siat 3.7.29__py3-none-any.whl → 3.8.2__py3-none-any.whl

siat/economy2.py

@@ -0,0 +1,976 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+本模块功能：宏观经济基本面分析
+所属工具包：证券投资分析工具SIAT 
+SIAT：Security Investment Analysis Tool
+创建日期：2025年3月9日
+最新修订日期：2025年3月10日
+作者：王德宏 (WANG Dehong, Peter)
+作者单位：北京外国语大学国际商学院
+版权所有：王德宏
+用途限制：仅限研究与教学使用，不可商用！商用需要额外授权。
+特别声明：作者不对使用本工具进行证券投资导致的任何损益负责！
+"""
+#==============================================================================
+#关闭所有警告
+import warnings; warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
+from siat.grafix import *
+from siat.common import *
+from siat.translate import *
+#==============================================================================
+import pandas as pd
+from pandas_datareader import wb
+import requests
+
+#==============================================================================
+if __name__=='__main__':
+    key_words='GDP per capita'
+    top=5; note=False
+    
+    indicator_wb(key_words='GDP',top=10,note=False)
+
+def find_economic_indicator(key_words='GDP',top=10, \
+                            note=False,translate=False,source='wb'):
+    """
+    ===========================================================================
+    功能：查找宏观经济指标代码
+    参数：
+    key_words：关键词，支持多关键词，使用空格隔开，默认'GDP'
+    top：显示最相似的若干个指标，默认10
+    note：是否显示指标的描述，默认否False
+    translate：是否调用AI大模型进行翻译，若翻译可能影响反应速度，默认否False
+    source：信息来源，默认'wb'
+    
+    注意：有时网络可能拒绝访问，可以换个时段再次进行访问
+    """
+    if source=='wb':
+        df=indicator_wb(key_words=key_words,top=top,note=note,translate=translate)
+    else:
+        print("  Sorry, the source option currently only supports wb (World Bank)")
+        
+    return
+
+def indicator_wb(key_words='GDP',top=20,note=False,translate=False):
+   """
+   ============================================================================
+   功能：在WB/IMF/FRED数据库中查找宏观经济指标的代码
+   参数：
+   key_words：可包括多个关键词，使用空格隔开，不区分大小写
+   top：输出相似度最高的，默认5个
+   note：是否显示每个指标的注释，默认False
+   
+   输出：基于文本相似度，输出可能的指标代码及其简介
+   
+   返回值：可能的指标代码及其简介
+   """
+   
+   # 拆分关键词字符串为列表
+   words_list=key_words.split(' ')
+   
+   # 循环查找每个关键词，并合成
+   df=None
+   for word in words_list:
+       try:
+           df_tmp=wb.search(word)
+       except:
+           print("  Sorry, data source rejected connection, try again later")
+           return None
+       
+       # 合并
+       if df is None:
+           df=df_tmp
+       else:
+           df=pd.concat([df,df_tmp])
+   
+   # 去重
+   df.drop_duplicates(subset=['id'],keep='first',inplace=True)
+   
+   # 去掉名称中的逗号、左右括号、美元符号和百分号，以免降低模糊匹配度
+   import re
+   #df['name2']=df['name'].apply(lambda x: re.sub('[(),$%]', '', x))
+   df['name2']=df['name'].apply(lambda x: re.sub('[(),]', '', x))
+   
+   # 匹配相似度
+   df2=fuzzy_search_wb(df,key_words=key_words,column='name2',top=top)
+   
+   # 遍历输出
+   if len(df2)==0:
+       print(f"Sorry, no indicator found with key words: {key_words}")
+       return None
+       
+   #print('') #空一行
+   for row in df2.itertuples():
+       
+       print(f"{row.id}",end=': ')
+       if not translate:
+           print(f"{row.name}",end='')
+       else:
+           print(f"{row.name}[{lang_auto2(row.name)}]",end='')
+       if row.unit != '':
+           print(f", unit: {row.unit}")
+       else:
+           print('')
+       if note:
+           if row.sourceNote != '':
+               print(f"{row.sourceNote}")
+               if translate:
+                   print(f"{lang_auto2(row.sourceNote)}")
+               print('') #空一行
+   
+   return df2
+
+#==============================================================================
+if __name__=='__main__':
+    key_words='GDP per capita'
+    column='name'
+    top=10
+
+def fuzzy_search_wb(df,key_words='GDP per capita',column='name',top=10):
+    """
+    ===========================================================================
+    功能：给定key_words，模糊搜索df的column字段，列出匹配度最高的10个指标及其解释
+    参数：
+    df：wb.search产生的指标集
+    column：需要搜索的字段名，默认'id'
+    key_words：需要匹配的关键词组，默认'GDP'
+    top：列出模糊匹配度最高的若干个指标，默认10
