snappy 3.1.1__cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl → 3.2__cp310-cp310-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

snappy/doc/_sources/verify_canon.rst.txt

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-Canonical retriangulation and isometry signature
---------------------------------------------------------
-
-The canonical retriangulation is a close relative to the canonical cell
-decomposition defined by `Epstein and Penner 
-<https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jdg/1214441650>`_.
-Like the canonical cell decomposition, it is intrinsic to
-a hyperbolic manifold M and is (up to combinatorial isomorphism
-relabeling the tetrahedra and vertices) completely determined by the
-isometry type of a hyperbolic manifold. Unlike the canonical cell decomposition,
-the canonical retriangulation always consists entirely of tetrahedra which makes
-it more amenable for many computations by SnapPy.
-
-If the canonical cell decomposition of manifold M has only tetrahedral cells,
-we define the canonical retriangulation to be the canonical cell decomposition.
-In this case, the canonical retriangulation consists of ideal hyperbolic
-tetrahedra and the ``canonical_retriangulation`` method returns a
-SnapPy manifold. Example::
-
-   sage: M = Manifold("m015")
-   sage: K = M.canonical_retriangulation(verified = True)
-   sage: K.has_finite_vertices() # False iff all canonical cells tetrahedral
-   False
-
-If the canonical cell decomposition has non-tetrahedral cells, we turn it into
-a topological triangulation as follows: pick a point (called center) in each
-3-cell. "Suspend" each 2-cell (which is an ideal n-gon) between
-the centers of the two neighboring 3-cells. These suspensions form a
-decomposition of M into topological "diamonds". Each diamond can be split along
-its central axis into n tetrahedra. This introduces finite vertices, thus
-the ``verified_canonical_retriangulation`` method returns only a SnapPy
-triangulation. Example (canonical cell is a cube)::
- 
-   sage: M = Manifold("m412")
-   sage: K = M.canonical_retriangulation(verified = True)
-   sage: K.has_finite_vertices()
-   True
-
-The canonical retriangulation can be used to certifiably find all isometries
-of a manifold::
-  
-   sage: K.isomorphisms_to(K)
-   [0 -> 1  1 -> 0
-    [1 0]   [1 0] 
-    [0 1]   [0 1] 
-    Extends to link,
-    ...
-    Extends to link]
-   sage: len(K.isomorphisms_to(K))
-   8
-
-Recall that the *isomorphism
-signature* is a complete invariant of the combinatorial
-isomorphism type of a triangulation that was defined by `Burton
-<http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.6080>`_. We can compute the isomorphism signature
-of the canonical retriangulation::
-
-   sage: Manifold("m003").canonical_retriangulation(verified = True).triangulation_isosig()
-   'cPcbbbdxm'
-
-The resulting invariant was called *isometry signature* by
-`Goerner <http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00383>`_ and, for convenience, can be
-accessed by::
-   
-   sage: Manifold("m003").isometry_signature(verified = True)
-   'cPcbbbdxm'
-
-It is a complete invariant of the isometry type of a hyperbolic manifold.
-Thus it can be used to easily identify isometric manifolds
-(here, the last two manifolds have the same isometry signature and thus
-have to be isomorphic)::
-
-   sage: Manifold("m003").isometry_signature(verified = True)
-   'cPcbbbdxm'
-   sage: Manifold("m004").isometry_signature(verified = True)
-   'cPcbbbiht'
-   sage: Manifold("4_1").isometry_signature(verified = True)
-   'cPcbbbiht'
-   sage: Manifold("m004").isometry_signature(verified = True) == Manifold("4_1").isometry_signature(verified = True)
-   True
-
-
-Other applications of the canonical retriangulation include the detection of
-2-bridge knots.
-
-=======================================
-Verifying the canonical retriangulation
-=======================================
-
-..   autofunction:: snappy.verify.verified_canonical_retriangulation

