scipy 1.16.0rc2__cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl → 1.16.2__cp311-cp311-musllinux_1_2_aarch64.whl

scipy/optimize/_lsq/least_squares.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ from .trf import trf
 from .dogbox import dogbox
 from .common import EPS, in_bounds, make_strictly_feasible
 
-    
+
 from scipy.optimize._optimize import _wrap_callback
 
 TERMINATION_MESSAGES = {
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ def least_squares(
 
         * For 'trf'    : ``x_scale == 1``
         * For 'dogbox' : ``x_scale == 1``
-        * For 'jac'    : ``x_scale == 'jac'``
+        * For 'lm'     : ``x_scale == 'jac'``
 
         .. versionchanged:: 1.16.0
             The default keyword value is changed from 1 to None to indicate that

scipy/optimize/_minimize.py

@@ -188,7 +188,6 @@ def minimize(fun, x0, args=(), method=None, jac=None, hess=None,
 
         Equality constraint means that the constraint function result is to
         be zero whereas inequality means that it is to be non-negative.
-        Note that COBYLA only supports inequality constraints.
 
     tol : float, optional
         Tolerance for termination. When `tol` is specified, the selected

scipy/optimize/_shgo_lib/_complex.py

@@ -183,6 +183,7 @@ class Complex:
             self.V = VertexCacheIndex()
 
         self.V_non_symm = []  # List of non-symmetric vertices
+        self.split_edge = cache(self._split_edge)
 
     def __call__(self):
         return self.H
@@ -995,8 +996,7 @@ class Complex:
                 d_v0v1.connect(d_v1v2)
         return
 
-    @cache
-    def split_edge(self, v1, v2):
+    def _split_edge(self, v1, v2):
         v1 = self.V[v1]
         v2 = self.V[v2]
         # Destroy original edge, if it exists:

scipy/optimize/_slsqp_py.py

@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ def _minimize_slsqp(func, x0, args=(), jac=None, bounds=None,
     disp : bool
         Set to True to print convergence messages. If False,
         `verbosity` is ignored and set to 0.
-    maxiter : int
-        Maximum number of iterations.
+    maxiter : int, optional
+        Maximum number of iterations. Default value is 100.
     finite_diff_rel_step : None or array_like, optional
         If ``jac in ['2-point', '3-point', 'cs']`` the relative step size to
         use for numerical approximation of `jac`. The absolute step
@@ -268,8 +268,8 @@ def _minimize_slsqp(func, x0, args=(), jac=None, bounds=None,
     attribute as a NumPy array. Denoting the dimension of the equality constraints
     with ``meq``, and of inequality constraints with ``mineq``, then the returned
     array slice ``m[:meq]`` contains the multipliers for the equality constraints,
-    and the remaining ``m[meq:meq + mineq]`` contains the multipliers for the 
-    inequality constraints. The multipliers corresponding to bound inequalities 
+    and the remaining ``m[meq:meq + mineq]`` contains the multipliers for the
+    inequality constraints. The multipliers corresponding to bound inequalities
     are not returned. See [1]_ pp. 321 or [2]_ for an explanation of how to interpret
     these multipliers. The internal QP problem is solved using the methods given
     in [3]_ Chapter 25.
@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ def _minimize_slsqp(func, x0, args=(), jac=None, bounds=None,
         "inconsistent": 0,
         "reset": 0,
         "iter": 0,
-        "itermax": maxiter,
+        "itermax": int(maxiter),
         "line": 0,
         "m": m,
         "meq": meq,

scipy/optimize/tests/test_optimize.py

@@ -1126,7 +1126,7 @@ class TestOptimizeSimple(CheckOptimize):
 
     def test_minimize_l_bfgs_b(self):
         # Minimize with L-BFGS-B method
-        opts = {'disp': False, 'maxiter': self.maxiter}
+        opts = {'maxiter': self.maxiter}
         r = optimize.minimize(self.func, self.startparams,
                               method='L-BFGS-B', jac=self.grad,
                               options=opts)
@@ -1156,7 +1156,7 @@ class TestOptimizeSimple(CheckOptimize):
         # Check that the `ftol` parameter in l_bfgs_b works as expected
         v0 = None
         for tol in [1e-1, 1e-4, 1e-7, 1e-10]:
-            opts = {'disp': False, 'maxiter': self.maxiter, 'ftol': tol}
+            opts = {'maxiter': self.maxiter, 'ftol': tol}
             sol = optimize.minimize(self.func, self.startparams,
                                     method='L-BFGS-B', jac=self.grad,
                                     options=opts)
@@ -1173,7 +1173,7 @@ class TestOptimizeSimple(CheckOptimize):
         # check that the maxls is passed down to the Fortran routine
         sol = optimize.minimize(optimize.rosen, np.array([-1.2, 1.0]),
                                 method='L-BFGS-B', jac=optimize.rosen_der,
-                                options={'disp': False, 'maxls': 1})
+                                options={'maxls': 1})
         assert not sol.success
 
