souleyez 2.22.0__py3-none-any.whl → 2.26.0__py3-none-any.whl

souleyez/plugins/http_fingerprint.py

@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""
+souleyez.plugins.http_fingerprint - Lightweight HTTP fingerprinting
+
+Detects:
+- Server software (Apache, nginx, IIS, etc.)
+- WAFs (Cloudflare, Akamai, AWS WAF, etc.)
+- CDNs (Cloudflare, Fastly, CloudFront, etc.)
+- Managed hosting platforms (Squarespace, Wix, Shopify, etc.)
+- Technologies (via headers and cookies)
+
+This runs BEFORE web vulnerability scanners to enable smarter tool configuration.
+"""
+import json
+import time
+import ssl
+import socket
+from typing import Dict, Any, List, Optional
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+from .plugin_base import PluginBase
+
+HELP = {
+    "name": "HTTP Fingerprint - Lightweight Web Reconnaissance",
+    "description": (
+        "Performs lightweight HTTP fingerprinting to detect server software, "
+        "WAFs, CDNs, and managed hosting platforms.\n\n"
+        "This runs automatically before web vulnerability scanners to enable "
+        "smarter tool configuration. For example, if Squarespace is detected, "
+        "nikto will skip CGI enumeration (pointless on managed platforms).\n\n"
+        "Detection categories:\n"
+        "- Server software (Apache, nginx, IIS, etc.)\n"
+        "- WAFs (Cloudflare, Akamai, AWS WAF, Imperva, etc.)\n"
+        "- CDNs (Cloudflare, Fastly, CloudFront, Akamai, etc.)\n"
+        "- Managed hosting (Squarespace, Wix, Shopify, Netlify, etc.)\n"
+    ),
+    "usage": "souleyez jobs enqueue http_fingerprint <target>",
+    "examples": [
+        "souleyez jobs enqueue http_fingerprint http://example.com",
+        "souleyez jobs enqueue http_fingerprint https://example.com",
+    ],
+    "flags": [
+        ["--timeout <sec>", "Request timeout (default: 10)"],
+    ],
+    "presets": [
+        {"name": "Quick Fingerprint", "args": [], "desc": "Fast fingerprint scan"},
+    ],
+}
+
+# WAF detection signatures
+# Format: {header_name: {value_pattern: waf_name}}
+WAF_SIGNATURES = {
+    # Header-based detection
+    'headers': {
+        'server': {
+            'cloudflare': 'Cloudflare',
+            'akamaighost': 'Akamai',
+            'akamainetworkstorage': 'Akamai',
+            'awselb': 'AWS ELB',
+            'bigip': 'F5 BIG-IP',
+            'barracuda': 'Barracuda',
+            'denyall': 'DenyAll',
+            'fortigate': 'Fortinet FortiGate',
+            'imperva': 'Imperva',
+            'incapsula': 'Imperva Incapsula',
+            'netscaler': 'Citrix NetScaler',
+            'sucuri': 'Sucuri',
+            'wallarm': 'Wallarm',
+        },
+        'x-powered-by': {
+            'aws lambda': 'AWS Lambda',
+            'express': 'Express.js',
+            'php': 'PHP',
+            'asp.net': 'ASP.NET',
+        },
+        'x-sucuri-id': {'': 'Sucuri'},
+        'x-sucuri-cache': {'': 'Sucuri'},
+        'cf-ray': {'': 'Cloudflare'},
+        'cf-cache-status': {'': 'Cloudflare'},
+        'x-amz-cf-id': {'': 'AWS CloudFront'},
+        'x-amz-cf-pop': {'': 'AWS CloudFront'},
+        'x-akamai-transformed': {'': 'Akamai'},
+        'x-cache': {
+            'cloudfront': 'AWS CloudFront',
+            'varnish': 'Varnish',
+        },
+        'x-fastly-request-id': {'': 'Fastly'},
+        'x-served-by': {
+            'cache-': 'Fastly',
+        },
+        'x-cdn': {