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-<li class="toctree-l5"><a class="reference internal" href="#snappy.verify.verified_canonical_retriangulation"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verified_canonical_retriangulation()</span></code></a></li>
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-  <section id="canonical-retriangulation-and-isometry-signature">
-<h1>Canonical retriangulation and isometry signature<a class="headerlink" href="#canonical-retriangulation-and-isometry-signature" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h1>
-<p>The canonical retriangulation is a close relative to the canonical cell
-decomposition defined by <a class="reference external" href="https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.jdg/1214441650">Epstein and Penner</a>.
-Like the canonical cell decomposition, it is intrinsic to
-a hyperbolic manifold M and is (up to combinatorial isomorphism
-relabeling the tetrahedra and vertices) completely determined by the
-isometry type of a hyperbolic manifold. Unlike the canonical cell decomposition,
-the canonical retriangulation always consists entirely of tetrahedra which makes
-it more amenable for many computations by SnapPy.</p>
-<p>If the canonical cell decomposition of manifold M has only tetrahedral cells,
-we define the canonical retriangulation to be the canonical cell decomposition.
-In this case, the canonical retriangulation consists of ideal hyperbolic
-tetrahedra and the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">canonical_retriangulation</span></code> method returns a
-SnapPy manifold. Example:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m015&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">has_finite_vertices</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="c1"># False iff all canonical cells tetrahedral</span>
-<span class="kc">False</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>If the canonical cell decomposition has non-tetrahedral cells, we turn it into
-a topological triangulation as follows: pick a point (called center) in each
-3-cell. “Suspend” each 2-cell (which is an ideal n-gon) between
-the centers of the two neighboring 3-cells. These suspensions form a
-decomposition of M into topological “diamonds”. Each diamond can be split along
-its central axis into n tetrahedra. This introduces finite vertices, thus
-the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span></code> method returns only a SnapPy
-triangulation. Example (canonical cell is a cube):</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m412&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">has_finite_vertices</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="kc">True</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>The canonical retriangulation can be used to certifiably find all isometries
-of a manifold:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isomorphisms_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="mi">1</span>  <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="o">-&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
- <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>   <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span>
- <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>   <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span>
- <span class="n">Extends</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">link</span><span class="p">,</span>
- <span class="o">...</span>
- <span class="n">Extends</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">link</span><span class="p">]</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isomorphisms_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="mi">8</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Recall that the <em>isomorphism
-signature</em> is a complete invariant of the combinatorial
-isomorphism type of a triangulation that was defined by <a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.6080">Burton</a>. We can compute the isomorphism signature
-of the canonical retriangulation:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m003&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">triangulation_isosig</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="s1">&#39;cPcbbbdxm&#39;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>The resulting invariant was called <em>isometry signature</em> by
-<a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00383">Goerner</a> and, for convenience, can be
-accessed by:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m003&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isometry_signature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="s1">&#39;cPcbbbdxm&#39;</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>It is a complete invariant of the isometry type of a hyperbolic manifold.
-Thus it can be used to easily identify isometric manifolds
-(here, the last two manifolds have the same isometry signature and thus
-have to be isomorphic):</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m003&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isometry_signature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="s1">&#39;cPcbbbdxm&#39;</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m004&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isometry_signature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="s1">&#39;cPcbbbiht&#39;</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isometry_signature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="s1">&#39;cPcbbbiht&#39;</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m004&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isometry_signature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;4_1&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isometry_signature</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">verified</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="kc">True</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Other applications of the canonical retriangulation include the detection of
-2-bridge knots.</p>
-<section id="verifying-the-canonical-retriangulation">
-<h2>Verifying the canonical retriangulation<a class="headerlink" href="#verifying-the-canonical-retriangulation" title="Permalink to this heading"></a></h2>
-<dl class="py function">
-<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="snappy.verify.verified_canonical_retriangulation">
-<span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">snappy.verify.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">M</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">interval_bits_precs</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">[53,</span> <span class="pre">212]</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">exact_bits_prec_and_degrees</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">[(212,</span> <span class="pre">10),</span> <span class="pre">(1000,</span> <span class="pre">20),</span> <span class="pre">(2000,</span> <span class="pre">20)]</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">verbose</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">False</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#snappy.verify.verified_canonical_retriangulation" title="Permalink to this definition"></a></dt>
-<dd><p>Given some triangulation of a cusped (possibly non-orientable) manifold <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">M</span></code>,
-return its canonical retriangulation. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if it could not certify
-the result.</p>
-<p>To compute the canonical retriangulation, it first prepares the manifold
-(filling all Dehn-filled cusps and trying to find a proto-canonical
-triangulation).
-It then tries to certify the canonical triangulation using interval
-arithmetics. If this fails, it uses snap (using <a class="reference external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenstra%E2%80%93Lenstra%E2%80%93Lov%C3%A1sz_lattice_basis_reduction_algorithm">LLL-algorithm</a>)
-to guess
-exact representations of the shapes in the shape field and then certifies
-that it found the proto-canonical triangulation and determines the
-transparent faces to construct the canonical retriangulation.</p>
-<p>The optional arguments are:</p>
-<ul class="simple">
-<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interval_bits_precs</span></code>:
-a list of precisions used to try to
-certify the canonical triangulation using intervals. By default, it
-first tries to certify using 53 bits precision. If it failed, it tries
-212 bits precision next. If it failed again, it moves on to trying exact
-arithmetics.</p></li>
-<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exact_bits_prec_and_degrees</span></code>:
-a list of pairs (precision, maximal degree) used when the LLL-algorithm
-is trying to find the defining polynomial of the shape field.
-Similar to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interval_bits_precs</span></code>, each pair is tried until we succeed.</p></li>
-<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">verbose</span></code>:
-If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, print out additional information.</p></li>
-</ul>
-<p>The exact arithmetics can take a long time. To circumvent it, use
-<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exact_bits_prec_and_degrees</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p>
-<p>More information on the canonical retriangulation can be found in the
-SnapPea kernel <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">canonize_part_2.c</span></code> and in Section 3.1 of
-<a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.00383">Fominykh, Garoufalidis, Goerner, Tarkaev, Vesnin</a>.</p>
-<p>Canonical cell decomposition of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m004</span></code> has 2 tetrahedral cells:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">snappy</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m004&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">has_finite_vertices</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="kc">False</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">num_tetrahedra</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="mi">2</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Canonical cell decomposition of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m137</span></code> is not tetrahedral:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m137&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">has_finite_vertices</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="kc">True</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">num_tetrahedra</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="mi">18</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Canonical cell decomposition of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">m412</span></code> is a cube and has exactly 8
-symmetries:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m412&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">has_finite_vertices</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="kc">True</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">num_tetrahedra</span><span class="p">()</span>
-<span class="mi">12</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isomorphisms_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">))</span>
-<span class="mi">8</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p><a class="reference external" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1311.7615">Burton’s example</a> of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x101</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">x103</span></code> which are actually isometric but
-SnapPea fails to show so. We certify the canonical retriangulation and
-find them isomorphic:</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x101&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;x103&#39;</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="n">L</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">len</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">isomorphisms_to</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">L</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="o">&gt;</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
-<span class="kc">True</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-<p>Avoid potentially expensive exact arithmetics (return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> because it has
-non-tetrahedral cells so interval arithmetics can’t certify it):</p>
-<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Manifold</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;m412&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
-<span class="n">sage</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">verified_canonical_retriangulation</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">exact_bits_prec_and_degrees</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
-</pre></div>
-</div>
-</dd></dl>
-
-</section>
-</section>
-
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