+    
+    输出：无
+    返回：指标列表
+    """
+    
+    # 将关键词组和列中的每个值都转换为小写单词集合
+    def normalize_text(text):
+        return set(text.lower().split())
+    
+    # 应用函数并比较集合
+    df["normalized_"+column] = df[column].apply(normalize_text)
+    key_words_set = normalize_text(key_words)
+    
+    # 计算相似度（基于集合的交集和并集）
+    def calculate_similarity(text_set, key_words_set):
+        intersection = text_set.intersection(key_words_set)
+        union = text_set.union(key_words_set)
+        return len(intersection) / len(union)
+    
+    df["similarity"] = df["normalized_"+column].apply(lambda x: calculate_similarity(x, key_words_set))
+
+    # 按相似度降序
+    df.sort_values(['similarity'], ascending = False, inplace=True)
+    
+    df2=df[['id','name','unit','sourceNote']].head(top)
+
+    return df2
+        
+#==============================================================================
+if __name__ =="__main__":
+    indicator="NY.GDP.MKTP.KN"
+    indicator="6.0.GDP_current"
+    indicator="XYZ123"
+    
+    indicator_name_wb(indicator)
+
+def indicator_name_wb(indicator='NY.GDP.MKTP.KN'):
+    """
+    ===========================================================================
+    功能：抓取World Bank网页上指标的名称
+    indicator：WB指标名称，默认'NY.GDP.MKTP.KN'
+    """
+    
+    # 构造 API 请求 URL
+    url = f"https://api.worldbank.org/v2/indicator/{indicator}?format=json"
+    
+    # 发送请求
+    response = requests.get(url)
+    data = response.json()
+    
+    # 提取指标名称
+    try:
+        indicator_name = data[1][0]['name']
+    except:
+        indicator_name = ''
+    
+    return indicator_name
+
+
+#==============================================================================
+if __name__ =="__main__":
+    ticker='CN'; show_name=True
+    check_country_code('ZWE',show_name=True)
+    check_country_code('ZAF',show_name=True)
+    check_country_code('cn',show_name=True)
+    
+def check_country_code(ticker='CN',show_name=False):
+    """
+    ===========================================================================
+    功能：检查国家代码是否支持
+    ticker：国家代码
+    show_name：是否显示国家名称，默认否False
+    
+    返回值：若国家代码在列表中，True；否则，False
+    """
+    country_codes=wb.country_codes
+    
+    elements_to_remove = ['all','ALL','All']
+    country_code_list = [x for x in country_codes if x not in elements_to_remove]
+    
+    result=False
+    if ticker in country_code_list:
+        result=True
+        
+    if show_name:
+        if result:
+            indicator='NY.GDP.MKTP.KN'
+            df=economy_indicator_wb(ticker=ticker,indicator=indicator, \
+                                  start='2000',graph=False)
+            if not (df is None):
+                if len(df) >= 1:
+                    country_name=df['country'].values[0]
+                    print(f"Country code {ticker} refers to {country_name}")
+                else:
+                    print(f"Country code {ticker} found, but its name not found")
+            else:
+                print(f"Found country code {ticker}, but its name not found")
+        else:
+            print(f"Country code {ticker} not found")
+    
+    return result
+
+
+#==============================================================================
+if __name__ =="__main__":
+    ticker='CN'
+    indicator="NY.GDP.MKTP.KN"
+    indicator="GC.XPN.TOTL.GD.ZS"
+    
+    start='2010'; end='2025'; power=3
+    
+    zeroline=False
+    attention_value=''; attention_value_area=''
+    attention_point=''; attention_point_area=''
+    average_value=False
+    datatag=False; graph=True
+    mark_top=True; mark_bottom=True; mark_end=True
+    facecolor='whitesmoke';loc='best'
+   
+    
+    df=economy_indicator_wb(ticker,indicator,start,end,power=3)
+
+def economy_indicator_wb(ticker='CN',indicator='NY.GDP.MKTP.KN', \
+                      start='L10Y',end='today',translate=False, \
+                      zeroline=False, \
+                           attention_value='',attention_value_area='', \
+                           attention_point='',attention_point_area='', \
