semantic-link-labs 0.11.2__py3-none-any.whl → 0.12.0__py3-none-any.whl

sempy_labs/_labels.py

@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+import sempy.fabric as fabric
+import requests
+import pandas as pd
+from typing import Optional, Union
+from uuid import UUID
+from sempy.fabric.exceptions import FabricHTTPException
+from sempy._utils._log import log
+
+
+@log
+def list_item_labels(workspace: Optional[Union[str, UUID]] = None) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """
+    List all items within a workspace and shows their sensitivity labels.
+
+    NOTE: This function uses an internal API and is subject to change/break without notice.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    workspace : str | uuid.UUID, default=None
+        The Fabric workspace name or ID.
+        Defaults to None which resolves to the workspace of the attached lakehouse
+        or if no lakehouse attached, resolves to the workspace of the notebook.
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pandas.DataFrame
+        A pandas dataframe showing a list of all items within a workspace and their sensitivity labels.
+    """
+
+    import notebookutils
+
+    token = notebookutils.credentials.getToken("pbi")
+    headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"}
+
+    # Item types handled in special payload fields
+    grouped_types = {
+        "dashboards": "Dashboard",
+        "reports": "Report",
+        "models": "SemanticModel",
+        "dataflows": "Dataflow",
+        "datamarts": "Datamart",
+    }
+
+    # All other item types go into 'artifacts'
+    fabric_items = [
+        "Datamart",
+        "Lakehouse",
+        "Eventhouse",
+        "Environment",
+        "KQLDatabase",
+        "KQLQueryset",
+        "KQLDashboard",
+        "DataPipeline",
+        "Notebook",
+        "SparkJobDefinition",
+        "MLExperiment",
+        "MLModel",
+        "Warehouse",
+        "Eventstream",
+        "SQLEndpoint",
+        "MirroredWarehouse",
+        "MirroredDatabase",
+        "Reflex",
+        "GraphQLApi",
+        "MountedDataFactory",
+        "SQLDatabase",
+        "CopyJob",
+        "VariableLibrary",
+        "Dataflow",
+        "ApacheAirflowJob",
+        "WarehouseSnapshot",
+        "DigitalTwinBuilder",
+        "DigitalTwinBuilderFlow",
+        "MirroredAzureDatabricksCatalog",
+        "DataAgent",
+        "UserDataFunction",
+    ]
+
+    dfI = fabric.list_items(workspace=workspace)
+
+    payload = {
+        key: [{"artifactId": i} for i in dfI[dfI["Type"] == value]["Id"].tolist()]
+        for key, value in grouped_types.items()
+    }
+
+    # Add generic artifact types
+    artifact_ids = dfI[dfI["Type"].isin(fabric_items)]["Id"].tolist()
+    if artifact_ids:
+        payload["artifacts"] = [{"artifactId": i} for i in artifact_ids]
+
+    client = fabric.PowerBIRestClient()
+    response = client.get("/v1.0/myorg/capacities")
+    if response.status_code != 200:
+        raise FabricHTTPException("Failed to retrieve URL prefix.")
+    context = response.json().get("@odata.context")
+    prefix = context.split("/v1.0")[0]
+
+    response = requests.post(
+        f"{prefix}/metadata/informationProtection/artifacts",
+        json=payload,
+        headers=headers,
+    )
+    if response.status_code != 200:
+        raise FabricHTTPException(f"Failed to retrieve labels: {response.text}")
+    result = response.json()
+
+    label_keys = [
+        "artifactInformationProtections",
+        "datasetInformationProtections",
+        "reportInformationProtections",
+        "dashboardInformationProtections",
+    ]
+
+    rows = [
+        {
+            "Id": item.get("artifactObjectId"),
+            "Label Id": item.get("labelId"),
+            "Label Name": item.get("name"),
+            "Parent Label Name": item.get("parent", {}).get("name"),
+            "Label Description": item.get("tooltip"),
+        }
+        for key in label_keys
+        for item in result.get(key, [])
+    ]
+
+    df_labels = pd.DataFrame(rows)
+    return dfI.merge(df_labels, on="Id", how="left")

sempy_labs/_list_functions.py

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import sempy.fabric as fabric
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_name_and_id,
     create_relationship_name,
     format_dax_object_name,
@@ -1131,7 +1131,7 @@ def list_reports_using_semantic_model(
     dataset: str | UUID, workspace: Optional[str | UUID] = None
 ) -> pd.DataFrame:
     """
-    Shows a list of all the reports (in all workspaces) which use a given semantic model.
+    Shows a list of all the reports which use a given semantic model. This is limited to the reports which are in the same workspace as the semantic model.
 
