structuralcodes 0.5.0__py3-none-any.whl → 0.6.0__py3-none-any.whl

structuralcodes/geometry/_steel_sections.py

@@ -1,2155 +0,0 @@
-"""Utility functions for importing standard steel profiles."""
-
-import numpy as np
-from shapely import (
-    LinearRing,
-    LineString,
-    Point,
-    Polygon,
-    get_geometry,
-    polygonize,
-    set_precision,
-)
-from shapely.affinity import rotate, scale, translate
-from shapely.geometry.polygon import orient
-from shapely.ops import linemerge, split, unary_union
-
-from structuralcodes.sections.section_integrators._marin_integration import (
-    marin_integration,
-)
-
-
-class BaseProfile:
-    """Base class representing a profile.
-
-    Contains the common code for all sections.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self):
-        """Creates an empty base profile."""
-        self._polygon: Polygon = None
-        self._A: float = None
-        self._Iy: float = None
-        self._Iz: float = None
-        self._Icsi: float = None
-        self._Ieta: float = None
-        self._Iyz: float = None
-        self._Wely: float = None
-        self._Welz: float = None
-        self._iy: float = None
-        self._iz: float = None
-        self._Wply: float = None
-        self._Wplz: float = None
-
-    def _check_polygon_defined(self):
-        """Just checks if polygon attribute is defined.
-
-        If the polygon is not defined (it should never happen), an exception
-        is Raised.
-        """
-        # The polygon attribute should be already defined
-        if self._polygon is None:
-            raise RuntimeError(
-                'The polygon for some reason was not correctly defined.'
-            )
-
-    def _find_plastic_neutral_axis_y(self) -> float:
-        """Find posizion z of plastic neutral axes parallel to y.
-
-        We use bisection algorithm within the section limits.
-        """
-        bounds = self.polygon.bounds
-        zmin, zmax = bounds[1], bounds[3]
-
-        zA = zmin
-        zB = zmax
-
-        daA = self._find_delta_area_above_minus_below(z=zA)
-
-        ITMAX = 200
-        it = 0
-
-        while (it < ITMAX) and (abs(zB - zA) > (zmax - zmin) * 1e-10):
-            zC = (zA + zB) / 2.0
-            daC = self._find_delta_area_above_minus_below(z=zC)
-            if abs(daC) < 1e-10:
-                break
-            if daA * daC < 0:
-                # The solution is between A and C
-                zB = zC
-            else:
-                # The solution is between C and B
-                zA = zC
-                daA = daC
-            it += 1
-        if it >= ITMAX:
-            s = f'Last iteration reached a unbalance of {daC}'
-            raise ValueError(f'Maximum number of iterations reached.\n{s}')
-
-        return zC
-
-    def _find_delta_area_above_minus_below(self, z: float) -> float:
-        """Returns area difference between above and below parts.
-
-        Above and below parts are computed splitting the polygon with a line
-        parallel to Y axes at z coordinate.
-        """
-        bounds = self._polygon.bounds
-        xmax = max(abs(bounds[0]), bounds[2])
-        line = LineString([[-xmax * 1.05, z], [xmax * 1.05, z]])
-
-        area_above = 0
-        area_below = 0
-        # divide polygons "above" and "below" line
-        if line.intersects(self._polygon):
-            result = split(self._polygon, line)
-            # divide polygons "above" and "below" line
-            for geom in result.geoms:
-                if LinearRing(
-                    (line.coords[0], line.coords[1], geom.centroid.coords[0])
-                ).is_ccw:
-                    area_above += geom.area
-                else:
-                    area_below += geom.area
-        else:
-            # not intersecting, all the polygon is above or below the line
-            geom = self.polygon
-            if LinearRing(
-                (line.coords[0], line.coords[1], geom.centroid.coords[0])
-            ).is_ccw:
-                area_above += geom.area
-            else:
-                area_below += geom.area
-        return area_above - area_below
-
-    def _find_principals_direction_and_moments(self):
-        """Computes principal direction and second area moments."""
-        eigres = np.linalg.eig(
-            np.array([[self.Iy, self.Iyz], [self.Iyz, self.Iz]])
-        )
-        max_idx = np.argmax(eigres[0])
-        min_idx = 0 if max_idx == 1 else 1
-        self._Icsi = eigres[0][max_idx]
-        self._Ieta = eigres[0][min_idx]
-        self._theta = np.arccos(
-            np.dot(np.array([1, 0]), eigres[1][:, max_idx])
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def A(self) -> float:
-        """Returns area of profile."""
-        if self._A is None:
-            # Check if the polygon is defined
-            self._check_polygon_defined()
-            # Get the polygon coordinates:
-            xy = self._polygon.exterior.coords.xy
-            # Compute area
-            self._A = marin_integration(xy[0], xy[1], 0, 0)
-        return self._A
-
-    @property
-    def Iy(self) -> float:
-        """Returns second moment of area around y axis."""
-        if self._Iy is None:
-            # Check if the polygon is defined
-            self._check_polygon_defined()
-            # Get the polygon coordinates:
-            xy = self._polygon.exterior.coords.xy
-            # Compute second moments of inertia
-            self._Iy = marin_integration(xy[0], xy[1], 0, 2)
-        return self._Iy
-
-    @property
-    def Iz(self) -> float:
-        """Returns second moment of area around z axis."""
-        if self._Iz is None:
-            # Check if the polygon is defined
-            self._check_polygon_defined()
-            # Get the polygon coordinates:
-            xy = self._polygon.exterior.coords.xy
-            # Compute second moments of inertia
-            self._Iz = marin_integration(xy[0], xy[1], 2, 0)
-        return self._Iz
-
-    @property
-    def Iyz(self) -> float:
-        """Returns product moment of inertia."""
-        if self._Iyz is None:
-            # Check if the polygon is defined
-            self._check_polygon_defined()
-            # Get the polygon coordinates:
-            xy = self._polygon.exterior.coords.xy
-            # Compute product moment of area
-            self._Iyz = marin_integration(xy[0], xy[1], 1, 1)
-        return self._Iyz
-
-    @property
-    def Icsi(self) -> float:
-        """Returns second moment of area around principal csi axis.
-
-        It is assumed that Icsi is maximum second moment, while Ieta is the
-        minimum one.
-        """
-        if self._Icsi is None:
-            self._find_principals_direction_and_moments()
-        return self._Icsi
-
-    @property
-    def Ieta(self) -> float:
-        """Returns second moment of area around principal eta axis.
-
-        It is assumed that Icsi is maximum second moment, while Ieta is the
-        minimum one.
-        """
-        if self._Ieta is None:
-            self._find_principals_direction_and_moments()
-        return self._Ieta
-
-    @property
-    def theta(self) -> float:
-        """Returns angle between x and principal eta axis.
-
-        It is assumed that Icsi is maximum second moment, while Ieta is the
-        minimum one.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: The angle in radians.
-        """
-        if self._theta is None:
-            self._find_principals_direction_and_moments()
-        return self._theta
-
-    def _compute_elastic_moduli(self):
-        """Compute elastic moduli Wely and Welz."""
