setiastrosuitepro 1.7.1.post2__py3-none-any.whl → 1.7.4__py3-none-any.whl

setiastro/saspro/planetprojection.py

@@ -0,0 +1,4059 @@
+# src/setiastro/saspro/planetprojection.py
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import numpy as np
+import os
+import tempfile, webbrowser
+import plotly.graph_objects as go
+from PyQt6.QtCore import Qt, QTimer, QPoint, QSize
+from PyQt6.QtGui import QImage, QPixmap, QPainter, QPen, QColor
+from PyQt6.QtWidgets import (
+    QDialog, QVBoxLayout, QHBoxLayout, QLabel, QPushButton, QGroupBox,
+    QFormLayout, QDoubleSpinBox, QSpinBox, QCheckBox, QComboBox, QMessageBox,
+    QSizePolicy, QFileDialog, QLineEdit, QSlider, QWidget
+)
+from PyQt6 import sip
+from setiastro.saspro.widgets.themed_buttons import themed_toolbtn
+
+import cv2
+
+
+# -----------------------------
+# Core math helpers
+# -----------------------------
+
+def _planet_centroid_and_area(ch: np.ndarray):
+    """
+    Estimate planet centroid (cx,cy) and blob area from a single channel.
+    Uses percentile scaling + Otsu + largest component.
+    Returns (cx, cy, area) or None.
+    """
+    if cv2 is None:
+        return None
+
+    img = ch.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+
+    p1 = float(np.percentile(img, 1.0))
+    p99 = float(np.percentile(img, 99.5))
+    if p99 <= p1:
+        return None
+
+    scaled = (img - p1) * (255.0 / (p99 - p1))
+    scaled = np.clip(scaled, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+    scaled = cv2.GaussianBlur(scaled, (0, 0), 1.2)
+
+    _, bw = cv2.threshold(scaled, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
+
+    k = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (7, 7))
+    bw = cv2.morphologyEx(bw, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, k, iterations=1)
+    bw = cv2.morphologyEx(bw, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, k, iterations=2)
+
+    num, labels, stats, cents = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(bw, connectivity=8)
+    if num <= 1:
+        return None
+
+    areas = stats[1:, cv2.CC_STAT_AREA]
+    j = int(np.argmax(areas)) + 1
+    area = float(stats[j, cv2.CC_STAT_AREA])
+    if area < 200:
+        return None
+
+    cx, cy = cents[j]
+    return (float(cx), float(cy), float(area))
+
+
+def _compute_roi_from_centroid(H: int, W: int, cx: float, cy: float, area: float,
+                               pad_mul: float = 3.2,
+                               min_size: int = 240,
+                               max_size: int = 900):
+    """
+    Use area->radius estimate to make an ROI around the disk.
+    """
+    r = max(32.0, float(np.sqrt(area / np.pi)))
+    s = int(np.clip(r * float(pad_mul), float(min_size), float(max_size)))
+    cx_i, cy_i = int(round(cx)), int(round(cy))
+
+    x0 = max(0, cx_i - s // 2)
+    y0 = max(0, cy_i - s // 2)
+    x1 = min(W, x0 + s)
+    y1 = min(H, y0 + s)
+    return (x0, y0, x1, y1)
+
+def _ellipse_annulus_mask(H: int, W: int, cx: float, cy: float,
+                          a_outer: float, b_outer: float,
+                          a_inner: float, b_inner: float,
+                          pa_deg: float) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Elliptical annulus mask (outer ellipse minus inner ellipse).
+    PA rotates ellipse in image plane.
+    """
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W].astype(np.float32)
+    x = xx - float(cx)
+    y = yy - float(cy)
+
+    th = np.deg2rad(float(pa_deg))
+    c, s = np.cos(th), np.sin(th)
+
+    # rotate coords into ellipse frame
+    xr = x * c + y * s
+    yr = -x * s + y * c
+
+    outer = (xr*xr)/(a_outer*a_outer + 1e-9) + (yr*yr)/(b_outer*b_outer + 1e-9) <= 1.0
+    inner = (xr*xr)/(a_inner*a_inner + 1e-9) + (yr*yr)/(b_inner*b_inner + 1e-9) <= 1.0
+
+    return outer & (~inner)
+
+
+def _ring_front_back_masks(H: int, W: int, cx: float, cy: float, pa_deg: float,
+                           ring_mask: np.ndarray) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+    """
+    Split ring pixels into 'front' vs 'back' halves for occlusion.
+    Approximation: use ring minor-axis direction.
+    """
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W].astype(np.float32)
+    x = xx - float(cx)
+    y = yy - float(cy)
+
+    # minor axis is PA + 90 degrees
+    th = np.deg2rad(float(pa_deg) + 90.0)
+    nx, ny = np.cos(th), np.sin(th)
+
+    # signed distance along minor-axis normal
+    s = x * nx + y * ny
+    front = ring_mask & (s > 0)
+    back  = ring_mask & (s <= 0)
+    return front, back
+
+
+def _yaw_warp_maps(H: int, W: int, theta_deg: float, cx: float, cy: float) -> tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray, np.ndarray]:
+    """
+    Simple planar 'yaw' warp around vertical axis:
+      x' = cx + (x-cx)*cos(a)
+      y' = y
+    Used for rings to create stereo disparity without bending them onto the sphere.
+    """
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W].astype(np.float32)
+    x = xx - float(cx)
+
+    a = np.deg2rad(float(theta_deg))
+    ca = np.cos(a)
+
+    def make(sign: float):
+        # left uses +theta, right uses -theta (sign flips)
+        # we only need cos for this simple model, so sign doesn't matter here,
+        # but keep signature consistent in case we extend to perspective later.
+        mapx = (float(cx) + x * ca).astype(np.float32)
+        mapy = yy.astype(np.float32)
+        return mapx, mapy
+
+    mapLx, mapLy = make(+1.0)
+    mapRx, mapRy = make(-1.0)
+    return mapLx, mapLy, mapRx, mapRy
+
+
+def _to_u8_preview(rgb: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Robust per-channel percentile stretch to uint8 for display.
+    """
+    x = rgb.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+    out = np.empty_like(x, dtype=np.uint8)
+    for c in range(3):
+        ch = x[..., c]
+        p1 = float(np.percentile(ch, 1.0))
+        p99 = float(np.percentile(ch, 99.5))
+        if p99 <= p1:
+            out[..., c] = 0
+        else:
+            y = (ch - p1) * (255.0 / (p99 - p1))
+            out[..., c] = np.clip(y, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+    return out
+
+
+def _add_starfield(bg01_rgb: np.ndarray, density: float = 0.02, seed: int = 1,
+                   star_sigma: float = 0.8, brightness: float = 0.9):
+    """
+    Add a visible synthetic starfield to a float32 RGB image in [0,1].
+    Applied identically to left/right so it has ZERO parallax (screen-locked).
+    """
+    H, W = bg01_rgb.shape[:2]
+    rng = np.random.default_rng(int(seed))
+
+    # allow higher density (0..0.2)
+    n = int(np.clip(density, 0.0, 0.5) * H * W)
+    if n <= 0:
+        return bg01_rgb
+
+    stars = np.zeros((H, W), dtype=np.float32)
+
+    ys = rng.integers(0, H, size=n, endpoint=False)
+    xs = rng.integers(0, W, size=n, endpoint=False)
+
+    # brighter distribution (more visible than **6)
+    vals = rng.random(n).astype(np.float32)
+    vals = (vals ** 2.0)  # more mid-range stars
+    vals = (0.15 + 0.85 * vals) * float(brightness)  # visible floor
+
+    # a few "bright" stars
+    bright_n = max(1, n // 80)
+    bi = rng.integers(0, n, size=bright_n, endpoint=False)
+    vals[bi] = np.clip(vals[bi] * 2.5, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+    stars[ys, xs] = np.maximum(stars[ys, xs], vals)
+
+    if star_sigma > 0:
+        stars = cv2.GaussianBlur(stars, (0, 0), float(star_sigma))
+
+    out = bg01_rgb.astype(np.float32, copy=False).copy()
+    out[..., 0] = np.clip(out[..., 0] + stars, 0.0, 1.0)
+    out[..., 1] = np.clip(out[..., 1] + stars, 0.0, 1.0)
+    out[..., 2] = np.clip(out[..., 2] + stars, 0.0, 1.0)
+    return out
+
+def _make_anaglyph(L_rgb8: np.ndarray, R_rgb8: np.ndarray, *, swap_eyes: bool = False) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Build a red/cyan anaglyph from two uint8 RGB images.
+    Output is uint8 RGB.
+
+    Red channel comes from LEFT eye luminance.
+    Cyan (G+B) comes from RIGHT eye luminance.
+
+    swap_eyes=True flips which eye feeds red vs cyan (useful if glasses seem inverted).
+    """
+    if swap_eyes:
+        L_rgb8, R_rgb8 = R_rgb8, L_rgb8
+
+    L = L_rgb8.astype(np.float32)
+    R = R_rgb8.astype(np.float32)
+
+    # luminance (more robust than using only R/G/B)
+    Llum = 0.299 * L[..., 0] + 0.587 * L[..., 1] + 0.114 * L[..., 2]
+    Rlum = 0.299 * R[..., 0] + 0.587 * R[..., 1] + 0.114 * R[..., 2]
+
+    out = np.zeros_like(L, dtype=np.float32)
+    out[..., 0] = Llum           # red
+    out[..., 1] = Rlum           # green (cyan)
+    out[..., 2] = Rlum           # blue  (cyan)
+
+    return np.clip(out, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+
+
+
+def _sphere_reproject_maps(H: int, W: int, theta_deg: float, radius_px: float | None = None):
+    """
+    Build cv2.remap maps for left/right views using sphere reprojection.
+    Returns (mapLx, mapLy, mapRx, mapRy, mask_disk)
+    """
+    cx = (W - 1) * 0.5
+    cy = (H - 1) * 0.5
+
+    if radius_px is None:
+        radius_px = 0.49 * min(W, H)  # conservative
+
+    r = float(radius_px)
+
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W].astype(np.float32)
+    x = (xx - cx) / r
+    y = (yy - cy) / r
+    rr2 = x * x + y * y
+    mask = rr2 <= 1.0
+
+    z = np.zeros_like(x, dtype=np.float32)
+    z[mask] = np.sqrt(np.maximum(0.0, 1.0 - rr2[mask])).astype(np.float32)
+
+    a = np.deg2rad(float(theta_deg))
+    ca, sa = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
+
+    def make(alpha_sign: float):
+        ca2 = ca
+        sa2 = sa * alpha_sign
+        # rotate around Y
+        x2 = x * ca2 + z * sa2
+        y2 = y
+        mapx = (cx + r * x2).astype(np.float32)
+        mapy = (cy + r * y2).astype(np.float32)
+        # outside disk: invalid → map to -1 so BORDER_CONSTANT applies
+        mapx[~mask] = -1.0
+        mapy[~mask] = -1.0
+        return mapx, mapy
+
+    mapLx, mapLy = make(+1.0)
+    mapRx, mapRy = make(-1.0)
+    return mapLx, mapLy, mapRx, mapRy, mask
+
+def make_pseudo_surface_pair(
+    rgb: np.ndarray,
+    theta_deg: float = 10.0,
+    *,
+    depth_gamma: float = 1.0,
+    blur_sigma: float = 1.2,
+    invert: bool = False,
+):
+    """
+    Pseudo surface stereo (astro-friendly):
+      - height = luminance deviation around median (NO 0..1 normalization)
+      - robust amplitude scaling using MAD so stars don't dominate
+      - per-pixel horizontal disparity warp
+
+    Returns (left, right, maskL, maskR) where masks are valid sampling regions.
+    """
+    if cv2 is None:
+        m = np.ones(rgb.shape[:2], dtype=bool)
+        return rgb, rgb, m, m
+
+    x = np.asarray(rgb)
+    orig_dtype = x.dtype
+
+    # --- float01 for remap (image sampling) ---
+    if x.dtype == np.uint8:
+        xf = x.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+    elif x.dtype == np.uint16:
+        xf = x.astype(np.float32) / 65535.0
+    else:
+        xf = x.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+        # for float inputs we assume "image-like" but keep it sane for remap
+        xf = np.clip(xf, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+    H, W = xf.shape[:2]
+
+    # --- luminance (float32) ---
+    lum = (0.299 * xf[..., 0] + 0.587 * xf[..., 1] + 0.114 * xf[..., 2]).astype(np.float32)
+
+    # Optional smoothing to reduce noisy depth
+    if blur_sigma and blur_sigma > 0:
+        lum_s = cv2.GaussianBlur(lum, (0, 0), float(blur_sigma))
+    else:
+        lum_s = lum
+
+    # Center around median so "background" ~ 0 height
+    h = lum_s - float(np.median(lum_s))
+
+    # Optional gamma shaping (on magnitude, preserving sign)
+    g = float(max(1e-6, depth_gamma))
+    if abs(g - 1.0) > 1e-6:
+        h = np.sign(h) * (np.abs(h) ** g)
+
+    # Invert AFTER centering/shaping (so it just flips relief)
+    if invert:
+        h = -h
+
+    # Robust amplitude scaling so a few bright stars don't explode the height
+    # MAD ~ median(|x - median(x)|)
+    mad = float(np.median(np.abs(h)) + 1e-9)
+
+    # "gain" controls how punchy the height is.
+    # Larger gain_div => flatter relief (safer for stars).
+    gain_div = 6.0
+    h = (h / (gain_div * mad)).astype(np.float32)
+
+    # Keep height in a sane range so disparity doesn't go nuts
+    h = np.clip(h, -1.0, 1.0)
+
+    # --- disparity scale ---
+    # Empirical mapping: theta 6deg on ~600px gives ~15-20px max disparity.
+    max_disp = (float(theta_deg) / 25.0) * (0.12 * float(min(H, W)))
+    max_disp = float(np.clip(max_disp, 0.0, 0.35 * min(H, W)))
+
+    disp = h * max_disp  # signed pixels: positive => "closer"
+
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W].astype(np.float32)
+
+    # left/right: split disparity
+    mapLx = xx + 0.5 * disp
+    mapRx = xx - 0.5 * disp
+    mapy = yy
+
+    # IMPORTANT: INTER_LINEAR avoids Lanczos ringing on stars
+    left = cv2.remap(
+        xf, mapLx, mapy,
+        interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+        borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
+        borderValue=0,
+    )
+    right = cv2.remap(
+        xf, mapRx, mapy,
+        interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+        borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
+        borderValue=0,
+    )
+
+    # validity masks (where sampling stays in-bounds)
+    maskL = (mapLx >= 0.0) & (mapLx <= (W - 1))
+    maskR = (mapRx >= 0.0) & (mapRx <= (W - 1))
+
+    # Back to original dtype (preserve your existing behavior)
+    if orig_dtype == np.uint8:
+        left = np.clip(left * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        right = np.clip(right * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+    elif orig_dtype == np.uint16:
+        left = np.clip(left * 65535.0, 0, 65535).astype(np.uint16)
+        right = np.clip(right * 65535.0, 0, 65535).astype(np.uint16)
+    else:
+        # float inputs come back as float (same dtype), but remap ran on float32
+        left = left.astype(orig_dtype, copy=False)
+        right = right.astype(orig_dtype, copy=False)
+
+    return left, right, maskL, maskR
+
+
+def make_stereo_pair(
+    roi_rgb: np.ndarray,
+    theta_deg: float = 10.0,
+    disk_mask: np.ndarray | None = None,
+    *,
+    interp: int = None,
+):
+    if cv2 is None:
+        dummy_mask = np.ones(roi_rgb.shape[:2], dtype=bool)
+        return roi_rgb, roi_rgb, dummy_mask, dummy_mask
+    if interp is None:
+        interp = cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4
+    x = roi_rgb
+    orig_dtype = x.dtype
+
+    # Build a REAL disk mask from ROI (use green channel)
+    disk = disk_mask if disk_mask is not None else _planet_disk_mask(roi_rgb[...,1])
+    if disk is None:
+        # fallback: simple circle
+        H, W = roi_rgb.shape[:2]
+        yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W].astype(np.float32)
+        cx = (W - 1) * 0.5
+        cy = (H - 1) * 0.5
+        r = 0.49 * min(W, H)
+        disk = ((xx - cx) ** 2 + (yy - cy) ** 2) <= (r * r)
+
+    # work in float32 for remap
+    if x.dtype == np.uint8:
+        xf = x.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+    elif x.dtype == np.uint16:
+        xf = x.astype(np.float32) / 65535.0
+    else:
+        xf = x.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+
+    H, W = xf.shape[:2]
+    # estimate radius_px from disk area (in pixels)
+    area_px = float(disk.sum())
+    radius = np.sqrt(area_px / np.pi)
+    radius = np.clip(radius, 16.0, 0.49 * min(W, H))
+
+    mapLx, mapLy, mapRx, mapRy, _ = _sphere_reproject_maps(H, W, theta_deg, radius_px=radius)
+
+    left = cv2.remap(xf, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=interp,
+                     borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+    right = cv2.remap(xf, mapRx, mapRy, interpolation=interp,
+                      borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+
+    # Warp the disk mask through the SAME maps
+    disk_u8 = (disk.astype(np.uint8) * 255)
+    mL = cv2.remap(disk_u8, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+    mR = cv2.remap(disk_u8, mapRx, mapRy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+    maskL = mL > 127
+    maskR = mR > 127
+
+    # convert back to original dtype
+    if orig_dtype == np.uint8:
+        left = np.clip(left * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        right = np.clip(right * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+    elif orig_dtype == np.uint16:
+        left = np.clip(left * 65535.0, 0, 65535).astype(np.uint16)
+        right = np.clip(right * 65535.0, 0, 65535).astype(np.uint16)
+    else:
+        left = left.astype(orig_dtype, copy=False)
+        right = right.astype(orig_dtype, copy=False)
+
+    return left, right, maskL, maskR
+
+
+def _planet_disk_mask(ch: np.ndarray, grow: float = 1.015) -> np.ndarray | None:
+    """
+    Return a boolean mask of the planet disk.
+    We still segment the planet to find the *component*, but then we create a
+    circle mask using equivalent radius from area so the limb is not clipped.
+    'grow' slightly expands the radius to avoid eating into the edge.
+    """
+    if cv2 is None:
+        return None
+
+    img = ch.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+
+    p1 = float(np.percentile(img, 1.0))
+    p99 = float(np.percentile(img, 99.5))
+    if p99 <= p1:
+        return None
+
+    scaled = (img - p1) * (255.0 / (p99 - p1))
+    scaled = np.clip(scaled, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+    scaled = cv2.GaussianBlur(scaled, (0, 0), 1.2)
+
+    _, bw = cv2.threshold(scaled, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY + cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
+
+    k = cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_ELLIPSE, (7, 7))
+    bw = cv2.morphologyEx(bw, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, k, iterations=1)
+    bw = cv2.morphologyEx(bw, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, k, iterations=2)
+
+    num, labels, stats, cents = cv2.connectedComponentsWithStats(bw, connectivity=8)
+    if num <= 1:
+        return None
+
+    areas = stats[1:, cv2.CC_STAT_AREA]
+    j = int(np.argmax(areas)) + 1
+    area = float(stats[j, cv2.CC_STAT_AREA])
+    if area < 200:
+        return None
+
+    cx, cy = cents[j]
+    r = np.sqrt(area / np.pi) * float(grow)
+
+    H, W = ch.shape[:2]
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H, 0:W].astype(np.float32)
+    mask = ((xx - float(cx)) ** 2 + (yy - float(cy)) ** 2) <= (float(r) ** 2)
+    return mask
+
+def _mask_bbox(mask: np.ndarray):
+    ys, xs = np.where(mask)
+    if xs.size == 0:
+        return None
+    return int(xs.min()), int(ys.min()), int(xs.max()), int(ys.max())
+
+
+def _mask_centroid(mask: np.ndarray) -> tuple[float, float] | None:
+    m = mask.astype(np.uint8)
+    M = cv2.moments(m, binaryImage=True) if cv2 is not None else None
+    if not M or M["m00"] <= 1e-6:
+        return None
+    cx = float(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
+    cy = float(M["m01"] / M["m00"])
+    return cx, cy
+
+
+def _shift_image(img: np.ndarray, dx: float, dy: float, *, border_value=0):
+    """
+    Shift an image by (dx,dy) pixels using warpAffine.