+            'incapsula': 'Imperva Incapsula',
+            'cloudflare': 'Cloudflare',
+        },
+        'x-iinfo': {'': 'Imperva Incapsula'},
+        'x-proxy-id': {'': 'Imperva'},
+        'x-request-id': {},  # Generic, but useful context
+        'x-fw-protection': {'': 'Unknown WAF'},
+        'x-protected-by': {'': 'Unknown WAF'},
+        'x-waf-status': {'': 'Unknown WAF'},
+        'x-denied-reason': {'': 'Unknown WAF'},
+    },
+    # Cookie-based detection
+    'cookies': {
+        '__cfduid': 'Cloudflare',
+        'cf_clearance': 'Cloudflare',
+        '__cf_bm': 'Cloudflare Bot Management',
+        'incap_ses': 'Imperva Incapsula',
+        'visid_incap': 'Imperva Incapsula',
+        'nlbi_': 'Imperva Incapsula',
+        'ak_bmsc': 'Akamai Bot Manager',
+        'bm_sz': 'Akamai Bot Manager',
+        '_abck': 'Akamai Bot Manager',
+        'awsalb': 'AWS ALB',
+        'awsalbcors': 'AWS ALB',
+        'ts': 'F5 BIG-IP',
+        'bigipserver': 'F5 BIG-IP',
+        'citrix_ns_id': 'Citrix NetScaler',
+        'sucuri_cloudproxy': 'Sucuri',
+    },
+}
+
+# CDN detection signatures
+CDN_SIGNATURES = {
+    'headers': {
+        'cf-ray': 'Cloudflare',
+        'cf-cache-status': 'Cloudflare',
+        'x-amz-cf-id': 'AWS CloudFront',
+        'x-amz-cf-pop': 'AWS CloudFront',
+        'x-cache': {
+            'cloudfront': 'AWS CloudFront',
+            'hit from cloudfront': 'AWS CloudFront',
+        },
+        'x-fastly-request-id': 'Fastly',
+        'x-served-by': 'Fastly',
+        'x-akamai-transformed': 'Akamai',
+        'x-akamai-request-id': 'Akamai',
+        'x-edge-location': 'Generic CDN',
+        'x-cdn': 'Generic CDN',
+        'x-cache-status': 'Generic CDN',
+        'x-varnish': 'Varnish',
+        'via': {
+            'cloudfront': 'AWS CloudFront',
+            'varnish': 'Varnish',
+            'akamai': 'Akamai',
+        },
+        'x-azure-ref': 'Azure CDN',
+        'x-msedge-ref': 'Azure CDN',
+        'x-goog-': 'Google Cloud CDN',
+        'x-bunny-': 'Bunny CDN',
+        'x-hw': 'Huawei CDN',
+    },
+    'server': {
+        'cloudflare': 'Cloudflare',
+        'akamaighost': 'Akamai',
+        'cloudfront': 'AWS CloudFront',
+        'fastly': 'Fastly',
+        'varnish': 'Varnish',
+        'keycdn': 'KeyCDN',
+        'bunnycdn': 'Bunny CDN',
+        'cdn77': 'CDN77',
+        'stackpath': 'StackPath',
+        'limelight': 'Limelight',
+        'azure': 'Azure CDN',
+    },
+}
+
+# Managed hosting platform signatures
+MANAGED_HOSTING_SIGNATURES = {
+    'server': {
+        'squarespace': 'Squarespace',
+        'wix': 'Wix',
+        'shopify': 'Shopify',
+        'weebly': 'Weebly',
+        'webflow': 'Webflow',
+        'ghost': 'Ghost',
+        'medium': 'Medium',
+        'tumblr': 'Tumblr',
+        'blogger': 'Blogger/Blogspot',
+        'wordpress.com': 'WordPress.com',
+        'netlify': 'Netlify',
+        'vercel': 'Vercel',
+        'heroku': 'Heroku',
+        'github': 'GitHub Pages',
+        'gitlab': 'GitLab Pages',
+        'firebase': 'Firebase Hosting',
+        'render': 'Render',
+        'railway': 'Railway',
+        'fly': 'Fly.io',
+        'deno': 'Deno Deploy',
+    },
+    'headers': {
+        'x-shopify-stage': 'Shopify',
+        'x-shopify-request-id': 'Shopify',
+        'x-wix-request-id': 'Wix',
+        'x-wix-renderer-server': 'Wix',
+        'x-sqsp-edge': 'Squarespace',