     Parameters
     ----------

sempy_labs/_managed_private_endpoints.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import pandas as pd
 import sempy_labs._icons as icons
 from typing import Optional
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_name_and_id,
     _is_valid_uuid,
     _base_api,

sempy_labs/_mirrored_databases.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import pandas as pd
 from typing import Optional
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_name_and_id,
     _update_dataframe_datatypes,
     _base_api,
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from ._helper_functions import (
     _create_dataframe,
     delete_item,
     create_item,
-    get_item_definition,
+    _get_item_definition,
     resolve_workspace_id,
 )
 import sempy_labs._icons as icons
@@ -91,6 +91,8 @@ def create_mirrored_database(
 
     This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Items - Create Mirrored Database <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/mirroreddatabase/items/create-mirrored-database>`_.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     name: str
@@ -117,6 +119,8 @@ def delete_mirrored_database(
 
     This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Items - Delete Mirrored Database <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/mirroreddatabase/items/delete-mirrored-database>`_.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     mirrored_database: str
@@ -139,6 +143,8 @@ def get_mirroring_status(
 
     This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Mirroring - Get Mirroring Status <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/mirroreddatabase/mirroring/get-mirroring-status>`_.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     mirrored_database: str | uuid.UUID
@@ -154,13 +160,14 @@ def get_mirroring_status(
         The status of a mirrored database.
     """
 
-    (workspace_name, workspace_id) = resolve_workspace_name_and_id(workspace)
+    workspace_id = resolve_workspace_id(workspace)
     item_id = resolve_item_id(
         item=mirrored_database, type="MirroredDatabase", workspace=workspace
     )
     response = _base_api(
         request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/mirroredDatabases/{item_id}/getMirroringStatus",
         status_codes=200,
+        client="fabric_sp",
     )
 
     return response.json().get("status", {})
@@ -175,6 +182,8 @@ def get_tables_mirroring_status(
 
     This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Mirroring - Get Tables Mirroring Status <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/mirroreddatabase/mirroring/get-tables-mirroring-status>`_.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     mirrored_database: str | uuid.UUID
@@ -190,7 +199,7 @@ def get_tables_mirroring_status(
         A pandas dataframe showing the mirroring status of the tables.
     """
 
-    (workspace_name, workspace_id) = resolve_workspace_name_and_id(workspace)
+    workspace_id = resolve_workspace_id(workspace)
     item_id = resolve_item_id(
         item=mirrored_database, type="MirroredDatabase", workspace=workspace
     )
@@ -199,6 +208,7 @@ def get_tables_mirroring_status(
         method="post",
         status_codes=200,
         uses_pagination=True,
+        client="fabric_sp",
     )
 
     columns = {
@@ -211,21 +221,24 @@ def get_tables_mirroring_status(
     }
     df = _create_dataframe(columns=columns)
 
+    rows = []
     for r in responses:
         for v in r.get("data", []):
             m = v.get("metrics", {})
-            new_data = {
-                "Source Schema Name": v.get("sourceSchemaName"),
-                "Source Table Name": v.get("sourceTableName"),
-                "Status": v.get("status"),
-                "Processed Bytes": m.get("processedBytes"),
-                "Processed Rows": m.get("processedRows"),
-                "Last Sync Date": m.get("lastSyncDateTime"),
-            }
-
-            df = pd.concat([df, pd.DataFrame(new_data, index=[0])], ignore_index=True)
+            rows.append(
+                {
+                    "Source Schema Name": v.get("sourceSchemaName"),
+                    "Source Table Name": v.get("sourceTableName"),
+                    "Status": v.get("status"),
+                    "Processed Bytes": m.get("processedBytes"),
+                    "Processed Rows": m.get("processedRows"),
+                    "Last Sync Date": m.get("lastSyncDateTime"),
+                }
+            )
 