     def test_minimize_l_bfgs_b_maxfun_interruption(self):
@@ -3167,6 +3167,15 @@ def test_bounds_with_list():
     )
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('method', (
+    'slsqp', 'cg', 'cobyqa', 'powell','nelder-mead', 'bfgs', 'l-bfgs-b',
+    'trust-constr'))
+def test_minimize_maxiter_noninteger(method):
+    # Regression test for gh-23430
+    x0 = np.array([1.3, 0.7, 0.8, 1.9, 1.2])
+    optimize.minimize(rosen, x0, method=method, options={'maxiter': 100.1})
+
+
 def test_x_overwritten_user_function():
     # if the user overwrites the x-array in the user function it's likely
     # that the minimizer stops working properly.

scipy/signal/_filter_design.py

@@ -60,6 +60,17 @@ def _is_int_type(x):
         return True
 
 
+def _real_dtype_for_complex(dtyp, *, xp):
+    if xp.isdtype(dtyp, 'real floating'):
+        return dtyp
+    if dtyp == xp.complex64:
+        return xp.float32
+    elif dtyp == xp.complex128:
+        return xp.float64
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown dtype {dtyp}.")
+
+
 # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/blob/v2.2.0/numpy/_core/function_base.py#L195-L302
 def _logspace(start, stop, num=50, endpoint=True, base=10.0, dtype=None, *, xp):
     if not isinstance(base, float | int) and xp.asarray(base).ndim > 0:
@@ -488,6 +499,7 @@ def freqz(b, a=1, worN=512, whole=False, plot=None, fs=2*pi,
     if xp.isdtype(a.dtype, 'integral'):
         a = xp.astype(a, xp_default_dtype(xp))
     res_dtype = xp.result_type(b, a)
+    real_dtype = _real_dtype_for_complex(res_dtype, xp=xp)
 
     b = xpx.atleast_nd(b, ndim=1, xp=xp)
     a = xpx.atleast_nd(a, ndim=1, xp=xp)
@@ -509,7 +521,7 @@ def freqz(b, a=1, worN=512, whole=False, plot=None, fs=2*pi,
         # if include_nyquist is true and whole is false, w should
         # include end point
         w = xp.linspace(0, lastpoint, N,
-                        endpoint=include_nyquist and not whole, dtype=res_dtype)
+                        endpoint=include_nyquist and not whole, dtype=real_dtype)
         n_fft = N if whole else 2 * (N - 1) if include_nyquist else 2 * N
         if (xp_size(a) == 1 and (b.ndim == 1 or (b.shape[-1] == 1))
                 and n_fft >= b.shape[0]

scipy/signal/_fir_filter_design.py

@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ def remez(numtaps, bands, desired, *, weight=None, type='bandpass',
     xp = array_namespace(bands, desired, weight)
     bands = np.asarray(bands)
     desired = np.asarray(desired)
-    if weight:
+    if weight is not None:
         weight = np.asarray(weight)
 
     fs = _validate_fs(fs, allow_none=True)

scipy/signal/_polyutils.py

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def poly(seq_of_zeros, *, xp):
     if xp.isdtype(a.dtype, 'complex floating'):
         # if complex roots are all complex conjugates, the roots are real.
         roots = xp.asarray(seq_of_zeros, dtype=xp.complex128)
-        if xp.all(_sort_cmplx(roots, xp) == _sort_cmplx(xp.conj(roots), xp)):
+        if xp.all(xp.sort(xp.imag(roots)) == xp.sort(xp.imag(xp.conj(roots)))):
             a = xp.asarray(xp.real(a), copy=True)
 
     return a

scipy/signal/_short_time_fft.py

@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 """Implementation of an FFT-based Short-time Fourier Transform. """
 