+    Works for 2D or 3D arrays.
+    """
+    H, W = img.shape[:2]
+    M = np.array([[1.0, 0.0, dx],
+                  [0.0, 1.0, dy]], dtype=np.float32)
+    return cv2.warpAffine(
+        img, M, (W, H),
+        flags=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+        borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
+        borderValue=border_value
+    )
+
+
+def _shift_mask(mask: np.ndarray, dx: float, dy: float):
+    H, W = mask.shape[:2]
+    M = np.array([[1.0, 0.0, dx],
+                  [0.0, 1.0, dy]], dtype=np.float32)
+    m = mask.astype(np.uint8) * 255
+    mw = cv2.warpAffine(
+        m, M, (W, H),
+        flags=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+        borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
+        borderValue=0
+    )
+    return mw > 127
+
+def _disk_to_equirect_texture(roi_rgb01: np.ndarray, disk_mask: np.ndarray,
+                              tex_h: int = 256, tex_w: int = 512) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Convert a planet disk image (ROI) into an equirectangular texture (lat/lon).
+    roi_rgb01: float32 RGB in [0,1]
+    disk_mask: bool mask where planet exists in ROI
+    Returns tex (tex_h, tex_w, 3) float32 in [0,1]
+    """
+    H, W = roi_rgb01.shape[:2]
+    cx = (W - 1) * 0.5
+    cy = (H - 1) * 0.5
+
+    # estimate radius from mask area
+    area = float(disk_mask.sum())
+    r = float(np.sqrt(max(area, 1.0) / np.pi))
+    r = max(r, 8.0)
+
+    # lon in [-pi, pi], lat in [-pi/2, pi/2]
+    lons = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, tex_w, endpoint=False).astype(np.float32)
+    lats = np.linspace(+0.5*np.pi, -0.5*np.pi, tex_h, endpoint=True).astype(np.float32)  # top->bottom
+
+    Lon, Lat = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)
+
+    # sphere point (unit)
+    X = np.cos(Lat) * np.sin(Lon)
+    Y = np.sin(Lat)
+    Z = np.cos(Lat) * np.cos(Lon)
+
+    # orthographic projection to disk:
+    # image-plane coords: x = X, y = Y, z = Z (visible hemisphere Z>=0)
+    vis = Z >= 0.0
+
+    u = (cx + r * X).astype(np.float32)
+    v = (cy + r * Y).astype(np.float32)
+
+    # sample ROI using cv2.remap
+    mapx = u
+    mapy = v
+    tex = cv2.remap(roi_rgb01, mapx, mapy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+                    borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+
+    # kill tex where back hemisphere or outside disk
+    # (outside disk also lands in black due to borderConstant, but we enforce)
+    tex[~vis] = 0.0
+    return tex
+
+
+def _build_sphere_mesh(n_lat: int = 120, n_lon: int = 240):
+    """
+    Build sphere vertices and triangle indices.
+    Returns:
+      verts: (N,3) float32
+      lats:  (N,) float32
+      lons:  (N,) float32
+      i,j,k triangle index lists
+    """
+    # lat: +pi/2 (north) to -pi/2 (south)
+    lats = np.linspace(+0.5*np.pi, -0.5*np.pi, n_lat, endpoint=True).astype(np.float32)
+    lons = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, n_lon, endpoint=False).astype(np.float32)
+
+    Lon, Lat = np.meshgrid(lons, lats)  # (n_lat,n_lon)
+
+    x = (np.cos(Lat) * np.sin(Lon)).astype(np.float32)
+    y = (np.sin(Lat)).astype(np.float32)
+    z = (np.cos(Lat) * np.cos(Lon)).astype(np.float32)
+
+    verts = np.stack([x, y, z], axis=-1).reshape(-1, 3)
+
+    # triangles on the grid
+    def idx(a, b):
+        return a * n_lon + b
+
+    I = []
+    J = []
+    K = []
+    for a in range(n_lat - 1):
+        for b in range(n_lon):
+            b2 = (b + 1) % n_lon
+            p00 = idx(a, b)
+            p01 = idx(a, b2)
+            p10 = idx(a + 1, b)
+            p11 = idx(a + 1, b2)
+            # two triangles per quad
+            I.extend([p00, p00])
+            J.extend([p10, p11])
+            K.extend([p11, p01])
+
+    return verts, Lat.reshape(-1), Lon.reshape(-1), I, J, K
+
+
+def _sample_tex_colors(tex: np.ndarray, lats: np.ndarray, lons: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    tex: (H,W,3) float32 [0,1] equirectangular, top=+lat
+    lats/lons are per-vertex in radians.
+    Returns vertexcolor: (N,4) uint8 RGBA
+    """
+    H, W = tex.shape[:2]
+
+    # map lon [-pi,pi) -> u [0,W)
+    u = ((lons + np.pi) / (2*np.pi) * W).astype(np.float32)
+    # map lat [+pi/2,-pi/2] -> v [0,H)
+    v = ((0.5*np.pi - lats) / (np.pi) * (H - 1)).astype(np.float32)
+
+    # cv2.remap needs maps shaped (H?,W?) but we can sample manually using bilinear
+    # We'll do fast bilinear sampling in numpy.
+    u0 = np.floor(u).astype(np.int32) % W
+    v0 = np.clip(np.floor(v).astype(np.int32), 0, H - 1)
+    u1 = (u0 + 1) % W
+    v1 = np.clip(v0 + 1, 0, H - 1)
+
+    fu = (u - np.floor(u)).astype(np.float32)
+    fv = (v - np.floor(v)).astype(np.float32)
+
+    c00 = tex[v0, u0]
+    c10 = tex[v1, u0]
+    c01 = tex[v0, u1]
+    c11 = tex[v1, u1]
+
+    c0 = c00 * (1 - fv)[:, None] + c10 * fv[:, None]
+    c1 = c01 * (1 - fv)[:, None] + c11 * fv[:, None]
+    c = c0 * (1 - fu)[:, None] + c1 * fu[:, None]
+
+    rgba = np.clip(c * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+    alpha = np.full((rgba.shape[0],), 255, dtype=np.uint8)
+    vertexcolor = np.concatenate([rgba, alpha[:, None]], axis=1)
+    return vertexcolor
+
+def _bilinear_sample_rgb(img01: np.ndarray, u: np.ndarray, v: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+    """img01: float32 [0,1] (H,W,3). u,v float pixel coords. returns float32 (N,3)."""
+    H, W = img01.shape[:2]
+    u = np.asarray(u, np.float32)
+    v = np.asarray(v, np.float32)
+
+    u0 = np.floor(u).astype(np.int32)
+    v0 = np.floor(v).astype(np.int32)
+    u1 = u0 + 1
+    v1 = v0 + 1
+
+    u0 = np.clip(u0, 0, W - 1); u1 = np.clip(u1, 0, W - 1)
+    v0 = np.clip(v0, 0, H - 1); v1 = np.clip(v1, 0, H - 1)
+
+    fu = (u - np.floor(u)).astype(np.float32)
+    fv = (v - np.floor(v)).astype(np.float32)
+
+    c00 = img01[v0, u0]
+    c10 = img01[v1, u0]
+    c01 = img01[v0, u1]
+    c11 = img01[v1, u1]
+
+    c0 = c00 * (1 - fv)[:, None] + c10 * fv[:, None]
+    c1 = c01 * (1 - fv)[:, None] + c11 * fv[:, None]
+    return c0 * (1 - fu)[:, None] + c1 * fu[:, None]
+
+def _build_ring_mesh(n_theta: int = 360):
+    """Returns (x,y,z,I,J,K) for a unit annulus strip with two radii per theta."""
+    th = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, n_theta, endpoint=False).astype(np.float32)
+
+    # we build verts for inner and outer separately later (because radii vary), but indices are constant.
+    # vertex order: [inner0, outer0, inner1, outer1, ...]
+    I = []
+    J = []
+    K = []
+    for t in range(n_theta):
+        t2 = (t + 1) % n_theta
+        i0 = 2*t
+        o0 = 2*t + 1
+        i1 = 2*t2
+        o1 = 2*t2 + 1
+        # two triangles per quad
+        I.extend([i0, o0])
+        J.extend([o0, o1])
+        K.extend([i1, i1])
+    return th, np.asarray(I, np.int32), np.asarray(J, np.int32), np.asarray(K, np.int32)
+
+def _build_ring_grid(n_r: int = 160, n_theta: int = 720):
+    th = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, n_theta, endpoint=False).astype(np.float32)
+    rr = np.linspace(0.0, 1.0, n_r, endpoint=True).astype(np.float32)  # normalized radius
+    TH, RR = np.meshgrid(th, rr)  # (n_r, n_theta)
+
+    # indices
+    def vid(r, t): return r*n_theta + t
+    I = []; J = []; K = []
+    for r in range(n_r - 1):
+        for t in range(n_theta):
+            t2 = (t + 1) % n_theta
+            p00 = vid(r, t)
+            p01 = vid(r, t2)
+            p10 = vid(r+1, t)
+            p11 = vid(r+1, t2)
+            I += [p00, p00]
+            J += [p10, p11]
+            K += [p11, p01]
+    return TH.reshape(-1), RR.reshape(-1), np.asarray(I,np.int32), np.asarray(J,np.int32), np.asarray(K,np.int32)
+
+def _ring_to_polar_texture(roi01, cx0, cy0, rpx, pa_deg, tilt, k_in, k_out,
+                           n_r=160, n_theta=720):
+    H, W = roi01.shape[:2]
+    th = np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, n_theta, endpoint=False).astype(np.float32)
+    rr = np.linspace(k_in, k_out, n_r, endpoint=True).astype(np.float32)
+
+    TH, RR = np.meshgrid(th, rr)  # (n_r, n_theta)
+
+    x_e = RR * np.cos(TH)
+    y_e = RR * np.sin(TH) * tilt
+
+    a = np.deg2rad(pa_deg)
+    c, s = np.cos(a), np.sin(a)
+
+    x_img = cx0 + rpx * (x_e*c - y_e*s)
+    y_img = cy0 + rpx * (x_e*s + y_e*c)
+
+    mapx = x_img.astype(np.float32)
+    mapy = y_img.astype(np.float32)
+
+    polar = cv2.remap(
+        roi01, mapx, mapy,
+        interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+        borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT,
+        borderValue=0
+    )
+    return polar  # (n_r, n_theta, 3) float01
+
+
+def export_planet_sphere_html(
+    roi_rgb: np.ndarray,
+    disk_mask: np.ndarray,
+    out_path: str | None = None,
+    n_lat: int = 120,
+    n_lon: int = 240,
+    title: str = "Planet Sphere",
+    rings: dict | None = None,
+):
+    """
+    Build an interactive Plotly Mesh3d with the planet texture wrapped to a sphere.
+    Optional: add Saturn rings as a second Mesh3d using ROI-sampled vertex colors.
+
+    IMPORTANT COORDINATE NOTE:
+    - Your refinement/UI uses IMAGE coords: +x right, +y down.
+    - Plotly scene is effectively +y up.
+    We FORCE Plotly to behave like image coords by flipping Y for ALL meshes
+    (sphere + rings) and setting camera.up to (0,-1,0).
+    This makes ring PA/tilt match what you see in the refinement overlay.
+    """
+    import plotly.graph_objects as go
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 0) Ensure float01 ROI
+    # -----------------------------
+    if roi_rgb.dtype == np.uint8:
+        roi01 = roi_rgb.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+    elif roi_rgb.dtype == np.uint16:
+        roi01 = roi_rgb.astype(np.float32) / 65535.0
+    else:
+        roi01 = roi_rgb.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+        roi01 = np.clip(roi01, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 1) Build equirect texture from disk
+    # -----------------------------
+    tex = _disk_to_equirect_texture(roi01, disk_mask, tex_h=256, tex_w=512)
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 2) Build sphere mesh (world coords)
+    # -----------------------------
+    verts, lats, lons, I, J, K = _build_sphere_mesh(n_lat=n_lat, n_lon=n_lon)
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 3) Sample per-vertex colors (RGBA uint8)
+    # -----------------------------
+    vcol = _sample_tex_colors(tex, lats, lons)
+    vcol = np.asarray(vcol)
+    if vcol.dtype != np.uint8:
+        vcol = np.clip(vcol, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+
+    if vcol.ndim != 2 or vcol.shape[0] != verts.shape[0]:
+        raise ValueError(f"vertex colors shape mismatch: vcol={vcol.shape}, verts={verts.shape}")
+
+    if vcol.shape[1] == 3:
+        alpha = np.full((vcol.shape[0], 1), 255, dtype=np.uint8)
+        vcol = np.concatenate([vcol, alpha], axis=1)
+    elif vcol.shape[1] != 4:
+        raise ValueError(f"vertex colors must be RGB or RGBA; got {vcol.shape[1]} channels")
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 4) Make back hemisphere black (camera from +Z; z<0 is "back")
+    # -----------------------------
+    back = verts[:, 2] < 0.0
+    if np.any(back):
+        vcol = vcol.copy()
+        vcol[back, 0:3] = 0
+        vcol[back, 3] = 255
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 5) Flip Y to match IMAGE coords (x right, y down)
+    # -----------------------------
+    verts_plot = verts.astype(np.float32, copy=True)
+    verts_plot[:, 1] *= -1.0  # <--- key fix: Plotly now behaves like image coords
+
+    # Flip winding to fix "inside out" sphere
+    I = np.asarray(I, dtype=np.int32)
+    J = np.asarray(J, dtype=np.int32)
+    K = np.asarray(K, dtype=np.int32)
+
+    sphere_mesh = go.Mesh3d(
+        x=verts_plot[:, 0], y=verts_plot[:, 1], z=verts_plot[:, 2],
+        i=I, j=K, k=J,  # flip winding
+        vertexcolor=vcol,
+        flatshading=False,
+        lighting=dict(
+            ambient=0.55, diffuse=0.85, specular=0.25,
+            roughness=0.9, fresnel=0.15
+        ),
+        lightposition=dict(x=2, y=1, z=3),
+        name="Planet",
+        hoverinfo="skip",
+        showscale=False,
+    )
+
+    data = [sphere_mesh]
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 6) Optional rings mesh (Saturn) — POLAR TEXTURE + GRID MESH
+    # -----------------------------
+    if rings is not None:
+        try:
+            cx0 = float(rings.get("cx"))
+            cy0 = float(rings.get("cy"))
+            rpx = float(rings.get("r"))
+            pa_deg = float(rings.get("pa", 0.0))
+            tilt = float(rings.get("tilt", 0.35))       # b/a
+            k_out = float(rings.get("k_out", 2.2))
+            k_in  = float(rings.get("k_in", 1.25))
+
+            tilt = float(np.clip(tilt, 0.02, 1.0))
+            if k_out <= k_in:
+                k_out = k_in + 0.05
+
+            # Pick resolution (you can expose these as args if you want)
+            n_r = int(rings.get("n_r", 180))
+            n_theta = int(rings.get("n_theta", 720))
+
+            # --- Build POLAR texture (n_r x n_theta x 3) float01
+            # IMPORTANT: sample directly from roi01 (no pre-masking) to avoid bilinear edge darkening
+            ring_polar01 = _ring_to_polar_texture(
+                roi01,
+                cx0=cx0, cy0=cy0,
+                rpx=rpx,
+                pa_deg=pa_deg,
+                tilt=tilt,
+                k_in=k_in, k_out=k_out,
+                n_r=n_r, n_theta=n_theta
+            )
+
+            # --- Build GRID mesh topology aligned with polar texture
+            TH_flat, RRn_flat, I2, J2, K2 = _build_ring_grid(n_r=n_r, n_theta=n_theta)
+
+            # Convert normalized radius -> actual radius in planet radii
+            RR_flat = (k_in + RRn_flat * (k_out - k_in)).astype(np.float32)
+
+            # Base ring plane coords (world-ish): x right, y up
+            x = (RR_flat * np.cos(TH_flat)).astype(np.float32)
+            y = (RR_flat * np.sin(TH_flat)).astype(np.float32)
+            z = np.zeros_like(x, dtype=np.float32)
+
+            # --- 3D tilt: tilt=b/a = cos(inc) -> inc=arccos(tilt)
+            inc = float(np.arccos(np.clip(tilt, 0.0, 1.0)))
+            ci, si = float(np.cos(inc)), float(np.sin(inc))
+
+            # Tilt around X: foreshorten Y, push into Z
+            y2 = y * ci
+            z2 = y * si
+
+            # Rotate around Z by PA (MATCH refinement/UI)
+            a = np.deg2rad(pa_deg)
+            ca, sa = float(np.cos(a)), float(np.sin(a))
+            x3 = x * ca - y2 * sa
+            y3 = x * sa + y2 * ca
+            z3 = z2 + 0.002  # tiny lift to reduce z-fighting
+
+            # --- Vertex colors from polar texture (aligned!)
+            # ring_polar01 shape: (n_r, n_theta, 3)
+            # _build_ring_grid flattens in meshgrid order (rr rows, th cols) -> matches reshape(-1)
+            cols01 = ring_polar01.reshape(-1, 3)
+            cols_u8 = np.clip(cols01 * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+
+            # --- validity mask for alpha (do this BEFORE shadowing to avoid alpha=0 for black shadow)
+            valid = np.any(cols_u8 > 2, axis=1)
+
+            # --- Occlude ring where Saturn's disk covers it (true disk silhouette)
+            # Planet is unit sphere centered at origin; camera from +Z.
+            r2 = x3*x3 + y3*y3
+            inside = r2 <= 1.0
+            z_front = np.sqrt(np.clip(1.0 - r2, 0.0, 1.0))
+            shadow = inside & (z3 < z_front)
+
+            if np.any(shadow):
+                cols_u8 = cols_u8.copy()
+                cols_u8[shadow, :3] = 0  # paint ring behind planet black
+
+            alpha = (valid.astype(np.uint8) * 255)[:, None]
+            vcol_ring = np.concatenate([cols_u8, alpha], axis=1)
+
+            # Double-sided: duplicate tris with reversed winding
+            I2 = np.asarray(I2, dtype=np.int32)
+            J2 = np.asarray(J2, dtype=np.int32)
+            K2 = np.asarray(K2, dtype=np.int32)
+            I_all = np.concatenate([I2, I2])
+            J_all = np.concatenate([J2, K2])
+            K_all = np.concatenate([K2, J2])
+
+            # Flip Y for Plotly (match IMAGE coords y-down like sphere)
+            y3_plot = -y3
+
+            ring_mesh = go.Mesh3d(
+                x=x3, y=y3_plot, z=z3,
+                i=I_all, j=J_all, k=K_all,
+                vertexcolor=vcol_ring,
+                flatshading=False,
+                lighting=dict(
+                    ambient=0.75, diffuse=0.65, specular=0.10,
+                    roughness=1.0, fresnel=0.05
+                ),
+                name="Rings",
+                hoverinfo="skip",
+                showscale=False,
+            )
+
+            data.append(ring_mesh)
+
+        except Exception:
+            # If rings fail, still return the sphere.