-    _update_dataframe_datatypes(dataframe=df, column_map=columns)
+    if rows:
+        df = pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=list(columns.keys()))
+        _update_dataframe_datatypes(dataframe=df, column_map=columns)
 
     return df
 
@@ -239,6 +252,8 @@ def start_mirroring(
 
     This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Mirroring - Start Mirroring <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/mirroreddatabase/mirroring/start-mirroring>`_.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     mirrored_database: str | uuid.UUID
@@ -257,6 +272,7 @@ def start_mirroring(
         request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/mirroredDatabases/{item_id}/startMirroring",
         method="post",
         status_codes=200,
+        client="fabric_sp",
     )
 
     print(
@@ -273,6 +289,8 @@ def stop_mirroring(
 
     This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Mirroring - Stop Mirroring <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/mirroreddatabase/mirroring/stop-mirroring>`_.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     mirrored_database: str | uuid.UUID
@@ -291,6 +309,7 @@ def stop_mirroring(
         request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/mirroredDatabases/{item_id}/stopMirroring",
         method="post",
         status_codes=200,
+        client="fabric_sp",
     )
 
     print(
@@ -309,6 +328,8 @@ def get_mirrored_database_definition(
 
     This is a wrapper function for the following API: `Items - Get Mirrored Database Definition <https://learn.microsoft.com/rest/api/fabric/mirroreddatabase/items/get-mirrored-database-definition>`_.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     mirrored_database : str | uuid.UUID
@@ -327,7 +348,7 @@ def get_mirrored_database_definition(
         The mirrored database definition.
     """
 
-    return get_item_definition(
+    return _get_item_definition(
         item=mirrored_database,
         type="MirroredDatabase",
         workspace=workspace,
@@ -345,6 +366,8 @@ def update_mirrored_database_definition(
     """
     Updates an existing notebook with a new definition.
 
+    Service Principal Authentication is supported (see `here <https://github.com/microsoft/semantic-link-labs/blob/main/notebooks/Service%20Principal.ipynb>`_ for examples).
+
     Parameters
     ----------
     mirrored_database : str | uuid.UUID
@@ -383,6 +406,7 @@ def update_mirrored_database_definition(
         json=request_body,
         status_codes=None,
         lro_return_status_code=True,
+        client="fabric_sp",
     )
 
     print(

sempy_labs/_mirrored_warehouses.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import pandas as pd
 from typing import Optional
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_id,
     _base_api,
     _create_dataframe,

sempy_labs/_ml_experiments.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import pandas as pd
 from typing import Optional
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_id,
     _base_api,
     delete_item,

sempy_labs/_model_bpa.py

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import pandas as pd
 import warnings
 import datetime
 from IPython.display import display, HTML
-from ._model_dependencies import get_model_calc_dependencies
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._model_dependencies import get_model_calc_dependencies
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     format_dax_object_name,
     create_relationship_name,
     save_as_delta_table,
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ from ._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_name_and_id,
     _create_spark_session,
 )
-from .lakehouse import get_lakehouse_tables, lakehouse_attached
-from .tom import connect_semantic_model
-from ._model_bpa_rules import model_bpa_rules
+from sempy_labs.lakehouse import get_lakehouse_tables, lakehouse_attached
+from sempy_labs.tom import connect_semantic_model
+from sempy_labs._model_bpa_rules import model_bpa_rules
 from typing import Optional
 from sempy._utils._log import log
 import sempy_labs._icons as icons
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ def run_model_bpa(
         lakeT = get_lakehouse_tables()
         lakeT_filt = lakeT[lakeT["Table Name"] == delta_table_name]
 
-        dfExport["Severity"].replace(icons.severity_mapping, inplace=True)
+        dfExport["Severity"] = dfExport["Severity"].replace(icons.severity_mapping)
 
         if len(lakeT_filt) == 0:
             runId = 1

sempy_labs/_model_bpa_bulk.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import sempy.fabric as fabric
 import pandas as pd
 import datetime
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     save_as_delta_table,
     resolve_workspace_capacity,
     retry,
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@ from ._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_id,
     resolve_lakehouse_name_and_id,
 )
-from .lakehouse import (
+from sempy_labs.lakehouse import (
     get_lakehouse_tables,
     lakehouse_attached,
 )
-from ._model_bpa import run_model_bpa
+from sempy_labs._model_bpa import run_model_bpa
 from typing import Optional, List
 from sempy._utils._log import log
 import sempy_labs._icons as icons

sempy_labs/_model_dependencies.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sempy.fabric as fabric
 import pandas as pd
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     format_dax_object_name,
     resolve_dataset_name_and_id,
     resolve_workspace_name_and_id,

sempy_labs/_mounted_data_factories.py

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import pandas as pd
 from typing import Optional
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_id,
     _base_api,
     _create_dataframe,
     _update_dataframe_datatypes,
-    get_item_definition,
+    _get_item_definition,
     delete_item,
 )
 