+        'x-squarespace-': 'Squarespace',
+        'x-ghost-': 'Ghost',
+        'x-medium-content': 'Medium',
+        'x-tumblr-': 'Tumblr',
+        'x-blogger-': 'Blogger/Blogspot',
+        'x-netlify-': 'Netlify',
+        'x-nf-request-id': 'Netlify',
+        'x-vercel-': 'Vercel',
+        'x-vercel-id': 'Vercel',
+        'x-heroku-': 'Heroku',
+        'x-github-request-id': 'GitHub Pages',
+        'x-firebase-': 'Firebase Hosting',
+        'x-render-origin-server': 'Render',
+        'fly-request-id': 'Fly.io',
+    },
+    'cookies': {
+        'wordpress_': 'WordPress',
+        'wp-settings': 'WordPress',
+        '_shopify_': 'Shopify',
+        'wixSession': 'Wix',
+    },
+}
+
+# Server software signatures
+SERVER_SIGNATURES = {
+    'apache': 'Apache',
+    'nginx': 'nginx',
+    'microsoft-iis': 'Microsoft IIS',
+    'iis': 'Microsoft IIS',
+    'lighttpd': 'lighttpd',
+    'litespeed': 'LiteSpeed',
+    'openresty': 'OpenResty',
+    'caddy': 'Caddy',
+    'tomcat': 'Apache Tomcat',
+    'jetty': 'Eclipse Jetty',
+    'gunicorn': 'Gunicorn',
+    'uvicorn': 'Uvicorn',
+    'werkzeug': 'Werkzeug (Flask)',
+    'waitress': 'Waitress',
+    'cowboy': 'Cowboy (Erlang)',
+    'kestrel': 'Kestrel (ASP.NET)',
+    'express': 'Express.js',
+}
+
+
+class HttpFingerprintPlugin(PluginBase):
+    name = "HTTP Fingerprint"
+    tool = "http_fingerprint"
+    category = "recon"
+    HELP = HELP
+
+    def build_command(self, target: str, args: List[str] = None, label: str = "", log_path: str = None):
+        """
+        HTTP fingerprinting is done in Python, not via external command.
+        Return None to use run() method instead.
+        """
+        return None
+
+    def run(self, target: str, args: List[str] = None, label: str = "", log_path: str = None) -> int:
+        """Execute HTTP fingerprint scan."""
+        args = args or []
+        timeout = 10
+
+        # Parse timeout from args
+        for i, arg in enumerate(args):
+            if arg == '--timeout' and i + 1 < len(args):
+                try:
+                    timeout = int(args[i + 1])
+                except ValueError:
+                    pass
+
+        # Ensure target has scheme
+        if not target.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
+            target = f'http://{target}'
+
+        try:
+            result = self._fingerprint(target, timeout)
+            output = self._format_output(target, result, label)
+
+            if log_path:
+                with open(log_path, 'a', encoding='utf-8', errors='replace') as fh:
+                    fh.write(output)
+                    # Write JSON result for parsing
+                    fh.write("\n\n=== JSON_RESULT ===\n")
+                    fh.write(json.dumps(result, indent=2))
+                    fh.write("\n=== END_JSON_RESULT ===\n")
+
+            return 0
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            error_output = f"=== Plugin: HTTP Fingerprint ===\n"
+            error_output += f"Target: {target}\n"
+            error_output += f"Error: {type(e).__name__}: {e}\n"
+
+            if log_path:
+                with open(log_path, 'a', encoding='utf-8', errors='replace') as fh:
+                    fh.write(error_output)
+
+            return 1
+
+    def _fingerprint(self, url: str, timeout: int = 10) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        Perform HTTP fingerprinting on target URL.