+            pass
+
+
+    # -----------------------------
+    # 7) Figure + layout
+    # -----------------------------
+    fig = go.Figure(data=data)
+
+    fig.update_layout(
+        title=title,
+        margin=dict(l=0, r=0, b=0, t=40),
+        scene=dict(
+            aspectmode="data",
+            xaxis=dict(visible=False),
+            yaxis=dict(visible=False),
+            zaxis=dict(visible=False),
+            bgcolor="black",
+            camera=dict(
+                eye=dict(x=0.0, y=0.0, z=2.2),
+                center=dict(x=0.0, y=0.0, z=0.0),
+                up=dict(x=0.0, y=-1.0, z=0.0),   # image y-down
+            ),
+        ),
+        paper_bgcolor="black",
+        plot_bgcolor="black",
+        showlegend=False,
+    )
+
+    html = fig.to_html(include_plotlyjs="cdn", full_html=True)
+
+    if out_path is None:
+        out_path = os.path.expanduser("~/planet_sphere.html")
+
+    return html, out_path
+
+
+def export_pseudo_surface_html(
+    rgb: np.ndarray,
+    out_path: str | None = None,
+    *,
+    title: str = "Pseudo Surface (Point Cloud)",
+    max_dim: int = 420,
+    z_scale: float = 0.35,
+    depth_gamma: float = 1.15,
+    blur_sigma: float = 1.2,
+    invert: bool = False,
+    block: int = 10,
+    block_blur_sigma: float = 0.6,
+    max_vertices: int = 250_000,
+    point_size: float = 1.6,
+
+    # height source(s)
+    height_from: str = "brightness",      # "brightness" | "color" | "dual"
+
+    # how points are COLORED (from dropdown)
+    color_mode: str = "brightness",       # "brightness" | "depth" | "dual"
+    depth_colorscale: str = "Turbo",
+    depth_opacity: float = 0.55,
+    depth_point_size: float | None = None,
+
+    # Dual height controls (saturation-height layer)
+    sat_opacity: float = 0.45,
+    sat_point_size: float | None = None,
+
+    # Optional: reduce saturation-height noise in dark background
+    sat_luma_gate: float = 0.02,
+    sat_luma_soft: float = 0.18,
+):
+    """
+    Interactive Plotly Scatter3d point cloud.
+
+    Z (height_from):
+      • "brightness": luminance-derived height
+      • "color":      saturation-derived height
+      • "dual":       overlays TWO clouds (brightness-height + saturation-height)
+
+    Coloring (color_mode) is ALWAYS honored, even for dual heights:
+      • "brightness": RGB image colors
+      • "depth":      colormap by height
+      • "dual":       RGB + depth overlay (per height cloud)
+    """
+    import os
+    import numpy as np
+    import cv2
+    import plotly.graph_objects as go
+
+    x = np.asarray(rgb)
+    if x.ndim != 3 or x.shape[2] < 3:
+        raise ValueError("export_pseudo_surface_html expects RGB image (H,W,3).")
+
+    # normalize mode strings
+    cmode = (color_mode or "brightness").strip().lower()
+    if cmode not in ("brightness", "depth", "dual"):
+        cmode = "brightness"
+
+    hmode = (height_from or "brightness").strip().lower()
+    if hmode not in ("brightness", "color", "dual"):
+        hmode = "brightness"
+
+    # ---- float01 ----
+    if x.dtype == np.uint8:
+        img01 = x[..., :3].astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+    elif x.dtype == np.uint16:
+        img01 = x[..., :3].astype(np.float32) / 65535.0
+    else:
+        img01 = np.clip(x[..., :3].astype(np.float32, copy=False), 0.0, 1.0)
+
+    H, W = img01.shape[:2]
+
+    # ---- downsample ----
+    max_dim = int(np.clip(max_dim, 128, 2048))
+    s = float(max_dim) / float(max(H, W))
+    if s < 1.0:
+        newW = max(64, int(round(W * s)))
+        newH = max(64, int(round(H * s)))
+        img01 = cv2.resize(img01, (newW, newH), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
+
+    hH, hW = img01.shape[:2]
+
+    # ---- vertex cap ----
+    max_vertices = int(max(10_000, max_vertices))
+    if hH * hW > max_vertices:
+        scale = np.sqrt(float(max_vertices) / float(hH * hW))
+        newW = max(64, int(round(hW * scale)))
+        newH = max(64, int(round(hH * scale)))
+        img01 = cv2.resize(img01, (newW, newH), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
+        hH, hW = img01.shape[:2]
+
+    # ---- helpers ----
+    def _robust01(base: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        base = base.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+        p_lo = float(np.percentile(base, 1.0))
+        p_hi = float(np.percentile(base, 99.5))
+        h = np.clip((base - p_lo) / max(p_hi - p_lo, 1e-9), 0.0, 1.0)
+
+        if invert:
+            h = 1.0 - h
+
+        # coherence smoothing
+        b = max(1, int(block))
+        if b > 1:
+            h = cv2.blur(h, (b, b), borderType=cv2.BORDER_REFLECT101)
+
+        if block_blur_sigma and block_blur_sigma > 0:
+            h = cv2.GaussianBlur(h, (0, 0), float(block_blur_sigma))
+
+        if blur_sigma and blur_sigma > 0:
+            h = cv2.GaussianBlur(h, (0, 0), float(blur_sigma))
+
+        h = np.clip(h, 0.0, 1.0) ** max(1e-3, float(depth_gamma))
+        return h.astype(np.float32)
+
+    # luminance (also used for saturation gating)
+    lum = (0.299 * img01[..., 0] + 0.587 * img01[..., 1] + 0.114 * img01[..., 2]).astype(np.float32)
+    h01_lum = _robust01(lum)
+
+    # saturation
+    hsv = cv2.cvtColor(img01.astype(np.float32), cv2.COLOR_RGB2HSV)
+    sat = hsv[..., 1].astype(np.float32)
+    h01_sat = _robust01(sat)
+
+    # Optional: suppress sat-height in very dark background
+    if sat_luma_soft and sat_luma_soft > 0:
+        gate = float(sat_luma_gate)
+        soft = float(sat_luma_soft)
+        wgt = np.clip((lum - gate) / max(soft, 1e-6), 0.0, 1.0).astype(np.float32)
+        h01_sat = h01_sat * wgt
+
+    # ---- depth scaling ----
+    zmax = 0.5 * float(min(hH, hW)) * float(z_scale)
+    Z_lum = ((h01_lum * 2.0) - 1.0) * zmax
+    Z_sat = ((h01_sat * 2.0) - 1.0) * zmax
+
+    # ---- XY grid ----
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:hH, 0:hW]
+    X = (xx - (hW - 1) * 0.5).reshape(-1)
+    Y = (yy - (hH - 1) * 0.5).reshape(-1)
+
+    Zlum = Z_lum.reshape(-1)
+    Zsat = Z_sat.reshape(-1)
+
+    # ---- RGB strings ----
+    rgb_u8 = np.clip(img01.reshape(-1, 3) * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+    rgb_strings = [f"rgb({r},{g},{b})" for r, g, b in rgb_u8]
+
+    traces: list = []
+
+    # sizes / opacities per cloud
+    ps_lum = float(point_size)
+    ps_sat = float(sat_point_size) if sat_point_size is not None else float(point_size) * 1.05
+    op_lum = 0.95
+    op_sat = float(np.clip(sat_opacity, 0.05, 1.0))
+
+    dps = float(depth_point_size) if depth_point_size is not None else float(point_size)
+
+    def _add_cloud(
+        *,
+        name_prefix: str,
+        Z: np.ndarray,
+        size_rgb: float,
+        size_depth: float,
+        op_rgb: float,
+        op_depth: float,
+    ):
+        """
+        Add traces for a single height cloud, honoring cmode.
+        """
+        if cmode in ("brightness", "dual"):
+            traces.append(
+                go.Scatter3d(
+                    x=X, y=Y, z=Z,
+                    mode="markers",
+                    marker=dict(
+                        size=float(size_rgb),
+                        color=rgb_strings,
+                        opacity=1.0 if cmode == "brightness" else float(op_rgb),
+                    ),
+                    hoverinfo="skip",
+                    name=f"{name_prefix} (RGB)" if cmode != "brightness" else f"{name_prefix}",
+                )
+            )
+
+        if cmode in ("depth", "dual"):
+            traces.append(
+                go.Scatter3d(
+                    x=X, y=Y, z=Z,
+                    mode="markers",
+                    marker=dict(
+                        size=float(size_depth),
+                        color=Z,  # numeric -> colorscale
+                        colorscale=depth_colorscale,
+                        cmin=float(Z.min()),
+                        cmax=float(Z.max()),
+                        opacity=1.0 if cmode == "depth" else float(op_depth),
+                        showscale=(cmode == "depth"),
+                        colorbar=dict(
+                            title="Depth",
+                            thickness=14,
+                            len=0.6,
+                        ) if cmode == "depth" else None,
+                    ),
+                    hoverinfo="skip",
+                    name=f"{name_prefix} (Depth)" if cmode != "depth" else f"{name_prefix}",
+                )
+            )
+
+    if hmode == "brightness":
+        _add_cloud(
+            name_prefix="Brightness Height",
+            Z=Zlum,
+            size_rgb=ps_lum,
+            size_depth=dps,
+            op_rgb=0.95,
+            op_depth=depth_opacity,
+        )
+        show_legend = (cmode == "dual")
+
+    elif hmode == "color":
+        _add_cloud(
+            name_prefix="Color Height",
+            Z=Zsat,
+            size_rgb=ps_lum,     # reuse point_size for single-mode
+            size_depth=dps,
+            op_rgb=0.95,
+            op_depth=depth_opacity,
+        )
+        show_legend = (cmode == "dual")
+
+    else:
+        # dual heights: add BOTH clouds, each honoring cmode
+        _add_cloud(
+            name_prefix="Brightness Height",
+            Z=Zlum,
+            size_rgb=ps_lum,
+            size_depth=dps,
+            op_rgb=op_lum,
+            op_depth=depth_opacity,
+        )
+        _add_cloud(
+            name_prefix="Color Height",
+            Z=Zsat,
+            size_rgb=ps_sat,
+            size_depth=dps,
+            op_rgb=op_sat,
+            op_depth=min(1.0, depth_opacity * 0.85),  # slightly softer overlay feels nicer
+        )
+        show_legend = True  # dual heights should show what’s what
+
+    # ---- figure ----
+    fig = go.Figure(data=traces)
+    fig.update_layout(
+        title=title,
+        margin=dict(l=0, r=0, b=0, t=40),
+        scene=dict(
+            aspectmode="data",
+            xaxis=dict(visible=False),
+            yaxis=dict(visible=False),
+            zaxis=dict(visible=False),
+            bgcolor="black",
+            camera=dict(
+                eye=dict(x=0.0, y=-1.6, z=1.0),
+                up=dict(x=0.0, y=-1.0, z=0.0),
+            ),
+        ),
+        paper_bgcolor="black",
+        plot_bgcolor="black",
+        showlegend=bool(show_legend),
+        legend=dict(
+            bgcolor="rgba(0,0,0,0)",
+            font=dict(color="white"),
+        ),
+    )
+
+    html = fig.to_html(include_plotlyjs="cdn", full_html=True)
+    if out_path is None:
+        out_path = os.path.expanduser("~/pseudo_surface_pointcloud.html")
+
+    return html, out_path
+
+
+def deproject_galaxy_topdown_u8(
+    roi01: np.ndarray,  # float32 [0..1], (H,W,3)
+    cx0: float, cy0: float,
+    rpx: float,
+    pa_deg: float,
+    tilt: float,        # b/a
+    out_size: int = 800
+) -> np.ndarray:
+    """
+    Returns RGB uint8 top-down view, outside-disk black.
+    """
+    import numpy as np
+    import cv2
+
+    H, W = roi01.shape[:2]
+    out = int(max(64, out_size))
+
+    # grid in disk plane [-1,1]
+    yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:out, 0:out].astype(np.float32)
+    u = (xx - (out - 1) * 0.5) / ((out - 1) * 0.5)
+    v = (yy - (out - 1) * 0.5) / ((out - 1) * 0.5)
+    rho = np.sqrt(u*u + v*v)
+
+    # ellipse squash (inclination): y compressed by tilt
+    tilt = float(np.clip(tilt, 0.02, 1.0))
+    xe = u
+    ye = v * tilt
+
+    # rotate by PA
+    a = np.deg2rad(pa_deg)
+    ca, sa = float(np.cos(a)), float(np.sin(a))
+    xr = xe * ca - ye * sa
+    yr = xe * sa + ye * ca
+
+    # scale to pixels + translate to ROI coords
+    mapx = (cx0 + xr * rpx).astype(np.float32)
+    mapy = (cy0 + yr * rpx).astype(np.float32)
+
+    # sample
+    img = np.clip(roi01, 0.0, 1.0)
+    top01 = cv2.remap(img, mapx, mapy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+                      borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+
+    # mask outside disk-plane circle
+    top01[rho > 1.0] = 0.0
+
+    return np.clip(top01 * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+
+
+# -----------------------------
+# UI dialog
+# -----------------------------
+
+class PlanetProjectionDialog(QDialog):
+    def __init__(self, parent=None, document=None):
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self.setMinimumSize(520, 520)
+
+        self.resize(560, 640)        
+        self.setWindowTitle("3D Projection")
+        self.setModal(False)
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.doc = document
+        self.image = getattr(self.doc, "image", None) if self.doc is not None else None
+        self._bg_img01 = None   # float32 [0,1] RGB, resized per ROI
+        self._bg_path = ""
+        self._left = None
+        self._right = None
+        self._wiggle_timer = QTimer(self)
+        self._wiggle_timer.timeout.connect(self._on_wiggle_tick)
+        self._wiggle_state = False
+        self._last_preview_u8 = None  # last frame we pushed to preview (H,W,3) uint8
+        self._preview_zoom = 1.0  # kept for compatibility but preview window owns zoom now
+        self._preview_win = None
+        self._wiggle_frames = None   # list of RGB uint8 frames
+        self._wiggle_idx = 0
+        self._wiggle_steps = 36      # default smoothness (can make this a UI control later)
+
+        # Persist disk refinement within this dialog session (per image)
+        self._disk_key = None              # identifies the current image
+        self._disk_last = None             # (cx, cy, r) in FULL IMAGE coords
+        self._disk_last_was_user = False   # True once user clicks "Use This Disk"
+
+        self._build_ui()
+        QTimer.singleShot(0, self._apply_initial_layout_fix)        
+        self._update_enable()
+
+    def _build_ui(self):
+        outer = QVBoxLayout(self)
+        outer.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)
+        outer.setSpacing(8)
+
+        self.lbl_top = QLabel(
+            "Create a synthetic stereo pair from a planet ROI (sphere reprojection).\n"
+            "• Stereo: side-by-side (Parallel or Cross-eye)\n"
+            "• Wiggle: alternates L/R to create depth motion\n"
+            "Optional: add a static starfield background (no parallax)."
+        )
+        self.lbl_top.setWordWrap(True)
+        outer.addWidget(self.lbl_top)
+
+        prev_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.btn_preview = QPushButton("Preview")
+        self.btn_save_still = QPushButton("Save Still…")
+        self.btn_save_wiggle = QPushButton("Save Wiggle…")
+
+        prev_row.addWidget(self.btn_preview)
+        prev_row.addWidget(self.btn_save_still)
+        prev_row.addWidget(self.btn_save_wiggle)
+        prev_row.addStretch(1)
+        outer.addLayout(prev_row)
+
+        self.btn_preview.clicked.connect(self._show_preview_window)
+        self.btn_save_still.clicked.connect(self._save_still)
+        self.btn_save_wiggle.clicked.connect(self._save_wiggle)
+        # Controls
+        box = QGroupBox("Parameters")
+        form = QFormLayout(box)
+
+        self.cmb_mode = QComboBox()
+        self.cmb_mode.addItems([
+            "Stereo (Parallel)  L | R",
+            "Stereo (Cross-eye)  R | L",
+            "Wiggle stereo (toggle L/R)",
+            "Anaglyph (Red/Cyan 3D Glasses)",
+            "Interactive 3D (HTML)",
+            "Galaxy Polar View (Top-Down)",
+        ])
+        form.addRow("Output:", self.cmb_mode)
+
+        self.cmb_planet_type = QComboBox()
+        self.cmb_planet_type.addItems([
+            "Normal (Sphere only)",
+            "Saturn (Sphere + Rings)",
+            "Pseudo surface (Height from brightness)",
+            "Galaxy (Disk deprojection)",
+        ])
+        form.addRow("Planet type:", self.cmb_planet_type)
+
+        # Rings group
+        rings_box = QGroupBox("Saturn rings")
+        rings_form = QFormLayout(rings_box)
+
+        self.chk_rings = QCheckBox("Enable rings")
+        self.chk_rings.setChecked(True)
+        rings_form.addRow("", self.chk_rings)
+
+        self.spin_ring_pa = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_ring_pa.setRange(-180.0, 180.0)
+        self.spin_ring_pa.setSingleStep(1.0)
+        self.spin_ring_pa.setValue(0.0)
+        self.spin_ring_pa.setToolTip("Ring position angle in the image (deg). Rotate ellipse.")
+        rings_form.addRow("Ring PA (deg):", self.spin_ring_pa)
+
+        self.spin_ring_tilt = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_ring_tilt.setRange(0.05, 1.0)
+        self.spin_ring_tilt.setSingleStep(0.02)
+        self.spin_ring_tilt.setValue(0.35)
+        self.spin_ring_tilt.setToolTip("Ellipse minor/major ratio (0..1). Smaller = more edge-on.")
+        rings_form.addRow("Ring tilt (b/a):", self.spin_ring_tilt)
+
+        self.spin_ring_outer = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_ring_outer.setRange(1.0, 4.0)
+        self.spin_ring_outer.setSingleStep(0.05)
+        self.spin_ring_outer.setValue(2.20)
+        self.spin_ring_outer.setToolTip("Outer ring radius factor relative to body radius.")
+        rings_form.addRow("Outer factor:", self.spin_ring_outer)
+
+        self.spin_ring_inner = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_ring_inner.setRange(0.2, 3.5)
+        self.spin_ring_inner.setSingleStep(0.05)
+        self.spin_ring_inner.setValue(1.25)
+        self.spin_ring_inner.setToolTip("Inner ring radius factor relative to body radius.")
+        rings_form.addRow("Inner factor:", self.spin_ring_inner)
+
+        form.addRow(rings_box)
+
+        self.spin_theta = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_theta.setRange(0.2, 25.0)
+        self.spin_theta.setSingleStep(0.2)
+        self.spin_theta.setValue(6.0)
+        self.spin_theta.setToolTip("Stereo strength in degrees. 6° usually looks best.")
+        form.addRow("Strength (deg):", self.spin_theta)
+
+        # Pseudo surface group
+        ps_box = QGroupBox("Pseudo surface depth")
+        ps_form = QFormLayout(ps_box)
+
+        self.spin_ps_gamma = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_ps_gamma.setRange(0.3, 4.0)
+        self.spin_ps_gamma.setSingleStep(0.05)
+        self.spin_ps_gamma.setValue(1.15)
+        self.spin_ps_gamma.setToolTip("Depth gamma. >1 emphasizes bright peaks; <1 broadens depth.")
+        ps_form.addRow("Depth gamma:", self.spin_ps_gamma)
+
+        self.spin_ps_blur = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_ps_blur.setRange(0.0, 12.0)
+        self.spin_ps_blur.setSingleStep(0.2)
+        self.spin_ps_blur.setValue(1.2)
+        self.spin_ps_blur.setToolTip("Smooth height map to avoid noisy depth.")
+        ps_form.addRow("Depth blur (px):", self.spin_ps_blur)
+
+        self.chk_ps_invert = QCheckBox("Normal depth (bright = closer), uncheck for inverted")
+        self.chk_ps_invert.setChecked(True)
+        ps_form.addRow("", self.chk_ps_invert)
+
+
+        # Pseudo-surface 3D coloring mode (how points are COLORED)
+        self.cmb_ps_3d_mode = QComboBox(self)
+        self.cmb_ps_3d_mode.addItems([
+            "Brightness (RGB)",
+            "Depth (Height Colormap)",
+            "Dual (RGB + Depth)",
+        ])
+        self.cmb_ps_3d_mode.setToolTip(
+            "3D point cloud coloring:\n"
+            "• Brightness: points colored from the image (RGB)\n"
+            "• Depth: points colored by height (colormap)\n"
+            "• Dual: overlays RGB + depth coloring"
+        )
+        ps_form.addRow("3D Color Mode:", self.cmb_ps_3d_mode)
+
+        # Height-from (what drives HEIGHT / Z)
+        self.cmb_ps_height_from = QComboBox(self)
+        self.cmb_ps_height_from.addItems([
+            "Brightness (Luminance)",
+            "Color Intensity (Saturation)",
+            "Dual (Brightness + Color)",
+        ])
+        self.cmb_ps_height_from.setToolTip(
+            "What drives the HEIGHT (Z) of the 3D point cloud:\n"
+            "• Brightness: luminance-derived height\n"
+            "• Color Intensity: saturation/chroma-derived height\n"
+            "• Dual: overlays TWO clouds (brightness height + saturation height)\n\n"
+            "Tip: Dual gives nebulae \"bulk\" even where brightness is flatter."