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def get_mounted_data_factory_definition(
         The 'mountedDataFactory-content.json' file from the mounted data factory definition.
     """
 
-    return get_item_definition(
+    return _get_item_definition(
         item=mounted_data_factory,
         type="MountedDataFactory",
         workspace=workspace,

sempy_labs/_notebooks.py

@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
 import sempy.fabric as fabric
 import pandas as pd
 import sempy_labs._icons as icons
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, List
 import base64
 import requests
 from sempy._utils._log import log
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_name_and_id,
     resolve_workspace_id,
     _decode_b64,
     _base_api,
     resolve_item_id,
     create_item,
+    _create_dataframe,
 )
 from sempy.fabric.exceptions import FabricHTTPException
-import os
+from os import PathLike
 from uuid import UUID
+import os
 
 _notebook_prefix = "notebook-content."
 
@@ -114,6 +116,7 @@ def import_notebook_from_web(
     description: Optional[str] = None,
     workspace: Optional[str | UUID] = None,
     overwrite: bool = False,
+    folder: Optional[str | PathLike] = None,
 ):
     """
     Creates a new notebook within a workspace based on a Jupyter notebook hosted in the web.
@@ -136,6 +139,9 @@ def import_notebook_from_web(
         or if no lakehouse attached, resolves to the workspace of the notebook.
     overwrite : bool, default=False
         If set to True, overwrites the existing notebook in the workspace if it exists.
+    folder : str | os.PathLike, default=None
+        The folder within the workspace where the notebook will be created.
+        Defaults to None which places the notebook in the root of the workspace.
     """
 
     (workspace_name, workspace_id) = resolve_workspace_name_and_id(workspace)
@@ -161,6 +167,7 @@ def import_notebook_from_web(
             workspace=workspace_id,
             description=description,
             format="ipynb",
+            folder=folder,
         )
     elif len(dfI_filt) > 0 and overwrite:
         print(f"{icons.info} Overwrite of notebooks is currently not supported.")
@@ -181,6 +188,7 @@ def create_notebook(
     description: Optional[str] = None,
     workspace: Optional[str | UUID] = None,
     format: Optional[str] = None,
+    folder: Optional[str | PathLike] = None,
 ):
     """
     Creates a new notebook with a definition within a workspace.
@@ -203,6 +211,9 @@ def create_notebook(
     format : str, default=None
         If 'ipynb' is provided than notebook_content should be standard ipynb format
         otherwise notebook_content should be GIT friendly format
+    folder : str | os.PathLike, default=None
+        The folder within the workspace where the notebook will be created.
+        Defaults to None which places the notebook in the root of the workspace.
     """
 
     notebook_payload = base64.b64encode(notebook_content).decode("utf-8")
@@ -226,6 +237,7 @@ def create_notebook(
         workspace=workspace,
         description=description,
         definition=definition_payload,
+        folder=folder,
     )
 