-# Implementation Notes for this file (as of 2023-07)
+# Implementation Notes for this file (as of 2025-08)
 # --------------------------------------------------
-# * MyPy version 1.1.1 does not seem to support decorated property methods
-#   properly. Hence, applying ``@property`` to methods decorated with `@cache``
-#   (as tried with the ``lower_border_end`` method) causes a mypy error when
-#   accessing it as an index (e.g., ``SFT.lower_border_end[0]``).
 # * Since the method `stft` and `istft` have identical names as the legacy
 #   functions in the signal module, referencing them as HTML link in the
 #   docstrings has to be done by an explicit `~ShortTimeFFT.stft` instead of an
@@ -17,10 +13,9 @@
 #   (currently 0.9). Consult Issue 18512 and PR 16660 for further details.
 
 
-# Provides typing union operator ``|`` in Python 3.9:
 # Linter does not allow to import ``Generator`` from ``typing`` module:
 from collections.abc import Generator, Callable
-from functools import cache, lru_cache, partial
+from functools import partial, cached_property
 from typing import get_args, Literal
 
 import numpy as np
@@ -419,6 +414,15 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
     _fac_mag: float | None = None
     _fac_psd: float | None = None
     _lower_border_end: tuple[int, int] | None = None
+    # The following tuples store parameter(s) and return value(s) of methods for caching
+    # (initialized with invalid parameters; should only be accessed by atomic
+    # read/writes to alleviate potential multithreading issues):
+    _cache_post_padding: tuple[int, tuple[int, int]] = -1, (0, 0)
+    _cache_upper_border_begin: tuple[int, tuple[int, int]] = -1, (0, 0)
+    _cache_t: tuple[tuple[int, int | None, int | None, int, float], np.ndarray] = \
+        (-1, None, None, 0, 0.), np.ndarray([])
+    _cache_f: tuple[tuple[FFT_MODE_TYPE, int, float], np.ndarray] = \
+        ('onesided', -1, 1.), np.ndarray([])
 
     def __init__(self, win: np.ndarray, hop: int, fs: float, *,
                  fft_mode: FFT_MODE_TYPE = 'onesided',
@@ -1607,7 +1611,7 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         """
         return self.m_num // 2
 
-    @cache
+    @cached_property
     def _pre_padding(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         """Smallest signal index and slice index due to padding.
 
@@ -1617,13 +1621,12 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         w2 = self.win.real**2 + self.win.imag**2
         # move window to the left until the overlap with t >= 0 vanishes:
         n0 = -self.m_num_mid
-        for q_, n_ in enumerate(range(n0, n0-self.m_num-1, -self.hop)):
+        for p_, n_ in enumerate(range(n0, n0-self.m_num-1, -self.hop)):
             n_next = n_ - self.hop
             if n_next + self.m_num <= 0 or all(w2[n_next:] == 0):
-                return n_, -q_
-        raise RuntimeError("This is code line should not have been reached!")
-        # If this case is reached, it probably means the first slice should be
-        # returned, i.e.: return n0, 0
+                return n_, -p_
+        # Make the linter happy:
+        raise RuntimeError("This code line should never run! Please file a bug.")
 
     @property
     def k_min(self) -> int:
@@ -1646,7 +1649,7 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         upper_border_begin: Where post-padding effects start.
         ShortTimeFFT: Class this property belongs to.
         """
-        return self._pre_padding()[0]
+        return self._pre_padding[0]
 
     @property
     def p_min(self) -> int:
@@ -1671,9 +1674,8 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         p_range: Determine and validate slice index range.
         ShortTimeFFT: Class this property belongs to.
         """
-        return self._pre_padding()[1]
+        return self._pre_padding[1]
 
-    @lru_cache(maxsize=256)
     def _post_padding(self, n: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
         """Largest signal index and slice index due to padding.
 
