scylla-cqlsh 6.0.23__cp38-cp38-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

cqlsh/cqlsh.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2744 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# distributed with this work for additional information
+# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import cmd
+import codecs
+import configparser
+import csv
+import errno
+import getpass
+import optparse
+import os
+import platform
+import re
+import stat
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import traceback
+import warnings
+import webbrowser
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from glob import glob
+from io import StringIO
+from uuid import UUID
+
+if sys.version_info < (3, 6):
+    sys.exit("\ncqlsh requires Python 3.6+\n")
+
+# see CASSANDRA-10428
+if platform.python_implementation().startswith('Jython'):
+    sys.exit("\nCQL Shell does not run on Jython\n")
+
+UTF8 = 'utf-8'
+
+description = "CQL Shell for Apache Cassandra"
+
+readline = None
+try:
+    # check if tty first, cause readline doesn't check, and only cares
+    # about $TERM. we don't want the funky escape code stuff to be
+    # output if not a tty.
+    if sys.stdin.isatty():
+        import readline
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+
+CQL_LIB_PREFIX = 'scylla-driver-'
+
+CASSANDRA_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)), '..')
+CASSANDRA_CQL_HTML_FALLBACK = 'https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cql/index.html'
+
+# default location of local CQL.html
+if os.path.exists(CASSANDRA_PATH + '/doc/cql3/CQL.html'):
+    # default location of local CQL.html
+    CASSANDRA_CQL_HTML = 'file://' + CASSANDRA_PATH + '/doc/cql3/CQL.html'
+elif os.path.exists('/usr/share/doc/cassandra/CQL.html'):
+    # fallback to package file
+    CASSANDRA_CQL_HTML = 'file:///usr/share/doc/cassandra/CQL.html'
+else:
+    # fallback to online version
+    CASSANDRA_CQL_HTML = CASSANDRA_CQL_HTML_FALLBACK
+
+# On Linux, the Python webbrowser module uses the 'xdg-open' executable
+# to open a file/URL. But that only works, if the current session has been
+# opened from _within_ a desktop environment. I.e. 'xdg-open' will fail,
+# if the session's been opened via ssh to a remote box.
+#
+try:
+    webbrowser.register_standard_browsers()  # registration is otherwise lazy in Python3
+except AttributeError:
+    pass
+if webbrowser._tryorder and webbrowser._tryorder[0] == 'xdg-open' and os.environ.get('XDG_DATA_DIRS', '') == '':
+    # only on Linux (some OS with xdg-open)
+    webbrowser._tryorder.remove('xdg-open')
+    webbrowser._tryorder.append('xdg-open')
+
+# use bundled lib for python-cql if available. if there
+# is a ../lib dir, use bundled libs there preferentially.
+ZIPLIB_DIRS = [os.path.join(CASSANDRA_PATH, 'lib')]
+
+if platform.system() == 'Linux':
+    ZIPLIB_DIRS.append('/usr/share/cassandra/lib')
+
+if os.environ.get('CQLSH_NO_BUNDLED', ''):
+    ZIPLIB_DIRS = ()
+
+
+def find_zip(libprefix):
+    for ziplibdir in ZIPLIB_DIRS:
+        zips = glob(os.path.join(ziplibdir, libprefix + '*.zip'))
+        if zips:
+            return max(zips)   # probably the highest version, if multiple
+
+
+cql_zip = find_zip(CQL_LIB_PREFIX)
+if cql_zip:
+    sys.path.insert(0, cql_zip)
+
+# the driver needs dependencies
+third_parties = ('six-', 'pure_sasl-', 'PyYAML-')
+
+for lib in third_parties:
+    lib_zip = find_zip(lib)
+    if lib_zip:
+        sys.path.insert(0, lib_zip)
+
+warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", r".*blist.*")
+try:
+    import cassandra
+except ImportError as e:
+    sys.exit("\nPython Cassandra driver not installed, or not on PYTHONPATH.\n"
+             'You might try "pip install cassandra-driver".\n\n'
+             'Python: %s\n'
+             'Module load path: %r\n\n'
+             'Error: %s\n' % (sys.executable, sys.path, e))
+
+from cassandra.auth import PlainTextAuthProvider
+from cassandra.cluster import Cluster, EXEC_PROFILE_DEFAULT, ExecutionProfile
+from cassandra.connection import UnixSocketEndPoint
+from cassandra.cqltypes import cql_typename
+from cassandra.marshal import int64_unpack
+from cassandra.metadata import (ColumnMetadata, KeyspaceMetadata, TableMetadata, protect_name, protect_names, protect_value)
+from cassandra.policies import WhiteListRoundRobinPolicy
+from cassandra.query import SimpleStatement, ordered_dict_factory, TraceUnavailable
+from cassandra.util import datetime_from_timestamp
+from cassandra.connection import DRIVER_NAME, DRIVER_VERSION
+
+# cqlsh should run correctly when run out of a Cassandra source tree,
+# out of an unpacked Cassandra tarball, and after a proper package install.
+cqlshlibdir = os.path.join(CASSANDRA_PATH, 'pylib')
+if os.path.isdir(cqlshlibdir):
+    sys.path.insert(0, cqlshlibdir)
+
+from cqlshlib import cql3handling, pylexotron, sslhandling, cqlshhandling, authproviderhandling
+from cqlshlib.copyutil import ExportTask, ImportTask
+from cqlshlib.displaying import (ANSI_RESET, BLUE, COLUMN_NAME_COLORS, CYAN,
+                                 RED, YELLOW, WHITE, FormattedValue, colorme)
+from cqlshlib.formatting import (DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT, DEFAULT_NANOTIME_FORMAT,
+                                 DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT, CqlType, DateTimeFormat,
+                                 format_by_type)
+from cqlshlib.tracing import print_trace, print_trace_session
+from cqlshlib.util import get_file_encoding_bomsize
+from cqlshlib.util import is_file_secure, trim_if_present
+
+try:
+    from cqlshlib._version import __version__ as version
+except ImportError:
+    version = "0.0.0"
+
+DEFAULT_HOST = '127.0.0.1'
+DEFAULT_PORT = 9042
+DEFAULT_SSL = False
+DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 5
+DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS = 10
+
+DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION = 5
+DEFAULT_DOUBLE_PRECISION = 5
+DEFAULT_MAX_TRACE_WAIT = 10
+
+if readline is not None and readline.__doc__ is not None and 'libedit' in readline.__doc__:
+    DEFAULT_COMPLETEKEY = '\t'
+else:
+    DEFAULT_COMPLETEKEY = 'tab'
+
+cqldocs = None
+cqlruleset = None
+
+epilog = """Connects to %(DEFAULT_HOST)s:%(DEFAULT_PORT)d by default. These
+defaults can be changed by setting $CQLSH_HOST and/or $CQLSH_PORT. When a
+host (and optional port number) are given on the command line, they take
+precedence over any defaults.""" % globals()
+
+parser = optparse.OptionParser(description=description, epilog=epilog,
+                               usage="Usage: %prog [options] [host [port]]",
+                               version='cqlsh ' + version)
+parser.add_option("-C", "--color", action='store_true', dest='color',
+                  help='Always use color output')
+parser.add_option("--no-color", action='store_false', dest='color',
+                  help='Never use color output')
+parser.add_option("--browser", dest='browser', help="""The browser to use to display CQL help, where BROWSER can be:
+                                                    - one of the supported browsers in https://docs.python.org/3/library/webbrowser.html.
+                                                    - browser path followed by %s, example: /usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %s""")
+parser.add_option('--ssl', action='store_true', help='Use SSL', default=False)
+parser.add_option("-u", "--username", help="Authenticate as user.")
+parser.add_option("-p", "--password", help="Authenticate using password.")
+parser.add_option('-k', '--keyspace', help='Authenticate to the given keyspace.')
+parser.add_option("-f", "--file", help="Execute commands from FILE, then exit")
+parser.add_option('--debug', action='store_true',
+                  help='Show additional debugging information')
+parser.add_option('--coverage', action='store_true',
+                  help='Collect coverage data')
+parser.add_option("--encoding", help="Specify a non-default encoding for output."
+                  + " (Default: %s)" % (UTF8,))
+parser.add_option("--cqlshrc", help="Specify an alternative cqlshrc file location.")
+parser.add_option("--credentials", help="Specify an alternative credentials file location.")
+parser.add_option('--cqlversion', default=None,
+                  help='Specify a particular CQL version, '
+                       'by default the highest version supported by the server will be used.'
+                       ' Examples: "3.0.3", "3.1.0"')
+parser.add_option("--protocol-version", type="int", default=None,
+                  help='Specify a specific protocol version otherwise the client will default and downgrade as necessary')
+
+parser.add_option("-e", "--execute", help='Execute the statement and quit.')
+parser.add_option("--connect-timeout", default=DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS, dest='connect_timeout',
+                  help='Specify the connection timeout in seconds (default: %default seconds).')
+parser.add_option("--request-timeout", default=DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS, dest='request_timeout',
+                  help='Specify the default request timeout in seconds (default: %default seconds).')
+parser.add_option("-t", "--tty", action='store_true', dest='tty',
+                  help='Force tty mode (command prompt).')
+parser.add_option('-v', action="version", help='Print the current version of cqlsh.')
+parser.add_option("--cloudconf", default=None, help='Configuration file for Scylla Cloud Serverless')
+
+# This is a hidden option to suppress the warning when the -p/--password command line option is used.
+# Power users may use this option if they know no other people has access to the system where cqlsh is run or don't care about security.
+# Use of this option in scripting is discouraged. Please use a (temporary) credentials file where possible.
+# The Cassandra distributed tests (dtests) also use this option in some tests when a well-known password is supplied via the command line.
+parser.add_option("--insecure-password-without-warning", action='store_true', dest='insecure_password_without_warning',
+                  help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+
+opt_values = optparse.Values()
+(options, arguments) = parser.parse_args(sys.argv[1:], values=opt_values)
+
+# BEGIN history/config definition
+
+
+def mkdirp(path):
+    """Creates all parent directories up to path parameter or fails when path exists, but it is not a directory."""
+
+    try:
+        os.makedirs(path)
+    except OSError:
+        if not os.path.isdir(path):
+            raise
+
+
+def resolve_cql_history_file():
+    default_cql_history = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.cassandra', 'cqlsh_history'))
+    if 'CQL_HISTORY' in os.environ:
+        return os.environ['CQL_HISTORY']
+    else:
+        return default_cql_history
+
+
+HISTORY = resolve_cql_history_file()
+HISTORY_DIR = os.path.dirname(HISTORY)
+
+try:
+    mkdirp(HISTORY_DIR)
+except OSError:
+    print('\nWarning: Cannot create directory at `%s`. Command history will not be saved. Please check what was the environment property CQL_HISTORY set to.\n' % HISTORY_DIR)
+
+DEFAULT_CQLSHRC = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.cassandra', 'cqlshrc'))
+
+if hasattr(options, 'cqlshrc'):
+    CONFIG_FILE = os.path.expanduser(options.cqlshrc)
+    if not os.path.exists(CONFIG_FILE):
+        print('\nWarning: Specified cqlshrc location `%s` does not exist.  Using `%s` instead.\n' % (CONFIG_FILE, DEFAULT_CQLSHRC))
+        CONFIG_FILE = DEFAULT_CQLSHRC
+else:
+    CONFIG_FILE = DEFAULT_CQLSHRC
+
+CQL_DIR = os.path.dirname(CONFIG_FILE)
+
+CQL_ERRORS = (
+    cassandra.AlreadyExists, cassandra.AuthenticationFailed, cassandra.CoordinationFailure,
+    cassandra.InvalidRequest, cassandra.Timeout, cassandra.Unauthorized, cassandra.OperationTimedOut,
+    cassandra.cluster.NoHostAvailable,
+    cassandra.connection.ConnectionBusy, cassandra.connection.ProtocolError, cassandra.connection.ConnectionException,
+    cassandra.protocol.ErrorMessage, cassandra.protocol.InternalError, cassandra.query.TraceUnavailable
+)
+
+debug_completion = bool(os.environ.get('CQLSH_DEBUG_COMPLETION', '') == 'YES')
+
+
+class NoKeyspaceError(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class KeyspaceNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ColumnFamilyNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class IndexNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class MaterializedViewNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class ObjectNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class VersionNotSupported(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class UserTypeNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class FunctionNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class AggregateNotFound(Exception):
+    pass
+
+
+class DecodeError(Exception):
+    verb = 'decode'
+
+    def __init__(self, thebytes, err, colname=None):
+        self.thebytes = thebytes
+        self.err = err
+        self.colname = colname
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self.thebytes)
+
+    def message(self):
+        what = 'value %r' % (self.thebytes,)
+        if self.colname is not None:
+            what = 'value %r (for column %r)' % (self.thebytes, self.colname)
+        return 'Failed to %s %s : %s' \
+               % (self.verb, what, self.err)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.message())
+
+
+def maybe_ensure_text(val):
+    return str(val) if val else val
+
+
+class FormatError(DecodeError):
+    verb = 'format'
+
+
+def full_cql_version(ver):
+    while ver.count('.') < 2:
+        ver += '.0'
+    ver_parts = ver.split('-', 1) + ['']
+    vertuple = tuple(list(map(int, ver_parts[0].split('.'))) + [ver_parts[1]])
+    return ver, vertuple
+
+
+def format_value(val, cqltype, encoding, addcolor=False, date_time_format=None,
+                 float_precision=None, colormap=None, nullval=None):
+    if isinstance(val, DecodeError):
+        if addcolor:
+            return colorme(repr(val.thebytes), colormap, 'error')
+        else:
+            return FormattedValue(repr(val.thebytes))
+    return format_by_type(val, cqltype=cqltype, encoding=encoding, colormap=colormap,
+                          addcolor=addcolor, nullval=nullval, date_time_format=date_time_format,
+                          float_precision=float_precision)
+
+
+def show_warning_without_quoting_line(message, category, filename, lineno, file=None, line=None):
+    if file is None:
+        file = sys.stderr
+    try:
+        file.write(warnings.formatwarning(message, category, filename, lineno, line=''))
+    except IOError:
+        pass
+
+
+warnings.showwarning = show_warning_without_quoting_line
+warnings.filterwarnings('always', category=cql3handling.UnexpectedTableStructure)
+
+
+def insert_driver_hooks():
+
+    class DateOverFlowWarning(RuntimeWarning):
+        pass
+
+    # Native datetime types blow up outside of datetime.[MIN|MAX]_YEAR. We will fall back to an int timestamp
+    def deserialize_date_fallback_int(byts, protocol_version):
+        timestamp_ms = int64_unpack(byts)
+        try:
+            return datetime_from_timestamp(timestamp_ms / 1000.0)
+        except OverflowError:
+            warnings.warn(DateOverFlowWarning("Some timestamps are larger than Python datetime can represent. "
+                                              "Timestamps are displayed in milliseconds from epoch."))