 
@@ -287,3 +299,141 @@ def update_notebook_definition(
     print(
         f"{icons.green_dot} The '{name}' notebook was updated within the '{workspace_name}' workspace."
     )
+
+
+@log
+def list_notebooks(workspace: Optional[str | UUID] = None) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """
+    Shows the notebooks within a workspace.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    workspace : str | uuid.UUID, default=None
+        The Fabric workspace name or ID.
+        Defaults to None which resolves to the workspace of the attached lakehouse
+        or if no lakehouse attached, resolves to the workspace of the notebook.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pandas.DataFrame
+        A pandas dataframe showing the notebooks within a workspace.
+    """
+
+    columns = {
+        "Notebook Id": "string",
+        "Notebook Name": "string",
+        "Description": "string",
+    }
+    df = _create_dataframe(columns=columns)
+
+    workspace_id = resolve_workspace_id(workspace)
+
+    responses = _base_api(
+        request=f"/v1/workspaces/{workspace_id}/notebooks", uses_pagination=True
+    )
+
+    rows = []
+    for r in responses:
+        for v in r.get("value", []):
+            rows.append(
+                {
+                    "Notebook Id": v.get("id"),
+                    "Notebook Name": v.get("displayName"),
+                    "Description": v.get("description"),
+                }
+            )
+
+    if rows:
+        df = pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=list(columns.keys()))
+
+    return df
+
+
+@log
+def search_notebooks(
+    search_string: str,
+    notebook: Optional[str | UUID] = None,
+    workspace: Optional[str | UUID | List[str | UUID]] = None,
+) -> pd.DataFrame:
+    """
+    Searches notebooks within a workspace or across multiple workspaces for a given search string.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    search_string : str
+        The string to search for within the notebook definitions.
+    notebook : str | uuid.UUID, default=None
+        The name or ID of a specific notebook to search within.
+        Defaults to None which searches across all notebooks in the specified workspace(s).
+    workspace : str | uuid.UUID | list, default=None
+        The name or ID of the workspace or a list of workspaces to search within.
+        Defaults to None which resolves to the workspace of the attached lakehouse
+        or if no lakehouse attached, resolves to the workspace of the notebook.
+        If a list is provided, it should contain workspace names or IDs.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    pandas.DataFrame
+        A pandas dataframe showing the notebooks that contain the search string in their definitions.
+        The dataframe includes the workspace name, workspace ID, notebook name, and notebook ID.
+    """
+
+    if not workspace:
+        workspace_id = resolve_workspace_id(workspace)
+        workspace_ids = [workspace_id]
+    elif isinstance(workspace, str):
+        workspace_id = resolve_workspace_id(workspace)
+        workspace_ids = [workspace_id]
+    elif isinstance(workspace, list):
+        workspace_ids = [resolve_workspace_id(ws) for ws in workspace]
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Workspace must be a string, UUID, or a list of strings/UUIDs."
+        )
+
+    dfW = fabric.list_workspaces()
+    dfW_filt = dfW[dfW["Id"].isin(workspace_ids)]
+
+    columns = {
+        "Workspace Name": "string",
+        "Workspace Id": "string",
+        "Notebook Name": "string",
+        "Notebook Id": "string",
+    }
+    df = _create_dataframe(columns=columns)
+
+    rows = []
+    for _, r in dfW_filt.iterrows():
+        w_id = r["Id"]
+        w_name = r["Name"]
+        dfN = list_notebooks(workspace=w_id)
+        if notebook is not None:
+            item_id = resolve_item_id(item=notebook, type="Notebook", workspace=w_id)
+            dfN = dfN[dfN["Notebook Id"] == item_id]
+        for _, n in dfN.iterrows():
+            notebook_id = n["Notebook Id"]
+            notebook_name = n["Notebook Name"]
+            definition = _base_api(
+                request=f"v1/workspaces/{w_id}/notebooks/{notebook_id}/getDefinition",
+                method="post",
+                client="fabric_sp",
+                status_codes=None,
+                lro_return_json=True,
+            )
+            for part in definition.get("definition").get("parts"):
+                payload = _decode_b64(part["payload"])
+                if part["path"] == "notebook-content.py":
+                    if search_string in payload:
+                        rows.append(
+                            {
+                                "Workspace Name": w_name,
+                                "Workspace Id": w_id,
+                                "Notebook Name": notebook_name,
+                                "Notebook Id": notebook_id,
+                            }
+                        )
+
+    if rows:
+        df = pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=list(columns.keys()))
+
+    return df

sempy_labs/_query_scale_out.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import sempy.fabric as fabric
 import pandas as pd
-from ._helper_functions import (
+from sempy_labs._helper_functions import (
     resolve_workspace_name_and_id,
     resolve_dataset_name_and_id,
     _update_dataframe_datatypes,
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ def set_workspace_default_storage_format(
     (workspace_name, workspace_id) = resolve_workspace_name_and_id(workspace)
 
     # Check current storage format
-    dfW = fabric.list_workspaces(filter=f"name eq '{workspace_name}'")
+    dfW = fabric.list_workspaces(filter=f"id eq '{workspace_id}'")
     if len(dfW) == 0:
         raise ValueError()
     current_storage_format = dfW["Default Dataset Storage Format"].iloc[0]