@@ -1681,9 +1683,17 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         ----------
         n : int
             Number of samples of input signal (must be ≥ half of the window length).
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Note that the return values are cached together with the parameter `n` to avoid
+        unnecessary recalculations.
         """
         if not (n >= (m2p := self.m_num - self.m_num_mid)):
             raise ValueError(f"Parameter n must be >= ceil(m_num/2) = {m2p}!")
+        last_arg, last_return_value = self._cache_post_padding
+        if n == last_arg:  # use cached value:
+            return last_return_value
         w2 = self.win.real**2 + self.win.imag**2
         # move window to the right until the overlap for t < t[n] vanishes:
         q1 = n // self.hop   # last slice index with t[p1] <= t[n]
@@ -1691,15 +1701,17 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         for q_, k_ in enumerate(range(k1, n+self.m_num, self.hop), start=q1):
             n_next = k_ + self.hop
             if n_next >= n or all(w2[:n-n_next] == 0):
-                return k_ + self.m_num, q_ + 1
-        raise RuntimeError("This is code line should not have been reached!")
+                return_value = k_ + self.m_num, q_ + 1
+                self._cache_post_padding = n, return_value
+                return return_value
+        raise RuntimeError("This code line should never run! Please file a bug.")
         # If this case is reached, it probably means the last slice should be
         # returned, i.e.: return k1 + self.m_num - self.m_num_mid, q1 + 1
 
     def k_max(self, n: int) -> int:
         """First sample index after signal end not touched by a time slice.
 
-        `k_max` - 1 is the largest sample index of the slice `p_max` for a
+        `k_max` - 1 is the largest sample index of the slice `p_max` - 1 for a
         given input signal of `n` samples.
         A detailed example is provided in the :ref:`tutorial_stft_sliding_win`
         section of the :ref:`user_guide`.
@@ -1785,7 +1797,6 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         upper_border_begin: Where post-padding effects start.
         ShortTimeFFT: Class this property belongs to.
         """
-        # not using @cache decorator due to MyPy limitations
         if self._lower_border_end is not None:
             return self._lower_border_end
 
@@ -1801,7 +1812,6 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         self._lower_border_end = (0, max(self.p_min, 0))  # ends at first slice
         return self._lower_border_end
 
-    @lru_cache(maxsize=256)
     def upper_border_begin(self, n: int) -> tuple[int, int]:
         """First signal index and first slice index affected by post-padding.
 
@@ -1823,6 +1833,11 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         p_ub : int
             Lowest index of time slice of which the end sticks out past the signal end.
 
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Note that the return values are cached together with the parameter `n` to avoid
+        unnecessary recalculations.
+
         See Also
         --------
         k_min: The smallest possible signal index.
@@ -1836,6 +1851,9 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         """
         if not (n >= (m2p := self.m_num - self.m_num_mid)):
             raise ValueError(f"Parameter n must be >= ceil(m_num/2) = {m2p}!")
+        last_arg, last_return_value = self._cache_upper_border_begin
+        if n == last_arg:  # use cached value:
+            return last_return_value
         w2 = self.win.real**2 + self.win.imag**2
         q2 = n // self.hop + 1  # first t[q] >= t[n]
         q1 = max((n-self.m_num) // self.hop - 1, -1)
@@ -1843,8 +1861,11 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         for q_ in range(q2, q1, -1):
             k_ = q_ * self.hop + (self.m_num - self.m_num_mid)
             if k_ <= n or all(w2[n-k_:] == 0):
-                return (q_ + 1) * self.hop - self.m_num_mid, q_ + 1
-        return 0, 0  # border starts at first slice
+                return_value = (q_ + 1) * self.hop - self.m_num_mid, q_ + 1
+                self. _cache_upper_border_begin = n, return_value
+                return return_value
+        # make linter happy:
+        raise RuntimeError("This code line should never run! Please file a bug.")
 
     @property
     def delta_t(self) -> float:
@@ -1912,7 +1933,6 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
                              f"does not hold for signal length {n=}!")
         return p0_, p1_
 
-    @lru_cache(maxsize=1)
     def t(self, n: int, p0: int | None = None, p1: int | None = None,
           k_offset: int = 0) -> np.ndarray:
         """Times of STFT for an input signal with `n` samples.
@@ -1934,6 +1954,10 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         k_offset
             Index of first sample (t = 0) in `x`.
 
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Note that the returned array is cached together with the method's call
+        parameters to avoid unnecessary recalculations.
 
         See Also
         --------
@@ -1944,8 +1968,18 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         fs: Sampling frequency (being ``1/T``)
         ShortTimeFFT: Class this method belongs to.
         """
+        if not (n > 0 and isinstance(n, int | np.integer)):
+            raise ValueError(f"Parameter {n=} is not a positive integer!")
+        args = n, p0, p1, k_offset, self.T  # since `self.T` is mutable, it's needed too
+        last_args, last_return_value = self._cache_t
+        if args == last_args:  # use cached value:
+            return last_return_value
+
         p0, p1 = self.p_range(n, p0, p1)
-        return np.arange(p0, p1) * self.delta_t + k_offset * self.T
+        return_value = np.arange(p0, p1) * self.delta_t + k_offset * self.T
+
+        self._cache_t = args, return_value
+        return return_value
 
     def nearest_k_p(self, k: int, left: bool = True) -> int:
         """Return nearest sample index k_p for which t[k_p] == t[p] holds.
@@ -2022,6 +2056,7 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         """Frequencies values of the STFT.
 
