snappy 3.1__cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl → 3.2__cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl
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- snappy/CyOpenGL.cpython-310-darwin.so +0 -0
- snappy/SnapPy.cpython-310-darwin.so +0 -0
- snappy/SnapPyHP.cpython-310-darwin.so +0 -0
- snappy/__init__.py +299 -402
- snappy/app.py +70 -20
- snappy/browser.py +18 -17
- snappy/canonical.py +249 -0
- snappy/{verify/cusp_shapes.py → cusps/__init__.py} +8 -18
- snappy/cusps/cusp_area_matrix.py +101 -0
- snappy/{verify/cusp_areas.py → cusps/cusp_areas_from_matrix.py} +23 -39
- snappy/cusps/maximal_cusp_area_matrix.py +136 -0
- snappy/cusps/test.py +21 -0
- snappy/cusps/trig_cusp_area_matrix.py +63 -0
- snappy/database.py +10 -9
- snappy/decorated_isosig.py +337 -114
- snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/complexVolumesClosed.py +40 -7
- snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/extended.py +3 -3
- snappy/dev/extended_ptolemy/phc_wrapper.py +10 -10
- snappy/dev/vericlosed/oneVertexTruncatedComplex.py +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_images/m004_paper_plane_on_systole.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_images/m125_paper_plane.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_images/o9_00000_systole_paper_plane.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_images/o9_00000_systole_paper_plane_closer.jpg +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_sources/credits.rst.txt +6 -1
- snappy/doc/_sources/development.rst.txt +66 -46
- snappy/doc/_sources/index.rst.txt +72 -5
- snappy/doc/_sources/installing.rst.txt +145 -162
- snappy/doc/_sources/news.rst.txt +73 -1
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples1.rst.txt +8 -7
- snappy/doc/_sources/ptolemy_examples3.rst.txt +2 -2
- snappy/doc/_sources/triangulation.rst.txt +2 -2
- snappy/doc/_sources/verify.rst.txt +89 -29
- snappy/doc/_sources/verify_internals.rst.txt +5 -16
- snappy/doc/_static/basic.css +23 -1
- snappy/doc/_static/css/badge_only.css +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_static/css/theme.css +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_static/doctools.js +1 -1
- snappy/doc/_static/documentation_options.js +2 -3
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bold.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-bolditalic.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-italic.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/Lato/lato-regular.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-bold.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.eot +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.ttf +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.woff +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/fonts/RobotoSlab/roboto-slab-v7-regular.woff2 +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/js/versions.js +228 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/language_data.js +2 -2
- snappy/doc/_static/pygments.css +1 -0
- snappy/doc/_static/searchtools.js +125 -71
- snappy/doc/_static/sphinx_highlight.js +13 -3
- snappy/doc/additional_classes.html +291 -122
- snappy/doc/bugs.html +17 -20
- snappy/doc/censuses.html +34 -53
- snappy/doc/credits.html +22 -22
- snappy/doc/development.html +88 -68
- snappy/doc/genindex.html +66 -145
- snappy/doc/index.html +86 -31
- snappy/doc/installing.html +164 -182
- snappy/doc/manifold.html +1168 -556
- snappy/doc/manifoldhp.html +18 -21
- snappy/doc/news.html +91 -33
- snappy/doc/objects.inv +0 -0
- snappy/doc/other.html +20 -22
- snappy/doc/platonic_census.html +31 -34
- snappy/doc/plink.html +19 -22
- snappy/doc/ptolemy.html +20 -22
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_classes.html +102 -105
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples1.html +34 -36
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples2.html +28 -31
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples3.html +26 -29
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_examples4.html +20 -23
- snappy/doc/ptolemy_prelim.html +25 -28
- snappy/doc/py-modindex.html +16 -19
- snappy/doc/screenshots.html +22 -24
- snappy/doc/search.html +15 -18
- snappy/doc/searchindex.js +1 -1
- snappy/doc/snap.html +18 -21
- snappy/doc/snappy.html +18 -20
- snappy/doc/spherogram.html +84 -87
- snappy/doc/todo.html +17 -20
- snappy/doc/triangulation.html +324 -215
- snappy/doc/tutorial.html +17 -20
- snappy/doc/verify.html +100 -46
- snappy/doc/verify_internals.html +106 -563
- snappy/drilling/__init__.py +153 -235
- snappy/drilling/barycentric.py +103 -0
- snappy/drilling/constants.py +0 -2
- snappy/drilling/crush.py +56 -130
- snappy/drilling/cusps.py +12 -6
- snappy/drilling/debug.py +2 -1
- snappy/drilling/exceptions.py +7 -40
- snappy/drilling/moves.py +302 -243
- snappy/drilling/perturb.py +63 -37
- snappy/drilling/shorten.py +36 -0
- snappy/drilling/subdivide.py +0 -5
- snappy/drilling/test.py +23 -0
- snappy/drilling/test_cases.py +126 -0
- snappy/drilling/tracing.py +9 -37
- snappy/exceptions.py +18 -5
- snappy/exterior_to_link/barycentric_geometry.py +2 -4
- snappy/exterior_to_link/main.py +8 -7
- snappy/exterior_to_link/mcomplex_with_link.py +2 -2