+                      average_value=False, \
+                      datatag=False,power=0,graph=True, \
+                      mark_top=True,mark_bottom=True,mark_end=True, \
+                      facecolor='whitesmoke',loc='best',maxticks=30):
+    """
+    ===========================================================================
+    功能：绘制一个国家的一个宏观经济指标走势
+    参数：
+    ticker：国家编码，两位,默认'CN'
+    indicator：宏观经济指标，默认GDP (constant LCU)，即本币不变价格GDP
+    start：开始日期，默认近十年
+    end：结束日期，默认当前日期
+    zeroline：是否绘制零线，默认False
+    attention_value：纵轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_value_area：纵轴关注值区间强调，默认无''
+    attention_point：横轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_point_area：横轴关注值区间强调，默认无''
+    average_value：是否绘制均值线，默认否False
+    datatag：是否标记折线中的各个数据点的数值，默认否False
+    power：是否绘制趋势线，默认否0
+    graph：是否绘图，默认是True
+    mark_top, mark_bottom, mark_end：是否标记最高、最低和末端点：默认是True
+    facecolor：背景颜色，默认'whitesmoke'
+    loc：图例位置，默认自动'best'
+    
+    输出：图形
+    返回值：数据表
+    """
+    # 检测指标是否存在，并取得指标名称
+    indicator_name=indicator_name_wb(indicator)
+    if indicator_name == '':
+        print(f"  #Error(economy_indicator_wb): no indicator found for {indicator}")
+        return None
+    
+    # 日期具体化    
+    start,end=start_end_preprocess(start,end)
+    
+    # 下载数据
+    try:
+        pricedf=wb.download(indicator=indicator,country=ticker,start=start,end=end)
+    except:
+        print(f"  #Error(economy_indicator_wb): either {indicator} deprecated or {ticker} does not exist")
+        return None
+
+    # 是否返回None
+    if pricedf is None:
+        print(f"  #Error(economy_indicator_wb): no data found on {indicator} for {ticker}")
+        return None
+    # 是否返回空的数据表
+    if len(pricedf) == 0:
+        print(f"  #Error(economy_indicator_wb): zero data found on {indicator} for {ticker}")
+        return None
+    # 是否返回数据表但内容均为NaN
+    if pricedf[indicator].isnull().all():
+        print(f"  #Error(economy_indicator_wb): all empty data found on {indicator} for {ticker}")
+        return None
+
+    pricedf.reset_index(inplace=True)  
+    pricedf.set_index('year',inplace=True)    
+    pricedf.rename(columns={indicator:indicator_name},inplace=True)
+    country=pricedf['country'].values[0]
+    pricedf.sort_index(inplace=True)
+    #pricedf.drop(columns='country',inplace=True)
+    
+    erdf3=pricedf
+
+    # 换算数量单位
+    ind_max=erdf3[indicator_name].max(); ind_min=erdf3[indicator_name].min()
+    ind_median=erdf3[indicator_name].median()
+
+    kilo=1000; million=kilo * 1000; billion=million * 1000
+    trillion=billion * 1000; quadrillion=trillion * 1000
+    
+    if ind_median > quadrillion:
+        unit=text_lang('单位：千万亿','in Quadrillions'); unit_amount=quadrillion
+    elif ind_median > trillion:
+        unit=text_lang('单位：万亿','in Trillions'); unit_amount=trillion
+    elif ind_median > billion:
+        unit=text_lang('单位：十亿','in Billions'); unit_amount=billion
+    elif ind_median > million:
+        unit=text_lang('单位：百万','in Millions'); unit_amount=million
+    elif ind_median > kilo:
+        unit=text_lang('单位：千','in Thousands'); unit_amount=kilo
+    else:
+        unit=''; unit_amount=1
+        
+    erdf3['unit']=unit
+        
+    if unit != '':
+        erdf3[indicator_name]=erdf3[indicator_name].apply(lambda x: round(x/unit_amount,2))
+
+    # 绘图
+    if not graph:
+        return erdf3
+
+    # 判断是否绘制零线    
+    if ind_max * ind_min <0:
+        zeroline=True
+    
+    titletxt1=text_lang("经济趋势分析","Economic Trend Analysis")
+    titletxt=titletxt1+': '+country+', '+indicator_name
+    if unit != '':
+        titletxt=titletxt+', '+unit
+    
+    import datetime; todaydt = datetime.date.today()
+    sourcetxt=text_lang("数据来源：WB/IMF/FRED","Data source: World Bank")
+    footnote=sourcetxt+', '+str(todaydt)
+    collabel=indicator_name
+    
+    ylabeltxt=indicator_name
+    
+    # 为避免绘图出错，对空值进行插值
+    erdf3.interpolate(method='linear',limit_direction='both',inplace=True)
+    
+    # 翻译：挪到绘图函数中
+    """
+    if translate:
+        ylabeltxt=lang_auto2(ylabeltxt)
+        titletxt=lang_auto2(titletxt)
+    """
+    try:
+        plot_line(erdf3,indicator_name,collabel,ylabeltxt,titletxt,footnote,datatag=datatag, \
+                  power=power,zeroline=zeroline, \
+                  average_value=average_value, \
+                      attention_value=attention_value,attention_value_area=attention_value_area, \
+                      attention_point=attention_point,attention_point_area=attention_point_area, \
+                  mark_top=mark_top,mark_bottom=mark_bottom,mark_end=mark_end, \
+                  facecolor=facecolor,loc=loc,maxticks=30,translate=translate)
+    except Exception as e:
+        # 捕获所有异常
+        print(f"Error：{e}")
+        print("Details:")
+        import traceback
+        traceback.print_exc()
+    
+    return erdf3
+
+
+#==============================================================
+if __name__ =="__main__":
+    ticker='CN'
+    indicator=['NY.GDP.MKTP.CN','NY.GDP.MKTP.KN','NY.GDP.MKTP.CD','XYZ']
+    start='2010'
+    end='2025'
+    
+    attention_value=''; attention_value_area=''
+    attention_point=''; attention_point_area=''
+    band_area=''
+    graph=True
+    smooth=True
+    loc='best'
+    facecolor='whitesmoke'
+    date_range=False
+    date_freq=False
+    annotate=False
+    annotate_value=False
+    mark_top=True; mark_bottom=True; mark_end=True
+    maxticks=30
+    
+    df=economy_mindicators_wb(ticker,measures,fromdate,todate)
+
+def economy_mindicators_wb(ticker='CN',indicator=['NY.GDP.MKTP.CN','NY.GDP.MKTP.KN'], \
+                           start='L10Y',end='today', \
+                               attention_value='',attention_value_area='', \
+                               attention_point='',attention_point_area='', \
+                               band_area='', \
+                           graph=True,smooth=False,loc='best',facecolor='whitesmoke', \
+                           date_range=False,date_freq=False, \
+                           annotate=False,annotate_value=False, \
+                           mark_top=False,mark_bottom=False,mark_end=False, \
+                           maxticks=30,translate=False):
+    """
+    ===========================================================================
+    功能：单个国家，多个宏观经济指标对比
+    主要参数：
+    ticker：国家代码，默认'CN'
+    indicator：指标代码列表，默认['NY.GDP.MKTP.CN','NY.GDP.MKTP.KN']
+    start：开始日期，默认'L10Y'
+    end：截止日期，默认'today'
+    attention_value：纵轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_value_area：纵轴关注值区间强调，默认无''
+    attention_point：横轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_point_area：横轴关注值区间强调，默认无''
+    band_area：两条曲线之间强调，默认无''
+    graph：是否绘图，默认True
+    loc：图例位置，默认自动'best'
+    facecolor：画布背景颜色，默认'whitesmoke'
+    annotate：是否在曲线末端标注，默认否False
+    annotate_value：是否标注曲线末端值，默认否False
+    mark_top, mark_bottom, mark_end：是否标注最大、最小、末端值，默认否
+    maxticks=30：限制横轴刻度最大数量
+    
+    date_range=False：指定开始结束日期绘图
+    date_freq=False：指定横轴日期间隔，例如'D'、'2D'、'W'、'M'等，横轴一般不超过25个标注，否则会重叠
+    
+    输出：图形
+    返回值：数据表
+    """
+    DEBUG=False
+    
+    measures=indicator
+    fromdate,todate=start_end_preprocess(start,end)
+    
+    #处理ticker，允许1个
+    if isinstance(ticker,list):
+        if len(ticker) >= 1:
+            ticker=ticker[0]
+        else:
+            print("  #Error(economy_mindicators_wb): need at least 1 country to continue")
+            return None
+
+    #处理measures，允许多个
+    if isinstance(measures,str):
+        measures=[measures]
+
+    #屏蔽函数内print信息输出的类
+    import os, sys
+    class HiddenPrints:
+        def __enter__(self):
+            self._original_stdout = sys.stdout
+            sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, 'w')
+
+        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+            sys.stdout.close()
+            sys.stdout = self._original_stdout
+
+    df=pd.DataFrame(); have_data=False
+    indicator_list=[]; unit_list=[]
+    for m in measures:
+        print(f"  Searching indicator {m} ... ...")