-        # Check if the polygon is defined
-        self._check_polygon_defined()
-        # For computing section modulus get bounds
-        bounds = self._polygon.bounds
-        xmax = max(abs(bounds[0]), bounds[2])
-        ymax = max(abs(bounds[1]), bounds[3])
-        # Then compute section modulus
-        self._Wely = self.Iy / ymax
-        self._Welz = self.Iz / xmax
-
-    @property
-    def Wely(self) -> float:
-        """Returns section modulus in y direction."""
-        if self._Wely is None:
-            # Compute elastic moduli
-            self._compute_elastic_moduli()
-        return self._Wely
-
-    @property
-    def Welz(self) -> float:
-        """Returns section modulus in z direction."""
-        if self._Welz is None:
-            # Compute elastic moduli
-            self._compute_elastic_moduli()
-        return self._Welz
-
-    @property
-    def Wply(self) -> float:
-        """Returns plastic section modulus in y direction."""
-        if self._Wply is None:
-            # Check if the polygon is defined
-            self._check_polygon_defined()
-            # For computing section modulus get bounds
-            bounds = self._polygon.bounds
-            xmax = max(abs(bounds[0]), bounds[2])
-            # Compute plastic section modulus
-            # find plastic neutral axis parallel to y
-            self._Wply = 0
-            z_pna = self._find_plastic_neutral_axis_y()
-            poly = translate(self._polygon, xoff=0, yoff=-z_pna)
-            result = split(
-                poly,
-                LineString([[-xmax * 1.05, 0], [xmax * 1.05, 0]]),
-            )
-            for poly in result.geoms:
-                xy = poly.exterior.coords.xy
-                self._Wply += abs(marin_integration(xy[0], xy[1], 0, 1))
-        return self._Wply
-
-    @property
-    def Wplz(self) -> float:
-        """Returns plastic section modulus in z direction."""
-        if self._Wplz is None:
-            # Check if the polygon is defined
-            self._check_polygon_defined()
-            # For computing section modulus get bounds
-            bounds = self._polygon.bounds
-            ymax = max(abs(bounds[1]), bounds[3])
-            # Compute plastic section modulus
-            # # find plastic neutral axis parallel to z
-            self._polygon = rotate(geom=self._polygon, angle=90, origin=(0, 0))
-            self._Wplz = 0
-            y_pna = self._find_plastic_neutral_axis_y()
-            poly = translate(self._polygon, xoff=0, yoff=-y_pna)
-            result = split(
-                poly,
-                LineString([[-ymax * 1.05, 0], [ymax * 1.05, 0]]),
-            )
-            for poly in result.geoms:
-                xy = poly.exterior.coords.xy
-                self._Wplz += abs(marin_integration(xy[0], xy[1], 0, 1))
-            self._polygon = rotate(
-                geom=self._polygon, angle=-90, origin=(0, 0)
-            )
-        return self._Wplz
-
-    @property
-    def iy(self) -> float:
-        """Returns radius of inertia of profile."""
-        # Compute radius of inertia
-        self._iy = self._iy or (self.Iy / self.A) ** 0.5
-        return self._iy
-
-    @property
-    def iz(self) -> float:
-        """Returns radius of inertia of profile."""
-        # Compute radius of inertia
-        self._iz = self._iz or (self.Iz / self.A) ** 0.5
-        return self._iz
-
-
-class IPE(BaseProfile):
-    """Simple class for representing an IPE profile.
-
-    IPE 80-600 in accordance with standard Euronorm 19-57.
-    """
-
-    parameters = {
-        'IPE80': {'h': 80.0, 'b': 46.0, 'tw': 3.8, 'tf': 5.2, 'r': 5.0},
-        'IPE100': {'h': 100.0, 'b': 55.0, 'tw': 4.1, 'tf': 5.7, 'r': 7.0},
-        'IPE120': {'h': 120.0, 'b': 64.0, 'tw': 4.4, 'tf': 6.3, 'r': 7.0},
-        'IPE140': {'h': 140.0, 'b': 73.0, 'tw': 4.7, 'tf': 6.9, 'r': 7.0},
-        'IPE160': {'h': 160.0, 'b': 82.0, 'tw': 5.0, 'tf': 7.4, 'r': 9.0},
-        'IPE180': {'h': 180.0, 'b': 91.0, 'tw': 5.3, 'tf': 8.0, 'r': 9.0},
-        'IPE200': {'h': 200.0, 'b': 100.0, 'tw': 5.6, 'tf': 8.5, 'r': 12.0},
-        'IPE220': {'h': 220.0, 'b': 110.0, 'tw': 5.9, 'tf': 9.2, 'r': 12.0},
-        'IPE240': {'h': 240.0, 'b': 120.0, 'tw': 6.2, 'tf': 9.8, 'r': 15.0},
-        'IPE270': {'h': 270.0, 'b': 135.0, 'tw': 6.6, 'tf': 10.2, 'r': 15.0},
-        'IPE300': {'h': 300.0, 'b': 150.0, 'tw': 7.1, 'tf': 10.7, 'r': 15.0},
-        'IPE330': {'h': 330.0, 'b': 160.0, 'tw': 7.5, 'tf': 11.5, 'r': 18.0},
-        'IPE360': {'h': 360.0, 'b': 170.0, 'tw': 8.0, 'tf': 12.7, 'r': 18.0},
-        'IPE400': {'h': 400.0, 'b': 180.0, 'tw': 8.6, 'tf': 13.5, 'r': 21.0},
-        'IPE450': {'h': 450.0, 'b': 190.0, 'tw': 9.4, 'tf': 14.6, 'r': 21.0},
-        'IPE500': {'h': 500.0, 'b': 200.0, 'tw': 10.2, 'tf': 16.0, 'r': 21.0},
-        'IPE550': {'h': 550.0, 'b': 210.0, 'tw': 11.1, 'tf': 17.2, 'r': 24.0},
-        'IPE600': {'h': 600.0, 'b': 220.0, 'tw': 12.0, 'tf': 19.0, 'r': 24.0},
-    }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_polygon(cls, name: str) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns a shapely polygon representing an IPE section."""
-        if isinstance(name, (float, int)):
-            name = f'IPE{int(name):0d}'
-        parameters = cls.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in IPE sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{cls.profiles()})"
-            )
-        return _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def profiles(cls) -> list:
-        """Returns a list containing all available profiles."""
-        return list(cls.parameters.keys())
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Creates a new IPE object."""
-        if isinstance(name, (float, int)):
-            name = f'IPE{int(name):0d}'
-        parameters = self.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in IPE sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{self.profiles()})"
-            )
-        super().__init__()
-        self._h = parameters.get('h')
-        self._b = parameters.get('b')
-        self._tw = parameters.get('tw')
-        self._tf = parameters.get('tf')
-        self._r = parameters.get('r')
-        self._polygon = _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @property
-    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns shapely Polygon of section.
-
-        Returns:
-            Polygon: The represention of the IPE section.
-        """
-        return self._polygon
-
-    @property
-    def h(self) -> float:
-        """Returns height of IPE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Height h of IPE section.
-        """
-        return self._h
-
-    @property
-    def b(self) -> float:
-        """Returns width of IPE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Width b of IPE section.