- snappy/exterior_to_link/rational_linear_algebra.py +1 -1
- snappy/exterior_to_link/rational_linear_algebra_wrapped.py +1 -1
- snappy/exterior_to_link/test.py +21 -33
- snappy/geometric_structure/__init__.py +212 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/__init__.py +3 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/complex_cusp_cross_section.py +697 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/cusp_cross_section_base.py +484 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/exceptions.py +42 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/real_cusp_cross_section.py +298 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/tiles_for_cusp_neighborhood.py +159 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/cusp_neighborhood/vertices.py +32 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/__init__.py +0 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/add_core_curves.py +152 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/avoid_core_curves.py +369 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/canonical_keys.py +52 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/check_away_from_core_curve.py +60 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/constants.py +6 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/exceptions.py +22 -0
- snappy/{drilling → geometric_structure/geodesic}/fixed_points.py +34 -9
- snappy/{drilling/geodesic_info.py → geometric_structure/geodesic/geodesic_start_point_info.py} +139 -180
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/graph_trace_helper.py +67 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/line.py +30 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/multiplicity.py +127 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/geodesic/tiles_for_geodesic.py +101 -0
- snappy/geometric_structure/test.py +22 -0
- snappy/gui.py +23 -13
- snappy/horoviewer.py +7 -7
- snappy/hyperboloid/__init__.py +96 -31
- snappy/hyperboloid/distances.py +245 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/horoball.py +19 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/line.py +35 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/point.py +9 -0
- snappy/hyperboloid/triangle.py +29 -0
- snappy/isometry_signature.py +382 -0
- snappy/len_spec/__init__.py +596 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geodesic_info.py +110 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geodesic_key_info_dict.py +117 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geodesic_piece.py +143 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geometric_structure.py +182 -0
- snappy/len_spec/geometry.py +80 -0
- snappy/len_spec/length_spectrum_geodesic_info.py +170 -0
- snappy/len_spec/spine.py +206 -0
- snappy/len_spec/test.py +24 -0
- snappy/len_spec/test_cases.py +69 -0
- snappy/len_spec/tile.py +275 -0
- snappy/len_spec/word.py +86 -0
- snappy/math_basics.py +39 -13
- snappy/matrix.py +52 -9
- snappy/number.py +12 -6
- snappy/numeric_output_checker.py +2 -3
- snappy/pari.py +8 -4
- snappy/phone_home.py +2 -1
- snappy/polyviewer.py +8 -8
- snappy/ptolemy/__init__.py +1 -1
- snappy/ptolemy/component.py +2 -2
- snappy/ptolemy/coordinates.py +25 -25
- snappy/ptolemy/findLoops.py +9 -9
- snappy/ptolemy/manifoldMethods.py +27 -29
- snappy/ptolemy/polynomial.py +50 -57
- snappy/ptolemy/processFileBase.py +60 -0
- snappy/ptolemy/ptolemyVariety.py +109 -41
- snappy/ptolemy/reginaWrapper.py +4 -4
- snappy/ptolemy/rur.py +1 -1
- snappy/ptolemy/solutionsToPrimeIdealGroebnerBasis.py +9 -9
- snappy/ptolemy/test.py +99 -54
- snappy/ptolemy/utilities.py +1 -1
- snappy/raytracing/__init__.py +64 -0
- snappy/raytracing/additional_horospheres.py +64 -0
- snappy/raytracing/additional_len_spec_choices.py +63 -0
- snappy/raytracing/cohomology_fractal.py +0 -3
- snappy/raytracing/eyeball.py +123 -0
- snappy/raytracing/finite_raytracing_data.py +17 -17
- snappy/raytracing/finite_viewer.py +15 -15
- snappy/raytracing/geodesic_tube_info.py +93 -63
- snappy/raytracing/geodesics.py +94 -64
- snappy/raytracing/geodesics_window.py +56 -34
- snappy/raytracing/gui_utilities.py +21 -6
- snappy/raytracing/hyperboloid_navigation.py +29 -4
- snappy/raytracing/hyperboloid_utilities.py +73 -73
- snappy/raytracing/ideal_raytracing_data.py +121 -91
- snappy/raytracing/inside_viewer.py +199 -66
- snappy/raytracing/pack.py +22 -0
- snappy/raytracing/raytracing_data.py +37 -25
- snappy/raytracing/raytracing_view.py +70 -65
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/Eye.png +0 -0
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/NonGeometric.png +0 -0
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/__init__.py +39 -3
- snappy/raytracing/shaders/fragment.glsl +451 -133
- snappy/raytracing/test.py +29 -0
- snappy/raytracing/tooltip.py +146 -0
- snappy/raytracing/upper_halfspace_utilities.py +42 -9
- snappy/sage_helper.py +67 -134
- snappy/settings.py +90 -77
- snappy/shell.py +2 -0
- snappy/snap/character_varieties.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/find_field.py +4 -3
- snappy/snap/fundamental_polyhedron.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/kernel_structures.py +5 -1
- snappy/snap/nsagetools.py +9 -8
- snappy/snap/peripheral/dual_cellulation.py +4 -3