+        )
+        ps_form.addRow("Height From:", self.cmb_ps_height_from)
+
+        # Max points (vertex cap)
+        self.spin_ps_max_points = QSpinBox(self)
+        self.spin_ps_max_points.setRange(50_000, 900_000)   # tune if you want
+        self.spin_ps_max_points.setSingleStep(50_000)
+        self.spin_ps_max_points.setValue(250_000)           # good default
+        self.spin_ps_max_points.setToolTip(
+            "Maximum number of points used in the 3D plot.\n"
+            "Higher = more detail but heavier in the browser."
+        )
+        ps_form.addRow("Max Points:", self.spin_ps_max_points)
+
+        # Dual saturation cloud opacity (only used when Height From == Dual)
+        self.spin_ps_sat_opacity = QDoubleSpinBox(self)
+        self.spin_ps_sat_opacity.setRange(0.05, 1.0)
+        self.spin_ps_sat_opacity.setSingleStep(0.05)
+        self.spin_ps_sat_opacity.setValue(0.45)
+        self.spin_ps_sat_opacity.setToolTip(
+            "Opacity of the saturation-height cloud when Height From is Dual.\n"
+            "Lower = subtle bulk; higher = more pronounced volume."
+        )
+        ps_form.addRow("Dual Sat Opacity:", self.spin_ps_sat_opacity)
+
+        # (Keep your existing)
+        form.addRow(ps_box)
+
+        self.chk_auto_roi = QCheckBox("Auto ROI from planet centroid (green channel)")
+        self.chk_auto_roi.setChecked(True)
+        form.addRow("", self.chk_auto_roi)
+
+        self.spin_pad = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_pad.setRange(1.5, 6.0)
+        self.spin_pad.setSingleStep(0.1)
+        self.spin_pad.setValue(3.2)
+        self.spin_pad.setToolTip("ROI size ≈ pad × planet radius")
+        form.addRow("ROI pad (×radius):", self.spin_pad)
+
+        self.spin_min = QSpinBox()
+        self.spin_min.setRange(128, 2000)
+        self.spin_min.setValue(240)
+        form.addRow("ROI min size:", self.spin_min)
+
+        self.spin_max = QSpinBox()
+        self.spin_max.setRange(128, 5000)
+        self.spin_max.setValue(900)
+        form.addRow("ROI max size:", self.spin_max)
+
+        # Disk review + reset row
+        disk_row_w = QWidget()
+        disk_row = QHBoxLayout(disk_row_w)
+        disk_row.setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
+
+        self.chk_adjust_disk = QCheckBox("Review / adjust detected disk before generating")
+        self.chk_adjust_disk.setChecked(True)
+        disk_row.addWidget(self.chk_adjust_disk)
+
+        self.btn_reset_disk = themed_toolbtn("edit-undo", "Reset disk detection")
+        ...
+        disk_row.addStretch(1)
+        disk_row.addWidget(self.btn_reset_disk)
+
+        form.addRow("", disk_row_w)
+
+
+        self.chk_starfield = QCheckBox("Add static starfield background (no parallax)")
+        self.chk_starfield.setChecked(True)
+        form.addRow("", self.chk_starfield)
+
+        self.spin_density = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_density.setRange(0.0, 0.2)
+        self.spin_density.setSingleStep(0.005)
+        self.spin_density.setValue(0.03)
+        self.spin_density.setToolTip("Star seed density. Try 0.01–0.06 for visible fields.")
+        form.addRow("Star density:", self.spin_density)
+
+        self.spin_seed = QSpinBox()
+        self.spin_seed.setRange(0, 999999)
+        self.spin_seed.setValue(1)
+        form.addRow("Star seed:", self.spin_seed)
+        # Background image row
+        bg_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.chk_bg_image = QCheckBox("Use background image")
+        self.chk_bg_image.setChecked(False)
+        bg_row.addWidget(self.chk_bg_image)
+
+        self.bg_path_edit = QLineEdit()
+        self.bg_path_edit.setReadOnly(True)
+        self.bg_path_edit.setPlaceholderText("No background image selected")
+        bg_row.addWidget(self.bg_path_edit, 1)
+
+        self.btn_bg_choose = QPushButton("Choose…")
+        self.btn_bg_choose.clicked.connect(self._choose_bg)
+        bg_row.addWidget(self.btn_bg_choose)
+
+        form.addRow("Background:", bg_row)
+
+        # Background depth (%): UI slider -2..10, internal -2000..10000 (x1000)
+        bg_depth_row = QHBoxLayout()
+
+        self.sld_bg_depth = QSlider(Qt.Orientation.Horizontal)
+        self.sld_bg_depth.setRange(-1000, 1000)   # -2.00 .. 10.00 in steps of 0.01
+        self.sld_bg_depth.setValue(300)
+        self.sld_bg_depth.setSingleStep(5)       # 0.05
+        self.sld_bg_depth.setPageStep(25)        # 0.25
+        bg_depth_row.addWidget(self.sld_bg_depth, 1)
+
+        self.lbl_bg_depth = QLabel("0.00")
+        self.lbl_bg_depth.setMinimumWidth(55)
+        self.lbl_bg_depth.setAlignment(Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignRight | Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignVCenter)
+        bg_depth_row.addWidget(self.lbl_bg_depth)
+
+        def _update_bg_depth_label(v: int):
+            self.lbl_bg_depth.setText(f"{v/100.0:.2f}")
+
+        self.sld_bg_depth.valueChanged.connect(_update_bg_depth_label)
+        _update_bg_depth_label(self.sld_bg_depth.value())
+
+        tip = (
+            "Background parallax as a percent of the planet parallax.\n"
+            "0% = no parallax (screen-locked)\n"
+            "25% = far behind (recommended)\n"
+            "100% = same depth as planet (not recommended)\n\n"
+            "UI shows -2..10; internally this is multiplied by 1000."
+        )
+        self.sld_bg_depth.setToolTip(tip)
+        self.lbl_bg_depth.setToolTip(tip)
+
+        form.addRow("Background depth (xR):", bg_depth_row)
+
+
+        self.spin_wiggle_ms = QSpinBox()
+        self.spin_wiggle_ms.setRange(40, 800)
+        self.spin_wiggle_ms.setValue(120)
+        form.addRow("Wiggle period (ms):", self.spin_wiggle_ms)
+
+        outer.addWidget(box)
+
+        # Buttons
+        btns = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.btn_generate = QPushButton("Generate")
+        self.btn_stop = QPushButton("Stop Wiggle")
+        self.btn_stop.setEnabled(False)
+        self.btn_close = QPushButton("Close")
+        btns.addWidget(self.btn_generate)
+        btns.addWidget(self.btn_stop)
+        btns.addStretch(1)
+        btns.addWidget(self.btn_close)
+        outer.addLayout(btns)
+
+        def _set_form_row_visible(form_layout: QFormLayout, field_widget: QWidget, visible: bool):
+            """Hide/show the entire row in a QFormLayout that contains field_widget."""
+            for r in range(form_layout.rowCount()):
+                item = form_layout.itemAt(r, QFormLayout.ItemRole.FieldRole)
+                if item and item.widget() is field_widget:
+                    label_item = form_layout.itemAt(r, QFormLayout.ItemRole.LabelRole)
+                    if label_item and label_item.widget():
+                        label_item.widget().setVisible(visible)
+                    field_widget.setVisible(visible)
+                    return
+
+
+
+        def _update_type_enable():
+            t = self.cmb_planet_type.currentIndex()
+            is_sat = (t == 1)
+            is_gal = (t == 3)
+            is_pseudo = (t == 2)
+
+            rings_box.setVisible(is_sat or is_gal)
+            ps_box.setVisible(is_pseudo)
+
+            # These are “planet disk” concepts; don’t use for pseudo surface
+            self.chk_auto_roi.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.spin_pad.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.spin_min.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.spin_max.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            if hasattr(self, "chk_adjust_disk"):
+                self.chk_adjust_disk.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+
+            # Background/starfield: pseudo surface fills the whole frame anyway
+            self.chk_starfield.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.spin_density.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.spin_seed.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.chk_bg_image.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.bg_path_edit.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.btn_bg_choose.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.sld_bg_depth.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+            self.lbl_bg_depth.setEnabled(not is_pseudo)
+
+            # --- Galaxy vs Saturn UI tweaks inside rings_box ---
+            if is_gal:
+                rings_box.setTitle("Galaxy disk")
+                self.chk_rings.setVisible(False)  # only meaningful for Saturn
+                _set_form_row_visible(rings_form, self.spin_ring_outer, False)
+                _set_form_row_visible(rings_form, self.spin_ring_inner, False)
+
+                # force output to Galaxy Polar View (optional, but prevents confusion)
+                if self.cmb_mode.currentIndex() != 5:
+                    self.cmb_mode.setCurrentIndex(5)
+            else:
+                rings_box.setTitle("Saturn rings")
+                self.chk_rings.setVisible(True)
+                _set_form_row_visible(rings_form, self.spin_ring_outer, True)
+                _set_form_row_visible(rings_form, self.spin_ring_inner, True)
+
+            self.adjustSize()  # shrink/grow dialog to fit
+
+
+        self.cmb_planet_type.currentIndexChanged.connect(_update_type_enable)
+        _update_type_enable()
+
+        self.btn_generate.clicked.connect(self._generate)
+        self.btn_stop.clicked.connect(self._stop_wiggle)
+        self.btn_close.clicked.connect(self.close)
+
+    def _apply_initial_layout_fix(self):
+        # Re-run the same logic you already use (rings_box/ps_box visibility + adjustSize)
+        try:
+            # call your existing closure logic by nudging without changing index
+            # simplest: just call adjustSize + clamp to something sane
+            self.adjustSize()
+
+            # Optional: clamp width/height so it doesn't blow out
+            sh = self.sizeHint()
+            w = max(self.minimumWidth(), sh.width())
+            h = max(self.minimumHeight(), sh.height())
+            self.resize(w, h)
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+
+    def _reset_disk_cache(self):
+        # Forget disk refinement for the CURRENT image only.
+        self._disk_last = None
+        self._disk_last_was_user = False
+
+        # Disable until we detect/accept again
+        if hasattr(self, "btn_reset_disk") and self.btn_reset_disk is not None:
+            self.btn_reset_disk.setEnabled(False)
+
+        # Optional: small user feedback
+        QMessageBox.information(self, "Planet Projection", "Disk refinement reset. Next Generate will re-detect.")
+
+
+    def _current_image_key(self, img: np.ndarray):
+        """
+        Stable key for the underlying image buffer, even if we take views like img[..., :3].
+        """
+        a = np.asarray(img)
+
+        # Walk to the base ndarray so views/slices map to the same identity
+        base = a
+        while isinstance(getattr(base, "base", None), np.ndarray):
+            base = base.base
+
+        # Use raw data pointer + base dtype/shape (stable across views)
+        ptr = int(base.__array_interface__["data"][0])
+        return (ptr, tuple(base.shape), str(base.dtype))
+
+
+
+    def _set_preview_zoom(self, z: float):
+        """
+        z = 1.0 => Fit-to-window (KeepAspectRatio)
+        z = 0.0 => True 1:1 (no scaling, centered)
+        otherwise => scale relative to Fit (e.g., 0.7 = smaller than fit, 1.4 = bigger than fit)
+        """
+        if z < 0.05 and z != 0.0:
+            z = 0.05
+        if z > 6.0:
+            z = 6.0
+        self._preview_zoom = float(z)
+
+        # re-show last content
+        if self._left is not None and self._right is not None:
+            mode = self.cmb_mode.currentIndex()
+            if mode == 2:
+                # wiggle uses _set_preview_u8 directly; force refresh of current wiggle frame
+                frame = self._right if self._wiggle_state else self._left
+                self._set_preview_u8(frame)
+            else:
+                cross_eye = (mode == 0)
+                self._show_stereo_pair(cross_eye=cross_eye)
+
+    def _fit_scaled_size(self, img_w: int, img_h: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        """Compute the fit-to-preview size (KeepAspectRatio)."""
+        pw = max(1, self.preview.width())
+        ph = max(1, self.preview.height())
+        s = min(pw / float(img_w), ph / float(img_h))
+        return int(round(img_w * s)), int(round(img_h * s))
+
+    def _show_preview_window(self):
+        if self._preview_win is None:
+            self._preview_win = PlanetProjectionPreviewDialog(self)
+            try:
+                self._preview_win.resize(980, 600)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        self._preview_win.show()
+        self._preview_win.raise_()
+        self._preview_win.activateWindow()
+
+
+    def _open_preview_window(self):
+        if self._preview_win is None:
+            self._preview_win = PlanetProjectionPreviewDialog(self)
+            try:
+                self._preview_win.resize(980, 600)
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+        self._preview_win.show()
+        self._preview_win.raise_()
+        self._preview_win.activateWindow()
+
+    def _raise_preview_window(self):
+        if self._preview_win is None:
+            self._open_preview_window()
+            return
+        self._preview_win.show()
+        self._preview_win.raise_()
+        self._preview_win.activateWindow()
+
+    def _push_preview_u8(self, rgb8: np.ndarray):
+        rgb8 = np.asarray(rgb8)
+        if rgb8.dtype != np.uint8:
+            rgb8 = np.clip(rgb8, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        if rgb8.ndim == 2:
+            rgb8 = np.stack([rgb8, rgb8, rgb8], axis=2)
+        if rgb8.shape[2] > 3:
+            rgb8 = rgb8[..., :3]
+
+        self._last_preview_u8 = rgb8
+
+        # ensure preview exists
+        if self._preview_win is None or not self._preview_win.isVisible():
+            self._open_preview_window()
+        self._preview_win.set_frame_u8(rgb8)
+
+    def _compose_side_by_side_u8(self, left8: np.ndarray, right8: np.ndarray, *, swap_eyes: bool, gap_px: int) -> np.ndarray:
+        L = np.asarray(left8)
+        R = np.asarray(right8)
+
+        if L.dtype != np.uint8:
+            L = np.clip(L, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        if R.dtype != np.uint8:
+            R = np.clip(R, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+
+        if L.ndim == 2:
+            L = np.stack([L, L, L], axis=2)
+        if R.ndim == 2:
+            R = np.stack([R, R, R], axis=2)
+
+        if L.shape[2] > 3:
+            L = L[..., :3]
+        if R.shape[2] > 3:
+            R = R[..., :3]
+
+        if swap_eyes:
+            L, R = R, L
+
+        gap = int(max(0, gap_px))
+        H = max(L.shape[0], R.shape[0])
+        W = L.shape[1] + gap + R.shape[1]
+
+        canvas = np.zeros((H, W, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+        canvas[:L.shape[0], :L.shape[1]] = L
+        canvas[:R.shape[0], L.shape[1] + gap:L.shape[1] + gap + R.shape[1]] = R
+        return canvas
+
+
+    def _bg_depth_internal_signed(self) -> float:
+        """
+        Read background depth from the UI slider, apply Saturn sign flip.
+
+        Slider shows -10.00 .. +10.00 (label uses v/100).
+        We'll interpret slider units as "percent * 100":
+            depth_pct = (slider_value / 100.0)
+        so slider=25 -> 0.25 (25% of planet disparity).
+        """
+        v = float(self.sld_bg_depth.value())  # int
+        # Saturn: invert background direction
+        if self.cmb_planet_type.currentIndex() == 1:  # 1 = Saturn
+            v = -v
+        return v
+
+    
+    def _set_bg_depth_internal(self, v: float):
+        # internal -2000..10000 -> slider -200..1000
+        self.sld_bg_depth.setValue(int(round(float(v) / 10.0)))
+
+
+    def _update_enable(self):
+        ok = (
+            self.image is not None and isinstance(self.image, np.ndarray)
+            and self.image.ndim == 3 and self.image.shape[2] >= 3
+        )
+        self.btn_generate.setEnabled(bool(ok))
+
+    def _compute_roi(self):
+        img = np.asarray(self.image)
+        H, W = img.shape[:2]
+
+        if self.chk_auto_roi.isChecked():
+            # use green channel for centroid detection
+            c = _planet_centroid_and_area(img[..., 1])
+            if c is not None:
+                cx, cy, area = c
+                return _compute_roi_from_centroid(
+                    H, W, cx, cy, area,
+                    pad_mul=float(self.spin_pad.value()),
+                    min_size=int(self.spin_min.value()),
+                    max_size=int(self.spin_max.value()),
+                )
+            # fallback to center if centroid fails
+        # center ROI
+        s = int(np.clip(min(H, W) * 0.45, float(self.spin_min.value()), float(self.spin_max.value())))
+        cx_i, cy_i = W // 2, H // 2
+        x0 = max(0, cx_i - s // 2)
+        y0 = max(0, cy_i - s // 2)
+        x1 = min(W, x0 + s)
+        y1 = min(H, y0 + s)
+        return (x0, y0, x1, y1)
+
+    def _generate(self):
+        self._stop_wiggle()
+        mode = int(self.cmb_mode.currentIndex())
+
+        if self.image is None:
+            QMessageBox.information(self, "Planet Projection", "No image loaded.")
+            return
+
+        img = np.asarray(self.image)
+        if img.ndim != 3 or img.shape[2] < 3:
+            QMessageBox.information(self, "Planet Projection", "Image must be RGB (3 channels).")