+            return timestamp_ms
+
+    cassandra.cqltypes.DateType.deserialize = staticmethod(deserialize_date_fallback_int)
+
+    if hasattr(cassandra, 'deserializers'):
+        del cassandra.deserializers.DesDateType
+
+    # Return cassandra.cqltypes.EMPTY instead of None for empty values
+    cassandra.cqltypes.CassandraType.support_empty_values = True
+
+
+class Shell(cmd.Cmd):
+    custom_prompt = os.getenv('CQLSH_PROMPT', '')
+    if custom_prompt != '':
+        custom_prompt += "\n"
+    default_prompt = custom_prompt + "cqlsh> "
+    continue_prompt = "   ... "
+    keyspace_prompt = custom_prompt + "cqlsh:{}> "
+    keyspace_continue_prompt = "{}    ... "
+    show_line_nums = False
+    debug = False
+    coverage = False
+    coveragerc_path = None
+    stop = False
+    last_hist = None
+    shunted_query_out = None
+    use_paging = True
+
+    default_page_size = 100
+
+    def __init__(self, hostname, port, color=False,
+                 username=None, encoding=None, stdin=None, tty=True,
+                 completekey=DEFAULT_COMPLETEKEY, browser=None, use_conn=None,
+                 cqlver=None, keyspace=None,
+                 tracing_enabled=False, expand_enabled=False,
+                 display_nanotime_format=DEFAULT_NANOTIME_FORMAT,
+                 display_timestamp_format=DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT,
+                 display_date_format=DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT,
+                 display_float_precision=DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION,
+                 display_double_precision=DEFAULT_DOUBLE_PRECISION,
+                 display_timezone=None,
+                 max_trace_wait=DEFAULT_MAX_TRACE_WAIT,
+                 ssl=False,
+                 single_statement=None,
+                 request_timeout=DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+                 protocol_version=None,
+                 connect_timeout=DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS,
+                 is_subshell=False,
+                 auth_provider=None,
+                 cloudconf=None):
+        cmd.Cmd.__init__(self, completekey=completekey)
+        self.hostname = hostname
+        self.port = port
+        self.auth_provider = auth_provider
+        self.username = username
+
+        if isinstance(auth_provider, PlainTextAuthProvider):
+            self.username = auth_provider.username
+            if not auth_provider.password:
+                # if no password is provided, we need to query the user to get one.
+                password = getpass.getpass()
+                self.auth_provider = PlainTextAuthProvider(username=auth_provider.username, password=password)
+
+        self.cloudconf = cloudconf
+        self.keyspace = keyspace
+        self.ssl = ssl
+        self.tracing_enabled = tracing_enabled
+        self.page_size = self.default_page_size
+        self.expand_enabled = expand_enabled
+        if use_conn:
+            self.conn = use_conn
+        else:
+            kwargs = {}
+            if protocol_version is not None:
+                kwargs['protocol_version'] = protocol_version
+
+            self.profiles = {
+                EXEC_PROFILE_DEFAULT: ExecutionProfile(consistency_level=cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.ONE,
+                                                       request_timeout=request_timeout,
+                                                       row_factory=ordered_dict_factory)
+            }
+
+            if cloudconf is None:
+                if os.path.exists(self.hostname) and stat.S_ISSOCK(os.stat(self.hostname).st_mode):
+                    kwargs['contact_points'] = (UnixSocketEndPoint(self.hostname),)
+                    self.profiles[EXEC_PROFILE_DEFAULT].load_balancing_policy = WhiteListRoundRobinPolicy([UnixSocketEndPoint(self.hostname)])
+                else:
+                    kwargs['contact_points'] = (self.hostname,)
+                    self.profiles[EXEC_PROFILE_DEFAULT].load_balancing_policy = WhiteListRoundRobinPolicy([self.hostname])
+                kwargs['port'] = self.port
+                kwargs['ssl_context'] = sslhandling.ssl_settings(hostname, CONFIG_FILE) if ssl else None
+                # workaround until driver would know not to lose the DNS names for `server_hostname`
+                kwargs['ssl_options'] = {'server_hostname': self.hostname} if ssl else None
+            else:
+                assert 'scylla' in DRIVER_NAME.lower(), f"{DRIVER_NAME} {DRIVER_VERSION} isn't supported by scylla_cloud"
+                kwargs['scylla_cloud'] = cloudconf
+
+            self.conn = Cluster(cql_version=cqlver,
+                                auth_provider=self.auth_provider,
+                                control_connection_timeout=connect_timeout,
+                                connect_timeout=connect_timeout,
+                                execution_profiles=self.profiles,
+                                **kwargs)
+        self.owns_connection = not use_conn
+
+        if keyspace:
+            self.session = self.conn.connect(keyspace)
+        else:
+            self.session = self.conn.connect()
+
+        if browser == "":
+            browser = None
+        self.browser = browser
+        self.color = color
+
+        self.display_nanotime_format = display_nanotime_format
+        self.display_timestamp_format = display_timestamp_format
+        self.display_date_format = display_date_format
+
+        self.display_float_precision = display_float_precision
+        self.display_double_precision = display_double_precision
+
+        self.display_timezone = display_timezone
+
+        self.scylla_version = None
+
+        self.get_connection_versions()
+        self.get_scylla_version()
+        self.set_expanded_cql_version(self.connection_versions['cql'])
+
+        self.current_keyspace = keyspace
+
+        self.max_trace_wait = max_trace_wait
+        self.session.max_trace_wait = max_trace_wait
+
+        self.tty = tty
+        self.encoding = encoding
+
+        self.output_codec = codecs.lookup(encoding)
+
+        self.statement = StringIO()
+        self.lineno = 1
+        self.in_comment = False
+
+        self.prompt = ''
+        if stdin is None:
+            stdin = sys.stdin
+
+        if tty:
+            self.reset_prompt()
+            self.report_connection()
+            print('Use HELP for help.')
+        else:
+            self.show_line_nums = True
+        self.stdin = stdin
+        self.query_out = sys.stdout
+        self.consistency_level = cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.ONE
+        self.serial_consistency_level = cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.SERIAL
+
+        self.empty_lines = 0
+        self.statement_error = False
+        self.single_statement = single_statement
+        self.is_subshell = is_subshell
+
+    @property
+    def batch_mode(self):
+        return not self.tty
+
+    def set_expanded_cql_version(self, ver):
+        ver, vertuple = full_cql_version(ver)
+        self.cql_version = ver
+        self.cql_ver_tuple = vertuple
+
+    def cqlver_atleast(self, major, minor=0, patch=0):
+        return self.cql_ver_tuple[:3] >= (major, minor, patch)
+
+    def myformat_value(self, val, cqltype=None, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(val, DecodeError):
+            self.decoding_errors.append(val)
+        try:
+            dtformats = DateTimeFormat(timestamp_format=self.display_timestamp_format,
+                                       date_format=self.display_date_format, nanotime_format=self.display_nanotime_format,
+                                       timezone=self.display_timezone)
+            precision = self.display_double_precision if cqltype is not None and cqltype.type_name == 'double' \
+                else self.display_float_precision
+            return format_value(val, cqltype=cqltype, encoding=self.output_codec.name,
+                                addcolor=self.color, date_time_format=dtformats,
+                                float_precision=precision, **kwargs)
+        except Exception as e:
+            err = FormatError(val, e)
+            self.decoding_errors.append(err)
+            return format_value(err, cqltype=cqltype, encoding=self.output_codec.name, addcolor=self.color)
+
+    def myformat_colname(self, name, table_meta=None):
+        column_colors = COLUMN_NAME_COLORS.copy()
+        # check column role and color appropriately
+        if table_meta:
+            if name in [col.name for col in table_meta.partition_key]:
+                column_colors.default_factory = lambda: RED
+            elif name in [col.name for col in table_meta.clustering_key]:
+                column_colors.default_factory = lambda: CYAN
+            elif name in table_meta.columns and table_meta.columns[name].is_static:
+                column_colors.default_factory = lambda: WHITE
+        return self.myformat_value(name, colormap=column_colors)
+
+    def report_connection(self):
+        self.show_host()
+        self.show_version()
+
+    def show_host(self):
+        if self.cloudconf is not None:
+            print("Connected to {0} at Scylla Cloud."
+                  .format(self.applycolor(self.get_cluster_name(), BLUE)))
+        else:
+            print("Connected to {0} at {1}:{2}"
+                  .format(self.applycolor(self.get_cluster_name(), BLUE),
+                          self.hostname,
+                          self.port))
+
+    def show_version(self):
+        vers = self.connection_versions.copy()
+        vers['shver'] = version
+        # system.Versions['cql'] apparently does not reflect changes with
+        # set_cql_version.