-        """
-        return self._b
-
-    @property
-    def tw(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of web of IPE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Web thickness tw of IPE section.
-        """
-        return self._tw
-
-    @property
-    def tf(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of flange of IPE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Flange thickness tw of IPE section.
-        """
-        return self._tf
-
-    @property
-    def r(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of IPE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r of IPE section.
-        """
-        return self._r
-
-
-class HE(BaseProfile):
-    """Simple class for representing an HE profile.
-
-    HE A, HE B, HE M 100-1000 in accordance with Standard Euronorm 53-62.
-    """
-
-    parameters = {
-        'HEA100': {'h': 96.0, 'b': 100.0, 'tw': 5.0, 'tf': 8.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEA120': {'h': 114.0, 'b': 120.0, 'tw': 5.0, 'tf': 8.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEA140': {'h': 133.0, 'b': 140.0, 'tw': 5.5, 'tf': 8.5, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEA160': {'h': 152.0, 'b': 160.0, 'tw': 6.0, 'tf': 9.0, 'r': 15.0},
-        'HEA180': {'h': 171.0, 'b': 180.0, 'tw': 6.0, 'tf': 9.5, 'r': 15.0},
-        'HEA200': {'h': 190.0, 'b': 200.0, 'tw': 6.5, 'tf': 10.0, 'r': 18.0},
-        'HEA220': {'h': 210.0, 'b': 220.0, 'tw': 7.0, 'tf': 11.0, 'r': 18.0},
-        'HEA240': {'h': 230.0, 'b': 240.0, 'tw': 7.5, 'tf': 12.0, 'r': 21.0},
-        'HEA260': {'h': 250.0, 'b': 260.0, 'tw': 7.5, 'tf': 12.5, 'r': 24.0},
-        'HEA280': {'h': 270.0, 'b': 280.0, 'tw': 8.0, 'tf': 13.0, 'r': 24.0},
-        'HEA300': {'h': 290.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 8.5, 'tf': 14.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA320': {'h': 310.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 9.0, 'tf': 15.5, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA340': {'h': 330.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 9.5, 'tf': 16.5, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA360': {'h': 350.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 10.0, 'tf': 17.5, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA400': {'h': 390.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 11.0, 'tf': 19.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA450': {'h': 440.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 11.5, 'tf': 21.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA500': {'h': 490.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 12.0, 'tf': 23.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA550': {'h': 540.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 12.5, 'tf': 24.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA600': {'h': 590.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 13.0, 'tf': 25.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA650': {'h': 640.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 13.5, 'tf': 26.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA700': {'h': 690.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 14.5, 'tf': 27.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEA800': {'h': 790.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 15.0, 'tf': 28.0, 'r': 30.0},
-        'HEA900': {'h': 890.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 16.0, 'tf': 30.0, 'r': 30.0},
-        'HEA1000': {'h': 990.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 16.5, 'tf': 31.0, 'r': 30.0},
-        'HEB100': {'h': 100.0, 'b': 100.0, 'tw': 6.0, 'tf': 10.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEB120': {'h': 120.0, 'b': 120.0, 'tw': 6.5, 'tf': 11.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEB140': {'h': 140.0, 'b': 140.0, 'tw': 7.0, 'tf': 12.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEB160': {'h': 160.0, 'b': 160.0, 'tw': 8.0, 'tf': 13.0, 'r': 15.0},
-        'HEB180': {'h': 180.0, 'b': 180.0, 'tw': 8.5, 'tf': 14.0, 'r': 15.0},
-        'HEB200': {'h': 200.0, 'b': 200.0, 'tw': 9.0, 'tf': 15.0, 'r': 18.0},
-        'HEB220': {'h': 220.0, 'b': 220.0, 'tw': 9.5, 'tf': 16.0, 'r': 18.0},
-        'HEB240': {'h': 240.0, 'b': 240.0, 'tw': 10.0, 'tf': 17.0, 'r': 21.0},
-        'HEB260': {'h': 260.0, 'b': 260.0, 'tw': 10.0, 'tf': 17.5, 'r': 24.0},
-        'HEB280': {'h': 280.0, 'b': 280.0, 'tw': 10.5, 'tf': 18.0, 'r': 24.0},
-        'HEB300': {'h': 300.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 11.0, 'tf': 19.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB320': {'h': 320.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 11.5, 'tf': 20.5, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB340': {'h': 340.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 12.0, 'tf': 21.5, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB360': {'h': 360.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 12.5, 'tf': 22.5, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB400': {'h': 400.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 13.5, 'tf': 24.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB450': {'h': 450.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 14.0, 'tf': 26.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB500': {'h': 500.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 14.5, 'tf': 28.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB550': {'h': 550.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 15.0, 'tf': 29.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB600': {'h': 600.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 15.5, 'tf': 30.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB650': {'h': 650.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 16.0, 'tf': 31.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB700': {'h': 700.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 17.0, 'tf': 32.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEB800': {'h': 800.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 17.5, 'tf': 33.0, 'r': 30.0},
-        'HEB900': {'h': 900.0, 'b': 300.0, 'tw': 18.5, 'tf': 35.0, 'r': 30.0},
-        'HEB1000': {
-            'h': 1000.0,
-            'b': 300.0,
-            'tw': 19.0,
-            'tf': 36.0,
-            'r': 30.0,
-        },
-        'HEM100': {'h': 120.0, 'b': 106.0, 'tw': 12.0, 'tf': 20.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEM120': {'h': 140.0, 'b': 126.0, 'tw': 12.5, 'tf': 21.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEM140': {'h': 160.0, 'b': 146.0, 'tw': 13.0, 'tf': 22.0, 'r': 12.0},
-        'HEM160': {'h': 180.0, 'b': 166.0, 'tw': 14.0, 'tf': 23.0, 'r': 15.0},
-        'HEM180': {'h': 200.0, 'b': 186.0, 'tw': 14.5, 'tf': 24.0, 'r': 15.0},
-        'HEM200': {'h': 220.0, 'b': 206.0, 'tw': 15.0, 'tf': 25.0, 'r': 18.0},
-        'HEM220': {'h': 240.0, 'b': 226.0, 'tw': 15.5, 'tf': 26.0, 'r': 18.0},
-        'HEM240': {'h': 270.0, 'b': 248.0, 'tw': 18.0, 'tf': 32.0, 'r': 21.0},
-        'HEM260': {'h': 290.0, 'b': 268.0, 'tw': 18.0, 'tf': 32.5, 'r': 24.0},
-        'HEM280': {'h': 310.0, 'b': 288.0, 'tw': 18.5, 'tf': 33.0, 'r': 24.0},
-        'HEM300': {'h': 340.0, 'b': 310.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 39.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM320': {'h': 359.0, 'b': 309.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM340': {'h': 377.0, 'b': 309.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM360': {'h': 395.0, 'b': 308.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM400': {'h': 432.0, 'b': 307.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM450': {'h': 478.0, 'b': 307.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM500': {'h': 524.0, 'b': 306.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM550': {'h': 572.0, 'b': 306.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM600': {'h': 620.0, 'b': 305.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM650': {'h': 668.0, 'b': 305.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM700': {'h': 716.0, 'b': 304.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 27.0},
-        'HEM800': {'h': 814.0, 'b': 303.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 30.0},
-        'HEM900': {'h': 910.0, 'b': 302.0, 'tw': 21.0, 'tf': 40.0, 'r': 30.0},
-        'HEM1000': {
-            'h': 1008.0,
-            'b': 302.0,
-            'tw': 21.0,
-            'tf': 40.0,
-            'r': 30.0,
-        },
-    }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_polygon(cls, name: str) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns a shapely polygon representing an HE section."""