+            return
+
+        img = img[..., :3]  # ensure exactly RGB
+        Hfull, Wfull = img.shape[:2]
+
+        ptype = int(self.cmb_planet_type.currentIndex())
+        is_pseudo = (ptype == 2)
+
+        # ---- 0) reset cached disk if image changed ----
+        key = self._current_image_key(img)
+        if self._disk_key != key:
+            self._disk_key = key
+            self._disk_last = None
+            self._disk_last_was_user = False
+
+        # ---- 1) initial disk estimate (FULL IMAGE coords) ----
+        if self._disk_last is not None:
+            cx, cy, r = self._disk_last
+        else:
+            c = _planet_centroid_and_area(img[..., 1])
+            if c is not None:
+                cx, cy, area = c
+                r = max(32.0, float(np.sqrt(area / np.pi)))
+            else:
+                cx = 0.5 * (Wfull - 1)
+                cy = 0.5 * (Hfull - 1)
+                r = 0.25 * min(Wfull, Hfull)
+
+        # ---- 2) optional user adjustment (preloads previous) ----
+        if (
+            (not is_pseudo)
+            and self.chk_auto_roi.isChecked()
+            and getattr(self, "chk_adjust_disk", None) is not None
+            and self.chk_adjust_disk.isChecked()
+        ):
+            is_saturn = (ptype == 1)
+            rings_on = bool(
+                is_saturn
+                and getattr(self, "chk_rings", None) is not None
+                and self.chk_rings.isChecked()
+            )
+            is_galaxy = (ptype == 3)
+            overlay_mode = "none"
+            if is_galaxy:
+                overlay_mode = "galaxy"
+            elif is_saturn and rings_on:
+                overlay_mode = "saturn"
+
+            dlg = PlanetDiskAdjustDialog(
+                self, img[..., :3], cx, cy, r,
+                overlay_mode=overlay_mode,
+                ring_pa=float(self.spin_ring_pa.value()),
+                ring_tilt=float(self.spin_ring_tilt.value()),
+                ring_outer=float(self.spin_ring_outer.value()),
+                ring_inner=float(self.spin_ring_inner.value()),
+            )
+
+            if dlg.exec() != QDialog.DialogCode.Accepted:
+                return
+            cx, cy, r = dlg.get_result()
+            self._disk_last = (float(cx), float(cy), float(r))
+            self._disk_last_was_user = True
+
+            if overlay_mode in ("galaxy", "saturn"):
+                pa, tilt, kout, kin = dlg.get_ring_result()
+                self.spin_ring_pa.setValue(pa)
+                self.spin_ring_tilt.setValue(tilt)
+                if overlay_mode == "saturn":
+                    self.spin_ring_outer.setValue(kout)
+                    self.spin_ring_inner.setValue(kin)
+
+
+            self._disk_last = (float(cx), float(cy), float(r))
+            self._disk_last_was_user = True
+        else:
+            if self._disk_last is None:
+                self._disk_last = (float(cx), float(cy), float(r))
+                self._disk_last_was_user = False
+
+        if hasattr(self, "btn_reset_disk") and self.btn_reset_disk is not None:
+            self.btn_reset_disk.setEnabled(self._disk_last is not None)
+
+        # ---- 3) ROI size from adjusted disk (pad/min/max) ----
+        pad_mul = float(self.spin_pad.value())
+        s = int(np.clip(r * pad_mul, float(self.spin_min.value()), float(self.spin_max.value())))
+
+        # ---- PSEUDO SURFACE MODE: early exit ----
+        if is_pseudo:
+            roi = img  # whole image
+            theta = float(self.spin_theta.value())
+
+            left_w, right_w, maskL, maskR = make_pseudo_surface_pair(
+                roi,
+                theta_deg=theta,
+                depth_gamma=float(self.spin_ps_gamma.value()),
+                blur_sigma=float(self.spin_ps_blur.value()),
+                invert=bool(self.chk_ps_invert.isChecked()),
+            )
+
+            Lw01 = left_w.astype(np.float32) / 255.0 if left_w.dtype == np.uint8 else left_w.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+            Rw01 = right_w.astype(np.float32) / 255.0 if right_w.dtype == np.uint8 else right_w.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+            Lw01 = np.clip(Lw01, 0.0, 1.0)
+            Rw01 = np.clip(Rw01, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+            self._left = np.clip(Lw01 * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+            self._right = np.clip(Rw01 * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+
+            # smooth wiggle not implemented for pseudo surface (yet) — keep toggle behavior
+            self._wiggle_frames = None
+            self._wiggle_state = False
+
+            if mode == 4:
+                try:
+                    # color mode (how points are colored)
+                    idx = int(self.cmb_ps_3d_mode.currentIndex()) if hasattr(self, "cmb_ps_3d_mode") else 0
+                    color_mode = ("brightness", "depth", "dual")[max(0, min(2, idx))]
+
+                    # height source (what drives Z)
+                    hidx = int(self.cmb_ps_height_from.currentIndex()) if hasattr(self, "cmb_ps_height_from") else 0
+                    height_from = ("brightness", "color", "dual")[max(0, min(2, hidx))]
+
+                    # cap
+                    max_pts = int(self.spin_ps_max_points.value()) if hasattr(self, "spin_ps_max_points") else 250_000
+
+                    # dual saturation opacity (only used in height_from="dual")
+                    sat_opacity = float(self.spin_ps_sat_opacity.value()) if hasattr(self, "spin_ps_sat_opacity") else 0.45
+
+                    # title
+                    if height_from == "brightness":
+                        ht = "Brightness Height"
+                    elif height_from == "color":
+                        ht = "Color Intensity Height"
+                    else:
+                        ht = "Dual Height (Brightness + Color)"
+
+                    html, default_path = export_pseudo_surface_html(
+                        roi,
+                        out_path=None,
+                        title=f"Pseudo Surface ({ht})",
+                        max_dim=2048,
+                        z_scale=0.35,
+                        depth_gamma=float(self.spin_ps_gamma.value()),
+                        blur_sigma=float(self.spin_ps_blur.value()),
+                        invert=bool(self.chk_ps_invert.isChecked()),
+                        block=10,
+                        block_blur_sigma=0.6,
+                        max_vertices=max_pts,
+                        point_size=1.6,
+                        height_from=height_from,          # "brightness" | "color" | "dual"
+                        color_mode=color_mode,            # "brightness" | "depth" | "dual"
+                        depth_colorscale="Turbo",
+                        depth_opacity=0.55,
+                        depth_point_size=1.9,
+                        sat_opacity=sat_opacity,          # used in height_from="dual"
+                        sat_point_size=1.75,              # slightly different size looks great
+                        sat_luma_gate=0.02,               # suppress color-noise in very dark background
+                        sat_luma_soft=0.18,               # soft knee range
+                    )
+
+                    fn, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
+                        self,
+                        "Save Pseudo Surface As",
+                        default_path,
+                        "HTML Files (*.html)"
+                    )
+                    if fn:
+                        if not fn.lower().endswith(".html"):
+                            fn += ".html"
+                        with open(fn, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                            f.write(html)
+
+                    import tempfile, webbrowser
+                    tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=".html", mode="w", encoding="utf-8")
+                    tmp.write(html)
+                    tmp.close()
+                    webbrowser.open("file://" + tmp.name)
+
+                except Exception as e:
+                    QMessageBox.warning(self, "Pseudo Surface", f"Failed to generate 3D pseudo surface:\n{e}")
+                return
+
+            if mode == 2:
+                self._start_wiggle()
+                return
+
+            if mode == 3:
+                try:
+                    ana = _make_anaglyph(self._left, self._right, swap_eyes=False)
+                    self._push_preview_u8(ana)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    QMessageBox.warning(self, "Anaglyph", f"Failed to build anaglyph:\n{e}")
+                return
+
+            cross_eye = (mode == 1)
+            self._show_stereo_pair(cross_eye=cross_eye)
+            return
+
+        # ---- Saturn rings ROI expansion (only increases s) ----
+        is_saturn = (self.cmb_planet_type.currentIndex() == 1)
+        rings_on = bool(is_saturn and getattr(self, "chk_rings", None) is not None and self.chk_rings.isChecked())
+
+        if rings_on:
+            tilt = float(self.spin_ring_tilt.value())
+            pa = float(self.spin_ring_pa.value())
+            k_out = float(self.spin_ring_outer.value())
+
+            outer_boost = 1.05
+            a_out = k_out * float(r) * outer_boost
+            b_out = max(1.0, a_out * tilt)
+
+            th = np.deg2rad(pa)
+            cth, sth = np.cos(th), np.sin(th)
+
+            dx = np.sqrt((a_out * cth) ** 2 + (b_out * sth) ** 2)
+            dy = np.sqrt((a_out * sth) ** 2 + (b_out * cth) ** 2)
+            need_half = float(max(dx, dy))
+
+            margin = 12.0
+            s_need = int(np.ceil(2.0 * (need_half + margin)))
+            s = max(s, s_need)
+
+        s = int(np.clip(s, float(self.spin_min.value()), float(self.spin_max.value())))
+
+        # ---- ROI crop ALWAYS (for normal/saturn) ----
+        cx_i, cy_i = int(round(cx)), int(round(cy))
+        x0 = max(0, cx_i - s // 2)
+        y0 = max(0, cy_i - s // 2)
+        x1 = min(Wfull, x0 + s)
+        y1 = min(Hfull, y0 + s)
+
+        roi = img[y0:y1, x0:x1, :3]
+
+        # ---- disk mask (ROI coords) ----
+        H0, W0 = roi.shape[:2]
+        yy, xx = np.mgrid[0:H0, 0:W0].astype(np.float32)
+        cx0 = float(cx - x0)
+        cy0 = float(cy - y0)
+        disk = ((xx - cx0) ** 2 + (yy - cy0) ** 2) <= (float(r) ** 2)
+
+        def to01(x):
+            if x.dtype == np.uint8:
+                return x.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+            if x.dtype == np.uint16:
+                return x.astype(np.float32) / 65535.0
+            return x.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+
+        theta = float(self.spin_theta.value())
+
+        # ---- GALAXY TOP-DOWN (early exit) ----
+        is_galaxy = (ptype == 3) or (mode == 5)  # planet_type==Galaxy OR output==Galaxy Polar View
+
+        if is_galaxy:
+            # Galaxy wants the ROI disk params (cx0, cy0, r) + PA/tilt
+            roi01 = to01(roi)
+
+            pa = float(self.spin_ring_pa.value())      # reuse ring PA widget as galaxy PA
+            tilt = float(self.spin_ring_tilt.value())  # reuse ring tilt widget as galaxy b/a
+
+            # choose output size: use ROI size or clamp to something reasonable
+            out_size = int(max(256, min(2000, max(roi.shape[0], roi.shape[1]))))
+
+            try:
+                top8 = deproject_galaxy_topdown_u8(
+                    roi01,
+                    cx0=float(cx0), cy0=float(cy0),
+                    rpx=float(r),
+                    pa_deg=pa,
+                    tilt=tilt,
+                    out_size=out_size,
+                )
+            except Exception as e:
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, "Galaxy Polar View", f"Failed to deproject galaxy:\n{e}")
+                return
+
+            # push single-frame output
+            self._left = None
+            self._right = None
+            self._wiggle_frames = None
+            self._wiggle_state = False
+
+            self._last_preview_u8 = top8
+            self._push_preview_u8(top8)
+            return
+
+        # ---- BODY (sphere reprojection) ----
+        interp = cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4
+        left_w, right_w, maskL, maskR = make_stereo_pair(
+            roi, theta_deg=theta, disk_mask=disk, interp=interp
+        )
+        Lw01 = to01(left_w)
+        Rw01 = to01(right_w)
+
+        # ---- SATURN RINGS (optional) ----
+        ringL01 = ringR01 = None
+        ringL_front = ringL_back = ringR_front = ringR_back = None
+
+        if rings_on:
+            tilt = float(self.spin_ring_tilt.value())
+            pa = float(self.spin_ring_pa.value())
+            k_out = float(self.spin_ring_outer.value())
+            k_in = float(self.spin_ring_inner.value())
+
+            outer_boost = 1.05
+            a_out = k_out * float(r) * outer_boost
+            b_out = max(1.0, a_out * tilt)
+
+            a_in = k_in * float(r)
+            b_in = max(1.0, a_in * tilt)
+
+            ringMask = _ellipse_annulus_mask(H0, W0, cx0, cy0, a_out, b_out, a_in, b_in, pa)
+
+            roi01 = to01(roi)
+            ring_tex01 = roi01.copy()
+            ring_tex01[~ringMask] = 0.0
+
+            mapLx, mapLy, mapRx, mapRy = _yaw_warp_maps(H0, W0, theta, cx0, cy0)
+
+            ringL01 = cv2.remap(ring_tex01, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+                                borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+            ringR01 = cv2.remap(ring_tex01, mapRx, mapRy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+                                borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+
+            front0, back0 = _ring_front_back_masks(H0, W0, cx0, cy0, pa, ringMask)
+            f_u8 = (front0.astype(np.uint8) * 255)
+            b_u8 = (back0.astype(np.uint8) * 255)
+
+            ringL_front = cv2.remap(f_u8, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                                    borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0) > 127
+            ringL_back = cv2.remap(b_u8, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                                borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0) > 127
+            ringR_front = cv2.remap(f_u8, mapRx, mapRy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                                    borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0) > 127
+            ringR_back = cv2.remap(b_u8, mapRx, mapRy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                                borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0) > 127
+
+        # ---- centroid lock (planet-only) ----
+        cL = _mask_centroid(maskL)
+        cR = _mask_centroid(maskR)
+        if cL is not None and cR is not None:
+            tx = 0.5 * (cL[0] + cR[0])
+            ty = 0.5 * (cL[1] + cR[1])
+
+            dxL, dyL = (tx - cL[0]), (ty - cL[1])
+            dxR, dyR = (tx - cR[0]), (ty - cR[1])
+
+            Lw01 = _shift_image(Lw01, dxL, dyL, border_value=0)
+            Rw01 = _shift_image(Rw01, dxR, dyR, border_value=0)
+            maskL = _shift_mask(maskL, dxL, dyL)
+            maskR = _shift_mask(maskR, dxR, dyR)
+
+            # IMPORTANT for smooth wiggle: ring masks/textures need to be shifted too
+            if ringL01 is not None:
+                ringL01 = _shift_image(ringL01, dxL, dyL, border_value=0)
+                ringR01 = _shift_image(ringR01, dxR, dyR, border_value=0)
+                ringL_front = _shift_mask(ringL_front, dxL, dyL) if ringL_front is not None else None
+                ringL_back  = _shift_mask(ringL_back,  dxL, dyL) if ringL_back  is not None else None
+                ringR_front = _shift_mask(ringR_front, dxR, dyR) if ringR_front is not None else None
+                ringR_back  = _shift_mask(ringR_back,  dxR, dyR) if ringR_back  is not None else None
+
+        # ---- build background (bg01) ----
+        H, W = roi.shape[:2]
+        if self.chk_bg_image.isChecked() and self._bg_img01 is not None:
+            bg = cv2.resize(self._bg_img01, (W, H), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
+            bg01 = np.clip(bg.astype(np.float32, copy=False), 0.0, 1.0)
+        else:
+            bg01 = np.zeros((H, W, 3), dtype=np.float32)
+
+        if self.chk_starfield.isChecked():
+            bg01 = _add_starfield(
+                bg01,
+                density=float(self.spin_density.value()),
+                seed=int(self.spin_seed.value()),
+                star_sigma=0.8,
+                brightness=0.9,
+            )
+
+        # ---- background parallax (for the still L/R that you already show) ----
+        cL2 = _mask_centroid(maskL)
+        cR2 = _mask_centroid(maskR)
+        planet_disp_px = float(cL2[0] - cR2[0]) if (cL2 is not None and cR2 is not None) else 0.0
+
+        depth_pct = float(self._bg_depth_internal_signed()) / 100.0
+        bg_disp_px = planet_disp_px * depth_pct
+        bg_shift = 0.5 * bg_disp_px
+
+        max_bg_shift = 10.0 * min(H, W)
+        bg_shift = float(np.clip(bg_shift, -max_bg_shift, +max_bg_shift))
+
+        bgL = _shift_image(bg01, +bg_shift, 0.0, border_value=0)
+        bgR = _shift_image(bg01, -bg_shift, 0.0, border_value=0)
+
+        # ---- composite L/R ----
+        Ldisp01 = bgL.copy()
+        Rdisp01 = bgR.copy()
+
+        if ringL01 is not None:
+            Ldisp01[ringL_back & (~maskL)] = ringL01[ringL_back & (~maskL)]
+            Rdisp01[ringR_back & (~maskR)] = ringR01[ringR_back & (~maskR)]
+
+        Ldisp01[maskL] = Lw01[maskL]
+        Rdisp01[maskR] = Rw01[maskR]
+
+        if ringL01 is not None:
+            Ldisp01[ringL_front] = ringL01[ringL_front]
+            Rdisp01[ringR_front] = ringR01[ringR_front]
+
+        self._left = np.clip(Ldisp01 * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        self._right = np.clip(Rdisp01 * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        self._wiggle_state = False
+
+        # ---- mode handling ----
+        if mode == 4:
+            try:
+                rings_kwargs = None
+                if rings_on:
+                    rings_kwargs = dict(
+                        cx=float(cx0),
+                        cy=float(cy0),
+                        r=float(r),
+                        pa=float(self.spin_ring_pa.value()),
+                        tilt=float(self.spin_ring_tilt.value()),
+                        k_out=float(self.spin_ring_outer.value()),
+                        k_in=float(self.spin_ring_inner.value()),
+                    )
+
+                html, default_path = export_planet_sphere_html(
+                    roi_rgb=roi,
+                    disk_mask=disk,
+                    out_path=None,
+                    n_lat=140,
+                    n_lon=280,
+                    title="Saturn" if rings_on else "Planet Sphere",
+                    rings=rings_kwargs,
+                )
+
+                fn, _ = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
+                    self,
+                    "Save Planet Sphere As",
+                    default_path,
+                    "HTML Files (*.html)"
+                )
+                if fn:
+                    if not fn.lower().endswith(".html"):
+                        fn += ".html"
+                    with open(fn, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                        f.write(html)
+
+                import tempfile, webbrowser
+                tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False, suffix=".html", mode="w", encoding="utf-8")
+                tmp.write(html)
+                tmp.close()
+                webbrowser.open("file://" + tmp.name)
+
+            except Exception as e:
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, "Planet Sphere", f"Failed to generate 3D sphere:\n{e}")
+            return
+
+        if mode == 2:
+            self._start_wiggle()
+            return
+
+        if mode == 3:
+            try:
+                ana = _make_anaglyph(self._left, self._right, swap_eyes=False)
+                self._push_preview_u8(ana)
+            except Exception as e:
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, "Anaglyph", f"Failed to build anaglyph:\n{e}")
+            return
+
+        cross_eye = (mode == 0)
+        self._show_stereo_pair(cross_eye=cross_eye)
+        return
+
+    def _render_composited_view_u8(self, theta_deg: float) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Render ONE view (not L/R pair) at a given theta using the real reprojection math.
+        Returns RGB uint8 frame for preview/save.
+        """
+        if not hasattr(self, "_wiggle_ctx") or self._wiggle_ctx is None:
+            return None
+
+        ctx = self._wiggle_ctx
+        roi = ctx["roi"]
+        disk = ctx["disk"]
+        bg01 = ctx["bg01"]
+        H0, W0 = roi.shape[:2]
+        cx0, cy0 = float(ctx["cx0"]), float(ctx["cy0"])
+
+        def to01(x):
+            x = np.asarray(x)
+            if x.dtype == np.uint8:
+                return x.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+            if x.dtype == np.uint16:
+                return x.astype(np.float32) / 65535.0
+            return x.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+
+        # --- BODY: we can reuse make_stereo_pair by asking for a symmetric pair
+        # and then choosing the "left" for +theta and "right" for -theta.
+        # Easiest: call make_stereo_pair with theta_deg and take left_w/maskL as view.
+        interp = cv2.INTER_LANCZOS4
+        left_w, right_w, maskL, maskR = make_stereo_pair(roi, theta_deg=float(theta_deg), disk_mask=disk, interp=interp)
+
+        view01 = to01(left_w)
+        mask = maskL
+
+        # --- RINGS (optional): warp ring texture with same theta and composite back/front
+        ring01 = None
+        ring_front = ring_back = None
+        if ctx["rings_on"]:
+            tilt = float(ctx["ring_tilt"])
+            pa = float(ctx["ring_pa"])
+            k_out = float(ctx["ring_outer"])
+            k_in = float(ctx["ring_inner"])
+            r = float(ctx["r"])
+
+            outer_boost = 1.05
+            a_out = k_out * r * outer_boost
+            b_out = max(1.0, a_out * tilt)
+            a_in = k_in * r
+            b_in = max(1.0, a_in * tilt)
+
+            ringMask = _ellipse_annulus_mask(H0, W0, cx0, cy0, a_out, b_out, a_in, b_in, pa)
+
+            roi01 = to01(roi)
+            ring_tex01 = roi01.copy()
+            ring_tex01[~ringMask] = 0.0
+
+            mapLx, mapLy, mapRx, mapRy = _yaw_warp_maps(H0, W0, float(theta_deg), cx0, cy0)
+            ring01 = cv2.remap(ring_tex01, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR,
+                            borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0)
+
+            front0, back0 = _ring_front_back_masks(H0, W0, cx0, cy0, pa, ringMask)
+            f_u8 = (front0.astype(np.uint8) * 255)
+            b_u8 = (back0.astype(np.uint8) * 255)
+            ring_front = (cv2.remap(f_u8, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                                    borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0) > 127)
+            ring_back  = (cv2.remap(b_u8, mapLx, mapLy, interpolation=cv2.INTER_NEAREST,
+                                    borderMode=cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, borderValue=0) > 127)
+
+        # --- BACKGROUND PARALLAX: compute disparity for this theta using centroids in this view vs the opposite view
+        # We already have maskL/maskR from make_stereo_pair.