- snappy/snap/peripheral/peripheral.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/peripheral/surface.py +5 -5
- snappy/snap/peripheral/test.py +1 -1
- snappy/snap/polished_reps.py +8 -8
- snappy/snap/slice_obs_HKL.py +16 -14
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/arrow.py +3 -3
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/edge.py +3 -3
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/homology.py +2 -2
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/mcomplex.py +3 -3
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/simplex.py +12 -0
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/spun.py +18 -17
- snappy/snap/t3mlite/test_vs_regina.py +4 -4
- snappy/snap/test.py +37 -53
- snappy/snap/utilities.py +4 -5
- snappy/test.py +121 -138
- snappy/test_cases.py +263 -0
- snappy/testing.py +131 -0
- snappy/tiling/__init__.py +2 -0
- snappy/tiling/canonical_key_dict.py +59 -0
- snappy/tiling/dict_based_set.py +79 -0
- snappy/tiling/floor.py +49 -0
- snappy/tiling/hyperboloid_dict.py +54 -0
- snappy/tiling/iter_utils.py +78 -0
- snappy/tiling/lifted_tetrahedron.py +22 -0
- snappy/tiling/lifted_tetrahedron_set.py +54 -0
- snappy/tiling/real_hash_dict.py +164 -0
- snappy/tiling/test.py +23 -0
- snappy/tiling/tile.py +215 -0
- snappy/tiling/triangle.py +33 -0
- snappy/tkterminal.py +116 -86
- snappy/twister/main.py +1 -7
- snappy/twister/twister_core.cpython-310-darwin.so +0 -0
- snappy/upper_halfspace/__init__.py +78 -17
- snappy/verify/__init__.py +3 -7
- snappy/verify/{verifyCanonical.py → canonical.py} +78 -70
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/adjust_torsion.py +1 -2
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/closed.py +13 -13
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/cusped.py +6 -6
- snappy/verify/complex_volume/extended_bloch.py +5 -8
- snappy/verify/{cuspTranslations.py → cusp_translations.py} +1 -1
- snappy/verify/edge_equations.py +80 -0
- snappy/verify/exceptions.py +0 -55
- snappy/verify/{verifyHyperbolicity.py → hyperbolicity.py} +3 -3
- snappy/verify/interval_newton_shapes_engine.py +7 -5
- snappy/verify/interval_tree.py +5 -5
- snappy/verify/krawczyk_shapes_engine.py +17 -18
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/__init__.py +7 -74
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_tiling_engine.py +3 -4
- snappy/verify/maximal_cusp_area_matrix/cusp_translate_engine.py +1 -1
- snappy/verify/{realAlgebra.py → real_algebra.py} +1 -1
- snappy/verify/shapes.py +5 -3
- snappy/verify/short_slopes.py +39 -41
- snappy/verify/{squareExtensions.py → square_extensions.py} +14 -11
- snappy/verify/test.py +57 -60
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/extended_matrix.py +1 -1
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/finite_point.py +3 -4
- snappy/verify/upper_halfspace/ideal_point.py +9 -9
- snappy/verify/volume.py +2 -2
- snappy/version.py +2 -2
- {snappy-3.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/METADATA +26 -11
- snappy-3.2.dist-info/RECORD +503 -0
- {snappy-3.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/WHEEL +1 -1
- {snappy-3.1.dist-info → snappy-3.2.dist-info}/top_level.txt +6 -1
- snappy/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/browser.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/cache.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/database.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/db_utilities.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/decorated_isosig.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/exceptions.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/export_stl.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/filedialog.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/gui.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/horoviewer.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/infowindow.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/math_basics.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/matrix.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/number.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/numeric_output_checker.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/pari.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/polyviewer.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/sage_helper.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/__pycache__/version.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/doc/_sources/verify_canon.rst.txt +0 -90
- snappy/doc/_static/js/html5shiv-printshiv.min.js +0 -4
- snappy/doc/_static/js/html5shiv.min.js +0 -4
- snappy/doc/verify_canon.html +0 -304
- snappy/drilling/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/drilling/__pycache__/constants.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
- snappy/drilling/__pycache__/crush.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
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- snappy/drilling/quotient_space.py +0 -94
- snappy/drilling/spatial_dict.py +0 -128
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- snappy/manifolds/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