-        parameters = cls.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in HE sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{cls.profiles()})"
-            )
-        return _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def profiles(cls) -> list:
-        """Returns a list containing all available profiles."""
-        return list(cls.parameters.keys())
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Creates a new HE object."""
-        parameters = self.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in HE sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{self.profiles()})"
-            )
-        super().__init__()
-        self._h = parameters.get('h')
-        self._b = parameters.get('b')
-        self._tw = parameters.get('tw')
-        self._tf = parameters.get('tf')
-        self._r = parameters.get('r')
-        self._polygon = _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @property
-    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns shapely Polygon of section.
-
-        Returns:
-            Polygon: The represention of the HE section.
-        """
-        return self._polygon
-
-    @property
-    def h(self) -> float:
-        """Returns height of HE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Height h of HE section.
-        """
-        return self._h
-
-    @property
-    def b(self) -> float:
-        """Returns width of HE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Width b of HE section.
-        """
-        return self._b
-
-    @property
-    def tw(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of web of HE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Web thickness tw of HE section.
-        """
-        return self._tw
-
-    @property
-    def tf(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of flange of HE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Flange thickness tw of HE section.
-        """
-        return self._tf
-
-    @property
-    def r(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of HE section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r of HE section.
-        """
-        return self._r
-
-
-class UB(BaseProfile):
-    """Simple class for representing a UB profile.
-
-    Universal Beams.
-    """
-
-    parameters = {
-        'UB127x76x13': {'h': 127.0, 'b': 76.0, 'tw': 4.0, 'tf': 7.6, 'r': 8.0},
-        'UB152x89x16': {'h': 152.0, 'b': 89.0, 'tw': 4.5, 'tf': 7.7, 'r': 8.0},
-        'UB178x102x19': {
-            'h': 178.0,
-            'b': 101.0,
-            'tw': 4.8,
-            'tf': 7.9,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB203x102x23': {
-            'h': 203.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 5.4,
-            'tf': 9.3,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB203x133x25': {
-            'h': 203.0,
-            'b': 133.0,
-            'tw': 5.7,
-            'tf': 7.8,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB203x133x30': {
-            'h': 207.0,
-            'b': 134.0,
-            'tw': 6.4,
-            'tf': 9.6,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB254x102x22': {
-            'h': 254.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 5.7,
-            'tf': 6.8,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB254x102x25': {
-            'h': 257.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 6.0,
-            'tf': 8.4,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB254x102x28': {
-            'h': 260.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 6.3,
-            'tf': 10.0,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB254x146x31': {
-            'h': 251.0,
-            'b': 146.0,
-            'tw': 6.0,
-            'tf': 8.6,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB254x146x37': {
-            'h': 256.0,
-            'b': 146.0,
-            'tw': 6.3,
-            'tf': 10.9,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB254x146x43': {
-            'h': 260.0,
-            'b': 147.0,
-            'tw': 7.2,
-            'tf': 12.7,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x102x25': {
-            'h': 305.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 5.8,
-            'tf': 7.0,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x102x28': {
-            'h': 309.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 6.0,
-            'tf': 8.8,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x102x33': {
-            'h': 313.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 6.6,
-            'tf': 10.8,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x127x37': {
-            'h': 304.0,
-            'b': 123.0,
-            'tw': 7.1,
-            'tf': 10.7,
-            'r': 9.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x127x42': {
-            'h': 307.0,
-            'b': 124.0,
-            'tw': 8.0,
-            'tf': 12.1,
-            'r': 9.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x127x48': {
-            'h': 311.0,
-            'b': 125.0,
-            'tw': 9.0,
-            'tf': 14.0,
-            'r': 9.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x165x40': {
-            'h': 303.0,
-            'b': 165.0,
-            'tw': 6.0,
-            'tf': 10.2,
-            'r': 9.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x165x46': {
-            'h': 307.0,
-            'b': 166.0,
-            'tw': 6.7,
-            'tf': 11.8,
-            'r': 9.0,
-        },
-        'UB305x165x54': {
-            'h': 310.0,
-            'b': 167.0,
-            'tw': 7.9,
-            'tf': 13.7,
-            'r': 9.0,
-        },
-        'UB356x171x45': {
-            'h': 351.0,
-            'b': 171.0,
-            'tw': 7.0,
-            'tf': 9.7,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UB356x171x51': {
-            'h': 355.0,
-            'b': 172.0,
-            'tw': 7.4,
-            'tf': 11.5,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UB356x171x57': {
-            'h': 358.0,
-            'b': 172.0,
-            'tw': 8.1,
-            'tf': 13.0,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-    }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_polygon(cls, name: str) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns a shapely polygon representing a UB section."""
-        parameters = cls.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UB sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{cls.profiles()})"
-            )
-        return _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def profiles(cls) -> list:
-        """Returns a list containing all available profiles."""
-        return list(cls.parameters.keys())
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Creates a new UB object."""
-        parameters = self.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UB sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{self.profiles()})"
-            )
-        super().__init__()
-        self._h = parameters.get('h')
-        self._b = parameters.get('b')
-        self._tw = parameters.get('tw')
-        self._tf = parameters.get('tf')
-        self._r = parameters.get('r')
-        self._polygon = _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @property
-    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns shapely Polygon of section.
-
-        Returns:
-            Polygon: The represention of the UB section.
-        """
-        return self._polygon
-
-    @property
-    def h(self) -> float:
-        """Returns height of UB section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Height h of UB section.
-        """
-        return self._h
-
-    @property
-    def b(self) -> float:
-        """Returns width of UB section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Width b of UB section.
-        """
-        return self._b
-
-    @property
-    def tw(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of web of UB section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Web thickness tw of UB section.
-        """
-        return self._tw
-
-    @property
-    def tf(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of flange of UB section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Flange thickness tw of UB section.
-        """
-        return self._tf
-
-    @property
-    def r(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of UB section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r of UB section.
-        """
-        return self._r
-
-
-class UC(BaseProfile):
-    """Simple class for representing a UC profile.
-
-    Universal Columns.