+
+        with HiddenPrints():
+            dftmp=economy_indicator_wb(ticker=ticker,indicator=m, \
+                                  start=fromdate,end=todate, \
+                                  graph=False)
+        if dftmp is None:
+            print(f"  #Warning(economy_mindicators_wb): none found for {m} with {ticker}")
+            continue
+            #return None
+        if len(dftmp) ==0:
+            print(f"  #Warning(economy_mindicators_wb): empty record found on {m} for {ticker}")
+            continue   
+            #return None
+        
+        have_data=True
+        
+        country=dftmp['country'].values[0]
+        unit=dftmp['unit'].values[0]
+        unit_list=unit_list+[unit]
+        dftmp.drop(columns=['country','unit'],inplace=True)
+        indicator_name=list(dftmp)[0]
+        
+        if m in band_area:
+            band_area = [indicator_name if x == m else x for x in band_area]
+        
+        indicator_list=indicator_list+[indicator_name]
+        
+        if len(df)==0:
+            df=dftmp
+        else:
+            df=pd.merge(df,dftmp,left_index=True,right_index=True)
+
+    if not graph: return df
+
+    if not have_data:
+        #print(f"  #Error(economy_mindicators_wb): no record found on {indicator} for {ticker}")
+        return None
+        
+    # 绘图
+    titletxt=text_lang("经济趋势分析","Economic Trend Analysis")+': '+country    
+
+    y_label=text_lang('经济指标',"Economic Indicator")
+    import datetime; todaydt = datetime.date.today()
+    footnote2=text_lang("数据来源：WB/IMF/FRED","Data source: World Bank")+', '+str(todaydt)
+
+    one_unit=False
+    if len(set(unit_list)) == 1: one_unit=True
+    if one_unit:
+        x_label=footnote2
+        if unit != '':
+            titletxt=titletxt+', '+unit
+    else:
+        #footnote1='The units of '+str(indicator_list)+' are '+str(unit_list)+' respectively'
+        footnote1=text_lang('注：','Notes: '); indicator_list_len=len(indicator_list)
+        for ind in indicator_list:
+            pos=indicator_list.index(ind)
+            footnote1=footnote1+ind+' '+unit_list[pos]
+            if (pos < indicator_list_len - 1):
+                if (pos+1) % 2 != 0:
+                    footnote1=footnote1+', '
+                else:
+                    footnote1=footnote1+'\n'
+            
+        x_label=footnote1+'\n'+footnote2
+
+    axhline_value=0; axhline_label=''
+    above_zero=0; below_zero=0
+    for c in list(df):
+        c_max=df[c].max(); c_min=df[c].min()
+        try:
+            if c_max>0 or c_min>0: above_zero+=1
+            if c_max<0 or c_min<0: below_zero+=1                
+        except: continue
+        
+    if above_zero>0 and below_zero>0: #有正有负
+        if DEBUG:
+            print("DEBUG: draw axhline=0")
+        axhline_value=0
+        axhline_label=text_lang('零线',"Zeroline")
+    
+    # 为避免绘图出错，对空值进行插值
+    df.interpolate(method='linear',limit_direction='both',inplace=True)
+    
+    draw_lines2(df,y_label,x_label,axhline_value,axhline_label,titletxt, \
+               data_label=False,resample_freq='1D',smooth=smooth, \
+               date_range=date_range,date_freq=date_freq,date_fmt='%Y-%m-%d', \
+                    attention_value=attention_value,attention_value_area=attention_value_area, \
+                    attention_point=attention_point,attention_point_area=attention_point_area, \
+               annotate=annotate,annotate_value=annotate_value, \
+               mark_top=mark_top,mark_bottom=mark_bottom,mark_end=mark_end,facecolor=facecolor, \
+               band_area=band_area,loc=loc,maxticks=maxticks,translate=translate)
+
+    return df
+
+
+#==============================================================================
+if __name__ =="__main__":
+    tickers=['CN','US','JP']
+    indicator='NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD'    
+    start='L20Y'; end='today'
+    
+    attention_value=''; attention_value_area=''
+    attention_point=''; attention_point_area=''
+    axhline_value=0; axhline_label=''
+    preprocess='none'; linewidth=1.5
+    scaling_option='start'
+    plus_sign=False
+    graph=True; loc='best'; facecolor='whitesmoke'
+    annotate=False; annotate_value=False
+    smooth=True
+    mark_top=True; mark_bottom=True; mark_end=False
+    maxticks=30    
+    
+    
+    
+def economy_mtickers_wb(ticker=['CN','US','JP'],indicator='NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD', \
+                       start='L15Y',end='today', \
+                        attention_value='',attention_value_area='', \
+                        attention_point='',attention_point_area='', \
+                      axhline_value=0,axhline_label='', \
+                      preprocess='none',linewidth=1.5, \