+
+        Returns dict with:
+        - server: Server software detected
+        - waf: WAF/protection detected (if any)
+        - cdn: CDN detected (if any)
+        - managed_hosting: Managed platform detected (if any)
+        - headers: Raw response headers
+        - technologies: List of detected technologies
+        - tls: TLS/SSL information (for HTTPS)
+        """
+        import urllib.request
+        import urllib.error
+
+        result = {
+            'server': None,
+            'server_version': None,
+            'waf': [],
+            'cdn': [],
+            'managed_hosting': None,
+            'technologies': [],
+            'headers': {},
+            'cookies': [],
+            'tls': None,
+            'status_code': None,
+            'redirect_url': None,
+        }
+
+        parsed = urlparse(url)
+        is_https = parsed.scheme == 'https'
+
+        # Create request with common browser headers
+        req = urllib.request.Request(
+            url,
+            headers={
+                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/120.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+                'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
+                'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
+                'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
+                'Connection': 'close',
+            }
+        )
+
+        try:
+            # Create SSL context for HTTPS
+            if is_https:
+                ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
+                ctx.check_hostname = False
+                ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
+
+                # Get TLS info
+                try:
+                    with socket.create_connection((parsed.hostname, parsed.port or 443), timeout=timeout) as sock:
+                        with ctx.wrap_socket(sock, server_hostname=parsed.hostname) as ssock:
+                            cert = ssock.getpeercert(binary_form=True)
+                            cipher = ssock.cipher()
+                            version = ssock.version()
+                            result['tls'] = {
+                                'version': version,
+                                'cipher': cipher[0] if cipher else None,
+                                'bits': cipher[2] if cipher else None,
+                            }
+                except Exception:
+                    pass  # TLS info is optional
+
+                response = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout, context=ctx)
+            else:
+                response = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=timeout)
+
+            result['status_code'] = response.getcode()
+
+            # Get headers
+            headers = {k.lower(): v for k, v in response.headers.items()}
+            result['headers'] = dict(response.headers)
+
+            # Check for redirect
+            if response.geturl() != url:
+                result['redirect_url'] = response.geturl()
+
+            # Parse cookies
+            if 'set-cookie' in headers:
+                cookies = headers.get('set-cookie', '')
+                result['cookies'] = [c.strip() for c in cookies.split(',')]
+
+            # Detect server
+            server_header = headers.get('server', '').lower()
+            result['server'] = headers.get('server')
+
+            for sig, name in SERVER_SIGNATURES.items():
+                if sig in server_header:
+                    result['server_version'] = name
+                    result['technologies'].append(name)
+                    break
+
+            # Detect WAF
+            result['waf'] = self._detect_waf(headers, result['cookies'])
+
+            # Detect CDN
+            result['cdn'] = self._detect_cdn(headers, server_header)
+
+            # Detect managed hosting
+            result['managed_hosting'] = self._detect_managed_hosting(headers, server_header, result['cookies'])
+
+            # Detect technologies from headers
+            self._detect_technologies(headers, result)
+
+        except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+            # Even errors give us useful headers
+            result['status_code'] = e.code
+            headers = {k.lower(): v for k, v in e.headers.items()}
+            result['headers'] = dict(e.headers)
+            result['server'] = headers.get('server')
+
+            server_header = headers.get('server', '').lower()
+            result['waf'] = self._detect_waf(headers, [])
+            result['cdn'] = self._detect_cdn(headers, server_header)
+            result['managed_hosting'] = self._detect_managed_hosting(headers, server_header, [])
+
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+            result['error'] = str(e.reason)
+
+        except socket.timeout:
+            result['error'] = 'Connection timed out'
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            result['error'] = f'{type(e).__name__}: {e}'
+
+        return result
+
+    def _detect_waf(self, headers: Dict[str, str], cookies: List[str]) -> List[str]:
+        """Detect WAF from headers and cookies."""
+        detected = []
+
+        # Check headers
+        for header, signatures in WAF_SIGNATURES['headers'].items():
+            header_val = headers.get(header, '').lower()
+            if header_val:
+                if isinstance(signatures, dict):
+                    for sig, waf_name in signatures.items():
+                        if sig == '' or sig in header_val:
+                            if waf_name and waf_name not in detected:
+                                detected.append(waf_name)
+                elif isinstance(signatures, str) and signatures not in detected:
+                    detected.append(signatures)
+
+        # Check cookies
+        cookie_str = ' '.join(cookies).lower()
+        for cookie_sig, waf_name in WAF_SIGNATURES['cookies'].items():
+            if cookie_sig.lower() in cookie_str:
+                if waf_name not in detected:
+                    detected.append(waf_name)
+
+        return detected
+
+    def _detect_cdn(self, headers: Dict[str, str], server_header: str) -> List[str]:
+        """Detect CDN from headers."""