+        vers['cql'] = self.cql_version
+        if self.scylla_version:
+            vers['build'] = "Scylla {0}".format(self.scylla_version)
+        else:
+            vers['build'] = "Cassandra %(build)s" % vers
+        print("[cqlsh %(shver)s | %(build)s | CQL spec %(cql)s | Native protocol v%(protocol)s]" % vers)
+
+    def show_session(self, sessionid, partial_session=False):
+        print_trace_session(self, self.session, sessionid, partial_session)
+
+    def show_replicas(self, token_value, keyspace=None):
+        ks = self.current_keyspace if keyspace is None else keyspace
+        token_map = self.conn.metadata.token_map
+        nodes = token_map.get_replicas(ks, token_map.token_class(token_value))
+        addresses = [x.address for x in nodes]
+        print(f"{addresses}")
+
+    def get_connection_versions(self):
+        result, = self.session.execute("select * from system.local where key = 'local'")
+        vers = {
+            'build': result['release_version'],
+            'protocol': self.conn.protocol_version,
+            'cql': result['cql_version'],
+        }
+        self.connection_versions = vers
+
+    def get_scylla_version(self):
+        try:
+            result, = self.session.execute("SELECT * FROM system.versions WHERE key = 'local'")
+            self.scylla_version = result['version']
+        except CQL_ERRORS:
+            pass
+
+    def get_keyspace_names(self):
+        return list(self.conn.metadata.keyspaces)
+
+    def get_columnfamily_names(self, ksname=None):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        return list(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname).tables)
+
+    def get_materialized_view_names(self, ksname=None):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        return list(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname).views)
+
+    def get_index_names(self, ksname=None):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        return list(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname).indexes)
+
+    def get_column_names(self, ksname, cfname):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        layout = self.get_table_meta(ksname, cfname)
+        return list(layout.columns)
+
+    def get_usertype_names(self, ksname=None):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        return list(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname).user_types)
+
+    def get_usertype_layout(self, ksname, typename):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        ks_meta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+
+        try:
+            user_type = ks_meta.user_types[typename]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise UserTypeNotFound("User type {!r} not found".format(typename))
+
+        return list(zip(user_type.field_names, user_type.field_types))
+
+    def get_userfunction_names(self, ksname=None):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        return [f.name for f in list(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname).functions.values())]
+
+    def get_useraggregate_names(self, ksname=None):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        return [f.name for f in list(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname).aggregates.values())]
+
+    def get_cluster_name(self):
+        return self.conn.metadata.cluster_name
+
+    def get_partitioner(self):
+        return self.conn.metadata.partitioner
+
+    def get_keyspace_meta(self, ksname):
+        if ksname in self.conn.metadata.keyspaces:
+            return self.conn.metadata.keyspaces[ksname]
+
+        raise KeyspaceNotFound('Keyspace %r not found.' % ksname)
+
+    def get_keyspaces(self):
+        return list(self.conn.metadata.keyspaces.values())
+
+    def get_ring(self, ks):
+        self.conn.metadata.token_map.rebuild_keyspace(ks, build_if_absent=True)
+        return self.conn.metadata.token_map.tokens_to_hosts_by_ks[ks]
+
+    def get_table_meta(self, ksname, tablename):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+        if tablename not in ksmeta.tables:
+            if ksname == 'system_auth' and tablename in ['roles', 'role_permissions']:
+                self.get_fake_auth_table_meta(ksname, tablename)
+            else:
+                raise ColumnFamilyNotFound("Column family {} not found".format(tablename))
+        else:
+            return ksmeta.tables[tablename]
+
+    def get_fake_auth_table_meta(self, ksname, tablename):
+        # may be using external auth implementation so internal tables
+        # aren't actually defined in schema. In this case, we'll fake
+        # them up
+        if tablename == 'roles':
+            ks_meta = KeyspaceMetadata(ksname, True, None, None)
+            table_meta = TableMetadata(ks_meta, 'roles')
+            table_meta.columns['role'] = ColumnMetadata(table_meta, 'role', cassandra.cqltypes.UTF8Type)
+            table_meta.columns['is_superuser'] = ColumnMetadata(table_meta, 'is_superuser', cassandra.cqltypes.BooleanType)
+            table_meta.columns['can_login'] = ColumnMetadata(table_meta, 'can_login', cassandra.cqltypes.BooleanType)
+        elif tablename == 'role_permissions':
+            ks_meta = KeyspaceMetadata(ksname, True, None, None)
+            table_meta = TableMetadata(ks_meta, 'role_permissions')
+            table_meta.columns['role'] = ColumnMetadata(table_meta, 'role', cassandra.cqltypes.UTF8Type)
+            table_meta.columns['resource'] = ColumnMetadata(table_meta, 'resource', cassandra.cqltypes.UTF8Type)
+            table_meta.columns['permission'] = ColumnMetadata(table_meta, 'permission', cassandra.cqltypes.UTF8Type)
+        else:
+            raise ColumnFamilyNotFound("Column family {} not found".format(tablename))
+
+    def get_index_meta(self, ksname, idxname):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+
+        if idxname not in ksmeta.indexes:
+            raise IndexNotFound("Index {} not found".format(idxname))
+
+        return ksmeta.indexes[idxname]
+
+    def get_view_meta(self, ksname, viewname):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+
+        if viewname not in ksmeta.views:
+            raise MaterializedViewNotFound("Materialized view '{}' not found".format(viewname))
+        return ksmeta.views[viewname]
+
+    def get_object_meta(self, ks, name):
+        if name is None:
+            if ks and ks in self.conn.metadata.keyspaces:
+                return self.conn.metadata.keyspaces[ks]
+            elif self.current_keyspace is None:
+                raise ObjectNotFound("'{}' not found in keyspaces".format(ks))
+            else:
+                name = ks
+                ks = self.current_keyspace
+
+        if ks is None:
+            ks = self.current_keyspace
+
+        ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ks)
+
+        if name in ksmeta.tables:
+            return ksmeta.tables[name]
+        elif name in ksmeta.indexes:
+            return ksmeta.indexes[name]
+        elif name in ksmeta.views:
+            return ksmeta.views[name]
+
+        raise ObjectNotFound("'{}' not found in keyspace '{}'".format(name, ks))
+
+    def get_trigger_names(self, ksname=None):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+
+        return [trigger.name
+                for table in list(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname).tables.values())
+                for trigger in list(table.triggers.values())]
+
+    def reset_statement(self):
+        self.reset_prompt()
+        self.statement.truncate(0)
+        self.statement.seek(0)
+        self.empty_lines = 0
+
+    def reset_prompt(self):
+        if self.current_keyspace is None:
+            self.set_prompt(self.default_prompt, True)
+        else:
+            self.set_prompt(self.keyspace_prompt.format(self.current_keyspace), True)
+
+    def set_continue_prompt(self):
+        if self.empty_lines >= 3:
+            self.set_prompt("Statements are terminated with a ';'.  You can press CTRL-C to cancel an incomplete statement.")
+            self.empty_lines = 0
+            return
+        if self.current_keyspace is None:
+            self.set_prompt(self.continue_prompt)
+        else:
+            spaces = ' ' * len(str(self.current_keyspace))
+            self.set_prompt(self.keyspace_continue_prompt.format(spaces))
+        self.empty_lines = self.empty_lines + 1 if not self.lastcmd else 0
+
+    @contextmanager
+    def prepare_loop(self):
+        readline = None
+        if self.tty and self.completekey:
+            try:
+                import readline
+            except ImportError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                old_completer = readline.get_completer()
+                readline.set_completer(self.complete)
+                if readline.__doc__ is not None and 'libedit' in readline.__doc__:
+                    readline.parse_and_bind("bind -e")
+                    readline.parse_and_bind("bind '" + self.completekey + "' rl_complete")
+                    readline.parse_and_bind("bind ^R em-inc-search-prev")
+                else:
+                    readline.parse_and_bind(self.completekey + ": complete")
+        # start coverage collection if requested, unless in subshell
+        if self.coverage and not self.is_subshell:
+            # check for coveragerc file, write it if missing
+            if os.path.exists(CQL_DIR):
+                self.coveragerc_path = os.path.join(CQL_DIR, '.coveragerc')
+                covdata_path = os.path.join(CQL_DIR, '.coverage')
+                if not os.path.isfile(self.coveragerc_path):
+                    with open(self.coveragerc_path, 'w') as f:
+                        f.writelines(["[run]\n",
+                                      "concurrency = multiprocessing\n",
+                                      "data_file = {}\n".format(covdata_path),
+                                      "parallel = true\n"]
+                                     )
+                # start coverage
+                import coverage
+                self.cov = coverage.Coverage(config_file=self.coveragerc_path)
+                self.cov.start()
+        try:
+            yield
+        finally:
+            if readline is not None:
+                readline.set_completer(old_completer)
+            if self.coverage and not self.is_subshell:
+                self.stop_coverage()
+
+    def get_input_line(self, prompt=''):
+        if self.tty:
+            self.lastcmd = input(str(prompt))
+            line = self.lastcmd + '\n'
+        else:
+            self.lastcmd = self.stdin.readline()
+            line = self.lastcmd
+            if not len(line):
+                raise EOFError
+        self.lineno += 1
+        return line
+
+    def use_stdin_reader(self, until='', prompt=''):
+        until += '\n'
+        while True:
+            try:
+                newline = self.get_input_line(prompt=prompt)
+            except EOFError:
+                return
+            if newline == until:
+                return
+            yield newline
+
+    def cmdloop(self, intro=None):
+        """
+        Adapted from cmd.Cmd's version, because there is literally no way with
+        cmd.Cmd.cmdloop() to tell the difference between "EOF" showing up in
+        input and an actual EOF.
+        """
+        with self.prepare_loop():
+            while not self.stop:
+                try:
+                    if self.single_statement:
+                        line = self.single_statement
+                        self.stop = True
+                    else:
+                        line = self.get_input_line(self.prompt)
+                    self.statement.write(line)
+                    if self.onecmd(self.statement.getvalue()):
+                        self.reset_statement()
+                except EOFError:
+                    self.handle_eof()
+                except CQL_ERRORS as cqlerr:
+                    self.printerr(cqlerr.message)
+                except KeyboardInterrupt:
+                    self.reset_statement()
+                    print('')
+
+    def strip_comment_blocks(self, statementtext):
+        comment_block_in_literal_string = re.search('["].*[/][*].*[*][/].*["]', statementtext)
+        if not comment_block_in_literal_string:
+            result = re.sub('[/][*].*[*][/]', "", statementtext)
+            if '*/' in result and '/*' not in result and not self.in_comment:
+                raise SyntaxError("Encountered comment block terminator without being in comment block")
+            if '/*' in result:
+                result = re.sub('[/][*].*', "", result)
+                self.in_comment = True
+            if '*/' in result:
+                result = re.sub('.*[*][/]', "", result)
+                self.in_comment = False
+            if self.in_comment and not re.findall('[/][*]|[*][/]', statementtext):
+                result = ''
+            return result
+        return statementtext
+
+    def onecmd(self, statementtext):
+        """
+        Returns true if the statement is complete and was handled (meaning it
+        can be reset).
+        """
+        statementtext = self.strip_comment_blocks(statementtext)
+        try:
+            statements, endtoken_escaped = cqlruleset.cql_split_statements(statementtext)
+        except pylexotron.LexingError as e:
+            if self.show_line_nums:
+                self.printerr('Invalid syntax at line {0}, char {1}'
+                              .format(e.linenum, e.charnum))
+            else:
+                self.printerr('Invalid syntax at char {0}'.format(e.charnum))
+            statementline = statementtext.split('\n')[e.linenum - 1]
+            self.printerr('  {0}'.format(statementline))
+            self.printerr(' {0}^'.format(' ' * e.charnum))
+            return True
+
+        while statements and not statements[-1]:
+            statements = statements[:-1]
+        if not statements:
+            return True
+        if endtoken_escaped or statements[-1][-1][0] != 'endtoken':
+            self.set_continue_prompt()
+            return
+        for st in statements:
+            try:
+                self.handle_statement(st, statementtext)
+            except Exception as e:
+                if self.debug:
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+                else:
+                    self.printerr(e)
+        return True
+
+    def handle_eof(self):
+        if self.tty:
+            print('')
+        statement = self.statement.getvalue()
+        if statement.strip():
+            if not self.onecmd(statement):
+                self.printerr('Incomplete statement at end of file')
+        self.do_exit()
+
+    def handle_statement(self, tokens, srcstr):
+        # Concat multi-line statements and insert into history
+        if readline is not None:
+            nl_count = srcstr.count("\n")
+
+            new_hist = srcstr.replace("\n", " ").rstrip()
+
+            if nl_count > 1 and self.last_hist != new_hist:
+                readline.add_history(new_hist)
+
+            self.last_hist = new_hist
+        cmdword = tokens[0][1]
+        if cmdword == '?':
+            cmdword = 'help'
+
+        cmdword_lower = cmdword.lower()
+
+        # Describe statements get special treatment: we first want to
+        # send the request to the server and only when it fails will
+        # we attempt to perform it locally. That's why we don't want
+        # to follow the logic below that starts with parsing.
+        #
+        # The reason for that is changes in Scylla may need to be reflected
+        # in the grammar used in cqlsh. We want Scylla to be "independent"
+        # in that regard, so unless necessary, we don't want to do the parsing
+        # here.
+        if cmdword_lower == 'describe' or cmdword_lower == 'desc':
+            return self.perform_describe(cmdword, tokens, srcstr)
+
+        custom_handler = getattr(self, 'do_' + cmdword.lower(), None)
+        if custom_handler:
+            parsed = cqlruleset.cql_whole_parse_tokens(tokens, srcstr=srcstr,
+                                                       startsymbol='cqlshCommand')
+            if parsed and not parsed.remainder:
+                # successful complete parse
+                return custom_handler(parsed)
+            else:
+                return self.handle_parse_error(cmdword, tokens, parsed, srcstr)
+        return self.perform_statement(cqlruleset.cql_extract_orig(tokens, srcstr))
+
+    def handle_parse_error(self, cmdword, tokens, parsed, srcstr):
+        if cmdword.lower() in ('select', 'insert', 'update', 'delete', 'truncate',
+                               'create', 'drop', 'alter', 'grant', 'revoke',
+                               'batch', 'list'):
+            # hey, maybe they know about some new syntax we don't. type
+            # assumptions won't work, but maybe the query will.