-    """
-
-    parameters = {
-        'UC152x152x23': {
-            'h': 152.0,
-            'b': 152.0,
-            'tw': 5.8,
-            'tf': 6.8,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UC152x152x30': {
-            'h': 158.0,
-            'b': 153.0,
-            'tw': 6.5,
-            'tf': 9.4,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UC152x152x37': {
-            'h': 162.0,
-            'b': 154.0,
-            'tw': 8.0,
-            'tf': 11.5,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UC152x152x44': {
-            'h': 166.0,
-            'b': 156.0,
-            'tw': 9.5,
-            'tf': 13.6,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UC152x152x51': {
-            'h': 170.0,
-            'b': 157.0,
-            'tw': 11.0,
-            'tf': 15.7,
-            'r': 8.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x46': {
-            'h': 203.0,
-            'b': 204.0,
-            'tw': 7.2,
-            'tf': 11.0,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x52': {
-            'h': 206.0,
-            'b': 204.0,
-            'tw': 7.9,
-            'tf': 12.5,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x60': {
-            'h': 210.0,
-            'b': 206.0,
-            'tw': 9.4,
-            'tf': 14.2,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x71': {
-            'h': 216.0,
-            'b': 206.0,
-            'tw': 10.0,
-            'tf': 17.3,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x86': {
-            'h': 222.0,
-            'b': 209.0,
-            'tw': 12.7,
-            'tf': 20.5,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x100': {
-            'h': 229.0,
-            'b': 210.0,
-            'tw': 14.5,
-            'tf': 23.7,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x113': {
-            'h': 235.0,
-            'b': 212.0,
-            'tw': 16.3,
-            'tf': 26.9,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC203x203x127': {
-            'h': 241.0,
-            'b': 214.0,
-            'tw': 18.1,
-            'tf': 30.1,
-            'r': 13.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x73': {
-            'h': 254.0,
-            'b': 255.0,
-            'tw': 8.6,
-            'tf': 14.2,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x81': {
-            'h': 256.0,
-            'b': 255.0,
-            'tw': 9.4,
-            'tf': 15.6,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x89': {
-            'h': 260.0,
-            'b': 256.0,
-            'tw': 10.3,
-            'tf': 17.3,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x101': {
-            'h': 264.0,
-            'b': 257.0,
-            'tw': 11.9,
-            'tf': 19.6,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x107': {
-            'h': 267.0,
-            'b': 259.0,
-            'tw': 12.8,
-            'tf': 20.5,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x115': {
-            'h': 269.0,
-            'b': 259.0,
-            'tw': 13.5,
-            'tf': 22.1,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x132': {
-            'h': 276.0,
-            'b': 261.0,
-            'tw': 15.3,
-            'tf': 25.3,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x149': {
-            'h': 282.0,
-            'b': 263.0,
-            'tw': 17.3,
-            'tf': 28.4,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC254x254x167': {
-            'h': 289.0,
-            'b': 265.0,
-            'tw': 19.2,
-            'tf': 31.7,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC305x305x97': {
-            'h': 308.0,
-            'b': 305.0,
-            'tw': 9.9,
-            'tf': 15.4,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UC305x305x107': {
-            'h': 311.0,
-            'b': 306.0,
-            'tw': 10.9,
-            'tf': 17.0,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-    }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_polygon(cls, name: str) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns a shapely polygon representing a UC section."""
-        parameters = cls.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UC sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{cls.profiles()})"
-            )
-        return _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def profiles(cls) -> list:
-        """Returns a list containing all available profiles."""
-        return list(cls.parameters.keys())
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Creates a new UC object."""
-        parameters = self.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UC sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{self.profiles()})"
-            )
-        super().__init__()
-        self._h = parameters.get('h')
-        self._b = parameters.get('b')
-        self._tw = parameters.get('tw')
-        self._tf = parameters.get('tf')
-        self._r = parameters.get('r')
-        self._polygon = _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @property
-    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns shapely Polygon of section.
-
-        Returns:
-            Polygon: The represention of the UC section.
-        """
-        return self._polygon
-
-    @property
-    def h(self) -> float:
-        """Returns height of UC section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Height h of UC section.
-        """
-        return self._h
-
-    @property
-    def b(self) -> float:
-        """Returns width of UC section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Width b of UC section.
-        """
-        return self._b
-
-    @property
-    def tw(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of web of UC section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Web thickness tw of UC section.
-        """
-        return self._tw
-
-    @property
-    def tf(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of flange of UC section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Flange thickness tw of UC section.
-        """
-        return self._tf
-
-    @property
-    def r(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of UC section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r of UC section.
-        """
-        return self._r
-
-
-class UBP(BaseProfile):
-    """Simple class for representing a UBP profile.
-
-    Universal Bearing Pile.
-    """
-
-    parameters = {
-        'UBP203x203x45': {
-            'h': 200.0,
-            'b': 206.0,
-            'tw': 9.5,
-            'tf': 9.5,
-            'r': 10.0,
-        },
-        'UBP203x203x54': {
-            'h': 204.0,
-            'b': 208.0,
-            'tw': 11.3,
-            'tf': 11.4,
-            'r': 10.0,
-        },
-        'UBP254x254x63': {
-            'h': 247.0,
-            'b': 257.0,
-            'tw': 10.6,
-            'tf': 10.7,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP254x254x71': {
-            'h': 250.0,
-            'b': 258.0,
-            'tw': 12.0,
-            'tf': 12.0,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP254x254x85': {
-            'h': 254.0,
-            'b': 260.0,
-            'tw': 14.4,
-            'tf': 14.3,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x79': {
-            'h': 299.0,
-            'b': 306.0,
-            'tw': 11.0,
-            'tf': 11.1,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x88': {
-            'h': 302.0,
-            'b': 308.0,
-            'tw': 12.4,
-            'tf': 12.3,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x95': {
-            'h': 304.0,
-            'b': 309.0,
-            'tw': 13.3,
-            'tf': 13.3,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x110': {
-            'h': 308.0,
-            'b': 311.0,
-            'tw': 15.3,
-            'tf': 15.4,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x126': {
-            'h': 312.0,
-            'b': 313.0,
-            'tw': 17.5,
-            'tf': 17.6,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x149': {
-            'h': 318.0,
-            'b': 316.0,
-            'tw': 20.6,
-            'tf': 20.7,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x186': {
-            'h': 328.0,
-            'b': 321.0,
-            'tw': 25.5,
-            'tf': 25.6,
-            'r': 2.0,
-        },
-        'UBP305x305x223': {
-            'h': 338.0,
-            'b': 326.0,
-            'tw': 30.3,
-            'tf': 30.4,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP356x368x109': {
-            'h': 346.0,
-            'b': 371.0,
-            'tw': 12.8,
-            'tf': 12.9,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP356x368x133': {
-            'h': 352.0,
-            'b': 374.0,
-            'tw': 15.6,
-            'tf': 15.7,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP356x368x152': {
-            'h': 356.0,
-            'b': 376.0,
-            'tw': 17.8,
-            'tf': 17.9,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-        'UBP356x368x174': {
-            'h': 361.0,
-            'b': 378.0,
-            'tw': 20.3,
-            'tf': 20.4,
-            'r': 20.0,
-        },
-    }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_polygon(cls, name: str) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns a shapely polygon representing a UBP section."""
-        parameters = cls.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UBP sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{cls.profiles()})"
-            )
-        return _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def profiles(cls) -> list:
-        """Returns a list containing all available profiles."""
-        return list(cls.parameters.keys())
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Creates a new UBP object."""