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- snappy/ptolemy/__pycache__/coordinates.cpython-310.pyc +0 -0
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Installing SnapPy</a><ul>
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">snappy</span>
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<section id="linux-app">
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<h2>Linux app<a class="headerlink" href="#linux-app" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<a class="reference internal" href="#python-modules-for-linux">Python Modules for Linux</a>. Here is the recipe for installing the
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AppImage in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/bin</span></code> after you have downloaded the file
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<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/3-manifolds/SnapPy/releases/latest/download/SnapPy-x86_64.AppImage.">SnapPy-x86_64.AppImage</a>:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">mkdir</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">p</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="nb">bin</span>
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<span class="n">mv</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="n">Downloads</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">SnapPy</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x86_64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AppImage</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="nb">bin</span>
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<span class="n">chmod</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">SnapPy</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x86_64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AppImage</span>
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<span class="n">ln</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">f</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">SnapPy</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x86_64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AppImage</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">SnapPy</span>
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<span class="o">~/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">SnapPy</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x86_64</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">AppImage</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">install</span>
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your <a class="reference external" href="https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux">$PATH</a>.</p>
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<p>If you write Python programs on macOS or Windows, you may wish to
|
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support Python 3.9 and up. (On macOS, use a Python downloaded from
|
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|
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After installing Python, you may install a SnapPy module from your
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">snappy</span> <span class="n">snappy_15_knots</span>
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<
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<p>If you do not want the larger version of HTLinkExteriors that includes
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the 15 crossing knots (it uses 110M of disk space), omit
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snappy_15_knots</span></code> from the command.</p>
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<section id="python-modules-for-linux">
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<h2>Python Modules for Linux<a class="headerlink" href="#python-modules-for-linux" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>You can also use SnapPy with your Linux system’s version of Python,
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for example if you want to incorporate SnapPy in your own Python
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scripts. These instructions assume you have system administrator
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(superuser) privileges to install software packages from your Linux
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distribution. (If you’re not a superuser, use either the
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<a class="reference internal" href="#linux-app">Linux app</a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#conda">conda</a>.)</p>
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<p>The first step is to install Python and other requirements; here’s how
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to do that on the most popular Linux distributions:</p>
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<li><p><strong>Ubuntu/Debian/Mint/MX Linux/Elementary:</strong> Tested on Ubuntu 24.04:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">apt</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tk</span>
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<li><p><strong>
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available</a>.