+            return self.perform_statement(cqlruleset.cql_extract_orig(tokens, srcstr))
+        if parsed:
+            self.printerr('Improper %s command (problem at %r).' % (cmdword, parsed.remainder[0]))
+        else:
+            self.printerr(f'Improper {cmdword} command.')
+
+    def do_use(self, parsed):
+        ksname = parsed.get_binding('ksname')
+        success, _ = self.perform_simple_statement(SimpleStatement(parsed.extract_orig()))
+        if success:
+            if ksname[0] == '"' and ksname[-1] == '"':
+                self.current_keyspace = self.cql_unprotect_name(ksname)
+            else:
+                self.current_keyspace = ksname.lower()
+
+    def do_select(self, parsed):
+        tracing_was_enabled = self.tracing_enabled
+        ksname = parsed.get_binding('ksname')
+        stop_tracing = ksname == 'system_traces' or (ksname is None and self.current_keyspace == 'system_traces')
+        self.tracing_enabled = self.tracing_enabled and not stop_tracing
+        statement = parsed.extract_orig()
+        self.perform_statement(statement)
+        self.tracing_enabled = tracing_was_enabled
+
+    def perform_statement(self, statement):
+
+        stmt = SimpleStatement(statement, consistency_level=self.consistency_level, serial_consistency_level=self.serial_consistency_level, fetch_size=self.page_size if self.use_paging else None)
+        success, future = self.perform_simple_statement(stmt)
+
+        if future:
+            if future.warnings:
+                self.print_warnings(future.warnings)
+
+            if self.tracing_enabled:
+                try:
+                    for trace in future.get_all_query_traces(max_wait_per=self.max_trace_wait, query_cl=self.consistency_level):
+                        print_trace(self, trace)
+                except TraceUnavailable:
+                    msg = "Statement trace did not complete within %d seconds; trace data may be incomplete." % (self.session.max_trace_wait,)
+                    self.writeresult(msg, color=RED)
+                    for trace_id in future.get_query_trace_ids():
+                        self.show_session(trace_id, partial_session=True)
+                except Exception as err:
+                    self.printerr("Unable to fetch query trace: %s" % (str(err),))
+
+        return success
+
+    def parse_for_select_meta(self, query_string):
+        try:
+            parsed = cqlruleset.cql_parse(query_string)[1]
+        except IndexError:
+            return None
+        ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+        name = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('cfname', None))
+        try:
+            return self.get_table_meta(ks, name)
+        except ColumnFamilyNotFound:
+            try:
+                return self.get_view_meta(ks, name)
+            except MaterializedViewNotFound:
+                raise ObjectNotFound("'{}' not found in keyspace '{}'".format(name, ks))
+
+    def parse_for_update_meta(self, query_string):
+        try:
+            parsed = cqlruleset.cql_parse(query_string)[1]
+        except IndexError:
+            return None
+        ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+        cf = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('cfname'))
+        return self.get_table_meta(ks, cf)
+
+    def perform_simple_statement(self, statement):
+        if not statement:
+            return False, None
+
+        future = self.session.execute_async(statement, trace=self.tracing_enabled)
+        result = None
+        try:
+            result = future.result()
+        except CQL_ERRORS as err:
+            err_msg = err.message if hasattr(err, 'message') else str(err)
+            self.printerr(str(err.__class__.__name__) + ": " + err_msg)
+        except Exception:
+            import traceback
+            self.printerr(traceback.format_exc())
+
+        # Even if statement failed we try to refresh schema if not agreed (see CASSANDRA-9689)
+        if not future.is_schema_agreed:
+            try:
+                self.conn.refresh_schema_metadata(5)  # will throw exception if there is a schema mismatch
+            except Exception:
+                self.printwarn("Warning: schema version mismatch detected; check the schema versions of your "
+                               "nodes in system.local and system.peers.")
+                self.conn.refresh_schema_metadata(-1)
+
+        if result is None:
+            return False, None
+
+        if statement.query_string[:6].lower() == 'select':
+            self.print_result(result, self.parse_for_select_meta(statement.query_string))
+        elif statement.query_string.lower().startswith("list users") or statement.query_string.lower().startswith("list roles"):
+            self.print_result(result, self.get_table_meta('system_auth', 'roles'))
+        elif statement.query_string.lower().startswith("list"):
+            self.print_result(result, self.get_table_meta('system_auth', 'role_permissions'))
+        elif result:
+            # CAS INSERT/UPDATE
+            self.writeresult("")
+            self.print_static_result(result, self.parse_for_update_meta(statement.query_string), with_header=True, tty=self.tty)
+        self.flush_output()
+        return True, future
+
+    def print_result(self, result, table_meta):
+        self.decoding_errors = []
+
+        self.writeresult("")
+
+        def print_all(result, table_meta, tty):
+            # Return the number of rows in total
+            num_rows = 0
+            is_first = True
+            while True:
+                # Always print for the first page even it is empty
+                if result.current_rows or is_first:
+                    with_header = is_first or tty
+                    self.print_static_result(result, table_meta, with_header, tty, num_rows)
+                    num_rows += len(result.current_rows)
+                if result.has_more_pages:
+                    if self.shunted_query_out is None and tty:
+                        # Only pause when not capturing.
+                        input("---MORE---")
+                    result.fetch_next_page()
+                else:
+                    if not tty:
+                        self.writeresult("")
+                    break
+                is_first = False
+            return num_rows
+
+        num_rows = print_all(result, table_meta, self.tty)
+        self.writeresult("(%d rows)" % num_rows)
+
+        if self.decoding_errors:
+            for err in self.decoding_errors[:2]:
+                self.writeresult(err.message(), color=RED)
+            if len(self.decoding_errors) > 2:
+                self.writeresult('%d more decoding errors suppressed.'
+                                 % (len(self.decoding_errors) - 2), color=RED)
+
+    def print_static_result(self, result, table_meta, with_header, tty, row_count_offset=0):
+        if not result.column_names and not table_meta:
+            return
+
+        column_names = result.column_names or list(table_meta.columns.keys())
+        formatted_names = [self.myformat_colname(name, table_meta) for name in column_names]
+        if not result.current_rows:
+            # print header only
+            self.print_formatted_result(formatted_names, None, with_header=True, tty=tty)
+            return
+
+        cql_types = []
+        if result.column_types:
+            ks_name = table_meta.keyspace_name if table_meta else self.current_keyspace
+            ks_meta = self.conn.metadata.keyspaces.get(ks_name, None)
+            cql_types = [CqlType(cql_typename(t), ks_meta) for t in result.column_types]
+
+        formatted_values = [list(map(self.myformat_value, [row[c] for c in column_names], cql_types)) for row in result.current_rows]
+
+        if self.expand_enabled:
+            self.print_formatted_result_vertically(formatted_names, formatted_values, row_count_offset)
+        else:
+            self.print_formatted_result(formatted_names, formatted_values, with_header, tty)
+
+    def print_formatted_result(self, formatted_names, formatted_values, with_header, tty):
+        # determine column widths
+        widths = [n.displaywidth for n in formatted_names]
+        if formatted_values is not None:
+            for fmtrow in formatted_values:
+                for num, col in enumerate(fmtrow):
+                    widths[num] = max(widths[num], col.displaywidth)
+
+        # print header
+        if with_header:
+            header = ' | '.join(hdr.ljust(w, color=self.color) for (hdr, w) in zip(formatted_names, widths))
+            self.writeresult(' ' + header.rstrip())
+            self.writeresult('-%s-' % '-+-'.join('-' * w for w in widths))
+
+        # stop if there are no rows
+        if formatted_values is None:
+            self.writeresult("")
+            return
+
+        # print row data
+        for row in formatted_values:
+            line = ' | '.join(col.rjust(w, color=self.color) for (col, w) in zip(row, widths))
+            self.writeresult(' ' + line)
+
+        if tty:
+            self.writeresult("")
+
+    def print_formatted_result_vertically(self, formatted_names, formatted_values, row_count_offset):
+        max_col_width = max([n.displaywidth for n in formatted_names])
+        max_val_width = max([n.displaywidth for row in formatted_values for n in row])
+
+        # for each row returned, list all the column-value pairs
+        for i, row in enumerate(formatted_values):
+            self.writeresult("@ Row %d" % (row_count_offset + i + 1))
+            self.writeresult('-%s-' % '-+-'.join(['-' * max_col_width, '-' * max_val_width]))
+            for field_id, field in enumerate(row):
+                column = formatted_names[field_id].ljust(max_col_width, color=self.color)
+                value = field.ljust(field.displaywidth, color=self.color)
+                self.writeresult(' ' + " | ".join([column, value]))
+            self.writeresult('')
+
+    def print_warnings(self, warnings):
+        if warnings is None or len(warnings) == 0:
+            return
+
+        self.writeresult('')
+        self.writeresult('Warnings :')
+        for warning in warnings:
+            self.writeresult(warning)
+            self.writeresult('')
+
+    def emptyline(self):
+        pass
+
+    def parseline(self, line):
+        # this shouldn't be needed
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def complete(self, text, state):
+        if readline is None:
+            return
+        if state == 0:
+            try:
+                self.completion_matches = self.find_completions(text)
+            except Exception:
+                if debug_completion:
+                    import traceback
+                    traceback.print_exc()
+                else:
+                    raise
+        try:
+            return self.completion_matches[state]
+        except IndexError:
+            return None
+
+    def find_completions(self, text):
+        curline = readline.get_line_buffer()
+        prevlines = self.statement.getvalue()
+        wholestmt = prevlines + curline
+        begidx = readline.get_begidx() + len(prevlines)
+        stuff_to_complete = wholestmt[:begidx]
+        return cqlruleset.cql_complete(stuff_to_complete, text, cassandra_conn=self,
+                                       debug=debug_completion, startsymbol='cqlshCommand')
+
+    def set_prompt(self, prompt, prepend_user=False):
+        if prepend_user and self.username:
+            self.prompt = "{0}@{1}".format(self.username, prompt)
+            return
+        self.prompt = prompt
+
+    def cql_unprotect_name(self, namestr):
+        if namestr is None:
+            return
+        return cqlruleset.dequote_name(namestr)
+
+    def cql_unprotect_value(self, valstr):
+        if valstr is not None:
+            return cqlruleset.dequote_value(valstr)
+
+    def print_recreate_keyspace(self, ksdef, out):
+        out.write(ksdef.export_as_string())
+        out.write("\n")
+
+    def print_recreate_columnfamily(self, ksname, cfname, out):
+        """
+        Output CQL commands which should be pasteable back into a CQL session
+        to recreate the given table.
+
+        Writes output to the given out stream.
+        """
+        out.write(self.get_table_meta(ksname, cfname).export_as_string())
+        out.write("\n")
+
+    def print_recreate_index(self, ksname, idxname, out):
+        """
+        Output CQL commands which should be pasteable back into a CQL session
+        to recreate the given index.
+
+        Writes output to the given out stream.
+        """
+        out.write(self.get_index_meta(ksname, idxname).export_as_string())
+        out.write("\n")
+
+    def print_recreate_materialized_view(self, ksname, viewname, out):
+        """
+        Output CQL commands which should be pasteable back into a CQL session
+        to recreate the given materialized view.
+
+        Writes output to the given out stream.
+        """
+        out.write(self.get_view_meta(ksname, viewname).export_as_string())
+        out.write("\n")
+
+    def print_recreate_object(self, ks, name, out):
+        """
+        Output CQL commands which should be pasteable back into a CQL session
+        to recreate the given object (ks, table or index).
+
+        Writes output to the given out stream.