-        parameters = self.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UBP sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{self.profiles()})"
-            )
-        super().__init__()
-        self._h = parameters.get('h')
-        self._b = parameters.get('b')
-        self._tw = parameters.get('tw')
-        self._tf = parameters.get('tf')
-        self._r = parameters.get('r')
-        self._polygon = _create_I_section(**parameters)
-
-    @property
-    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns shapely Polygon of section.
-
-        Returns:
-            Polygon: The represention of the UBP section.
-        """
-        return self._polygon
-
-    @property
-    def h(self) -> float:
-        """Returns height of UBP section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Height h of UBP section.
-        """
-        return self._h
-
-    @property
-    def b(self) -> float:
-        """Returns width of UBP section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Width b of UBP section.
-        """
-        return self._b
-
-    @property
-    def tw(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of web of UBP section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Web thickness tw of UBP section.
-        """
-        return self._tw
-
-    @property
-    def tf(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of flange of UBP section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Flange thickness tw of UBP section.
-        """
-        return self._tf
-
-    @property
-    def r(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of UBP section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r of UBP section.
-        """
-        return self._r
-
-
-class IPN(BaseProfile):
-    """Simple class for representing an IPN profile.
-
-    IPN in accordance with standard.
-
-    14% slope in flange.
-    """
-
-    parameters = {
-        'IPN80': {
-            'h': 80.0,
-            'b': 42.0,
-            'tw': 3.9,
-            'tf': 5.9,
-            'r1': 3.9,
-            'r2': 2.3,
-            'd': 59.0,
-        },
-        'IPN100': {
-            'h': 100.0,
-            'b': 50.0,
-            'tw': 4.5,
-            'tf': 6.8,
-            'r1': 4.5,
-            'r2': 2.7,
-            'd': 75.7,
-        },
-        'IPN120': {
-            'h': 120.0,
-            'b': 58.0,
-            'tw': 5.1,
-            'tf': 7.7,
-            'r1': 5.1,
-            'r2': 3.1,
-            'd': 92.4,
-        },
-        'IPN140': {
-            'h': 140.0,
-            'b': 66.0,
-            'tw': 5.7,
-            'tf': 8.6,
-            'r1': 5.7,
-            'r2': 3.4,
-            'd': 109.1,
-        },
-        'IPN160': {
-            'h': 160.0,
-            'b': 74.0,
-            'tw': 6.3,
-            'tf': 9.5,
-            'r1': 6.3,
-            'r2': 3.8,
-            'd': 125.8,
-        },
-        'IPN180': {
-            'h': 180.0,
-            'b': 82.0,
-            'tw': 6.9,
-            'tf': 10.4,
-            'r1': 6.9,
-            'r2': 4.1,
-            'd': 142.4,
-        },
-        'IPN200': {
-            'h': 200.0,
-            'b': 90.0,
-            'tw': 7.5,
-            'tf': 11.3,
-            'r1': 7.5,
-            'r2': 4.5,
-            'd': 159.1,
-        },
-        'IPN220': {
-            'h': 220.0,
-            'b': 98.0,
-            'tw': 8.1,
-            'tf': 12.2,
-            'r1': 8.1,
-            'r2': 4.9,
-            'd': 175.8,
-        },
-        'IPN240': {
-            'h': 240.0,
-            'b': 106.0,
-            'tw': 8.7,
-            'tf': 13.1,
-            'r1': 8.7,
-            'r2': 5.2,
-            'd': 192.5,
-        },
-        'IPN260': {
-            'h': 260.0,
-            'b': 113.0,
-            'tw': 9.4,
-            'tf': 14.1,
-            'r1': 9.4,
-            'r2': 5.6,
-            'd': 208.9,
-        },
-        'IPN280': {
-            'h': 280.0,
-            'b': 119.0,
-            'tw': 10.1,
-            'tf': 15.2,
-            'r1': 10.1,
-            'r2': 6.1,
-            'd': 225.1,
-        },
-        'IPN300': {
-            'h': 300.0,
-            'b': 125.0,
-            'tw': 10.8,
-            'tf': 16.2,
-            'r1': 10.8,
-            'r2': 6.5,
-            'd': 241.6,
-        },
-        'IPN320': {
-            'h': 320.0,
-            'b': 131.0,
-            'tw': 11.5,
-            'tf': 17.3,
-            'r1': 11.5,
-            'r2': 6.9,
-            'd': 257.9,
-        },
-        'IPN340': {
-            'h': 340.0,
-            'b': 137.0,
-            'tw': 12.2,
-            'tf': 18.3,
-            'r1': 12.2,
-            'r2': 7.3,
-            'd': 274.3,
-        },
-        'IPN360': {
-            'h': 360.0,
-            'b': 143.0,
-            'tw': 13.0,
-            'tf': 19.5,
-            'r1': 13.0,
-            'r2': 7.8,
-            'd': 290.2,
-        },
-        'IPN380': {
-            'h': 380.0,
-            'b': 149.0,
-            'tw': 13.7,
-            'tf': 20.5,
-            'r1': 13.7,
-            'r2': 8.2,
-            'd': 306.7,
-        },
-        'IPN400': {
-            'h': 400.0,
-            'b': 155.0,
-            'tw': 14.4,
-            'tf': 21.6,
-            'r1': 14.4,
-            'r2': 8.6,
-            'd': 322.9,
-        },
-        'IPN450': {
-            'h': 450.0,
-            'b': 170.0,
-            'tw': 16.2,
-            'tf': 24.3,
-            'r1': 16.2,
-            'r2': 9.7,
-            'd': 363.6,
-        },
-        'IPN500': {
-            'h': 500.0,
-            'b': 185.0,
-            'tw': 18.0,
-            'tf': 27.0,
-            'r1': 18.0,
-            'r2': 10.8,
-            'd': 404.3,
-        },
-        'IPN550': {
-            'h': 550.0,
-            'b': 200.0,
-            'tw': 19.0,
-            'tf': 30.0,
-            'r1': 19.0,
-            'r2': 11.9,
-            'd': 445.6,
-        },
-        'IPN600': {
-            'h': 600.0,
-            'b': 215.0,
-            'tw': 21.6,
-            'tf': 32.4,
-            'r1': 21.6,
-            'r2': 13.0,
-            'd': 485.8,
-        },
-    }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_polygon(cls, name: str) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns a shapely polygon representing an IPN section."""
-        if isinstance(name, (float, int)):
-            name = f'IPN{int(name):0d}'
-        parameters = cls.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in IPN sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{cls.profiles()})"
-            )
-        parameters['slope'] = 0.14
-        return _create_taper_I_section(
-            **{
-                key: parameters[key]
-                for key in parameters
-                if key in ['h', 'b', 'tw', 'tf', 'r1', 'r2', 'slope']
-            }
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def profiles(cls) -> list:
-        """Returns a list containing all available profiles."""
-        return list(cls.parameters.keys())
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Creates a new IPN object."""