+                      scaling_option='start', \
+                      plus_sign=False, \
+                      graph=True,facecolor='whitesmoke', \
+                      band_area='',loc='best', \
+                      annotate=False,annotate_value=False, \
+                      smooth=False, \
+                      mark_top=True,mark_bottom=True,mark_end=False, \
+                      maxticks=30,translate=False):
+    """
+    ===========================================================================
+    功能：比较并绘制多个国家的单宏观经济指标曲线
+    主要参数：
+    ticker：国家代码，默认['CN','US','JP']
+    indicator：宏观经济指标，默认'NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD'，即GDP PPP
+    start：开始日期，默认'L20Y'
+    end：截止日期，默认'today'
+    attention_value：纵轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_value_area：纵轴关注区间强调，默认无''
+    attention_point：横轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_point_area：横轴关注区间强调，默认无''
+    preprocess：数据预处理，默认无'none'
+    linewidth：曲线宽度，默认1.5
+    scaling_option：数据缩放方法，默认'start'
+    plus_sign：在缩放处理时，纵轴刻度是否带加减号，默认否False
+    graph：是否绘图，默认是True
+    loc：图例位置，默认自动处理'best'
+    facecolor：画布背景颜色，默认'whitesmoke'
+    annotate：是否标注曲线末端，默认否False
+    annotate_value：是否标注曲线末端数值，默认否False
+    mark_top：是否标注最大值，默认是True
+    mark_bottom：是否标注最小值，默认是True
+    mark_end：是否标注曲线末端值，默认否False
+    maxticks：设定横轴刻度数量最大值，默认30
+    
+    注意：
+    ticker中须含有2个及以上国家代码，
+    indicator为单一指标，
+    axhline_label不为空时绘制水平线
+    
+    preprocess：是否对绘图数据进行预处理，仅适用于指标数量级差异较大的数据，
+    不适用于比例、比率和百分比等数量级较为一致的指标。
+        standardize: 标准化处理，(x - mean(x))/std(x)
+        normalize: 归一化处理，(x - min(x))/(max(x) - min(x))
+        logarithm: 对数处理，np.log(x)
+        scaling：缩放处理，五种选项scaling_option
+        （mean均值，min最小值，start开始值，percentage相对每条曲线起点值的百分比，
+        change%相对每条曲线起点值变化的百分比）
+        change%方式的图形更接近于持有收益率(Exp Ret%)，设为默认的缩放方式。
+    
+    """
+    DEBUG=False
+    
+    tickers=ticker; measure=indicator
+    start,end=start_end_preprocess(start,end)
+    
+    tickers=upper_ticker(tickers)
+    if not isinstance(tickers,list):
+        tickers=[tickers]
+    
+    # 去掉重复代码：有必要，重复代码将导致后续处理出错KeyError: 0！
+    tickers=list(set(tickers))
+
+    if isinstance(measure,list):
+        measure=measure[0]
+    
+    #屏蔽函数内print信息输出的类
+    import os, sys
+    class HiddenPrints:
+        def __enter__(self):
+            self._original_stdout = sys.stdout
+            sys.stdout = open(os.devnull, 'w')
+
+        def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+            sys.stdout.close()
+            sys.stdout = self._original_stdout
+    
+    #循环获取指标
+    #import pandas as pd
+    #from functools import reduce
+
+    dfs=pd.DataFrame(); have_data=False
+    country_list=[]; unit_list=[]
+    for t in tickers:
+        print(f"  Looking indicator info for {t} ... ...")
+        with HiddenPrints():
+            df_tmp=economy_indicator_wb(ticker=t,indicator=measure, \
+                                  start=start,end=end,graph=False)
+        if df_tmp is None:
+            print(f"  #Warning(economy_mticker_wb): indicator info not found for {t}")
+            continue
+        if len(df_tmp)==0:
+            print(f"  #Warning(economy_mticker_wb): zero info found for {t} between {start} and {end}")
+            continue
+
+        have_data=True
+
+        country=df_tmp['country'].values[0]
+        country_list=country_list+[country]
+        unit=df_tmp['unit'].values[0]
+        unit_list=unit_list+[unit]    
+        df_tmp.drop(columns=['country','unit'],inplace=True)
+        indicator_name=list(df_tmp)[0]
+         
+        if t in band_area:
+            band_area = [country if x == t else x for x in band_area]
+         
+        df_tmp.rename(columns={indicator_name:country},inplace=True)
+
+        if len(dfs)==0:
+            dfs=df_tmp
+        else:
+            dfs=pd.concat([dfs,df_tmp],axis=1,join='outer')
+            
+    if dfs is None:
+        print(f"  #Error(economy_mticker_wb): no records found for {measure}")
+        return None
+    if len(dfs)==0:
+        print("  #Error(economy_mticker_wb): zero records found for {measure}")
+        return None
+
+    # 若不绘图则返回原始数据
+    if not graph: return dfs
+
+    if not have_data:
+        #print(f"  #Error(economy_mticker_wb): no record found on {indicator} for {ticker}")
+        return None
+
+    # 绘图
+    titletxt=text_lang("经济趋势分析","Economic Trend Analysis")+': '+indicator_name    
+    y_label=indicator_name
+    
+    import datetime; todaydt = datetime.date.today()
+    footnote2=text_lang("数据来源：WB/IMF/FRED","Data source: World Bank")+', '+str(todaydt)
+
+    one_unit=False
+    if len(set(unit_list)) == 1: one_unit=True
+    if one_unit:
+        x_label=footnote2
+    else:
+        footnote1=text_lang('注：','Notes: '); country_list_len=len(country_list)
+        for ind in country_list:
+            pos=country_list.index(ind)
+            footnote1=footnote1+ind+' '+unit_list[pos]
+            if (pos < country_list_len - 1):
+                if (pos+1) % 2 != 0:
+                    footnote1=footnote1+', '
+                else:
+                    footnote1=footnote1+'\n'
+            
+        x_label=footnote1+'\n'+footnote2
+        
+    if preprocess == 'scaling' and scaling_option == 'change%':
+        title_txt2=text_lang("增减幅度%","Change%")
+        titletxt=titletxt+', '+title_txt2            
+        axhline_value=0
+        axhline_label="零线"
+    else:
+        if one_unit and unit != '':
+            titletxt=titletxt+', '+unit
+
+    # 为避免出错，对空值进行插值
+    dfs.interpolate(method='linear',limit_direction='both',inplace=True)
+    # 标准化处理
+    try:
+        dfs2,axhline_label,x_label,y_label,plus_sign=df_preprocess(dfs,measure, \
+                axhline_label=axhline_label,x_label=x_label,y_label=y_label, \
+                preprocess=preprocess,scaling_option=scaling_option)
+    except:
+        print("  #Error(economy_mticker_wb): preprocess failed, returning dfs for further check")
+        return dfs
+
+    if DEBUG:
+        print("DEBUG: dfs2=",list(dfs2))
+        
+    above_zero=0; below_zero=0
+    for c in list(dfs2):
+        c_max=dfs2[c].max(); c_min=dfs2[c].min()
+        try:
+            if c_max>0 or c_min>0: above_zero+=1
+            if c_max<0 or c_min<0: below_zero+=1
+        except: continue
+
+    if DEBUG:
+        print("DEBUG: above_zero=",above_zero,'below_zero=',below_zero)
+    
+    if above_zero>0 and below_zero>0: #有正有负
+        if axhline_label=='':
+            axhline_label='零线'
+
+    draw_lines(dfs2,y_label,x_label,axhline_value,axhline_label,titletxt, \
+               data_label=False,resample_freq='D',smooth=smooth,linewidth=linewidth, \
+               band_area=band_area,loc=loc, \
+                    attention_value=attention_value,attention_value_area=attention_value_area, \
+                    attention_point=attention_point,attention_point_area=attention_point_area, \
+               annotate=annotate,annotate_value=annotate_value,plus_sign=plus_sign, \
+               mark_top=mark_top,mark_bottom=mark_bottom,mark_end=mark_end,facecolor=facecolor, \
+               maxticks=30,translate=translate)
+
+    return dfs2
+
+#==============================================================================
+
+
+def economy_trend2(ticker='CN',indicator='NY.GDP.MKTP.KN', \
+                   start='L10Y',end='today',translate=False, \
+                   attention_value='',attention_value_area='', \
+                   attention_point='',attention_point_area='', \
+                   mark_top=False,mark_bottom=False,mark_end=False, \
+                   graph=True,facecolor='whitesmoke',loc='best',maxticks=30, \
+                   
+                   zeroline=False,average_value=False, \
+                   datatag=False,power=0, \
+                   
+                   annotate=False,annotate_value=False,smooth=False, \
+                       
+                   band_area='',date_range=False,date_freq=False, \
+                       
+                   axhline_value=0,axhline_label='', \
+                   preprocess='none',linewidth=1.5, \
+                   scaling_option='start', \
+                   plus_sign=False, \
+                   ):
+    """
+    功能：分析宏观经济指标，支持单国家单指标、多国家单指标、单国家多指标
+    主要公共参数：
+    ticker：国家编码，两位或三位ISO编码，默认'CN'
+    indicator：宏观经济指标，默认GDP (constant LCU)，即本币不变价格GDP
+    start：开始日期，默认近十年
+    end：结束日期，默认当前日期
+    attention_value：纵轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_value_area：纵轴关注值区间强调，默认无''
+    attention_point：横轴关注值或其列表，默认无''
+    attention_point_area：横轴关注值区间强调，默认无''        
+    graph：是否绘图，默认是True
+    mark_top, mark_bottom, mark_end：是否标记最高、最低和末端点：默认是True
+    facecolor：背景颜色，默认'whitesmoke'
+    loc：图例位置，默认自动'best'
+
+    仅支持单国家单指标的参数：
+    zeroline：是否绘制零线，默认False        
+    average_value：是否绘制均值线，默认否False
+    datatag：是否标记折线中的各个数据点的数值，默认否False
+    power：是否绘制趋势线，默认否0    
+    
+    支持多国家单指标、单国家多指标的参数：
+    annotate：是否在曲线末端标注，默认否False
+    annotate_value：是否标注曲线末端值，默认否False    
+    
+    仅支持单国家多指标的参数：
+    band_area：两条曲线之间强调，默认无''
+    date_range：指定开始结束日期绘图，默认False
+    date_freq：指定横轴日期间隔，默认False。
+        可指定'D'、'2D'、'W'、'M'等，横轴一般不超过25个标注，否则会重叠    
+    
+    仅支持多国家单指标的参数：
+    preprocess：数据预处理，默认无'none'
+    scaling_option：数据缩放方法，默认'start'，仅当preprocess为非'none'时有效
+    plus_sign：在缩放处理时，纵轴刻度是否带加减号，默认否False    
+    linewidth：曲线宽度，默认1.5
+
+    输出：绘图
+    返回值：数据表
+    
+    其他：套壳函数    
+    """
+    # 判断ticker个数
+    ticker_num=0
+    if isinstance(ticker,str): 