+        """
+        out.write(self.get_object_meta(ks, name).export_as_string())
+        out.write("\n")
+
+    def describe_keyspaces_client(self):
+        print('')
+        cmd.Cmd.columnize(self, protect_names(self.get_keyspace_names()))
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_keyspace_client(self, ksname):
+        print('')
+        self.print_recreate_keyspace(self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname), sys.stdout)
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_columnfamily_client(self, ksname, cfname):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        if ksname is None:
+            raise NoKeyspaceError("No keyspace specified and no current keyspace")
+        print('')
+        self.print_recreate_columnfamily(ksname, cfname, sys.stdout)
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_index_client(self, ksname, idxname):
+        print('')
+        self.print_recreate_index(ksname, idxname, sys.stdout)
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_materialized_view_client(self, ksname, viewname):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        if ksname is None:
+            raise NoKeyspaceError("No keyspace specified and no current keyspace")
+        print('')
+        self.print_recreate_materialized_view(ksname, viewname, sys.stdout)
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_object_client(self, ks, name):
+        print('')
+        self.print_recreate_object(ks, name, sys.stdout)
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_columnfamilies_client(self, ksname):
+        print('')
+        if ksname is None:
+            for k in self.get_keyspaces():
+                name = protect_name(k.name)
+                print('Keyspace %s' % (name,))
+                print('---------%s' % ('-' * len(name)))
+                cmd.Cmd.columnize(self, protect_names(self.get_columnfamily_names(k.name)))
+                print('')
+        else:
+            cmd.Cmd.columnize(self, protect_names(self.get_columnfamily_names(ksname)))
+            print('')
+
+    def describe_functions_client(self, ksname):
+        print('')
+        if ksname is None:
+            for ksmeta in self.get_keyspaces():
+                name = protect_name(ksmeta.name)
+                print('Keyspace %s' % (name,))
+                print('---------%s' % ('-' * len(name)))
+                self._columnize_unicode(list(ksmeta.functions.keys()))
+        else:
+            ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+            self._columnize_unicode(list(ksmeta.functions.keys()))
+
+    def describe_function_client(self, ksname, functionname):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        if ksname is None:
+            raise NoKeyspaceError("No keyspace specified and no current keyspace")
+        print('')
+        ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+        functions = [f for f in list(ksmeta.functions.values()) if f.name == functionname]
+        if len(functions) == 0:
+            raise FunctionNotFound("User defined function {} not found".format(functionname))
+        print("\n\n".join(func.export_as_string() for func in functions))
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_aggregates_client(self, ksname):
+        print('')
+        if ksname is None:
+            for ksmeta in self.get_keyspaces():
+                name = protect_name(ksmeta.name)
+                print('Keyspace %s' % (name,))
+                print('---------%s' % ('-' * len(name)))
+                self._columnize_unicode(list(ksmeta.aggregates.keys()))
+        else:
+            ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+            self._columnize_unicode(list(ksmeta.aggregates.keys()))
+
+    def describe_aggregate_client(self, ksname, aggregatename):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        if ksname is None:
+            raise NoKeyspaceError("No keyspace specified and no current keyspace")
+        print('')
+        ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+        aggregates = [f for f in list(ksmeta.aggregates.values()) if f.name == aggregatename]
+        if len(aggregates) == 0:
+            raise FunctionNotFound("User defined aggregate {} not found".format(aggregatename))
+        print("\n\n".join(aggr.export_as_string() for aggr in aggregates))
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_usertypes_client(self, ksname):
+        print('')
+        if ksname is None:
+            for ksmeta in self.get_keyspaces():
+                name = protect_name(ksmeta.name)
+                print('Keyspace %s' % (name,))
+                print('---------%s' % ('-' * len(name)))
+                self._columnize_unicode(list(ksmeta.user_types.keys()), quote=True)
+        else:
+            ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+            self._columnize_unicode(list(ksmeta.user_types.keys()), quote=True)
+
+    def describe_usertype_client(self, ksname, typename):
+        if ksname is None:
+            ksname = self.current_keyspace
+        if ksname is None:
+            raise NoKeyspaceError("No keyspace specified and no current keyspace")
+        print('')
+        ksmeta = self.get_keyspace_meta(ksname)
+        try:
+            usertype = ksmeta.user_types[typename]
+        except KeyError:
+            raise UserTypeNotFound("User type {} not found".format(typename))
+        print(usertype.export_as_string())
+
+    def _columnize_unicode(self, name_list, quote=False):
+        """
+        Used when columnizing identifiers that may contain unicode
+        """
+        names = [n for n in name_list]
+        if quote:
+            names = protect_names(names)
+        cmd.Cmd.columnize(self, names)
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_cluster_client(self):
+        print('\nCluster: %s' % self.get_cluster_name())
+        p = trim_if_present(self.get_partitioner(), 'org.apache.cassandra.dht.')
+        print('Partitioner: %s\n' % p)
+        # TODO: snitch?
+        # snitch = trim_if_present(self.get_snitch(), 'org.apache.cassandra.locator.')
+        # print 'Snitch: %s\n' % snitch
+        if self.current_keyspace is not None and self.current_keyspace != 'system':
+            print("Range ownership:")
+            ring = self.get_ring(self.current_keyspace)
+            for entry in list(ring.items()):
+                print(' %39s  [%s]' % (str(entry[0].value), ', '.join([host.address for host in entry[1]])))
+            print('')
+
+    def describe_schema_client(self, include_system=False):
+        print('')
+        for k in self.get_keyspaces():
+            if include_system or k.name not in cql3handling.SYSTEM_KEYSPACES:
+                self.print_recreate_keyspace(k, sys.stdout)
+                print('')
+
+    # Precondition: the first token in `srcstr.lower()` is either `describe` or `desc`.
+    def perform_describe(self, cmdword, tokens, srcstr):
+        """
+        DESCRIBE [cqlsh only]
+
+        (DESC may be used as a shorthand.)
+
+          Outputs information about the connected Cassandra cluster, or about
+          the data objects stored in the cluster. Use in one of the following ways:
+
+        DESCRIBE KEYSPACES
+
+          Output the names of all keyspaces.
+
+        DESCRIBE KEYSPACE [<keyspacename>]
+
+          Output CQL commands that could be used to recreate the given keyspace,
+          and the objects in it (such as tables, types, functions, etc.).
+          In some cases, as the CQL interface matures, there will be some metadata
+          about a keyspace that is not representable with CQL. That metadata will not be shown.
+          The '<keyspacename>' argument may be omitted, in which case the current
+          keyspace will be described.
+
+        DESCRIBE TABLES
+
+          Output the names of all tables in the current keyspace, or in all
+          keyspaces if there is no current keyspace.
+
+        DESCRIBE TABLE [<keyspace>.]<tablename>
+
+          Output CQL commands that could be used to recreate the given table.
+          In some cases, as above, there may be table metadata which is not
+          representable and which will not be shown.
+
+        DESCRIBE INDEX <indexname>
+
+          Output the CQL command that could be used to recreate the given index.
+          In some cases, there may be index metadata which is not representable
+          and which will not be shown.
+
+        DESCRIBE MATERIALIZED VIEW <viewname>
+
+          Output the CQL command that could be used to recreate the given materialized view.
+          In some cases, there may be materialized view metadata which is not representable
+          and which will not be shown.
+
+        DESCRIBE CLUSTER
+
+          Output information about the connected Cassandra cluster, such as the
+          cluster name, and the partitioner and snitch in use. When you are
+          connected to a non-system keyspace, also shows endpoint-range
+          ownership information for the Cassandra ring.
+
+        DESCRIBE [FULL] SCHEMA
+
+          Output CQL commands that could be used to recreate the entire (non-system) schema.
+          Works as though "DESCRIBE KEYSPACE k" was invoked for each non-system keyspace
+          k. Use DESCRIBE FULL SCHEMA to include the system keyspaces.
+
+        DESCRIBE TYPES
+
+          Output the names of all user-defined-types in the current keyspace, or in all
+          keyspaces if there is no current keyspace.
+
+        DESCRIBE TYPE [<keyspace>.]<type>
+
+          Output the CQL command that could be used to recreate the given user-defined-type.
+
+        DESCRIBE FUNCTIONS
+
+          Output the names of all user-defined-functions in the current keyspace, or in all
+          keyspaces if there is no current keyspace.
+
+        DESCRIBE FUNCTION [<keyspace>.]<function>
+
+          Output the CQL command that could be used to recreate the given user-defined-function.
+
+        DESCRIBE AGGREGATES
+
+          Output the names of all user-defined-aggregates in the current keyspace, or in all
+          keyspaces if there is no current keyspace.
+
+        DESCRIBE AGGREGATE [<keyspace>.]<aggregate>
+
+          Output the CQL command that could be used to recreate the given user-defined-aggregate.
+
+        DESCRIBE <objname>
+
+          Output CQL commands that could be used to recreate the entire object schema,
+          where object can be either a keyspace or a table or an index or a materialized
+          view (in this order).
+        """
+
+        def perform_describe_locally(parsed):
+            what = parsed.matched[1][1].lower()
+            if what == 'functions':
+                self.describe_functions_client(self.current_keyspace)
+            elif what == 'function':
+                ksname = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+                functionname = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('udfname'))
+                self.describe_function_client(ksname, functionname)
+            elif what == 'aggregates':
+                self.describe_aggregates_client(self.current_keyspace)
+            elif what == 'aggregate':
+                ksname = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+                aggregatename = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('udaname'))
+                self.describe_aggregate_client(ksname, aggregatename)
+            elif what == 'keyspaces':
+                self.describe_keyspaces_client()
+            elif what == 'keyspace':
+                ksname = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', ''))
+                if not ksname:
+                    ksname = self.current_keyspace
+                    if ksname is None:
+                        self.printerr('Not in any keyspace.')
+                        return
+                self.describe_keyspace_client(ksname)
+            elif what in ('columnfamily', 'table'):
+                ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+                cf = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('cfname'))
+                self.describe_columnfamily_client(ks, cf)
+            elif what == 'index':
+                ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+                idx = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('idxname', None))
+                self.describe_index_client(ks, idx)
+            elif what == 'materialized' and parsed.matched[2][1].lower() == 'view':
+                ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+                mv = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('mvname'))
+                self.describe_materialized_view_client(ks, mv)
+            elif what in ('columnfamilies', 'tables'):
+                self.describe_columnfamilies_client(self.current_keyspace)
+            elif what == 'types':
+                self.describe_usertypes_client(self.current_keyspace)
+            elif what == 'type':
+                ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+                ut = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('utname'))
+                self.describe_usertype_client(ks, ut)
+            elif what == 'cluster':
+                self.describe_cluster_client()
+            elif what == 'schema':
+                self.describe_schema_client(False)
+            elif what == 'full' and parsed.matched[2][1].lower() == 'schema':
+                self.describe_schema_client(True)
+            elif what:
+                ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+                name = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('cfname'))
+                if not name:
+                    name = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('idxname', None))
+                if not name:
+                    name = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('mvname', None))
+                self.describe_object_client(ks, name)
+
+        stmt = SimpleStatement(srcstr, consistency_level=cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.LOCAL_ONE,
+                               fetch_size=self.page_size if self.use_paging else None)
+        future = self.session.execute_async(stmt)
+        try:
+            result = future.result()
+
+            # The second token in the statement indicates which
+            # kind of DESCRIBE we're performing.
+            what = srcstr.split()[1].lower().rstrip(';')
+
+            if what in ('columnfamilies', 'tables', 'types', 'functions', 'aggregates'):
+                self.describe_list(result)
+            elif what == 'keyspaces':
+                self.describe_keyspaces(result)
+            elif what == 'cluster':
+                self.describe_cluster(result)
+            elif what:
+                self.describe_element(result)
+
+        except cassandra.protocol.SyntaxException:
+            # Server doesn't support DESCRIBE query, retry with
+            # client-side DESCRIBE implementation
+            parsed = cqlruleset.cql_whole_parse_tokens(tokens, srcstr=srcstr,
+                                                       startsymbol='cqlshCommand')
+            if parsed and not parsed.remainder:
+                return perform_describe_locally(parsed)
+            else:
+                return self.handle_parse_error(cmdword, tokens, parsed, srcstr)
+        except CQL_ERRORS as err:
+            err_msg = err.message if hasattr(err, 'message') else str(err)
+            self.printerr(err_msg.partition("message=")[2].strip('"'))
+        except Exception:
+            import traceback
+            self.printerr(traceback.format_exc())
+
+        if future:
+            if future.warnings:
+                self.print_warnings(future.warnings)
+
+    def describe_keyspaces(self, rows):
+        """
+        Print the output for a DESCRIBE KEYSPACES query
+        """
+        names = [r['name'] for r in rows]
+
+        print('')
+        cmd.Cmd.columnize(self, names)
+        print('')
+
+    def describe_list(self, rows):
+        """
+        Print the output for all the DESCRIBE queries for element names (e.g DESCRIBE TABLES, DESCRIBE FUNCTIONS ...)
+        """
+        keyspace = None
+        names = list()
+        for row in rows:
+            if row['keyspace_name'] != keyspace:
+                if keyspace is not None:
+                    self.print_keyspace_element_names(keyspace, names)
+
+                keyspace = row['keyspace_name']
+                names = list()
+
+            names.append(str(row['name']))
+
+        if keyspace is not None:
+            self.print_keyspace_element_names(keyspace, names)
+            print('')
+
+    def print_keyspace_element_names(self, keyspace, names):
+        print('')
+        if self.current_keyspace is None:
+            print('Keyspace %s' % (keyspace))
+            print('---------%s' % ('-' * len(keyspace)))
+        cmd.Cmd.columnize(self, names)
+
+    def describe_element(self, rows):
+        """
+        Print the output for all the DESCRIBE queries where an element name as been specified (e.g DESCRIBE TABLE, DESCRIBE INDEX ...)