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For CentOS and SciLinux, you can access EPEL packages by doing:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">yum</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">epel</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">release</span>
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<li><p><strong>Fedora</strong>: Tested on Fedora 41:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">dnf</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tkinter</span>
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<
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<span class="
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<span class="n">python36</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">snappy</span>
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<li><p><strong>Arch/Manjaro/EndeavourOS</strong>: Install via:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">pacman</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">Sy</span> <span class="n">python</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">tk</span>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">
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<span class="c1"># Note no "sudo" on the next one!</span>
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<span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">snappy</span>
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<li><p><strong>openSUSE</strong>: For Tumbleweed:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">zypper</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tk</span>
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<p>For Leap, as of version 15.6 you need to ask for a recent version of
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Python or it will give you Python 3.6 which is too old for SnapPy:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">zypper</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">python312</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">python312</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tk</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>You will need to replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code> by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3.12</span></code> in subsequent
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steps.</p>
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<span class="
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">snappy</span>
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<li><p><strong>Red Hat Enterprise Linux/CentOS/Rocky Linux/AlmaLinux:</strong>: These instructions
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are for version 8 or later; tested on AlmaLinux 8 and 9:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sudo</span> <span class="n">dnf</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="mf">.11</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">python3</span><span class="mf">.11</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tkinter</span>
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<p>You will also need to replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code> by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3.11</span></code> in subsequent
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steps.</p>
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<p>Next, you need to install the SnapPy Python modules. For this, you can
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either use a <em>virtual environment</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python</span> <span class="pre">-m</span> <span class="pre">venv</span></code>) or do a <em>user
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install</em> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span> <span class="pre">install</span> <span class="pre">--user</span></code>). The former will work on any
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version of Linux, whereas the latter is now strongly discouraged on
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many systems (e.g. Ubuntu 24.04). If you have not previously
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installed SnapPy on this computer, we recommend using a virtual
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environment, but suggest a user install if you are upgrading an
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existing version of SnapPy that was installed in that manner.</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>Virtual environment</dt><dd><p>Here is the <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/venv.html">official tutorial</a> on using virtual
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environments in Python and an <a class="reference external" href="https://realpython.com/python-virtual-environments-a-primer/">in-depth article</a>. A
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recipe is:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">venv</span> <span class="n">snappy_venv</span>
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<span class="c1"># Switch to snappy_venv's Python</span>
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<span class="n">source</span> <span class="n">snappy_venv</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">activate</span>
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<span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">snappy</span> <span class="n">snappy_15_knots</span>
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<span class="c1"># Start the SnapPy app!</span>
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<span class="n">SnapPy</span>
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<span class="c1"># Return to system Python</span>
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<span class="n">deactivate</span>
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<p>
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<
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<p>If you always want to use the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snappy_venv</span></code> Python, adjust your
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<a class="reference external" href="https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux">$PATH</a> to
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<strong>start</strong> with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snappy_venv/bin</span></code>.</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>User install</dt><dd><p>To do a user install with pip, try:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Note no "sudo" below!</span>
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">snappy</span> <span class="n">snappy_15_knots</span>
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<p>
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command “SnapPy” which does the same thing. To make it so that you
|
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can start SnapPy with just the command <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SnapPy</span></code>, make sure
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.local/bin</span></code> is in <a class="reference external" href="https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux">in your path</a>.</p>
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</section>
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<section id="python-modules-for-macintosh-or-windows">