-        if isinstance(name, (float, int)):
-            name = f'IPN{int(name):0d}'
-        parameters = self.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in IPN sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{self.profiles()})"
-            )
-        super().__init__()
-        self._h = parameters.get('h')
-        self._b = parameters.get('b')
-        self._tw = parameters.get('tw')
-        self._tf = parameters.get('tf')
-        self._r1 = parameters.get('r1')
-        self._r2 = parameters.get('r2')
-        self._flange_slope = 0.14
-        self._polygon = _create_taper_I_section(
-            h=self._h,
-            b=self._b,
-            tw=self._tw,
-            tf=self._tf,
-            r1=self._r1,
-            r2=self._r2,
-            slope=self._flange_slope,
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns shapely Polygon of section.
-
-        Returns:
-            Polygon: The represention of the IPN section.
-        """
-        return self._polygon
-
-    @property
-    def h(self) -> float:
-        """Returns height of IPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Height h of IPN section.
-        """
-        return self._h
-
-    @property
-    def b(self) -> float:
-        """Returns width of IPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Width b of IPN section.
-        """
-        return self._b
-
-    @property
-    def tw(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of web of IPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Web thickness tw of IPN section.
-        """
-        return self._tw
-
-    @property
-    def tf(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of flange of IPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Flange thickness tw of IPN section.
-        """
-        return self._tf
-
-    @property
-    def r1(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of IPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r1 of IPN section.
-        """
-        return self._r1
-
-    @property
-    def r2(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of IPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r2 of IPN section.
-        """
-        return self._r2
-
-
-class UPN(BaseProfile):
-    """Simple class for representing an UPN profile.
-
-    European standard channels UPN 50 - 400.
-
-    Taper flange Channels.
-
-    14% slope in flange.
-    """
-
-    parameters = {
-        'UPN50': {
-            'h': 50.0,
-            'b': 38.0,
-            'tw': 5.0,
-            'tf': 7.0,
-            'r1': 7.0,
-            'r2': 4.0,
-            'd': 21.0,
-        },
-        'UPN65': {
-            'h': 65.0,
-            'b': 42.0,
-            'tw': 5.5,
-            'tf': 7.5,
-            'r1': 8.0,
-            'r2': 4.0,
-            'd': 34.0,
-        },
-        'UPN80': {
-            'h': 80.0,
-            'b': 45.0,
-            'tw': 6.0,
-            'tf': 8.0,
-            'r1': 8.0,
-            'r2': 4.0,
-            'd': 47.0,
-        },
-        'UPN100': {
-            'h': 100.0,
-            'b': 50.0,
-            'tw': 6.0,
-            'tf': 8.5,
-            'r1': 9.0,
-            'r2': 5.0,
-            'd': 64.0,
-        },
-        'UPN120': {
-            'h': 120.0,
-            'b': 55.0,
-            'tw': 7.0,
-            'tf': 9.0,
-            'r1': 9.0,
-            'r2': 5.0,
-            'd': 82.0,
-        },
-        'UPN140': {
-            'h': 140.0,
-            'b': 60.0,
-            'tw': 7.0,
-            'tf': 10.0,
-            'r1': 10.0,
-            'r2': 5.0,
-            'd': 98.0,
-        },
-        'UPN160': {
-            'h': 160.0,
-            'b': 65.0,
-            'tw': 7.5,
-            'tf': 10.5,
-            'r1': 11.0,
-            'r2': 6.0,
-            'd': 115.0,
-        },
-        'UPN180': {
-            'h': 180.0,
-            'b': 70.0,
-            'tw': 8.0,
-            'tf': 11.0,
-            'r1': 11.0,
-            'r2': 6.0,
-            'd': 133.0,
-        },
-        'UPN200': {
-            'h': 200.0,
-            'b': 75.0,
-            'tw': 8.5,
-            'tf': 11.5,
-            'r1': 12.0,
-            'r2': 6.0,
-            'd': 151.0,
-        },
-        'UPN220': {
-            'h': 220.0,
-            'b': 80.0,
-            'tw': 9.0,
-            'tf': 12.5,
-            'r1': 13.0,
-            'r2': 7.0,
-            'd': 167.0,
-        },
-        'UPN240': {
-            'h': 240.0,
-            'b': 85.0,
-            'tw': 9.5,
-            'tf': 13.0,
-            'r1': 13.0,
-            'r2': 7.0,
-            'd': 184.0,
-        },
-        'UPN260': {
-            'h': 260.0,
-            'b': 90.0,
-            'tw': 10.0,
-            'tf': 14.0,
-            'r1': 14.0,
-            'r2': 7.0,
-            'd': 200.0,
-        },
-        'UPN280': {
-            'h': 280.0,
-            'b': 95.0,
-            'tw': 10.0,
-            'tf': 15.0,
-            'r1': 15.0,
-            'r2': 8.0,
-            'd': 216.0,
-        },
-        'UPN300': {
-            'h': 300.0,
-            'b': 100.0,
-            'tw': 10.0,
-            'tf': 16.0,
-            'r1': 16.0,
-            'r2': 8.0,
-            'd': 232.0,
-        },
-        'UPN320': {
-            'h': 320.0,
-            'b': 100.0,
-            'tw': 14.0,
-            'tf': 17.5,
-            'r1': 18.0,
-            'r2': 9.0,
-            'd': 246.0,
-        },
-        'UPN350': {
-            'h': 350.0,
-            'b': 100.0,
-            'tw': 14.0,
-            'tf': 16.0,
-            'r1': 16.0,
-            'r2': 8.0,
-            'd': 282.0,
-        },
-        'UPN380': {
-            'h': 380.0,
-            'b': 102.0,
-            'tw': 13.5,
-            'tf': 16.0,
-            'r1': 16.0,
-            'r2': 8.0,
-            'd': 313.0,
-        },
-        'UPN400': {
-            'h': 400.0,
-            'b': 110.0,
-            'tw': 14.0,
-            'tf': 18.0,
-            'r1': 18.0,
-            'r2': 9.0,
-            'd': 324.0,
-        },
-    }
-
-    @classmethod
-    def get_polygon(cls, name: str) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns a shapely polygon representing an UPN section."""
-        if isinstance(name, (float, int)):
-            name = f'UPN{int(name):0d}'
-        parameters = cls.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UPN sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{cls.profiles()})"
-            )
-        if parameters['h'] <= 300:
-            parameters['slope'] = 0.08
-            parameters['u'] = parameters['b'] / 2.0
-        else:
-            parameters['slope'] = 0.05
-            parameters['u'] = (parameters['b'] - parameters['tw']) / 2.0
-        return _create_taper_U_section(
-            **{
-                key: parameters[key]
-                for key in parameters
-                if key in ['h', 'b', 'tw', 'tf', 'r1', 'r2', 'slope', 'u']
-            }
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def profiles(cls) -> list:
-        """Returns a list containing all available profiles."""
-        return list(cls.parameters.keys())
-
-    def __init__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        """Creates a new UPN object."""