+        ticker_num=1
+        ticker=ticker.upper()
+        if not check_country_code(ticker=ticker,show_name=False):
+            print(f"  #Warning(economy_trend2): country code {ticker} not found")
+            return None
+        
+    if isinstance(ticker,list):
+        ticker=[x.upper() for x in ticker]
+        for t in ticker:
+            if not check_country_code(ticker=t,show_name=False):
+                ticker.remove(t)
+                print(f"  #Warning(economy_trend2): country code {t} not found")
+        if len(ticker)==0:
+            return None
+        
+        if len(ticker)==1: 
+            ticker_num=1
+            ticker=ticker[0]
+        else:
+            ticker_num=len(ticker)
+    
+    # 判断indicator个数
+    indicator_num=0
+    if isinstance(indicator,str): indicator_num=1
+    if isinstance(indicator,list):
+        if len(indicator)==1: 
+            indicator_num=1
+            indicator=indicator[0]
+        else:
+            indicator_num=len(indicator)
+            
+    # 单国家+单指标
+    if ticker_num==1 and indicator_num==1:
+        df=economy_indicator_wb(ticker=ticker,indicator=indicator, \
+                                start=start,end=end,translate=translate, \
+                                attention_value=attention_value, \
+                                attention_value_area=attention_value_area, \
+                                attention_point=attention_point, \
+                                attention_point_area=attention_point_area, \
+                                mark_top=mark_top,mark_bottom=mark_bottom,mark_end=mark_end, \
+                                graph=graph,facecolor=facecolor,loc=loc,maxticks=maxticks, \
+                                
+                                power=power,average_value=average_value, \
+                                zeroline=zeroline,datatag=datatag)
+        return df
+            
+    # 多国家：仅使用第一个指标
+    if ticker_num > 1:
+        df=economy_mtickers_wb(ticker=ticker,indicator=indicator, \
+                               start=start,end=end,translate=translate, \
+                               attention_value=attention_value, \
+                               attention_value_area=attention_value_area, \
+                               attention_point=attention_point, \
+                               attention_point_area=attention_point_area, \
+                               mark_top=mark_top,mark_bottom=mark_bottom,mark_end=mark_end, \
+                               graph=graph,loc=loc,facecolor=facecolor,maxticks=maxticks, \
+                               band_area=band_area, \
+                               annotate=annotate,annotate_value=annotate_value,smooth=smooth, \
+                                   
+                               preprocess=preprocess,scaling_option=scaling_option, \
+                               plus_sign=plus_sign,linewidth=linewidth, \
+                               axhline_value=axhline_value,axhline_label=axhline_label)
+        return df
+            
+    # 单国家：使用多个指标
+    if ticker_num == 1 and indicator_num > 1:
+        df=economy_mindicators_wb(ticker=ticker,indicator=indicator, \
+                                  start=start,end=end,translate=translate, \
+                                  attention_value=attention_value, \
+                                  attention_value_area=attention_value_area, \
+                                  attention_point=attention_point, \
+                                  attention_point_area=attention_point_area, \
+                                  mark_top=mark_top,mark_bottom=mark_bottom,mark_end=mark_end, \
+                                  graph=graph,facecolor=facecolor,loc=loc,maxticks=maxticks, \
+                                      
+                                  annotate=annotate,annotate_value=annotate_value,smooth=smooth, \
+                                      
+                                  band_area=band_area, \
+                                  date_range=date_range,date_freq=date_freq)
+        return df
+
+    print(" #Warning: need at least 1 country and at leats 1 indicator")
+    
+    return None    
+    
+    
+#==============================================================================
+#==============================================================================
+#==============================================================================
+#==============================================================================
+#==============================================================================
+#==============================================================================
+#==============================================================================
+