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<h2>Python Modules for Macintosh or Windows<a class="headerlink" href="#python-modules-for-macintosh-or-windows" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>If you write Python programs on a Macintosh or Windows system, you may
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wish to install SnapPy as a Python module into your own copy of
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Python. We support Python 3.6 and up. (On macOS, use a Python
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downloaded from <a class="reference external" href="http://python.org">Python.org</a> and not the one
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provided by Apple.) After installing Python, you may install a SnapPy
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module from your Terminal application or Command Prompt with the
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commands:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">snappy</span>
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<p>If you get a long error message that starts:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">externally</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">managed</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">environment</span>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="
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<p>you should probably use a virtual environment; however,
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you can force pip to do a user install via:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Note no "sudo" below!</span>
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="k">break</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">system</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">packages</span> <span class="n">snappy</span> <span class="n">snappy_15_knots</span>
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<p>
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<p>Despite the scary name, provided you don’t use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sudo</span></code>, this will
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not actually modify the system packages, but rather install
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">snappy</span></code> into the subdirectory
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.local/share/python3.*/site-packages</span></code> of your home directory.</p>
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<p>After a user install, you run the following command to start
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the app:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">~/.</span><span class="n">local</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">SnapPy</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>So that you can start SnapPy with just the command <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SnapPy</span></code>, make
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sure <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.local/bin</span></code> is in <a class="reference external" href="https://opensource.com/article/17/6/set-path-linux">in your path</a>.</p>
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</dd>
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<h2>SageMath<a class="headerlink" href="#sagemath" title="
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<h2>SageMath<a class="headerlink" href="#sagemath" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>SnapPy has some special features when used within <a class="reference external" href="http://sagemath.org">SageMath</a>, the universal mathematics software based on
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existing copy of SageMath
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<
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optional package via the following if using Sage 6.4 or newer:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">snappy</span>
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<span class="n">sage</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">snappy_15_knots</span> <span class="c1"># Larger version of HTLinkExteriors</span>
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existing copy of SageMath:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="n">snappy</span> <span class="n">snappy_15_knots</span>
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<p>If you are on macOS, we recommend use <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/3-manifolds/Sage_macOS/releases">this binary</a>.</p>
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<p>Alternatively, SageMath on <a class="reference external" href="https://cocalc.com/">CoCalc</a> (formerly
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the SageMathCloud) also has SnapPy preinstalled, and the graphics
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features even work via the <a class="reference external" href="http://blog.sagemath.com/cocalc/2018/11/05/x11.html">X11 interface</a>, see the
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bottom of that page for more.</p>
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</
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the <cite>“gl.h” headers <openglmesa></cite>. The graphical features may or may
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not work, depending on how Tkinter was configured within Sage, and may
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seem to “hang” when you try to start them. To deal with the latter
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issue type “%gui tk” at the Sage prompt; please note that doing so may
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break Sage’s “attach” feature.</p>
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<p>The graphical features may or may not work, depending on how Tkinter
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was configured within Sage. (There is no problem on macOS if you use
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this <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/3-manifolds/Sage_macOS/releases">SageMath binary</a>.) If the
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graphical features seem to “hang” when you try to start them, type
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<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%gui</span> <span class="pre">tk</span></code> at the Sage prompt; please note that doing so may break
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Sage’s “attach” feature.</p>
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<h2>Kitchen sink<a class="headerlink" href="#kitchen-sink" title="
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<h2>Kitchen sink<a class="headerlink" href="#kitchen-sink" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>SnapPy gains extra features when used in <a class="reference external" href="http://sagemath.org">SageMath</a> and one can use
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Sage’s Python to interact not just with SnapPy but a range of other
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computational tools in low-dimensional topology including
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<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/3-manifolds/gridlink">gridlink</a>,
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and <a class="reference external" href="http://flipper.readthedocs.io">flipper</a>.