+        cL = _mask_centroid(maskL)
+        cR = _mask_centroid(maskR)
+        planet_disp_px = float(cL[0] - cR[0]) if (cL is not None and cR is not None) else 0.0
+
+        depth_pct = float(self._bg_depth_internal_signed()) / 100.0
+        bg_disp_px = planet_disp_px * depth_pct
+        bg_shift = 0.5 * bg_disp_px
+        max_bg_shift = 10.0 * min(H0, W0)
+        bg_shift = float(np.clip(bg_shift, -max_bg_shift, +max_bg_shift))
+
+        bg = _shift_image(bg01, +bg_shift, 0.0, border_value=0)  # single-view bg
+
+        # --- COMPOSITE
+        out01 = bg.copy()
+
+        if ring01 is not None:
+            out01[ring_back & (~mask)] = ring01[ring_back & (~mask)]
+
+        out01[mask] = view01[mask]
+
+        if ring01 is not None:
+            out01[ring_front] = ring01[ring_front]
+
+        out8 = np.clip(out01 * 255.0, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        return out8
+
+    def _build_smooth_wiggle_frames(self):
+        if not hasattr(self, "_wiggle_ctx") or self._wiggle_ctx is None:
+            self._wiggle_frames = None
+            return
+
+        theta_max = float(self.spin_theta.value())
+        steps = int(getattr(self, "_wiggle_steps", 36))
+        steps = max(8, min(240, steps))
+
+        frames = []
+        for i in range(steps):
+            phase = (2.0 * np.pi * i) / float(steps)
+            theta_i = theta_max * float(np.sin(phase))  # smooth motion
+            f = self._render_composited_view_u8(theta_i)
+            if f is not None:
+                frames.append(f)
+
+        self._wiggle_frames = frames if frames else None
+
+
+    def _show_stereo_pair(self, cross_eye: bool = False):
+        if self._left is None or self._right is None:
+            return
+
+        # Ensure preview exists (same logic as _push_preview_u8)
+        if self._preview_win is None or not self._preview_win.isVisible():
+            self._open_preview_window()
+
+        # IMPORTANT: pass the RAW L and R (do NOT pre-compose into one canvas)
+        # swap_eyes handles parallel vs cross-eye ordering inside the preview window
+        self._preview_win.set_stereo_u8(
+            self._left,
+            self._right,
+            swap_eyes=bool(cross_eye),
+            gap_px=16
+        )
+
+        # keep "last still" meaningful for Save Still…
+        # If you want Save Still to save the side-by-side, ask preview for its composed canvas,
+        # but for now, we’ll store a simple composed copy here:
+        self._last_preview_u8 = self._compose_side_by_side_u8(
+            self._left, self._right, swap_eyes=bool(cross_eye), gap_px=16
+        )
+
+    def _choose_bg(self):
+        fn, _ = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(
+            self,
+            "Select background image",
+            "",
+            "Images (*.png *.jpg *.jpeg *.tif *.tiff *.bmp);;All Files (*)",
+        )
+        if not fn:
+            return
+        self._bg_path = fn
+        self.bg_path_edit.setText(fn)
+
+        try:
+            # load via cv2, convert to RGB float01
+            im = cv2.imread(fn, cv2.IMREAD_UNCHANGED)
+            if im is None:
+                raise RuntimeError("Could not read file.")
+            if im.ndim == 2:
+                im = np.stack([im, im, im], axis=2)
+            if im.shape[2] > 3:
+                im = im[..., :3]
+
+            # BGR->RGB
+            im = im[..., ::-1]
+
+            if im.dtype == np.uint8:
+                im01 = im.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+            elif im.dtype == np.uint16:
+                im01 = im.astype(np.float32) / 65535.0
+            else:
+                im01 = im.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+                # best effort clamp
+                im01 = np.clip(im01, 0.0, 1.0)
+
+            self._bg_img01 = im01
+        except Exception as e:
+            self._bg_img01 = None
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Background Image", f"Failed to load background:\n{e}")
+
+    def _start_wiggle(self):
+        if self._left is None or self._right is None:
+            QMessageBox.information(self, "Wiggle", "Nothing to wiggle yet. Click Generate first.")
+            return
+
+        self.btn_stop.setEnabled(True)
+        self._wiggle_state = False
+
+        interval = int(self.spin_wiggle_ms.value())  # old meaning: toggle period
+        interval = max(10, interval)
+
+        self._wiggle_timer.start(interval)
+        self._on_wiggle_tick()
+
+
+    def _stop_wiggle(self):
+        if self._wiggle_timer.isActive():
+            self._wiggle_timer.stop()
+        self.btn_stop.setEnabled(False)
+
+
+    def _on_wiggle_tick(self):
+        if self._left is None or self._right is None:
+            return
+
+        frame = self._right if self._wiggle_state else self._left
+        self._wiggle_state = not self._wiggle_state
+        self._push_preview_u8(frame)
+
+    def _save_still(self):
+        if self._last_preview_u8 is None:
+            QMessageBox.information(self, "Save Still", "Nothing to save yet. Click Generate first.")
+            return
+
+        fn, filt = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
+            self,
+            "Save Still Image",
+            "",
+            "PNG (*.png);;JPEG (*.jpg *.jpeg);;TIFF (*.tif *.tiff)"
+        )
+        if not fn:
+            return
+
+        img = self._last_preview_u8  # RGB uint8
+
+        # decide format from extension (default to png)
+        ext = os.path.splitext(fn)[1].lower()
+        if ext == "":
+            fn += ".png"
+            ext = ".png"
+
+        try:
+            # use PIL for consistent RGB save
+            from PIL import Image
+            im = Image.fromarray(img, mode="RGB")
+            if ext in (".jpg", ".jpeg"):
+                im.save(fn, quality=95, subsampling=0)
+            else:
+                im.save(fn)
+        except Exception as e:
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Save Still", f"Failed to save:\n{e}")
+
+    def _save_wiggle(self):
+        if self._left is None or self._right is None:
+            QMessageBox.information(self, "Save Wiggle", "Nothing to save yet. Click Generate first.")
+            return
+
+        fn, filt = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
+            self,
+            "Save Wiggle Animation",
+            "",
+            "Animated GIF (*.gif);;MP4 Video (*.mp4)"
+        )
+        if not fn:
+            return
+
+        want_mp4 = ("*.mp4" in filt) or fn.lower().endswith(".mp4")
+        want_gif = ("*.gif" in filt) or fn.lower().endswith(".gif")
+
+        # add extension if missing
+        if os.path.splitext(fn)[1] == "":
+            fn += ".mp4" if want_mp4 else ".gif"
+            want_mp4 = fn.lower().endswith(".mp4")
+            want_gif = fn.lower().endswith(".gif")
+
+        def _ensure_rgb_u8(x):
+            x = np.asarray(x)
+            if x.dtype != np.uint8:
+                x = np.clip(x, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+            if x.ndim == 2:
+                x = np.stack([x, x, x], axis=2)
+            if x.shape[2] > 3:
+                x = x[..., :3]
+            return x
+
+        L = _ensure_rgb_u8(self._left)
+        R = _ensure_rgb_u8(self._right)
+
+        toggle_ms = int(self.spin_wiggle_ms.value())
+        toggle_ms = max(10, toggle_ms)
+
+        # old behavior: ~2 seconds total, alternating every toggle_ms
+        fps = 1000.0 / float(toggle_ms)
+        n_frames = max(2, int(round(2.0 * fps)))
+        if n_frames % 2 == 1:
+            n_frames += 1
+
+        frames = [R if (i % 2 == 1) else L for i in range(n_frames)]
+
+        if want_gif:
+            try:
+                from PIL import Image
+                pil_frames = [Image.fromarray(f, mode="RGB") for f in frames]
+                pil_frames[0].save(
+                    fn,
+                    save_all=True,
+                    append_images=pil_frames[1:],
+                    duration=toggle_ms,
+                    loop=0,
+                    disposal=2,
+                    optimize=False
+                )
+                return
+            except Exception as e:
+                QMessageBox.warning(self, "Save Wiggle", f"Failed to save GIF:\n{e}")
+                return
+
+        # MP4
+        try:
+            import cv2
+            h, w = frames[0].shape[:2]
+            fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*"mp4v")
+            vw = cv2.VideoWriter(fn, fourcc, float(fps), (w, h))
+            if not vw.isOpened():
+                raise RuntimeError("Could not open MP4 encoder (mp4v). This system may lack an MP4 codec.")
+
+            for f in frames:
+                vw.write(f[..., ::-1])  # RGB->BGR
+            vw.release()
+            return
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            QMessageBox.warning(
+                self,
+                "Save Wiggle (MP4)",
+                "Failed to save MP4.\n\n"
+                f"{e}\n\n"
+                "Tip: GIF export should always work. If you need MP4 reliably, we can bundle/use ffmpeg."
+            )
+            return
+
+    def closeEvent(self, e):
+        self._stop_wiggle()
+        super().closeEvent(e)
+
+class PlanetDiskAdjustDialog(QDialog):
+    """
+    Manual override for planet disk center/radius.
+    - Ctrl+drag to move center.
+    - +/- or slider/spin to change radius.
+    - Arrow buttons (and arrow keys) to nudge.
+    Returns cx, cy, r in FULL IMAGE pixel coords.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, parent, img_rgb: np.ndarray, cx: float, cy: float, r: float,
+                *, show_rings: bool = False, overlay_mode: str = "none",
+                ring_pa: float = 0.0, ring_tilt: float = 0.35,
+                ring_outer: float = 2.2, ring_inner: float = 1.25):
+        super().__init__(parent)
+
+        self.setWindowTitle("Adjust Planet Disk")
+        self.setModal(True)
+        self._preview_zoom = 1.0   # 1.0 = Fit
+        self.overlay_mode = str(overlay_mode)
+        self.show_rings = (self.overlay_mode in ("saturn", "galaxy"))
+        self.img = np.asarray(img_rgb)
+        self.H, self.W = self.img.shape[:2]
+
+        self.cx = float(cx)
+        self.cy = float(cy)
+        self.r = float(r)
+
+        # --- rings (optional) ---
+
+        self.ring_pa = float(ring_pa)
+        self.ring_tilt = float(ring_tilt)
+        self.ring_outer = float(ring_outer)
+        self.ring_inner = float(ring_inner)
+
+        self._dragging = False
+        self._drag_offset = (0.0, 0.0)
+
+        # preview state
+        self._disp8 = _to_u8_preview(self.img[..., :3])
+        self._scale = 1.0
+        self._offx = 0.0
+        self._offy = 0.0
+
+        self._build_ui()
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def _build_ui(self):
+        outer = QVBoxLayout(self)
+        outer.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)
+        outer.setSpacing(8)
+
+        help_txt = (
+            "Ctrl+Click+Drag to move the circle.\n"
+            "Use Radius controls and arrow nudges for precision."
+        )
+        if self.show_rings:
+            help_txt += "\nAdjust ring PA / tilt / inner / outer to match Saturn's rings."
+
+        self.lbl_help = QLabel(help_txt)
+        self.lbl_help.setWordWrap(True)
+        outer.addWidget(self.lbl_help)
+
+        # Zoom controls
+        zoom_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.btn_zoom_out = themed_toolbtn("zoom-out", "Zoom Out")
+        self.btn_zoom_in  = themed_toolbtn("zoom-in", "Zoom In")
+        self.btn_zoom_100 = themed_toolbtn("zoom-original", "1:1")
+        self.btn_zoom_fit = themed_toolbtn("zoom-fit-best", "Fit")
+
+        zoom_row.addStretch(1)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_out)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_fit)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_100)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_in)
+        outer.addLayout(zoom_row)
+
+        self.btn_zoom_out.clicked.connect(lambda: self._set_preview_zoom(self._preview_zoom * 0.8))
+        self.btn_zoom_in.clicked.connect(lambda: self._set_preview_zoom(self._preview_zoom * 1.25))
+        self.btn_zoom_fit.clicked.connect(lambda: self._set_preview_zoom(1.0))
+        self.btn_zoom_100.clicked.connect(lambda: self._set_preview_zoom(0.0))
+
+        # preview label
+        self.preview = QLabel(self)
+        self.preview.setMinimumSize(780, 420)
+        self.preview.setAlignment(Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignCenter)
+        self.preview.setStyleSheet("background:#111; border:1px solid #333;")
+        self.preview.setMouseTracking(True)
+        self.preview.installEventFilter(self)
+        outer.addWidget(self.preview)
+
+        # --- rings controls (optional) ---
+        if self.overlay_mode in ("saturn", "galaxy"):
+            title = "Galaxy disk alignment" if self.overlay_mode == "galaxy" else "Saturn ring alignment"
+            rings_box = QGroupBox(title)
+            rings_form = QFormLayout(rings_box)
+
+            # PA
+            row, self.sld_ring_pa, self.spin_ring_pa = self._make_slider_spin_row(
+                min_v=-180.0, max_v=180.0, step_v=1.0,
+                value=self.ring_pa, decimals=0,
+                on_change=self._on_ring_widgets_changed
+            )
+            rings_form.addRow("Disk PA (deg):" if self.overlay_mode=="galaxy" else "Ring PA (deg):", row)
+
+            # tilt
+            row, self.sld_ring_tilt, self.spin_ring_tilt = self._make_slider_spin_row(
+                min_v=0.05, max_v=1.0, step_v=0.01,
+                value=self.ring_tilt, decimals=2,
+                on_change=self._on_ring_widgets_changed
+            )
+            rings_form.addRow("Disk tilt (b/a):" if self.overlay_mode=="galaxy" else "Ring tilt (b/a):", row)
+
+            # ONLY Saturn gets inner/outer
+            if self.overlay_mode == "saturn":
+                row, self.sld_ring_outer, self.spin_ring_outer = self._make_slider_spin_row(
+                    min_v=1.0, max_v=4.0, step_v=0.05,
+                    value=self.ring_outer, decimals=2,
+                    on_change=self._on_ring_widgets_changed,
+                )
+                rings_form.addRow("Outer factor:", row)
+
+                row, self.sld_ring_inner, self.spin_ring_inner = self._make_slider_spin_row(
+                    min_v=0.2, max_v=3.5, step_v=0.05,
+                    value=self.ring_inner, decimals=2,
+                    on_change=self._on_ring_widgets_changed,
+                )
+                rings_form.addRow("Inner factor:", row)
+            outer.addWidget(rings_box)
+
+        if self.overlay_mode == "saturn":
+            help_txt += "\nAdjust ring PA / tilt / inner / outer to match Saturn's rings."
+        elif self.overlay_mode == "galaxy":
+            help_txt += "\nAdjust disk PA / tilt to match the galaxy's projected ellipse."
+        self.lbl_help.setText(help_txt)
+
+        # radius row
+        rad_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.btn_r_minus = QPushButton("Radius -")
+        self.btn_r_plus = QPushButton("Radius +")
+        self.spin_r = QDoubleSpinBox()
+        self.spin_r.setRange(5.0, float(max(self.W, self.H)))
+        self.spin_r.setDecimals(2)
+        self.spin_r.setSingleStep(1.0)
+        self.spin_r.setValue(self.r)
+        self.spin_r.valueChanged.connect(self._on_radius_spin)
+
+        self.sld_r = QSlider(Qt.Orientation.Horizontal)
+        self.sld_r.setRange(5, int(max(self.W, self.H)))
+        self.sld_r.setValue(int(round(self.r)))
+        self.sld_r.valueChanged.connect(self._on_radius_slider)
+
+        self.btn_r_minus.clicked.connect(lambda: self._bump_radius(-2.0))
+        self.btn_r_plus.clicked.connect(lambda: self._bump_radius(+2.0))
+
+        rad_row.addWidget(self.btn_r_minus)
+        rad_row.addWidget(self.btn_r_plus)
+        rad_row.addWidget(QLabel("R:"))
+        rad_row.addWidget(self.spin_r)
+        rad_row.addWidget(self.sld_r, 1)
+        outer.addLayout(rad_row)
+
+        # nudge row
+        nud_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.spin_step = QSpinBox()
+        self.spin_step.setRange(1, 200)
+        self.spin_step.setValue(2)
+        nud_row.addWidget(QLabel("Nudge (px):"))
+        nud_row.addWidget(self.spin_step)
+
+        self.btn_left = QPushButton("◀")
+        self.btn_right = QPushButton("▶")
+        self.btn_up = QPushButton("▲")
+        self.btn_down = QPushButton("▼")
+
+        self.btn_left.clicked.connect(lambda: self._nudge(-1, 0))
+        self.btn_right.clicked.connect(lambda: self._nudge(+1, 0))
+        self.btn_up.clicked.connect(lambda: self._nudge(0, -1))
+        self.btn_down.clicked.connect(lambda: self._nudge(0, +1))
+
+        nud_row.addStretch(1)
+        nud_row.addWidget(self.btn_up)
+        nud_row.addWidget(self.btn_left)
+        nud_row.addWidget(self.btn_right)
+        nud_row.addWidget(self.btn_down)
+        outer.addLayout(nud_row)
+
+        # status
+        self.lbl_status = QLabel("")
+        outer.addWidget(self.lbl_status)
+
+        # ok/cancel
+        btn_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.btn_ok = QPushButton("Use This Disk")
+        self.btn_cancel = QPushButton("Cancel")
+        btn_row.addWidget(self.btn_ok)
+        btn_row.addStretch(1)
+        btn_row.addWidget(self.btn_cancel)
+        outer.addLayout(btn_row)
+
+        self.btn_ok.clicked.connect(self.accept)
+        self.btn_cancel.clicked.connect(self.reject)
+
+    # ---------- coordinate helpers ----------
+    def _make_slider_spin_row(self, *,
+                            min_v: float, max_v: float, step_v: float,
+                            value: float, decimals: int,
+                            on_change):
+        """
+        Returns (row_layout, slider, spin).
+        Slider is int-based; spin is float. They stay in sync.