         A 1d array of length `f_pts` with `delta_f` spaced entries is returned.
+        This array is calculated lazily.
 
         See Also
         --------
@@ -2030,15 +2065,22 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
         mfft: Length of the input for FFT used.
         ShortTimeFFT: Class this property belongs to.
         """
+        last_state, last_return_value = self._cache_f
+        current_state = self.fft_mode, self.mfft, self.T
+        if current_state == last_state:  # use cached value:
+            return last_return_value
+
         if self.fft_mode in {'onesided', 'onesided2X'}:
-            return fft_lib.rfftfreq(self.mfft, self.T)
+            return_value = fft_lib.rfftfreq(self.mfft, self.T)
         elif self.fft_mode == 'twosided':
-            return fft_lib.fftfreq(self.mfft, self.T)
+            return_value = fft_lib.fftfreq(self.mfft, self.T)
         elif self.fft_mode == 'centered':
-            return fft_lib.fftshift(fft_lib.fftfreq(self.mfft, self.T))
-        # This should never happen but makes the Linters happy:
-        fft_modes = get_args(FFT_MODE_TYPE)
-        raise RuntimeError(f"{self.fft_mode=} not in {fft_modes}!")
+            return_value = fft_lib.fftshift(fft_lib.fftfreq(self.mfft, self.T))
+        else:  # This should never happen but makes the Linters happy:
+            fft_modes = get_args(FFT_MODE_TYPE)
+            raise RuntimeError(f"{self.fft_mode=} not in {fft_modes}!")
+        self._cache_f = current_state, return_value
+        return return_value
 
     def _fft_func(self, x: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
         """FFT based on the `fft_mode`, `mfft`, `scaling` and `phase_shift`
@@ -2095,8 +2137,7 @@ class ShortTimeFFT:
             Xc[..., 1:q1] /= fac
             x = fft_lib.irfft(Xc, n=self.mfft, axis=-1)
         else:  # This should never happen but makes the Linter happy:
-            error_str = f"{self.fft_mode=} not in {get_args(FFT_MODE_TYPE)}!"
-            raise RuntimeError(error_str)
+            raise RuntimeError(f"{self.fft_mode=} not in {get_args(FFT_MODE_TYPE)}!")
 
         if self.phase_shift is None:
             return x[..., :self.m_num]

scipy/signal/_spectral_py.py

@@ -243,11 +243,11 @@ def lombscargle(
         )
 
     # weight vector must sum to 1
-    weights *= 1.0 / weights.sum()
+    weights = weights * (1.0 / weights.sum())
 
     # if requested, perform precenter
     if precenter:
-        y -= y.mean()
+        y = y - y.mean()
 
     # transform arrays
     # row vector

scipy/signal/tests/test_filter_design.py

@@ -382,6 +382,19 @@ class TestTf2Sos:
         sos2 = tf2sos(b, a, analog=analog)
         assert_array_almost_equal(sos, sos2, decimal=4)
 
+    def test_gh_23221(self):
+        # Tests that this tf2sos call below does not produce ComplexWarnings
+        # This test is specific for scipy==1.16.0: later scipy versions do not produce
+        # the warning.
+        with suppress_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("error")
+            tf2sos([0.21860986786301265, -0.4372197357260253, -0.2186098678630126,
+                    0.8744394714520509,  -0.21860986786301248, -0.4372197357260253,
+                    0.21860986786301265],
+                   [1., -4.18323041786553, 6.829924151626914, -5.407777865686045,
+                    2.0773105450802336,  -0.33482732571537893,  0.0186009178695853 ]
+            )
+
 
 @skip_xp_backends(
     cpu_only=True, reason="XXX zpk2sos is numpy-only", exceptions=['cupy']
@@ -754,6 +767,12 @@ class TestFreqz:
         xp_assert_equal(w, xp.asarray([0. , 0.1]))
         xp_assert_equal(h, xp.asarray([1.+0.j, 1.+0.j]))
 