+        """
+        for row in rows:
+            print('')
+            self.query_out.write(row['create_statement'])
+            print('')
+
+    def describe_cluster(self, rows):
+        """
+        Print the output for a DESCRIBE CLUSTER query.
+
+        If a specified keyspace was in use the returned ResultSet will contains a 'range_ownership' column,
+        otherwise not.
+        """
+        for row in rows:
+            print('\nCluster: %s' % row['cluster'])
+            print('Partitioner: %s' % row['partitioner'])
+            print('Snitch: %s\n' % row['snitch'])
+            if 'range_ownership' in row:
+                print("Range ownership:")
+                for entry in list(row['range_ownership'].items()):
+                    print(' %39s  [%s]' % (entry[0], ', '.join([host for host in entry[1]])))
+                print('')
+
+    def do_copy(self, parsed):
+        r"""
+        COPY [cqlsh only]
+
+          COPY x FROM: Imports CSV data into a Cassandra table
+          COPY x TO: Exports data from a Cassandra table in CSV format.
+
+        COPY <table_name> [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
+             FROM ( '<file_pattern_1, file_pattern_2, ... file_pattern_n>' | STDIN )
+             [ WITH <option>='value' [AND ...] ];
+
+        File patterns are either file names or valid python glob expressions, e.g. *.csv or folder/*.csv.
+
+        COPY <table_name> [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
+             TO ( '<filename>' | STDOUT )
+             [ WITH <option>='value' [AND ...] ];
+
+        Available common COPY options and defaults:
+
+          DELIMITER=','           - character that appears between records
+          QUOTE='"'               - quoting character to be used to quote fields
+          ESCAPE='\'              - character to appear before the QUOTE char when quoted
+          HEADER=false            - whether to ignore the first line
+          NULL=''                 - string that represents a null value
+          DATETIMEFORMAT=         - timestamp strftime format
+            '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%z'   defaults to time_format value in cqlshrc
+          MAXATTEMPTS=5           - the maximum number of attempts per batch or range
+          REPORTFREQUENCY=0.25    - the frequency with which we display status updates in seconds
+          DECIMALSEP='.'          - the separator for decimal values
+          THOUSANDSSEP=''         - the separator for thousands digit groups
+          BOOLSTYLE='True,False'  - the representation for booleans, case insensitive, specify true followed by false,
+                                    for example yes,no or 1,0
+          NUMPROCESSES=n          - the number of worker processes, by default the number of cores minus one
+                                    capped at 16
+          CONFIGFILE=''           - a configuration file with the same format as .cqlshrc (see the Python ConfigParser
+                                    documentation) where you can specify WITH options under the following optional
+                                    sections: [copy], [copy-to], [copy-from], [copy:ks.table], [copy-to:ks.table],
+                                    [copy-from:ks.table], where <ks> is your keyspace name and <table> is your table
+                                    name. Options are read from these sections, in the order specified
+                                    above, and command line options always override options in configuration files.
+                                    Depending on the COPY direction, only the relevant copy-from or copy-to sections
+                                    are used. If no configfile is specified then .cqlshrc is searched instead.
+          RATEFILE=''             - an optional file where to print the output statistics
+
+        Available COPY FROM options and defaults:
+
+          CHUNKSIZE=5000          - the size of chunks passed to worker processes
+          INGESTRATE=100000       - an approximate ingest rate in rows per second
+          MINBATCHSIZE=10         - the minimum size of an import batch
+          MAXBATCHSIZE=20         - the maximum size of an import batch
+          MAXROWS=-1              - the maximum number of rows, -1 means no maximum
+          SKIPROWS=0              - the number of rows to skip
+          SKIPCOLS=''             - a comma separated list of column names to skip
+          MAXPARSEERRORS=-1       - the maximum global number of parsing errors, -1 means no maximum
+          MAXINSERTERRORS=1000    - the maximum global number of insert errors, -1 means no maximum
+          ERRFILE=''              - a file where to store all rows that could not be imported, by default this is
+                                    import_ks_table.err where <ks> is your keyspace and <table> is your table name.
+          PREPAREDSTATEMENTS=True - whether to use prepared statements when importing, by default True. Set this to
+                                    False if you don't mind shifting data parsing to the cluster. The cluster will also
+                                    have to compile every batch statement. For large and oversized clusters
+                                    this will result in a faster import but for smaller clusters it may generate
+                                    timeouts.
+          TTL=3600                - the time to live in seconds, by default data will not expire
+
+        Available COPY TO options and defaults:
+
+          ENCODING='utf8'          - encoding for CSV output
+          PAGESIZE='1000'          - the page size for fetching results
+          PAGETIMEOUT=10           - the page timeout in seconds for fetching results
+          BEGINTOKEN=''            - the minimum token string to consider when exporting data
+          ENDTOKEN=''              - the maximum token string to consider when exporting data
+          MAXREQUESTS=6            - the maximum number of requests each worker process can work on in parallel
+          MAXOUTPUTSIZE='-1'       - the maximum size of the output file measured in number of lines,
+                                     beyond this maximum the output file will be split into segments,
+                                     -1 means unlimited.
+          FLOATPRECISION=5         - the number of digits displayed after the decimal point for cql float values
+          DOUBLEPRECISION=12       - the number of digits displayed after the decimal point for cql double values
+
+        When entering CSV data on STDIN, you can use the sequence "\."
+        on a line by itself to end the data input.
+        """
+
+        ks = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('ksname', None))
+        if ks is None:
+            ks = self.current_keyspace
+            if ks is None:
+                raise NoKeyspaceError("Not in any keyspace.")
+        table = self.cql_unprotect_name(parsed.get_binding('cfname'))
+        columns = parsed.get_binding('colnames', None)
+        if columns is not None:
+            columns = list(map(self.cql_unprotect_name, columns))
+        else:
+            # default to all known columns
+            columns = self.get_column_names(ks, table)
+
+        fname = parsed.get_binding('fname', None)
+        if fname is not None:
+            fname = self.cql_unprotect_value(fname)
+
+        copyoptnames = list(map(str.lower, parsed.get_binding('optnames', ())))
+        copyoptvals = list(map(self.cql_unprotect_value, parsed.get_binding('optvals', ())))
+        opts = dict(list(zip(copyoptnames, copyoptvals)))
+
+        direction = parsed.get_binding('dir').upper()
+        if direction == 'FROM':
+            task = ImportTask(self, ks, table, columns, fname, opts, self.conn.protocol_version, CONFIG_FILE)
+        elif direction == 'TO':
+            task = ExportTask(self, ks, table, columns, fname, opts, self.conn.protocol_version, CONFIG_FILE)
+        else:
+            raise SyntaxError("Unknown direction %s" % direction)
+
+        task.run()
+
+    def do_show(self, parsed):
+        """
+        SHOW [cqlsh only]
+
+          Displays information about the current cqlsh session. Can be called in
+          the following ways:
+
+        SHOW VERSION
+
+          Shows the version and build of the connected Cassandra instance, as
+          well as the version of the CQL spec that the connected Cassandra
+          instance understands.
+
+        SHOW HOST
+
+          Shows where cqlsh is currently connected.
+
+        SHOW SESSION <sessionid>
+
+          Pretty-prints the requested tracing session.
+
+        SHOW REPLICAS <token> (<keyspace>)
+
+          Lists the replica nodes by IP address for the given token. The current
+          keyspace is used if one is not specified.
+        """
+        showwhat = parsed.get_binding('what').lower()
+        if showwhat == 'version':
+            self.get_connection_versions()
+            self.get_scylla_version()
+            self.show_version()
+        elif showwhat == 'host':
+            self.show_host()
+        elif showwhat.startswith('session'):
+            session_id = parsed.get_binding('sessionid').lower()
+            self.show_session(UUID(session_id))
+        elif showwhat.startswith('replicas'):
+            token_id = parsed.get_binding('token')
+            keyspace = parsed.get_binding('keyspace')
+            self.show_replicas(token_id, keyspace)
+        else:
+            self.printerr('Wait, how do I show %r?' % (showwhat,))
+
+    def do_source(self, parsed):
+        """
+        SOURCE [cqlsh only]
+
+        Executes a file containing CQL statements. Gives the output for each
+        statement in turn, if any, or any errors that occur along the way.
+
+        Errors do NOT abort execution of the CQL source file.
+
+        Usage:
+
+          SOURCE '<file>';
+
+        That is, the path to the file to be executed must be given inside a
+        string literal. The path is interpreted relative to the current working
+        directory. The tilde shorthand notation ('~/mydir') is supported for
+        referring to $HOME.
+
+        See also the --file option to cqlsh.
+        """
+        fname = parsed.get_binding('fname')
+        fname = os.path.expanduser(self.cql_unprotect_value(fname))
+        try:
+            encoding, bom_size = get_file_encoding_bomsize(fname)
+            f = codecs.open(fname, 'r', encoding)
+            f.seek(bom_size)
+        except IOError as e:
+            self.printerr('Could not open %r: %s' % (fname, e))
+            return
+        subshell = Shell(self.hostname, self.port, color=self.color,
+                         username=self.username,
+                         encoding=self.encoding, stdin=f, tty=False, use_conn=self.conn,
+                         cqlver=self.cql_version, keyspace=self.current_keyspace,
+                         tracing_enabled=self.tracing_enabled,
+                         display_nanotime_format=self.display_nanotime_format,
+                         display_timestamp_format=self.display_timestamp_format,
+                         display_date_format=self.display_date_format,
+                         display_float_precision=self.display_float_precision,
+                         display_double_precision=self.display_double_precision,
+                         display_timezone=self.display_timezone,
+                         max_trace_wait=self.max_trace_wait, ssl=self.ssl,
+                         request_timeout=self.session.default_timeout,
+                         connect_timeout=self.conn.connect_timeout,
+                         is_subshell=True,
+                         auth_provider=self.auth_provider,
+                         cloudconf=self.cloudconf)
+        # duplicate coverage related settings in subshell
+        if self.coverage:
+            subshell.coverage = True
+            subshell.coveragerc_path = self.coveragerc_path
+        subshell.cmdloop()
+        f.close()
+
+    def do_capture(self, parsed):
+        """
+        CAPTURE [cqlsh only]
+
+        Begins capturing command output and appending it to a specified file.
+        Output will not be shown at the console while it is captured.
+
+        Usage:
+
+          CAPTURE '<file>';
+          CAPTURE OFF;
+          CAPTURE;
+
+        That is, the path to the file to be appended to must be given inside a
+        string literal. The path is interpreted relative to the current working
+        directory. The tilde shorthand notation ('~/mydir') is supported for
+        referring to $HOME.
+
+        Only query result output is captured. Errors and output from cqlsh-only
+        commands will still be shown in the cqlsh session.
+
+        To stop capturing output and show it in the cqlsh session again, use
+        CAPTURE OFF.
+
+        To inspect the current capture configuration, use CAPTURE with no
+        arguments.
+        """
+        fname = parsed.get_binding('fname')
+        if fname is None:
+            if self.shunted_query_out is not None:
+                print("Currently capturing query output to %r." % (self.query_out.name,))
+            else:
+                print("Currently not capturing query output.")
+            return
+
+        if fname.upper() == 'OFF':
+            if self.shunted_query_out is None:
+                self.printerr('Not currently capturing output.')
+                return
+            self.query_out.close()
+            self.query_out = self.shunted_query_out
+            self.color = self.shunted_color
+            self.shunted_query_out = None
+            del self.shunted_color
+            return
+
+        if self.shunted_query_out is not None:
+            self.printerr('Already capturing output to %s. Use CAPTURE OFF'
+                          ' to disable.' % (self.query_out.name,))
+            return
+
+        fname = os.path.expanduser(self.cql_unprotect_value(fname))
+        try:
+            f = open(fname, 'a')
+        except IOError as e:
+            self.printerr('Could not open %r for append: %s' % (fname, e))
+            return
+        self.shunted_query_out = self.query_out
+        self.shunted_color = self.color
+        self.query_out = f
+        self.color = False
+        print('Now capturing query output to %r.' % (fname,))
+
+    def do_tracing(self, parsed):
+        """
+        TRACING [cqlsh]
+
+          Enables or disables request tracing.
+
+        TRACING ON
+
+          Enables tracing for all further requests.
+
+        TRACING OFF
+
+          Disables tracing.
+
+        TRACING
+
+          TRACING with no arguments shows the current tracing status.
+        """
+        self.tracing_enabled = SwitchCommand("TRACING", "Tracing").execute(self.tracing_enabled, parsed, self.printerr)
+
+    def do_expand(self, parsed):
+        """
+        EXPAND [cqlsh]
+
+          Enables or disables expanded (vertical) output.