+        """
+        scale = int(round(1.0 / step_v))  # e.g. 0.05 -> 20, 0.02 -> 50
+        if scale <= 0:
+            scale = 1
+
+        sld = QSlider(Qt.Orientation.Horizontal, self)
+        sld.setRange(int(round(min_v * scale)), int(round(max_v * scale)))
+        sld.setSingleStep(1)
+        sld.setPageStep(max(1, int(round(10 * scale * step_v))))  # about 10 steps
+        sld.setValue(int(round(value * scale)))
+
+        spn = QDoubleSpinBox(self)
+        spn.setRange(min_v, max_v)
+        spn.setDecimals(decimals)
+        spn.setSingleStep(step_v)
+        spn.setValue(value)
+        spn.setFixedWidth(100)
+
+        def sld_to_spin(iv: int):
+            fv = iv / float(scale)
+            spn.blockSignals(True)
+            spn.setValue(fv)
+            spn.blockSignals(False)
+            on_change()
+
+        def spin_to_sld(fv: float):
+            iv = int(round(fv * scale))
+            sld.blockSignals(True)
+            sld.setValue(iv)
+            sld.blockSignals(False)
+            on_change()
+
+        sld.valueChanged.connect(sld_to_spin)
+        spn.valueChanged.connect(spin_to_sld)
+
+        row = QHBoxLayout()
+        row.addWidget(sld, 1)
+        row.addWidget(spn)
+
+        return row, sld, spn
+
+
+    def _on_ring_widgets_changed(self):
+        # Always present in saturn+galaxy
+        if hasattr(self, "spin_ring_pa"):
+            self.ring_pa = float(self.spin_ring_pa.value())
+        if hasattr(self, "spin_ring_tilt"):
+            self.ring_tilt = float(self.spin_ring_tilt.value())
+
+        # Only present for saturn
+        if self.overlay_mode == "saturn":
+            if hasattr(self, "spin_ring_outer"):
+                self.ring_outer = float(self.spin_ring_outer.value())
+            if hasattr(self, "spin_ring_inner"):
+                self.ring_inner = float(self.spin_ring_inner.value())
+
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def get_ring_result(self) -> tuple[float, float, float, float]:
+        pa = float(getattr(self, "ring_pa", 0.0))
+        tilt = float(getattr(self, "ring_tilt", 0.35))
+
+        if self.overlay_mode == "saturn":
+            kout = float(getattr(self, "ring_outer", 2.2))
+            kin  = float(getattr(self, "ring_inner", 1.25))
+        else:
+            kout = float(getattr(self, "ring_outer", 2.2))  # harmless
+            kin  = float(getattr(self, "ring_inner", 1.25))
+
+        return (pa, tilt, kout, kin)
+
+    def _on_ring_changed(self, *_):
+        self.ring_pa = float(self.spin_ring_pa.value())
+        self.ring_tilt = float(self.spin_ring_tilt.value())
+        self.ring_outer = float(self.spin_ring_outer.value())
+        self.ring_inner = float(self.spin_ring_inner.value())
+        self._redraw()
+
+
+    def _compute_fit_transform(self):
+        # label size
+        pw = max(1, self.preview.width())
+        ph = max(1, self.preview.height())
+
+        # scale factor to fit image into label
+        sw = pw / float(self.W)
+        sh = ph / float(self.H)
+        self._scale = float(min(sw, sh))
+
+        # the fitted draw size (in LABEL coords)
+        draw_w = self.W * self._scale
+        draw_h = self.H * self._scale
+
+        # offsets in LABEL coords (letterboxing)
+        self._offx = 0.5 * (pw - draw_w)
+        self._offy = 0.5 * (ph - draw_h)
+
+        # ALSO store pixmap-space scale after scaling
+        # (pixmap is the scaled-to-fit image)
+        self._pix_w = int(round(draw_w))
+        self._pix_h = int(round(draw_h))
+
+        # pixmap space has NO offx/offy; it starts at (0,0)
+        self._pix_scale = self._scale
+
+    def _img_to_label(self, x: float, y: float) -> tuple[float, float]:
+        return (self._offx + x * self._scale, self._offy + y * self._scale)
+
+    def _label_to_img(self, x: float, y: float) -> tuple[float, float]:
+        ix = (x - self._offx) / max(self._scale, 1e-9)
+        iy = (y - self._offy) / max(self._scale, 1e-9)
+        return (ix, iy)
+
+    def _img_to_pix(self, x: float, y: float) -> tuple[float, float]:
+        # pixmap coords (0..pix_w, 0..pix_h)
+        return (x * self._pix_scale, y * self._pix_scale)
+    
+    def _set_preview_zoom(self, z: float):
+        if z < 0.05 and z != 0.0:
+            z = 0.05
+        if z > 8.0:
+            z = 8.0
+        self._preview_zoom = float(z)
+        # currently we always draw "fit"; keep behavior consistent by just redrawing
+        self._redraw()
+
+
+    # ---------- drawing ----------
+    def _redraw(self):
+        self._compute_fit_transform()
+
+        # base pixmap (fit into preview)
+        qimg = QImage(
+            self._disp8.data,
+            self.W,
+            self.H,
+            int(self._disp8.strides[0]),
+            QImage.Format.Format_RGB888,
+        )
+        pix = QPixmap.fromImage(qimg).scaled(
+            self.preview.size(),
+            Qt.AspectRatioMode.KeepAspectRatio,
+            Qt.TransformationMode.SmoothTransformation,
+        )
+
+        painter = QPainter(pix)
+        painter.setRenderHint(QPainter.RenderHint.Antialiasing, True)
+
+        # Determine overlay mode:
+        # - "saturn": inner+outer ellipses
+        # - "galaxy": single disk ellipse
+        # - otherwise: none
+        overlay_mode = getattr(self, "overlay_mode", None)
+        if overlay_mode is None:
+            # backwards compatibility with old flag
+            overlay_mode = "saturn" if getattr(self, "show_rings", False) else "none"
+        overlay_mode = str(overlay_mode).lower()
+
+        # Map center to pix coords
+        cxp, cyp = self._img_to_pix(self.cx, self.cy)
+
+        # -----------------------------
+        # Main circle + crosshair
+        # -----------------------------
+        # In galaxy mode, the ellipse is the important overlay; circle is optional.
+        DRAW_MAIN_CIRCLE_IN_GALAXY = True  # set False if you want ONLY ellipse for galaxy
+
+        if overlay_mode != "galaxy" or DRAW_MAIN_CIRCLE_IN_GALAXY:
+            pen = QPen(QColor(0, 255, 0))
+            pen.setWidth(3)
+            painter.setPen(pen)
+
+            rv = float(self.r) * float(self._pix_scale)
+            painter.drawEllipse(
+                QPoint(int(round(cxp)), int(round(cyp))),
+                int(round(rv)),
+                int(round(rv)),
+            )
+
+        # center crosshair
+        pen2 = QPen(QColor(0, 255, 0))
+        pen2.setWidth(2)
+        painter.setPen(pen2)
+        painter.drawLine(int(round(cxp - 8)), int(round(cyp)),     int(round(cxp + 8)), int(round(cyp)))
+        painter.drawLine(int(round(cxp)),     int(round(cyp - 8)), int(round(cxp)),     int(round(cyp + 8)))
+
+        # -----------------------------
+        # Ellipse overlays
+        # -----------------------------
+        if overlay_mode in ("saturn", "galaxy"):
+            try:
+                pa = float(getattr(self, "ring_pa", 0.0))
+                tilt = float(getattr(self, "ring_tilt", 0.35))
+                tilt = max(0.01, min(1.0, tilt))
+
+                # ellipse semi-axes in SOURCE pixels
+                if overlay_mode == "galaxy":
+                    # ONE ellipse: major axis = r, minor = r * tilt
+                    a = float(self.r)
+                    b = max(1.0, a * tilt)
+
+                    # convert to PIX coords
+                    a_p = a * float(self._pix_scale)
+                    b_p = b * float(self._pix_scale)
+
+                    painter.save()
+                    painter.translate(cxp, cyp)
+                    painter.rotate(pa)
+
+                    penr = QPen(QColor(0, 255, 0))
+                    penr.setWidth(2)
+                    painter.setPen(penr)
+
+                    painter.drawEllipse(
+                        int(round(-a_p)), int(round(-b_p)),
+                        int(round(2 * a_p)), int(round(2 * b_p)),
+                    )
+
+                    # minor-axis guide
+                    pena = QPen(QColor(0, 200, 0))
+                    pena.setWidth(2)
+                    painter.setPen(pena)
+                    painter.drawLine(0, int(round(-b_p)), 0, int(round(b_p)))
+
+                    painter.restore()
+
+                else:
+                    # SATURN: inner + outer ellipse annulus
+                    k_out = float(getattr(self, "ring_outer", 2.2))
+                    k_in  = float(getattr(self, "ring_inner", 1.25))
+
+                    a_out = k_out * float(self.r)
+                    b_out = max(1.0, a_out * tilt)
+                    a_in  = k_in  * float(self.r)
+                    b_in  = max(1.0, a_in  * tilt)
+
+                    a_out_p = a_out * float(self._pix_scale)
+                    b_out_p = b_out * float(self._pix_scale)
+                    a_in_p  = a_in  * float(self._pix_scale)
+                    b_in_p  = b_in  * float(self._pix_scale)
+
+                    painter.save()
+                    painter.translate(cxp, cyp)
+                    painter.rotate(pa)
+
+                    penr = QPen(QColor(0, 255, 0))
+                    penr.setWidth(2)
+                    painter.setPen(penr)
+
+                    painter.drawEllipse(
+                        int(round(-a_out_p)), int(round(-b_out_p)),
+                        int(round(2 * a_out_p)), int(round(2 * b_out_p)),
+                    )
+                    painter.drawEllipse(
+                        int(round(-a_in_p)), int(round(-b_in_p)),
+                        int(round(2 * a_in_p)), int(round(2 * b_in_p)),
+                    )
+
+                    # minor-axis guide
+                    pena = QPen(QColor(0, 200, 0))
+                    pena.setWidth(2)
+                    painter.setPen(pena)
+                    painter.drawLine(0, int(round(-b_out_p)), 0, int(round(b_out_p)))
+
+                    painter.restore()
+
+            except Exception:
+                # keep UI alive if something weird happens
+                pass
+
+        painter.end()
+
+        self.preview.setPixmap(pix)
+
+        # status label
+        if overlay_mode == "galaxy":
+            pa = float(getattr(self, "ring_pa", 0.0))
+            tilt = float(getattr(self, "ring_tilt", 0.35))
+            self.lbl_status.setText(
+                f"Center: ({self.cx:.1f}, {self.cy:.1f})   Radius: {self.r:.1f}px   "
+                f"PA: {pa:.1f}°   Tilt(b/a): {tilt:.2f}"
+            )
+        elif overlay_mode == "saturn":
+            pa = float(getattr(self, "ring_pa", 0.0))
+            tilt = float(getattr(self, "ring_tilt", 0.35))
+            kout = float(getattr(self, "ring_outer", 2.2))
+            kin  = float(getattr(self, "ring_inner", 1.25))
+            self.lbl_status.setText(
+                f"Center: ({self.cx:.1f}, {self.cy:.1f})   Radius: {self.r:.1f}px   "
+                f"PA: {pa:.1f}°   Tilt(b/a): {tilt:.2f}   Outer: {kout:.2f}   Inner: {kin:.2f}"
+            )
+        else:
+            self.lbl_status.setText(f"Center: ({self.cx:.1f}, {self.cy:.1f})   Radius: {self.r:.1f}px")
+
+
+    # ---------- UI callbacks ----------
+    def _clamp(self):
+        self.cx = float(np.clip(self.cx, 0.0, self.W - 1.0))
+        self.cy = float(np.clip(self.cy, 0.0, self.H - 1.0))
+        # radius cannot exceed image bounds too much; keep sane
+        self.r = float(np.clip(self.r, 5.0, 2.0 * max(self.W, self.H)))
+
+    def _bump_radius(self, dr: float):
+        self.r += float(dr)
+        self._clamp()
+        self.spin_r.blockSignals(True)
+        self.sld_r.blockSignals(True)
+        self.spin_r.setValue(self.r)
+        self.sld_r.setValue(int(round(self.r)))
+        self.spin_r.blockSignals(False)
+        self.sld_r.blockSignals(False)
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def _on_radius_spin(self, v: float):
+        self.r = float(v)
+        self._clamp()
+        self.sld_r.blockSignals(True)
+        self.sld_r.setValue(int(round(self.r)))
+        self.sld_r.blockSignals(False)
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def _on_radius_slider(self, v: int):
+        self.r = float(v)
+        self._clamp()
+        self.spin_r.blockSignals(True)
+        self.spin_r.setValue(self.r)
+        self.spin_r.blockSignals(False)
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def _nudge(self, dx: int, dy: int):
+        step = int(self.spin_step.value())
+        self.cx += dx * step
+        self.cy += dy * step
+        self._clamp()
+        self._redraw()
+
+    # ---------- events ----------
+    def keyPressEvent(self, e):
+        key = e.key()
+        if key == Qt.Key.Key_Left:
+            self._nudge(-1, 0); return
+        if key == Qt.Key.Key_Right:
+            self._nudge(+1, 0); return
+        if key == Qt.Key.Key_Up:
+            self._nudge(0, -1); return
+        if key == Qt.Key.Key_Down:
+            self._nudge(0, +1); return
+        super().keyPressEvent(e)
+
+    def resizeEvent(self, e):
+        super().resizeEvent(e)
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def eventFilter(self, obj, ev):
+        if obj is self.preview:
+            if ev.type() == ev.Type.MouseButtonPress:
+                if ev.button() == Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton and (ev.modifiers() & Qt.KeyboardModifier.ControlModifier):
+                    self._compute_fit_transform()
+                    mx, my = float(ev.position().x()), float(ev.position().y())
+                    ix, iy = self._label_to_img(mx, my)
+                    # store drag offset so the center doesn't jump
+                    self._dragging = True
+                    self._drag_offset = (self.cx - ix, self.cy - iy)
+                    return True
+
+            if ev.type() == ev.Type.MouseMove and self._dragging:
+                self._compute_fit_transform()
+                mx, my = float(ev.position().x()), float(ev.position().y())
+                ix, iy = self._label_to_img(mx, my)
+                ox, oy = self._drag_offset
+                self.cx = ix + ox
+                self.cy = iy + oy
+                self._clamp()
+                self._redraw()
+                return True
+
+            if ev.type() == ev.Type.MouseButtonRelease and self._dragging:
+                self._dragging = False
+                return True
+
+        return super().eventFilter(obj, ev)
+
+    def get_result(self) -> tuple[float, float, float]:
+        return (float(self.cx), float(self.cy), float(self.r))
+
+class PlanetProjectionPreviewDialog(QDialog):
+    """
+    Separate preview window:
+    - Shows the latest output frame (stereo pair or wiggle frame)
+    - Provides Zoom controls: Fit / 100% / +/-.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, parent=None):
+        super().__init__(parent)
+        self.setWindowTitle("3D Projection — Preview")
+        self.setModal(False)
+        self._img_zoom = 1.0      # content zoom (1.0 = full view)
+        self._img_pan_x = 0.0     # in source pixels, relative to center
+        self._img_pan_y = 0.0
+        self._dragging = False
+        self._last_pos = None
+        self._last_left8 = None
+        self._last_right8 = None
+        self._last_swap = False
+        self._gap_px = 16
+        self._last_L8 = None
+        self._last_R8 = None
+        self._last_swap_eyes = False
+        self._last_gap_px = 16
+        self._last_frame_u8 = None
+        # content zoom is RELATIVE TO FIT (1.0 = fit)
+        self._content_zoom = 1.0
+        self._pan_x = 0.0  # pan in SOURCE PIXELS
+        self._pan_y = 0.0
+
+        self._preview_zoom = 1.0  # 1.0 = Fit, 0.0 = 1:1, else relative to Fit
+
+        self._build_ui()
+
+    def _build_ui(self):
+        outer = QVBoxLayout(self)
+        outer.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)
+        outer.setSpacing(8)
+
+        # Zoom controls (toolbtn icons like the rest of SASpro)
+        zoom_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.btn_zoom_out = themed_toolbtn("zoom-out", "Zoom Out")
+        self.btn_zoom_in  = themed_toolbtn("zoom-in", "Zoom In")
+        self.btn_zoom_100 = themed_toolbtn("zoom-original", "1:1")
+        self.btn_zoom_fit = themed_toolbtn("zoom-fit-best", "Fit")
+        self.btn_save_view = themed_toolbtn("document-save", "Save current preview view…")
+        self.btn_push = QPushButton("Push to New Document")
+
+
+
+        self.btn_save_view.clicked.connect(self._save_current_view)
+        self.btn_push.clicked.connect(self._push_to_new_document)
+        zoom_row.addStretch(1)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_out)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_fit)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_100)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_zoom_in)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_save_view)
+        zoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_push)
+        outer.addLayout(zoom_row)
+
+        self.btn_zoom_out.clicked.connect(lambda: self.set_zoom(self._preview_zoom * 0.8 if self._preview_zoom not in (0.0, 1.0) else 0.8))
+        self.btn_zoom_in.clicked.connect(lambda: self.set_zoom(self._preview_zoom * 1.25 if self._preview_zoom not in (0.0, 1.0) else 1.25))
+        self.btn_zoom_fit.clicked.connect(lambda: self.set_zoom(1.0))
+        self.btn_zoom_100.clicked.connect(lambda: self.set_zoom(0.0))
+
+        imgzoom_row = QHBoxLayout()
+        self.btn_img_reset = themed_toolbtn("edit-undo", "Reset Image Pan/Zoom")
+
+        self.sld_img_zoom = QSlider(Qt.Orientation.Horizontal, self)
+        self.sld_img_zoom.setRange(0, 200)   # 0 -> fit, +200 -> zoom in
+        self.sld_img_zoom.setValue(0)
+        self.sld_img_zoom.setToolTip("Zoom into the image content (pan with mouse drag)")
+
+        imgzoom_row.addWidget(QLabel("Image zoom:"))
+        imgzoom_row.addWidget(self.sld_img_zoom, 1)
+        imgzoom_row.addWidget(self.btn_img_reset)
+        outer.addLayout(imgzoom_row)
+
+        self.sld_img_zoom.valueChanged.connect(self._on_img_zoom_changed)
+        self.btn_img_reset.clicked.connect(self._reset_img_view)
+
+        # Preview label
+        self.preview = QLabel(self)
+        self.preview.setMinimumSize(900, 520)
+        self.preview.setAlignment(Qt.AlignmentFlag.AlignCenter)
+        self.preview.setStyleSheet("background:#111; border:1px solid #333;")
+        self.preview.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding, QSizePolicy.Policy.Expanding)
+        outer.addWidget(self.preview)
+        self.preview.setMouseTracking(True)
+        self.preview.installEventFilter(self)
+        self._last_rgb8 = None
+
+    def set_zoom(self, z: float):
+        if z < 0.05 and z != 0.0:
+            z = 0.05
+        if z > 8.0:
+            z = 8.0
+        self._preview_zoom = float(z)
+
+        # IMPORTANT: redraw whichever mode we’re in
+        if self._last_left8 is not None and self._last_right8 is not None:
+            self._redraw()  # stereo path uses _preview_zoom inside _render_stereo()
+        elif self._last_rgb8 is not None:
+            self.set_frame_u8(self._last_rgb8)
+
+    def _fit_scaled_size(self, img_w: int, img_h: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
+        pw = max(1, self.preview.width())
+        ph = max(1, self.preview.height())
+        s = min(pw / float(img_w), ph / float(img_h))
+        return int(round(img_w * s)), int(round(img_h * s))
+
+    def set_frame_u8(self, rgb8: np.ndarray):
+        self._last_rgb8 = np.asarray(rgb8)
+
+        # apply content zoom/pan by cropping to viewport size
+        disp8 = self._apply_camera_crop(self._last_rgb8)
+
+        # NEW: cache “what user is looking at” for Push-to-Doc
+        self._last_frame_u8 = np.asarray(disp8)
+
+        # --- sanitize for QImage ---
+        disp8 = np.asarray(disp8, dtype=np.uint8)
+        if disp8.ndim == 2:
+            disp8 = np.stack([disp8, disp8, disp8], axis=2)
+        if disp8.shape[2] > 3:
+            disp8 = disp8[..., :3]
+        if not disp8.flags["C_CONTIGUOUS"]:
+            disp8 = np.ascontiguousarray(disp8)
+
+        # IMPORTANT: keep buffer alive on self for as long as pixmap uses it
+        self._qimg_buf = disp8
+
+        h, w = disp8.shape[:2]
+        bytes_per_line = int(disp8.strides[0])
+
+        ptr = sip.voidptr(disp8.ctypes.data)
+        qimg = QImage(ptr, w, h, bytes_per_line, QImage.Format.Format_RGB888)