-        if isinstance(name, (float, int)):
-            name = f'UPN{int(name):0d}'
-        parameters = self.parameters.get(name)
-        if parameters is None:
-            raise ValueError(
-                f"Profile '{name}' not found in UPN sections. "
-                "Select a valid profile (available ones: "
-                f"{self.profiles()})"
-            )
-        super().__init__()
-        self._h = parameters.get('h')
-        self._b = parameters.get('b')
-        self._tw = parameters.get('tw')
-        self._tf = parameters.get('tf')
-        self._r1 = parameters.get('r1')
-        self._r2 = parameters.get('r2')
-        if self._h <= 300:
-            self._flange_slope = 0.08
-            self._u = self._b / 2.0
-        else:
-            self._flange_slope = 0.05
-            self._u = (self._b - self._tw) / 2.0
-        self._polygon = _create_taper_U_section(
-            h=self._h,
-            b=self._b,
-            tw=self._tw,
-            tf=self._tf,
-            r1=self._r1,
-            r2=self._r2,
-            slope=self._flange_slope,
-            u=self._u,
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def polygon(self) -> Polygon:
-        """Returns shapely Polygon of section.
-
-        Returns:
-            Polygon: The represention of the UPN section.
-        """
-        return self._polygon
-
-    @property
-    def h(self) -> float:
-        """Returns height of UPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Height h of UPN section.
-        """
-        return self._h
-
-    @property
-    def b(self) -> float:
-        """Returns width of UPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Width b of UPN section.
-        """
-        return self._b
-
-    @property
-    def tw(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of web of UPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Web thickness tw of UPN section.
-        """
-        return self._tw
-
-    @property
-    def tf(self) -> float:
-        """Returns thickness of flange of UPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Flange thickness tw of UPN section.
-        """
-        return self._tf
-
-    @property
-    def r1(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of UPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r1 of UPN section.
-        """
-        return self._r1
-
-    @property
-    def r2(self) -> float:
-        """Returns fillet radius of UPN section.
-
-        Returns:
-            float: Fillet radius r2 of UPN section.
-        """
-        return self._r2
-
-
-def _create_I_section(h: float, b: float, tw: float, tf: float, r: float):
-    """Returns a polygon for a I section."""
-    # top flange
-    top_flange = Polygon(
-        [
-            (-b / 2, -h / 2),
-            (b / 2, -h / 2),
-            (b / 2, -h / 2 + tf),
-            (-b / 2, -h / 2 + tf),
-        ]
-    )
-    # bottom flange
-    bottom_flange = translate(top_flange, xoff=0, yoff=h - tf)
-    web = Polygon(
-        [
-            (-tw / 2, -h / 2 + tf),
-            (tw / 2, -h / 2 + tf),
-            (tw / 2, h / 2 - tf),
-            (-tw / 2, h / 2 - tf),
-        ]
-    )
-    # fillets
-    p = Point([tw / 2 + r, -h / 2 + tf + r]).buffer(r)
-    s = Polygon(
-        [
-            (tw / 2, -h / 2 + tf),
-            (tw / 2 + r, -h / 2 + tf),
-            (tw / 2 + r, -h / 2 + tf + r),
-            (tw / 2, -h / 2 + tf + r),
-        ]
-    )
-    fillet = s.difference(p)
-    p = Point([-tw / 2 - r, -h / 2 + tf + r]).buffer(r)
-    s = Polygon(
-        [
-            (-tw / 2 - r, -h / 2 + tf),
-            (-tw / 2, -h / 2 + tf),
-            (-tw / 2, -h / 2 + tf + r),
-            (-tw / 2 - r, -h / 2 + tf + r),
-        ]
-    )
-    fillet = s.difference(p).union(fillet)
-    fillet = translate(
-        scale(fillet, 1, -1), xoff=0, yoff=h - 2 * tf - r
-    ).union(fillet)
-    # Create the geometry
-    geometries = [
-        set_precision(geometry, grid_size=1e-13)
-        for geometry in [fillet, top_flange, bottom_flange, web]
-    ]
-    return orient(unary_union(geometries), 1)
-
-
-def _create_taper_I_section(
-    h: float,
-    b: float,
-    tw: float,
-    tf: float,
-    r1: float,
-    r2: float,
-    slope: float,
-) -> Polygon:
-    """Returns a shapely polygon representing a Taper Flange I Section."""
-    # Create first part of line
-    ls = [
-        set_precision(
-            LineString([[0, -h / 2], [b / 2, -h / 2]]), grid_size=1e-13
-        )
-    ]
-    # Create first fillet
-    xy = np.array(
-        [
-            [b / 2, -h / 2],
-            [b / 2, -h / 2 + tf - (b / 4 * slope)],
-            [b / 4, -h / 2 + tf],
-        ]
-    )
-    ls.append(
-        set_precision(
-            LineString(xy).offset_curve(r2).offset_curve(-r2), grid_size=1e-13
-        )
-    )
-    # Create second fillet
-    xy = np.array(
-        [
-            [b / 4, -h / 2 + tf],
-            [tw / 2, -h / 2 + tf + (b / 4 - tw / 2) * slope],
-            [tw / 2, 0],
-        ]
-    )
-    ls.append(
-        set_precision(
-            LineString(xy).offset_curve(-r1).offset_curve(r1), grid_size=1e-13
-        )
-    )
-
-    # Merge filleted
-    merged_ls = linemerge(ls)
-
-    # mirror the parts
-    merged_ls = linemerge(
-        [
-            merged_ls,
-            translate(scale(merged_ls, -1, 1), -b / 2, 0),
-        ]
-    )
-    merged_ls = linemerge(
-        [
-            merged_ls,
-            translate(scale(merged_ls, 1, -1), 0, h / 2),
-        ]
-    )
-
-    # Create a polygon
-    poly = polygonize([merged_ls])
-
-    # Return the first and only polygon of this collection
-    return orient(get_geometry(poly, 0), 1)
-
-
-def _create_taper_U_section(
-    h: float,
-    b: float,
-    tw: float,
-    tf: float,
-    r1: float,
-    r2: float,
-    slope: float,
-    u: float,
-) -> Polygon:
-    """Returns a shapely polygon representing a Taper Flange U Section."""
-    # Create first part of line
-    ls = [
-        set_precision(
-            LineString([[0, h / 2], [0, 0], [b, 0]]), grid_size=1e-13
-        )
-    ]
-    # Create first fillet
-    xy = np.array([[b, 0], [b, tf - slope * u], [b - u, tf]])
-    ls.append(
-        set_precision(
-            LineString(xy).offset_curve(r2).offset_curve(-r2), grid_size=1e-13
-        )
-    )
-    # Create second fillet
-    xy = np.array(
-        [
-            [b - u, tf],
-            [tw, tf + slope * (b - u - tw)],
-            [tw, h / 2],
-        ]
-    )
-    ls.append(
-        set_precision(
-            LineString(xy).offset_curve(-r1).offset_curve(r1), grid_size=1e-13
-        )
-    )
-
-    # Merge filleted
-    merged_ls = linemerge(ls)
-
-    # mirror the parts
-    merged_ls = linemerge(
-        [
-            merged_ls,
-            translate(scale(merged_ls, 1, -1), 0, h / 2),
-        ]
-    )
-
-    # Create a polygon
-    poly = polygonize([merged_ls])
-
-    # Get the first and only polygon of this collection
-    poly = get_geometry(poly, 0)
-    # Translate it to the centroid when returning
-    return orient(
-        translate(poly, xoff=-poly.centroid.x, yoff=-poly.centroid.y), 1
-    )