+
+        EXPAND ON
+
+          Enables expanded (vertical) output.
+
+        EXPAND OFF
+
+          Disables expanded (vertical) output.
+
+        EXPAND
+
+          EXPAND with no arguments shows the current value of expand setting.
+        """
+        self.expand_enabled = SwitchCommand("EXPAND", "Expanded output").execute(self.expand_enabled, parsed, self.printerr)
+
+    def do_consistency(self, parsed):
+        """
+        CONSISTENCY [cqlsh only]
+
+           Overrides default consistency level (default level is ONE).
+
+        CONSISTENCY <level>
+
+           Sets consistency level for future requests.
+
+           Valid consistency levels:
+
+           ANY, ONE, TWO, THREE, QUORUM, ALL, LOCAL_ONE, LOCAL_QUORUM, EACH_QUORUM, SERIAL and LOCAL_SERIAL.
+
+           SERIAL and LOCAL_SERIAL may be used only for SELECTs; will be rejected with updates.
+
+        CONSISTENCY
+
+           CONSISTENCY with no arguments shows the current consistency level.
+        """
+        level = parsed.get_binding('level')
+        if level is None:
+            print('Current consistency level is %s.' % (cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.value_to_name[self.consistency_level]))
+            return
+
+        self.consistency_level = cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.name_to_value[level.upper()]
+        print('Consistency level set to %s.' % (level.upper(),))
+
+    def do_serial(self, parsed):
+        """
+        SERIAL CONSISTENCY [cqlsh only]
+
+           Overrides serial consistency level (default level is SERIAL).
+
+        SERIAL CONSISTENCY <level>
+
+           Sets consistency level for future conditional updates.
+
+           Valid consistency levels:
+
+           SERIAL, LOCAL_SERIAL.
+
+        SERIAL CONSISTENCY
+
+           SERIAL CONSISTENCY with no arguments shows the current consistency level.
+        """
+        level = parsed.get_binding('level')
+        if level is None:
+            print('Current serial consistency level is %s.' % (cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.value_to_name[self.serial_consistency_level]))
+            return
+
+        self.serial_consistency_level = cassandra.ConsistencyLevel.name_to_value[level.upper()]
+        print('Serial consistency level set to %s.' % (level.upper(),))
+
+    def do_login(self, parsed):
+        """
+        LOGIN [cqlsh only]
+
+           Changes login information without requiring restart.
+
+        LOGIN <username> (<password>)
+
+           Login using the specified username. If password is specified, it will be used
+           otherwise, you will be prompted to enter.
+        """
+        username = parsed.get_binding('username')
+        password = parsed.get_binding('password')
+        if password is None:
+            password = getpass.getpass()
+        else:
+            password = password[1:-1]
+
+        auth_provider = PlainTextAuthProvider(username=username, password=password)
+
+        kwargs = {}
+        if self.cloudconf is None:
+            kwargs['contact_points'] = (self.hostname,)
+            kwargs['port'] = self.port
+            kwargs['ssl_context'] = self.conn.ssl_context
+            kwargs['ssl_options'] = self.conn.ssl_options
+        else:
+            kwargs['scylla_cloud'] = self.cloudconf
+
+        conn = Cluster(cql_version=self.conn.cql_version,
+                       protocol_version=self.conn.protocol_version,
+                       auth_provider=auth_provider,
+                       control_connection_timeout=self.conn.connect_timeout,
+                       connect_timeout=self.conn.connect_timeout,
+                       execution_profiles=self.profiles,
+                       **kwargs)
+
+        if self.current_keyspace:
+            session = conn.connect(self.current_keyspace)
+        else:
+            session = conn.connect()
+
+        # Copy session properties
+        session.max_trace_wait = self.session.max_trace_wait
+
+        # Update after we've connected in case we fail to authenticate
+        self.conn = conn
+        self.auth_provider = auth_provider
+        self.username = username
+        self.session = session
+
+    def do_exit(self, parsed=None):
+        """
+        EXIT/QUIT [cqlsh only]
+
+        Exits cqlsh.
+        """
+        self.stop = True
+        if self.owns_connection:
+            self.conn.shutdown()
+    do_quit = do_exit
+
+    def do_clear(self, parsed):
+        """
+        CLEAR/CLS [cqlsh only]
+
+        Clears the console.
+        """
+        subprocess.call('clear', shell=True)
+    do_cls = do_clear
+
+    def do_debug(self, parsed):
+        import pdb
+        pdb.set_trace()
+
+    def get_help_topics(self):
+        topics = [t[3:] for t in dir(self) if t.startswith('do_') and getattr(self, t, None).__doc__]
+        for hide_from_help in ('quit',):
+            topics.remove(hide_from_help)
+        return topics
+
+    def columnize(self, slist, *a, **kw):
+        return cmd.Cmd.columnize(self, sorted([u.upper() for u in slist]), *a, **kw)
+
+    def do_help(self, parsed):
+        """
+        HELP [cqlsh only]
+
+        Gives information about cqlsh commands. To see available topics,
+        enter "HELP" without any arguments. To see help on a topic,
+        use "HELP <topic>".
+        """
+        topics = parsed.get_binding('topic', ())
+        if not topics:
+            shell_topics = [t.upper() for t in self.get_help_topics()]
+            self.print_topics("\nDocumented shell commands:", shell_topics, 15, 80)
+            cql_topics = [t.upper() for t in cqldocs.get_help_topics()]
+            self.print_topics("CQL help topics:", cql_topics, 15, 80)
+            return
+        for t in topics:
+            if t.lower() in self.get_help_topics():
+                doc = getattr(self, 'do_' + t.lower()).__doc__
+                self.stdout.write(doc + "\n")
+            elif t.lower() in cqldocs.get_help_topics():
+                urlpart = cqldocs.get_help_topic(t)
+                if urlpart is not None:
+                    url = "%s#%s" % (CASSANDRA_CQL_HTML, urlpart)
+                    if self.browser is not None:
+                        opened = webbrowser.get(self.browser).open_new_tab(url)
+                    else:
+                        opened = webbrowser.open_new_tab(url)
+                    if not opened:
+                        self.printerr("*** No browser to display CQL help. URL for help topic %s : %s" % (t, url))
+            else:
+                self.printerr("*** No help on %s" % (t,))
+
+    def do_unicode(self, parsed):
+        """
+        Textual input/output
+
+        When control characters, or other characters which can't be encoded
+        in your current locale, are found in values of 'text' or 'ascii'
+        types, it will be shown as a backslash escape. If color is enabled,
+        any such backslash escapes will be shown in a different color from
+        the surrounding text.
+
+        Unicode code points in your data will be output intact, if the
+        encoding for your locale is capable of decoding them. If you prefer
+        that non-ascii characters be shown with Python-style "\\uABCD"
+        escape sequences, invoke cqlsh with an ASCII locale (for example,
+        by setting the $LANG environment variable to "C").
+        """
+
+    def do_paging(self, parsed):
+        """
+        PAGING [cqlsh]
+
+          Enables or disables query paging.
+
+        PAGING ON
+
+          Enables query paging for all further queries.
+
+        PAGING OFF
+
+          Disables paging.
+
+        PAGING
+
+          PAGING with no arguments shows the current query paging status.
+        """
+        (self.use_paging, requested_page_size) = SwitchCommandWithValue(
+            "PAGING", "Query paging", value_type=int).execute(self.use_paging, parsed, self.printerr)
+        if self.use_paging and requested_page_size is not None:
+            self.page_size = requested_page_size
+        if self.use_paging:
+            print(("Page size: {}".format(self.page_size)))
+        else:
+            self.page_size = self.default_page_size
+
+    def applycolor(self, text, color=None):
+        if not color or not self.color:
+            return text
+        return color + text + ANSI_RESET
+
+    def writeresult(self, text, color=None, newline=True, out=None):
+        if out is None:
+            out = self.query_out
+
+        # convert Exceptions, etc to text
+        if not isinstance(text, str):
+            text = str(text)
+
+        to_write = self.applycolor(text, color) + ('\n' if newline else '')
+        out.write(to_write)
+
+    def flush_output(self):
+        self.query_out.flush()
+
+    def printerr(self, text, color=RED, newline=True, shownum=None):
+        self.statement_error = True
+        if shownum is None:
+            shownum = self.show_line_nums
+        if shownum:
+            text = '%s:%d:%s' % (self.stdin.name, self.lineno, text)
+        self.writeresult(text, color, newline=newline, out=sys.stderr)
+
+    def printwarn(self, text, color=YELLOW, newline=True, shownum=None):
+        if shownum is None:
+            shownum = self.show_line_nums
+        if shownum:
+            text = '%s:%d:%s' % (self.stdin.name, self.lineno, text)
+        self.writeresult(text, color, newline=newline, out=sys.stderr)
+
+    def stop_coverage(self):
+        if self.coverage and self.cov is not None:
+            self.cov.stop()
+            self.cov.save()
+            self.cov = None
+
+
+class SwitchCommand(object):
+    command = None
+    description = None
+
+    def __init__(self, command, desc):
+        self.command = command
+        self.description = desc
+
+    def execute(self, state, parsed, printerr):
+        switch = parsed.get_binding('switch')
+        if switch is None:
+            if state:
+                print("%s is currently enabled. Use %s OFF to disable"
+                      % (self.description, self.command))
+            else:
+                print("%s is currently disabled. Use %s ON to enable."
+                      % (self.description, self.command))
+            return state
+
+        if switch.upper() == 'ON':
+            if state:
+                printerr('%s is already enabled. Use %s OFF to disable.'
+                         % (self.description, self.command))
+                return state
+            print('Now %s is enabled' % (self.description,))
+            return True
+
+        if switch.upper() == 'OFF':
+            if not state:
+                printerr('%s is not enabled.' % (self.description,))
+                return state
+            print('Disabled %s.' % (self.description,))
+            return False
+
+
+class SwitchCommandWithValue(SwitchCommand):
+    """The same as SwitchCommand except it also accepts a value in place of ON.
+
+    This returns a tuple of the form: (SWITCH_VALUE, PASSED_VALUE)
+    eg: PAGING 50 returns (True, 50)
+        PAGING OFF returns (False, None)
+        PAGING ON returns (True, None)
+
+    The value_type must match for the PASSED_VALUE, otherwise it will return None.
+    """
+    def __init__(self, command, desc, value_type=int):
+        SwitchCommand.__init__(self, command, desc)
+        self.value_type = value_type
+
+    def execute(self, state, parsed, printerr):
+        binary_switch_value = SwitchCommand.execute(self, state, parsed, printerr)
+        switch = parsed.get_binding('switch')
+        try:
+            value = self.value_type(switch)
+            binary_switch_value = True
+        except (ValueError, TypeError):
+            value = None
+        return binary_switch_value, value
+
+
+def option_with_default(cparser_getter, section, option, default=None):
+    try:
+        return cparser_getter(section, option)
+    except configparser.Error:
+        return default
+
+
+def raw_option_with_default(configs, section, option, default=None):
+    """
+    Same (almost) as option_with_default() but won't do any string interpolation.
+    Useful for config values that include '%' symbol, e.g. time format string.
+    """
+    try:
+        return configs.get(section, option, raw=True)
+    except configparser.Error:
+        return default
+
+
+def should_use_color():
+    if not sys.stdout.isatty():
+        return False
+    if os.environ.get('TERM', '') in ('dumb', ''):
+        return False
+    try:
+        p = subprocess.Popen(['tput', 'colors'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+        stdout, _ = p.communicate()
+        if int(stdout.strip()) < 8:
+            return False
+    except (OSError, ImportError, ValueError):
+        # oh well, we tried. at least we know there's a $TERM and it's
+        # not "dumb".
+        pass
+    return True
+
+
+def read_options(cmdlineargs, environment):
+    configs = configparser.ConfigParser()
+    configs.read(CONFIG_FILE)
+
+    rawconfigs = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+    rawconfigs.read(CONFIG_FILE)
+
+    username_from_cqlshrc = option_with_default(configs.get, 'authentication', 'username')
+    password_from_cqlshrc = option_with_default(rawconfigs.get, 'authentication', 'password')
+    if username_from_cqlshrc or password_from_cqlshrc:
+        if password_from_cqlshrc and not is_file_secure(os.path.expanduser(CONFIG_FILE)):
+            print("\nWarning: Password is found in an insecure cqlshrc file. The file is owned or readable by other users on the system.",
+                  end='', file=sys.stderr)
+        print("\nNotice: Credentials in the cqlshrc file is deprecated and will be ignored in the future."