+        base = QPixmap.fromImage(qimg)
+
+        # NOTE: from this point onward, use disp8 dimensions (not rgb8)
+        if self._preview_zoom == 1.0:
+            self.preview.setPixmap(base)  # already fit-with-aspect (letterboxed by QLabel alignment)
+            return
+
+        if self._preview_zoom == 0.0:
+            self.preview.setPixmap(base)
+            return
+
+        fit_w, fit_h = self._fit_scaled_size(w, h)
+        target_w = max(1, int(round(fit_w * self._preview_zoom)))
+        target_h = max(1, int(round(fit_h * self._preview_zoom)))
+
+        pix = base.scaled(
+            QSize(target_w, target_h),
+            Qt.AspectRatioMode.KeepAspectRatio,
+            Qt.TransformationMode.SmoothTransformation,
+        )
+        self.preview.setPixmap(pix)
+
+    def set_stereo_u8(self, left8: np.ndarray, right8: np.ndarray, *, swap_eyes: bool, gap_px: int = 16):
+        self._last_left8 = np.asarray(left8)
+        self._last_right8 = np.asarray(right8)
+        self._last_swap = bool(swap_eyes)
+        self._gap_px = int(max(0, gap_px))
+
+        # keep save-view path in sync
+        self._last_L8 = self._last_left8
+        self._last_R8 = self._last_right8
+        self._last_swap_eyes = self._last_swap
+        self._last_gap_px = self._gap_px
+
+        self._clamp_pan()
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def _redraw(self):
+        if self._last_left8 is None or self._last_right8 is None:
+            # fallback: if you still use set_frame_u8 for non-stereo cases
+            if getattr(self, "_last_rgb8", None) is not None:
+                self.set_frame_u8(self._last_rgb8)
+            return
+        self._render_stereo()
+
+    def _render_stereo(self):
+        L = self._ensure_rgb8(self._last_left8)
+        R = self._ensure_rgb8(self._last_right8)
+
+        Hs, Ws = L.shape[:2]
+
+        pw = max(8, self.preview.width())
+        ph = max(8, self.preview.height())
+        gap = int(self._gap_px)
+
+        view_w = max(8, (pw - gap) // 2)
+        view_h = max(8, ph)
+
+        # --- NEW: fit-rect INSIDE each eye viewport (letterbox/pillarbox) ---
+        rx, ry, rw, rh = self._fit_rect(view_w, view_h, Ws, Hs)
+        rw = max(8, rw); rh = max(8, rh)
+
+        # cache the actual displayed rect for pan math (drag + clamp)
+        self._eye_fit_rect = (rx, ry, rw, rh, view_w, view_h)
+
+        # render each eye ONLY into rw x rh (aspect-safe), then paste into a black canvas
+        Limg = self._crop_and_scale(L, rw, rh)
+        Rimg = self._crop_and_scale(R, rw, rh)
+
+        if self._last_swap:
+            Limg, Rimg = Rimg, Limg
+
+        Lcan = np.zeros((view_h, view_w, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+        Rcan = np.zeros((view_h, view_w, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+        Lcan[ry:ry+rh, rx:rx+rw] = Limg
+        Rcan[ry:ry+rh, rx:rx+rw] = Rimg
+
+        canvas_w = view_w + gap + view_w
+        canvas = np.zeros((view_h, canvas_w, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+        canvas[:, 0:view_w] = Lcan
+        canvas[:, view_w:view_w + gap] = 0
+        canvas[:, view_w + gap:view_w + gap + view_w] = Rcan
+        self._last_frame_u8 = canvas
+
+        self._qimg_buf = canvas
+        h, w = canvas.shape[:2]
+        ptr = sip.voidptr(canvas.ctypes.data)
+        qimg = QImage(ptr, w, h, int(canvas.strides[0]), QImage.Format.Format_RGB888)
+        base = QPixmap.fromImage(qimg)
+
+        # preview zoom (same as before)
+        if self._preview_zoom == 1.0:
+            pix = base.scaled(self.preview.size(), Qt.AspectRatioMode.KeepAspectRatio,
+                            Qt.TransformationMode.SmoothTransformation)
+            self.preview.setPixmap(pix)
+            return
+        if self._preview_zoom == 0.0:
+            self.preview.setPixmap(base)
+            return
+
+        fit_w, fit_h = self._fit_scaled_size(w, h)
+        target_w = max(1, int(round(fit_w * self._preview_zoom)))
+        target_h = max(1, int(round(fit_h * self._preview_zoom)))
+        pix = base.scaled(QSize(target_w, target_h), Qt.AspectRatioMode.KeepAspectRatio,
+                        Qt.TransformationMode.SmoothTransformation)
+        self.preview.setPixmap(pix)
+
+
+    def _ensure_rgb8(self, img: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        x = np.asarray(img)
+        if x.ndim == 2:
+            x = np.stack([x, x, x], axis=2)
+        if x.shape[2] > 3:
+            x = x[..., :3]
+        if x.dtype != np.uint8:
+            x = np.clip(x, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+        if not x.flags["C_CONTIGUOUS"]:
+            x = np.ascontiguousarray(x)
+        return x
+
+    def _crop_and_scale(self, src: np.ndarray, out_w: int, out_h: int) -> np.ndarray:
+        # content zoom is RELATIVE TO FIT
+        H, W = src.shape[:2]
+
+        # fit scale into per-eye viewport
+        s_fit = min(out_w / float(W), out_h / float(H))
+        s_fit = max(1e-9, float(s_fit))
+
+        z = float(max(1e-6, self._content_zoom))
+
+        # visible window in SOURCE pixels:
+        win_w = int(round(out_w / (s_fit * z)))
+        win_h = int(round(out_h / (s_fit * z)))
+        win_w = max(8, min(W, win_w))
+        win_h = max(8, min(H, win_h))
+
+        cx = (W - 1) * 0.5 + float(self._pan_x)
+        cy = (H - 1) * 0.5 + float(self._pan_y)
+
+        x0 = int(round(cx - 0.5 * win_w))
+        y0 = int(round(cy - 0.5 * win_h))
+        x0 = max(0, min(W - win_w, x0))
+        y0 = max(0, min(H - win_h, y0))
+
+        crop = src[y0:y0 + win_h, x0:x0 + win_w]
+
+        if crop.shape[1] != out_w or crop.shape[0] != out_h:
+            crop = cv2.resize(crop, (out_w, out_h), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
+
+        return crop
+
+    def _clamp_pan(self):
+        if self._last_left8 is None:
+            return
+
+        src = self._ensure_rgb8(self._last_left8)
+        H, W = src.shape[:2]
+
+        pw = max(8, self.preview.width())
+        ph = max(8, self.preview.height())
+        gap = int(self._gap_px)
+        view_w = max(8, (pw - gap) // 2)
+        view_h = max(8, ph)
+
+        # use the SAME fit rect used for drawing
+        rx, ry, rw, rh = self._fit_rect(view_w, view_h, W, H)
+        rw = max(8, rw); rh = max(8, rh)
+
+        s_fit = min(rw / float(W), rh / float(H))
+        s_fit = max(1e-9, float(s_fit))
+        z = float(max(1e-6, self._content_zoom))
+
+        win_w = int(round(rw / (s_fit * z)))
+        win_h = int(round(rh / (s_fit * z)))
+
+        max_pan_x = max(0.0, (W - win_w) * 0.5)
+        max_pan_y = max(0.0, (H - win_h) * 0.5)
+
+        self._pan_x = float(np.clip(self._pan_x, -max_pan_x, +max_pan_x))
+        self._pan_y = float(np.clip(self._pan_y, -max_pan_y, +max_pan_y))
+
+
+    def resizeEvent(self, e):
+        super().resizeEvent(e)
+
+        # Clamp whichever pan system you’re using
+        self._clamp_pan()
+        self._clamp_img_view()
+
+        # Redraw correct mode
+        if self._last_left8 is not None and self._last_right8 is not None:
+            self._redraw()
+        elif self._last_rgb8 is not None:
+            self.set_frame_u8(self._last_rgb8)
+
+
+    def _on_img_zoom_changed(self, v: int):
+        # 0 -> 1.0 (fit), +50 -> 2.0, +100 -> 4.0
+        # negative values zoom OUT from fit: -50 -> 0.5, -100 -> 0.25
+        self._content_zoom = float(2.0 ** (v / 50.0))
+        self._clamp_pan()
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def _reset_img_view(self):
+        self._content_zoom = 1.0
+        self._pan_x = 0.0
+        self._pan_y = 0.0
+        self.sld_img_zoom.blockSignals(True)
+        self.sld_img_zoom.setValue(0)
+        self.sld_img_zoom.blockSignals(False)
+        self._redraw()
+
+    def _clamp_img_view(self):
+        if self._last_rgb8 is None:
+            return
+        img = self._last_rgb8
+        H, W = img.shape[:2]
+        z = float(max(1e-6, self._img_zoom))
+
+        # viewport size in *label* pixels (content crop target)
+        vw = max(8, self.preview.width())
+        vh = max(8, self.preview.height())
+
+        # crop window size in source pixels
+        win_w = int(round(vw / z))
+        win_h = int(round(vh / z))
+        win_w = max(8, min(W, win_w))
+        win_h = max(8, min(H, win_h))
+
+        max_pan_x = max(0.0, (W - win_w) * 0.5)
+        max_pan_y = max(0.0, (H - win_h) * 0.5)
+
+        self._img_pan_x = float(np.clip(self._img_pan_x, -max_pan_x, +max_pan_x))
+        self._img_pan_y = float(np.clip(self._img_pan_y, -max_pan_y, +max_pan_y))
+
+    def _fit_rect(self, view_w: int, view_h: int, img_w: int, img_h: int) -> tuple[int,int,int,int]:
+        """Return (x,y,w,h) of the largest rect inside view that matches img aspect."""
+        if img_w <= 0 or img_h <= 0:
+            return (0, 0, view_w, view_h)
+        s = min(view_w / float(img_w), view_h / float(img_h))
+        w = max(1, int(round(img_w * s)))
+        h = max(1, int(round(img_h * s)))
+        x = (view_w - w) // 2
+        y = (view_h - h) // 2
+        return (x, y, w, h)
+
+    def _crop_to_aspect(self, W: int, H: int, target_aspect: float) -> tuple[int,int]:
+        """Return (win_w, win_h) clamped to image bounds with exact target aspect."""
+        win_w = W
+        win_h = int(round(win_w / target_aspect))
+        if win_h > H:
+            win_h = H
+            win_w = int(round(win_h * target_aspect))
+        win_w = max(8, min(W, win_w))
+        win_h = max(8, min(H, win_h))
+        return win_w, win_h
+
+
+    def _apply_camera_crop(self, rgb8: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
+        img = np.asarray(rgb8)
+        H, W = img.shape[:2]
+
+        vw = max(8, self.preview.width())
+        vh = max(8, self.preview.height())
+
+        # IMPORTANT: we fit INSIDE the label, preserving image aspect (letterbox)
+        _, _, out_w, out_h = self._fit_rect(vw, vh, W, H)
+        out_w = max(8, out_w)
+        out_h = max(8, out_h)
+
+        a = out_w / float(out_h)  # target aspect matches IMAGE aspect, not label’s
+
+        z = float(max(1e-6, self._img_zoom))
+
+        # aspect-correct window size in source pixels, driven by zoom
+        win_w = int(round(W / z))
+        win_h = int(round(win_w / a))
+        if win_h > H:
+            win_h = int(round(H / z))
+            win_w = int(round(win_h * a))
+
+        win_w, win_h = self._crop_to_aspect(W, H, a)
+
+        cx = (W - 1) * 0.5 + float(self._img_pan_x)
+        cy = (H - 1) * 0.5 + float(self._img_pan_y)
+
+        x0 = int(round(cx - win_w * 0.5))
+        y0 = int(round(cy - win_h * 0.5))
+        x0 = max(0, min(W - win_w, x0))
+        y0 = max(0, min(H - win_h, y0))
+
+        crop = img[y0:y0 + win_h, x0:x0 + win_w]
+
+        # scale to out_w/out_h (aspect matched => no warp)
+        if crop.shape[1] != out_w or crop.shape[0] != out_h:
+            crop = cv2.resize(crop, (out_w, out_h), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
+        return crop
+
+    def eventFilter(self, obj, ev):
+        if obj is self.preview:
+            if ev.type() == ev.Type.MouseButtonPress and ev.button() == Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton:
+                self._dragging = True
+                self._last_pos = ev.position().toPoint()
+                return True
+
+            if ev.type() == ev.Type.MouseMove and self._dragging:
+                p = ev.position().toPoint()
+                d = p - self._last_pos
+                self._last_pos = p
+
+                # compute s_fit for current viewport
+                if self._last_left8 is not None:
+                    src = self._ensure_rgb8(self._last_left8)
+                    H, W = src.shape[:2]
+
+                    pw = max(8, self.preview.width())
+                    ph = max(8, self.preview.height())
+                    view_w = max(8, (pw - int(self._gap_px)) // 2)
+                    view_h = ph
+
+                    rx, ry, rw, rh = self._fit_rect(view_w, view_h, W, H)
+                    rw = max(8, rw); rh = max(8, rh)
+                    s_fit = min(rw / float(W), rh / float(H))
+                    s_fit = max(1e-9, float(s_fit))
+
+                    z = float(max(1e-6, self._content_zoom))
+                    scale = s_fit * z  # view_px per source_px
+
+                    # drag right should move content right (so we pan LEFT in source coords)
+                    self._pan_x -= float(d.x()) / scale
+                    self._pan_y -= float(d.y()) / scale
+
+                    self._clamp_pan()
+                    self._redraw()
+                return True
+
+            if ev.type() == ev.Type.MouseButtonRelease and ev.button() == Qt.MouseButton.LeftButton:
+                self._dragging = False
+                self._last_pos = None
+                return True
+
+            if ev.type() == ev.Type.Wheel:
+                # wheel zoom: update slider (keeps everything synced)
+                delta = ev.angleDelta().y()
+                step = 6 if delta > 0 else -6
+                v = int(self.sld_img_zoom.value()) + step
+                v = max(self.sld_img_zoom.minimum(), min(self.sld_img_zoom.maximum(), v))
+                self.sld_img_zoom.setValue(v)
+                return True
+
+        return super().eventFilter(obj, ev)
+    
+    def _get_current_view_canvas_u8(self) -> np.ndarray | None:
+        """
+        Return exactly what the preview is displaying as an RGB uint8 canvas:
+        [left_view | gap | right_view], including linked pan/zoom and preview scaling.
+        """
+        if self._last_L8 is None or self._last_R8 is None:
+            return None
+
+        L = np.asarray(self._last_L8)
+        R = np.asarray(self._last_R8)
+
+        # sanitize
+        def _to_rgb_u8(x):
+            x = np.asarray(x)
+            if x.dtype != np.uint8:
+                x = np.clip(x, 0, 255).astype(np.uint8)
+            if x.ndim == 2:
+                x = np.stack([x, x, x], axis=2)
+            if x.shape[2] > 3:
+                x = x[..., :3]
+            if not x.flags["C_CONTIGUOUS"]:
+                x = np.ascontiguousarray(x)
+            return x
+
+        L = _to_rgb_u8(L)
+        R = _to_rgb_u8(R)
+
+        if self._last_swap_eyes:
+            L, R = R, L
+
+        gap = int(max(0, self._last_gap_px))
+
+        # --- per-eye viewport size in label pixels ---
+        pw = max(8, self.preview.width())
+        ph = max(8, self.preview.height())
+
+        # reserve gap inside the label width
+        view_w = max(8, (pw - gap) // 2)
+        view_h = max(8, ph)
+
+        # --- crop+scale each eye independently to its viewport ---
+        Lview = self._crop_and_scale(L, view_w, view_h)
+        Rview = self._crop_and_scale(R, view_w, view_h)
+
+        # compose L|gap|R at label resolution
+        canvas = np.zeros((view_h, view_w + gap + view_w, 3), dtype=np.uint8)
+        canvas[:, :view_w] = Lview
+        canvas[:, view_w + gap:view_w + gap + view_w] = Rview
+
+        # --- now apply the existing "preview zoom" (fit/100%/relative-to-fit)
+        # Fit is already "canvas == label size", so:
+        if self._preview_zoom == 1.0:
+            return canvas
+
+        if self._preview_zoom == 0.0:
+            # 1:1 means: no scaling beyond current composed pixels
+            return canvas
+
+        # relative-to-fit scaling
+        target_w = max(8, int(round(canvas.shape[1] * float(self._preview_zoom))))
+        target_h = max(8, int(round(canvas.shape[0] * float(self._preview_zoom))))
+        canvas = cv2.resize(canvas, (target_w, target_h), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
+        return canvas
+
+    def _apply_camera_crop_to_viewport(self, rgb8: np.ndarray, view_w: int, view_h: int) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Apply linked pan/zoom (_img_zoom/_img_pan_x/_img_pan_y) to ONE eye image,
+        producing exactly (view_h, view_w, 3) uint8.
+        """
+        img = np.asarray(rgb8)
+        H, W = img.shape[:2]
+
+        z = float(max(1e-6, self._img_zoom))
+
+        win_w = int(round(view_w / z))
+        win_h = int(round(view_h / z))
+        win_w = max(8, min(W, win_w))
+        win_h = max(8, min(H, win_h))
+
+        cx = (W - 1) * 0.5 + float(self._img_pan_x)
+        cy = (H - 1) * 0.5 + float(self._img_pan_y)
+
+        x0 = int(round(cx - win_w * 0.5))
+        y0 = int(round(cy - win_h * 0.5))
+
+        x0 = max(0, min(W - win_w, x0))
+        y0 = max(0, min(H - win_h, y0))
+
+        crop = img[y0:y0 + win_h, x0:x0 + win_w]
+
+        if crop.shape[1] != view_w or crop.shape[0] != view_h:
+            crop = cv2.resize(crop, (view_w, view_h), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR)
+
+        return crop
+
+    def _save_current_view(self):
+        canvas = self._get_current_view_canvas_u8()
+        if canvas is None:
+            QMessageBox.information(self, "Save View", "No preview image to save yet.")
+            return
+
+        fn, filt = QFileDialog.getSaveFileName(
+            self,
+            "Save Preview View",
+            "",
+            "PNG (*.png);;JPEG (*.jpg *.jpeg)"
+        )
+        if not fn:
+            return
+
+        ext = os.path.splitext(fn)[1].lower()
+        if ext == "":
+            fn += ".png"
+            ext = ".png"
+
+        try:
+            from PIL import Image
+            im = Image.fromarray(canvas, mode="RGB")
+            if ext in (".jpg", ".jpeg"):
+                im.save(fn, quality=95, subsampling=0)
+            else:
+                im.save(fn)
+        except Exception as e:
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Save View", f"Failed to save:\n{e}")
+
+    def _find_main_window(self):
+        w = self
+        from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication
+        while w is not None and not isinstance(w, QMainWindow):
+            w = w.parentWidget()
+        if w:
+            return w
+        for tlw in QApplication.topLevelWidgets():
+            if isinstance(tlw, QMainWindow):
+                return tlw
+        return None
+
+
+    def _push_to_new_document(self):
+        img_u8 = None
+
+        # Prefer exact displayed canvas for stereo
+        if self._last_L8 is not None and self._last_R8 is not None:
+            img_u8 = self._get_current_view_canvas_u8()
+        else:
+            img_u8 = getattr(self, "_last_frame_u8", None)
+
+        if img_u8 is None:
+            QMessageBox.warning(self, "Push to New Document", "Nothing to push yet.")
+            return
+
+        # Convert to float32 [0..1] for SASpro docs (matches your other tools)
+
+        arr = np.asarray(img_u8)
+        if arr.ndim == 2:
+            arr01 = arr.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+            meta = {"is_mono": True, "bit_depth": "8-bit"}
+        else:
+            if arr.shape[2] > 3:
+                arr = arr[..., :3]
+            arr01 = arr.astype(np.float32) / 255.0
+            meta = {"is_mono": False, "bit_depth": "8-bit"}
+
+        mw = self._find_main_window()
+        dm = getattr(mw, "docman", None) if mw else None
+        if not mw or not dm:
+            from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QMessageBox
+            QMessageBox.critical(self, "Push to New Document", "Main window or DocManager not available.")
+            return
+
+        title = "Planet Projection Preview"
+        try:
+            if hasattr(dm, "open_array"):
+                doc = dm.open_array(arr01, metadata=meta, title=title)
+            elif hasattr(dm, "create_document"):
+                doc = dm.create_document(image=arr01, metadata=meta, name=title)
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError("DocManager lacks open_array/create_document")
+
+            # Spawn a view (same pattern as NBtoRGBStars)
+            if hasattr(mw, "_spawn_subwindow_for"):
+                mw._spawn_subwindow_for(doc)
+            else:
+                from setiastro.saspro.subwindow import ImageSubWindow
+                sw = ImageSubWindow(doc, parent=mw)
+                sw.setWindowTitle(title)
+                sw.show()
+
+        except Exception as e:
+            from PyQt6.QtWidgets import QMessageBox
+            QMessageBox.critical(self, "Push to New Document", f"Failed to open new view:\n{e}")