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We offer a <a class="reference external" href="https://hub.docker.com/r/computop/sage/">prepackaged Docker image</a> with all of the above tools
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and many more; using this is
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working setup for such multifaceted computations. For more, watch
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and many more; using this is sometimes the easiest way to get a
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working setup for such multifaceted computations, especially on Windows. For more, watch
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<a class="reference external" href="https://icerm.brown.edu/video_archive/?play=1992">this demonstration</a>.</p>
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<p>We also offer <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/unhyperbolic/condaForSnapPy">conda environments</a> with SnapPy and
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optionally Sage (only on Mac OS and Linux). While it has none of the
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other aforementioned tools, it has the advantage that the GUI elements
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such as the link editor and the browser can be used directly.</p>
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“python3-devel”, and “python3-wheel”.</p></li>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">plink</span>
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">plink</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">app</span> <span class="c1"># Should start the link editor!</span>
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<li><p>Support for OpenGL (3D graphics): This is built in on OS X and the
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most installations of Fedora and Ubuntu. But you’ll need the <a class="reference external" href="http://www.mesa3d.org/">MESA</a> header files “gl.h” and “glu.h” to compile
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SnapPy. On Debian and Ubuntu, install “libglu1-mesa-dev”; On Fedora install
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“mesa-libGLU-devel”.</p></li>
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<li><p><a class="reference external" href="http://cython.org">Cython</a>, which you can install via:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">cython</span>
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<li><p>The gcc C++ compiler, g++.</p></li>
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library. Usually, you can install this with:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="n">cypari</span>
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<p>Now download the <a class="reference internal" href="#source-code">source code</a> listed below, for instance</p>
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<pre class="literal-block">wget <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/snappy/">https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/snappy/</a>snappy-3.1.tar.gz
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tar xfz snappy-3.1.tar.gz; cd snappy-*</pre>
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<p>There is one more dependency that may need to be dealt with:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p><a class="reference external" href="http://togl.sf.net">Togl</a>: a 3d widget for Tk. For OS X and
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subdirectory, e.g. snappy/linux2-tk8.4. For Linux these are built
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for 64-bit kernels, and should work on most systems. If they don’t,
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you’ll need to edit or follow “build_togl.sh” to build Togl directly.</p></li>
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<p>Finally, compile and install the SnapPy module (which will install
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certain other dependencies) and test:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python3</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">build</span>
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">user</span> <span class="o">.</span>
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">snappy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">test</span>
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<span class="n">python3</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">snappy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">app</span>
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<section id="conda">
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<h2>Conda<a class="headerlink" href="#conda" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>Conda can be used to install Python on all platforms and is a
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particularly good choice to use SnapPy on the older Linux systems
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often found on high-performance clusters. Here is a recipe for
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installing SnapPy into a new conda environment on macOS or Linux:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">source</span> <span class="o">~/</span><span class="n">miniforge3</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">activate</span>
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<span class="n">mamba</span> <span class="n">create</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">name</span> <span class="n">snappy_env</span> <span class="n">python</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">3.12</span>
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<span class="n">conda</span> <span class="n">activate</span> <span class="n">snappy_env</span>
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<span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">snappy</span>
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<span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">snappy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">app</span>
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<h2>Source code<a class="headerlink" href="#source-code" title="
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<p>The complete source code for all platforms: <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/snappy/snappy-3.
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<h2>Source code<a class="headerlink" href="#source-code" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
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<p>The complete source code for all platforms: <a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/snappy/snappy-3.2.tar.gz">snappy-3.2.tar.gz</a></p>
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<p>You can also browse our <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/3-manifolds/SnapPy">source code repository</a> or clone it using <a class="reference external" href="https://git-scm.com/">git</a> via:</p>
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<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">git</span> <span class="n">clone</span> <span class="n">https</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">github</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">manifolds</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">SnapPy</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">git</span>
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<p>© Copyright 2009-
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<p>© Copyright 2009-2025, by Marc Culler, Nathan Dunfield, Matthias Goerner, Jeffrey Weeks and others.</p>
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