+        detected = []
+
+        # Check specific headers
+        for header, cdn_info in CDN_SIGNATURES['headers'].items():
+            header_val = headers.get(header, '').lower()
+            if header_val:
+                if isinstance(cdn_info, dict):
+                    for sig, cdn_name in cdn_info.items():
+                        if sig in header_val and cdn_name not in detected:
+                            detected.append(cdn_name)
+                elif isinstance(cdn_info, str) and cdn_info not in detected:
+                    detected.append(cdn_info)
+
+        # Check server header
+        for sig, cdn_name in CDN_SIGNATURES['server'].items():
+            if sig in server_header and cdn_name not in detected:
+                detected.append(cdn_name)
+
+        return detected
+
+    def _detect_managed_hosting(self, headers: Dict[str, str], server_header: str, cookies: List[str]) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Detect managed hosting platform."""
+        # Check server header first (most reliable)
+        for sig, platform in MANAGED_HOSTING_SIGNATURES['server'].items():
+            if sig in server_header:
+                return platform
+
+        # Check specific headers
+        for header_prefix, platform in MANAGED_HOSTING_SIGNATURES['headers'].items():
+            for header in headers:
+                if header.lower().startswith(header_prefix.lower()):
+                    return platform
+
+        # Check cookies
+        cookie_str = ' '.join(cookies).lower()
+        for cookie_sig, platform in MANAGED_HOSTING_SIGNATURES['cookies'].items():
+            if cookie_sig.lower() in cookie_str:
+                return platform
+
+        return None
+
+    def _detect_technologies(self, headers: Dict[str, str], result: Dict[str, Any]):
+        """Detect additional technologies from headers."""
+        techs = result['technologies']
+
+        # X-Powered-By
+        powered_by = headers.get('x-powered-by', '')
+        if powered_by:
+            if 'php' in powered_by.lower():
+                techs.append(f'PHP ({powered_by})')
+            elif 'asp.net' in powered_by.lower():
+                techs.append(f'ASP.NET ({powered_by})')
+            elif 'express' in powered_by.lower():
+                techs.append('Express.js')
+            elif powered_by not in techs:
+                techs.append(powered_by)
+
+        # X-AspNet-Version
+        aspnet_ver = headers.get('x-aspnet-version', '')
+        if aspnet_ver:
+            techs.append(f'ASP.NET {aspnet_ver}')
+
+        # X-Generator
+        generator = headers.get('x-generator', '')
+        if generator:
+            techs.append(generator)
+
+        result['technologies'] = list(set(techs))
+
+    def _format_output(self, target: str, result: Dict[str, Any], label: str) -> str:
+        """Format fingerprint results for log output."""
