace:
+        base_namespace = os.path.splitext(os.path.basename(cs_file_path))[0].replace('-', '_')
+    avrotocs = AvroToCSharp(base_namespace)
+    avrotocs.project_name = project_name
+    avrotocs.pascal_properties = pascal_properties
+    avrotocs.system_text_json_annotation = system_text_json_annotation
+    avrotocs.newtonsoft_json_annotation = newtonsoft_json_annotation
+    avrotocs.system_xml_annotation = system_xml_annotation  # Set the flag
+    avrotocs.avro_annotation = avro_annotation
+    avrotocs.convert(avro_schema_path, cs_file_path)
+
+
+def convert_avro_schema_to_csharp(
+    avro_schema: JsonNode, 
+    output_dir: str, 
+    base_namespace: str = '',
+    project_name: str = '',
+    pascal_properties: bool = False, 
+    system_text_json_annotation: bool = False, 
+    newtonsoft_json_annotation: bool = False, 
+    system_xml_annotation: bool = False,  # New parameter
+    avro_annotation: bool = False
+):
+    """Converts Avro schema to C# classes
+
+    Args:
+        avro_schema (JsonNode): Avro schema to convert
+        output_dir (str): Output directory
+        base_namespace (str, optional): Base namespace for the generated classes. Defaults to ''.
+        project_name (str, optional): Explicit project name for .csproj files (separate from namespace). Defaults to ''.
+        pascal_properties (bool, optional): Pascal case properties. Defaults to False.
+        system_text_json_annotation (bool, optional): Use System.Text.Json annotations. Defaults to False.
+        newtonsoft_json_annotation (bool, optional): Use Newtonsoft.Json annotations. Defaults to False.
+        system_xml_annotation (bool, optional): Use System.Xml.Serialization annotations. Defaults to False.
+        avro_annotation (bool, optional): Use Avro annotations. Defaults to False.
+    """
+    avrotocs = AvroToCSharp(base_namespace)
+    avrotocs.project_name = project_name
+    avrotocs.pascal_properties = pascal_properties
+    avrotocs.system_text_json_annotation = system_text_json_annotation
+    avrotocs.newtonsoft_json_annotation = newtonsoft_json_annotation
+    avrotocs.system_xml_annotation = system_xml_annotation  # Set the flag
+    avrotocs.avro_annotation = avro_annotation
+    avrotocs.convert_schema(avro_schema, output_dir)