+              "\nPlease use a credentials file to specify the username and password.\n"
+              "\nTo use basic authentication, place the username and password in the [PlainTextAuthProvider] section of the credentials file.\n", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    optvalues = optparse.Values()
+
+    optvalues.username = None
+    optvalues.password = None
+    optvalues.credentials = os.path.expanduser(option_with_default(configs.get, 'authentication', 'credentials',
+                                                                   os.path.join(CQL_DIR, 'credentials')))
+    optvalues.keyspace = option_with_default(configs.get, 'authentication', 'keyspace')
+    optvalues.browser = option_with_default(configs.get, 'ui', 'browser', None)
+    optvalues.completekey = option_with_default(configs.get, 'ui', 'completekey',
+                                                DEFAULT_COMPLETEKEY)
+    optvalues.color = option_with_default(configs.getboolean, 'ui', 'color')
+    optvalues.time_format = raw_option_with_default(configs, 'ui', 'time_format',
+                                                    DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT)
+    optvalues.nanotime_format = raw_option_with_default(configs, 'ui', 'nanotime_format',
+                                                        DEFAULT_NANOTIME_FORMAT)
+    optvalues.date_format = raw_option_with_default(configs, 'ui', 'date_format',
+                                                    DEFAULT_DATE_FORMAT)
+    optvalues.float_precision = option_with_default(configs.getint, 'ui', 'float_precision',
+                                                    DEFAULT_FLOAT_PRECISION)
+    optvalues.double_precision = option_with_default(configs.getint, 'ui', 'double_precision',
+                                                     DEFAULT_DOUBLE_PRECISION)
+    optvalues.field_size_limit = option_with_default(configs.getint, 'csv', 'field_size_limit', csv.field_size_limit())
+    optvalues.max_trace_wait = option_with_default(configs.getfloat, 'tracing', 'max_trace_wait',
+                                                   DEFAULT_MAX_TRACE_WAIT)
+    optvalues.timezone = option_with_default(configs.get, 'ui', 'timezone', None)
+
+    optvalues.debug = False
+
+    optvalues.coverage = False
+    if 'CQLSH_COVERAGE' in environment.keys():
+        optvalues.coverage = True
+
+    optvalues.file = None
+    optvalues.ssl = option_with_default(configs.getboolean, 'connection', 'ssl', DEFAULT_SSL)
+    optvalues.encoding = option_with_default(configs.get, 'ui', 'encoding', UTF8)
+
+    optvalues.tty = option_with_default(configs.getboolean, 'ui', 'tty', sys.stdin.isatty())
+    optvalues.protocol_version = option_with_default(configs.getint, 'protocol', 'version', 4)
+    optvalues.cqlversion = option_with_default(configs.get, 'cql', 'version', None)
+    optvalues.connect_timeout = option_with_default(configs.getint, 'connection', 'timeout', DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+    optvalues.request_timeout = option_with_default(configs.getint, 'connection', 'request_timeout', DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
+    optvalues.execute = None
+    optvalues.insecure_password_without_warning = False
+    optvalues.cloudconf = option_with_default(configs.getboolean, 'connection', 'cloudconf', None)
+
+    (options, arguments) = parser.parse_args(cmdlineargs, values=optvalues)
+
+    # Credentials from cqlshrc will be expanded,
+    # credentials from the command line are also expanded if there is a space...
+    # we need the following so that these two scenarios will work
+    #   cqlsh --credentials=~/.cassandra/creds
+    #   cqlsh --credentials ~/.cassandra/creds
+    options.credentials = os.path.expanduser(options.credentials)
+
+    if not is_file_secure(options.credentials):
+        print("\nWarning: Credentials file '{0}' exists but is not used, because:"
+              "\n  a. the file owner is not the current user; or"
+              "\n  b. the file is readable by group or other."
+              "\nPlease ensure the file is owned by the current user and is not readable by group or other."
+              "\nOn a Linux or UNIX-like system, you often can do this by using the `chown` and `chmod` commands:"
+              "\n  chown YOUR_USERNAME credentials"
+              "\n  chmod 600 credentials\n".format(options.credentials),
+              file=sys.stderr)
+        options.credentials = ''  # ConfigParser.read() will ignore unreadable files
+
+    if not options.username:
+        credentials = configparser.ConfigParser()
+        credentials.read(options.credentials)
+
+        # use the username from credentials file but fallback to cqlshrc if username is absent from the command line parameters
+        options.username = option_with_default(credentials.get, 'plain_text_auth', 'username', username_from_cqlshrc)
+
+    if not options.password:
+        rawcredentials = configparser.RawConfigParser()
+        rawcredentials.read(options.credentials)
+
+        # handling password in the same way as username, priority cli > credentials > cqlshrc
+        options.password = option_with_default(rawcredentials.get, 'plain_text_auth', 'password', password_from_cqlshrc)
+    elif not options.insecure_password_without_warning:
+        print("\nWarning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure."
+              "\nRecommendation: use the credentials file to securely provide the password.\n", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    # Make sure some user values read from the command line are in unicode
+    options.execute = maybe_ensure_text(options.execute)
+    options.username = maybe_ensure_text(options.username)
+    options.password = maybe_ensure_text(options.password)
+    options.keyspace = maybe_ensure_text(options.keyspace)
+
+    if options.cloudconf is not None:
+        if len(arguments) > 0:
+            parser.error("Cannot use --cloudconf with hostname or port")
+        if options.ssl:
+            parser.error("Cannot use --cloudconf with --ssl. Cloud connection encryption parameters are provided by cloud config bundle.")
+
+
+    hostname = option_with_default(configs.get, 'connection', 'hostname', DEFAULT_HOST)
+    port = option_with_default(configs.get, 'connection', 'port', DEFAULT_PORT)
+
+    try:
+        options.connect_timeout = int(options.connect_timeout)
+    except ValueError:
+        parser.error('"%s" is not a valid connect timeout.' % (options.connect_timeout,))
+        options.connect_timeout = DEFAULT_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS
+
+    try:
+        options.request_timeout = int(options.request_timeout)
+    except ValueError:
+        parser.error('"%s" is not a valid request timeout.' % (options.request_timeout,))
+        options.request_timeout = DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SECONDS
+
+    hostname = environment.get('CQLSH_HOST', hostname)
+    port = environment.get('CQLSH_PORT', port)
+
+    if len(arguments) > 0:
+        hostname = arguments[0]
+    if len(arguments) > 1:
+        port = arguments[1]
+
+    if options.file or options.execute:
+        options.tty = False
+
+    if options.execute and not options.execute.endswith(';'):
+        options.execute += ';'
+
+    if optvalues.color in (True, False):
+        options.color = optvalues.color
+    else:
+        if options.file is not None:
+            options.color = False
+        else:
+            options.color = should_use_color()
+
+    if options.cqlversion is not None:
+        options.cqlversion, cqlvertup = full_cql_version(options.cqlversion)
+        if cqlvertup[0] < 3:
+            parser.error('%r is not a supported CQL version.' % options.cqlversion)
+    options.cqlmodule = cql3handling
+
+    try:
+        port = int(port)
+    except ValueError:
+        parser.error('%r is not a valid port number.' % port)
+    return options, hostname, port
+
+
+def setup_cqlruleset(cqlmodule):
+    global cqlruleset
+    cqlruleset = cqlmodule.CqlRuleSet
+    cqlruleset.append_rules(cqlshhandling.cqlsh_extra_syntax_rules)
+    for rulename, termname, func in cqlshhandling.cqlsh_syntax_completers:
+        cqlruleset.completer_for(rulename, termname)(func)
+    cqlruleset.commands_end_with_newline.update(cqlshhandling.my_commands_ending_with_newline)
+
+
+def setup_cqldocs(cqlmodule):
+    global cqldocs
+    cqldocs = cqlmodule.cqldocs
+
+
+def init_history():
+    if readline is not None:
+        try:
+            readline.read_history_file(HISTORY)
+        except IOError:
+            pass
+        delims = readline.get_completer_delims()
+        delims.replace("'", "")
+        delims += '.'
+        readline.set_completer_delims(delims)
+
+
+def save_history():
+    if readline is not None:
+        try:
+            readline.write_history_file(HISTORY)
+        except IOError:
+            pass
+
+
+def main(options, hostname, port):
+    setup_cqlruleset(options.cqlmodule)
+    setup_cqldocs(options.cqlmodule)
+    init_history()
+    csv.field_size_limit(options.field_size_limit)
+
+    if options.file is None:
+        stdin = None
+    else:
+        try:
+            encoding, bom_size = get_file_encoding_bomsize(options.file)
+            stdin = codecs.open(options.file, 'r', encoding)
+            stdin.seek(bom_size)
+        except IOError as e:
+            sys.exit("Can't open %r: %s" % (options.file, e))
+
+    if options.debug:
+        sys.stderr.write("Using CQL driver: %s\n" % (cassandra,))
+        sys.stderr.write("Using connect timeout: %s seconds\n" % (options.connect_timeout,))
+        sys.stderr.write("Using '%s' encoding\n" % (options.encoding,))
+        sys.stderr.write("Using ssl: %s\n" % (options.ssl,))
+        sys.stderr.write("Using cloudconf: %s\n" % (options.cloudconf,))
+
+    # create timezone based on settings, environment or auto-detection
+    timezone = None
+    if options.timezone or 'TZ' in os.environ:
+        try:
+            import pytz
+            if options.timezone:
+                try:
+                    timezone = pytz.timezone(options.timezone)
+                except Exception:
+                    sys.stderr.write("Warning: could not recognize timezone '%s' specified in cqlshrc\n\n" % (options.timezone))
+            if 'TZ' in os.environ:
+                try:
+                    timezone = pytz.timezone(os.environ['TZ'])
+                except Exception:
+                    sys.stderr.write("Warning: could not recognize timezone '%s' from environment value TZ\n\n" % (os.environ['TZ']))
+        except ImportError:
+            sys.stderr.write("Warning: Timezone defined and 'pytz' module for timezone conversion not installed. Timestamps will be displayed in UTC timezone.\n\n")
+
+    # try auto-detect timezone if tzlocal is installed
+    if not timezone:
+        try:
+            from tzlocal import get_localzone
+            timezone = get_localzone()
+        except ImportError:
+            # we silently ignore and fallback to UTC unless a custom timestamp format (which likely
+            # does contain a TZ part) was specified
+            if options.time_format != DEFAULT_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT:
+                sys.stderr.write("Warning: custom timestamp format specified in cqlshrc, "
+                                 + "but local timezone could not be detected.\n"
+                                 + "Either install Python 'tzlocal' module for auto-detection "
+                                 + "or specify client timezone in your cqlshrc.\n\n")
+
+    try:
+        shell = Shell(hostname,
+                      port,
+                      color=options.color,
+                      username=options.username,
+                      stdin=stdin,
+                      tty=options.tty,
+                      completekey=options.completekey,
+                      browser=options.browser,
+                      protocol_version=options.protocol_version,
+                      cqlver=options.cqlversion,
+                      keyspace=options.keyspace,
+                      display_timestamp_format=options.time_format,
+                      display_nanotime_format=options.nanotime_format,
+                      display_date_format=options.date_format,
+                      display_float_precision=options.float_precision,
+                      display_double_precision=options.double_precision,
+                      display_timezone=timezone,
+                      max_trace_wait=options.max_trace_wait,
+                      ssl=options.ssl,
+                      single_statement=options.execute,
+                      request_timeout=options.request_timeout,
+                      connect_timeout=options.connect_timeout,
+                      encoding=options.encoding,
+                      auth_provider=authproviderhandling.load_auth_provider(
+                          config_file=CONFIG_FILE,
+                          cred_file=options.credentials,
+                          username=options.username,
+                          password=options.password),
+                      cloudconf=options.cloudconf)
+    except KeyboardInterrupt:
+        sys.exit('Connection aborted.')
+    except CQL_ERRORS as e:
+        sys.exit('Connection error: %s' % (e,))
+    except VersionNotSupported as e:
+        sys.exit('Unsupported CQL version: %s' % (e,))
+    if options.debug:
+        shell.debug = True
+    if options.coverage:
+        shell.coverage = True
+        import signal
+
+        def handle_sighup():
+            shell.stop_coverage()
+            shell.do_exit()
+
+        signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, handle_sighup)
+
+    shell.cmdloop()
+    save_history()
+
+    if shell.batch_mode and shell.statement_error:
+        sys.exit(2)
+
+
+# always call this regardless of module name: when a sub-process is spawned
+# on Windows then the module name is not __main__, see CASSANDRA-9304 (Windows support was dropped in CASSANDRA-16956)
+insert_driver_hooks()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(*read_options(sys.argv[1:], os.environ))
+
+# vim: set ft=python et ts=4 sw=4 :