+        lines = []
+        lines.append("=== Plugin: HTTP Fingerprint ===")
+        lines.append(f"Target: {target}")
+        if label:
+            lines.append(f"Label: {label}")
+        lines.append(f"Started: {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC', time.gmtime())}")
+        lines.append("=" * 60)
+        lines.append("")
+
+        if result.get('error'):
+            lines.append(f"ERROR: {result['error']}")
+            return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+        # Status
+        lines.append(f"HTTP Status: {result.get('status_code', 'N/A')}")
+
+        if result.get('redirect_url'):
+            lines.append(f"Redirected to: {result['redirect_url']}")
+
+        # Server
+        if result.get('server'):
+            lines.append(f"Server: {result['server']}")
+
+        # TLS
+        if result.get('tls'):
+            tls = result['tls']
+            lines.append(f"TLS: {tls.get('version', 'Unknown')} ({tls.get('cipher', 'Unknown')})")
+
+        lines.append("")
+
+        # Managed Hosting (most important for tool decisions)
+        if result.get('managed_hosting'):
+            lines.append("-" * 40)
+            lines.append(f"MANAGED HOSTING DETECTED: {result['managed_hosting']}")
+            lines.append("  -> CGI enumeration will be skipped")
+            lines.append("  -> Limited vulnerability surface expected")
+            lines.append("-" * 40)
+            lines.append("")
+
+        # WAF
+        if result.get('waf'):
+            lines.append(f"WAF/Protection Detected:")
+            for waf in result['waf']:
+                lines.append(f"  - {waf}")
+            lines.append("")
+
+        # CDN
+        if result.get('cdn'):
+            lines.append(f"CDN Detected:")
+            for cdn in result['cdn']:
+                lines.append(f"  - {cdn}")
+            lines.append("")
+
+        # Technologies
+        if result.get('technologies'):
+            lines.append(f"Technologies:")
+            for tech in result['technologies']:
+                lines.append(f"  - {tech}")
+            lines.append("")
+
+        lines.append(f"\n=== Completed: {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S UTC', time.gmtime())} ===")
+
+        return '\n'.join(lines)
+
+
+plugin = HttpFingerprintPlugin()

souleyez/plugins/nuclei.py

@@ -207,19 +207,51 @@ class NucleiPlugin(PluginBase):
                 return True
         return False
 
-    def build_command(self, target: str, args: List[str] = None, label: str = "", log_path: str = None):
-        """Build nuclei command for background execution with PID tracking."""
-        # For URLs, validate them. For bare IPs/domains, let Nuclei auto-detect protocols
+    def _normalize_target(self, target: str, args: List[str] = None, log_path: str = None) -> str:
+        """
+        Normalize target for Nuclei scanning.
+
+        - URLs are validated and passed through
+        - Bare IPs/domains get http:// prepended for web scanning
+
+        This fixes the issue where nmap chains pass bare IPs but Nuclei
+        needs URLs to properly scan web services.
+        """
+        import re
+
+        # Already a URL - validate and return
         if target.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
             try:
-                target = validate_url(target)
+                return validate_url(target)
             except ValidationError as e:
                 if log_path:
                     with open(log_path, 'w') as f:
                         f.write(f"ERROR: Invalid URL: {e}\n")
                 return None
 
+        # Bare IP or domain - prepend http:// for web scanning
+        # This is needed because Nuclei web templates require a URL
+        ip_pattern = r'^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}(:\d+)?$'
+        domain_pattern = r'^[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?(\.[a-zA-Z0-9]([a-zA-Z0-9-]*[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$'
+
+        if re.match(ip_pattern, target) or re.match(domain_pattern, target):
+            # Log the conversion
+            if log_path:
+                with open(log_path, 'a') as f:
+                    f.write(f"NOTE: Converting bare target '{target}' to 'http://{target}' for web scanning\n")
+            return f"http://{target}"
+
+        # Unknown format - return as-is
+        return target
+
+    def build_command(self, target: str, args: List[str] = None, label: str = "", log_path: str = None):
+        """Build nuclei command for background execution with PID tracking."""
         args = args or []
+
+        # Normalize target (convert bare IPs to URLs)
+        target = self._normalize_target(target, args, log_path)
+        if target is None:
+            return None
         args = [arg.replace("<target>", target) for arg in args]
 
         cmd = ["nuclei", "-target", target]
@@ -252,21 +284,13 @@ class NucleiPlugin(PluginBase):
 
     def run(self, target: str, args: List[str] = None, label: str = "", log_path: str = None) -> int:
         """Execute nuclei scan and write JSON output to log_path."""
-
-        # For URLs, validate them. For bare IPs/domains, let Nuclei auto-detect protocols
-        if target.startswith(('http://', 'https://')):
-            try:
-                target = validate_url(target)
-            except ValidationError as e:
-                if log_path:
-                    with open(log_path, 'w') as f:
-                        f.write(f"ERROR: Invalid URL: {e}\n")
-                    return 1
-                raise ValueError(f"Invalid URL: {e}")
-        # Otherwise keep target as-is (IP or domain) for Nuclei auto-detect protocols
-
         args = args or []
 
+        # Normalize target (convert bare IPs to URLs)
+        target = self._normalize_target(target, args, log_path)
+        if target is None:
+            return 1
+
         # Replace <target> placeholder
         args = [arg.replace("<target>", target) for arg in args]