+    def test_gh_23277(self):
+        # backwards compatibility: `w` array must be real, not complex
+        filt = [0.5 + 0.0j, 0.5 + 0.0j]
+        w, _ = freqz(filt, worN=8)
+        assert w.dtype == np.float64
+
     def test_basic(self, xp):
         w, h = freqz(xp.asarray([1.0]), worN=8)
         assert_array_almost_equal(w, xp.pi * xp.arange(8, dtype=w.dtype) / 8.)

scipy/signal/tests/test_fir_filter_design.py

@@ -546,6 +546,11 @@ class TestRemez:
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Sampling.*single scalar"):
             remez(11, .1, 1, fs=np.array([10, 20]))
 
+    def test_gh_23266(self, xp):
+        bands = xp.asarray([0.0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5])
+        desired = xp.asarray([1.0, 0.0])
+        weight = xp.asarray([1.0, 2.0])
+        remez(21, bands, desired, weight=weight)
 
 
 @skip_xp_backends(cpu_only=True, reason="lstsq")

scipy/signal/tests/test_short_time_fft.py

@@ -531,11 +531,15 @@ def test_border_values():
     assert SFT.p_max(10) == 4
     assert SFT.k_max(10) == 16
     assert SFT.upper_border_begin(10) == (4, 2)
+    assert SFT.upper_border_begin(10) == (4, 2)  # needed to test caching
     # Raise exceptions:
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="^Parameter n must be"):
         SFT.upper_border_begin(3)
     with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="^Parameter n must be"):
         SFT._post_padding(3)
+    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError):
+        SFT._hop = -1  # illegal hop interval
+        SFT.upper_border_begin(8)
 
 def test_border_values_exotic():
     """Ensure that the border calculations are correct for windows with
@@ -573,6 +577,11 @@ def test_t():
     SFT.fs = 1/8
     assert SFT.fs == 1/8
     assert SFT.T == 8
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        # noinspection PyTypeChecker
+        SFT.t(1.5)  # only integers allowed
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        SFT.t(-1)  # only positive `n` allowed
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('fft_mode, f',

scipy/signal/tests/test_signaltools.py

@@ -1295,7 +1295,7 @@ class TestMedFilt:
         # us into wrong memory if used (but it does not need to be used)
         dummy = xp.arange(10, dtype=xp.float64)
         a = dummy[5:6]
-        a.strides = 16
+        a = np.lib.stride_tricks.as_strided(a, strides=(16,))
         xp_assert_close(signal.medfilt(a, 1),  xp.asarray([5.]))
 
     @skip_xp_backends(
@@ -2084,7 +2084,9 @@ class _TestLinearFilter:
         a = self.convert_dtype(a, xp)
         x = self.convert_dtype(x, xp)
         zi = self.convert_dtype(zi, xp)
-        assert_raises(ValueError, lfilter, b, a, x, axis, zi)
+        # NOTE: MemoryError is currently allowed below because of:
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/29721
+        assert_raises((ValueError, MemoryError), lfilter, b, a, x, axis, zi)
 
     @skip_xp_backends('cupy', reason='cupy does not raise')
     def test_bad_size_zi(self, xp):
@@ -2134,7 +2136,11 @@ class _TestLinearFilter:
         self.base_bad_size_zi([1, 1, 1], [1], x2, 0, [[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6, 7]], xp)
 
         self.base_bad_size_zi([1], [1, 1], x2, 0, [0, 1, 2], xp)
-        self.base_bad_size_zi([1], [1, 1], x2, 0, [[[0, 1, 2]]], xp)
+        # this case is disabled on the release branch
+        # because of:
+        # https://github.com/scipy/scipy/pull/23543#issuecomment-3276286172
+        # https://github.com/numpy/numpy/issues/29721
+        #self.base_bad_size_zi([1], [1, 1], x2, 0, [[[0, 1, 2]]], xp)
         self.base_bad_size_zi([1], [1, 1], x2, 0, [[0], [1], [2]], xp)
         self.base_bad_size_zi([1], [1, 1], x2, 0, [[0, 1]], xp)
         self.base_bad_size_zi([1], [1, 1], x2, 0, [[0, 1, 2, 3]], xp)

scipy/signal/tests/test_spectral.py

@@ -1055,7 +1055,6 @@ class TestLombscargle:
         delta = f[1] - f[0]
         assert(w - f[np.argmax(P)] < (delta/2.))
 
-
     def test_amplitude(self):
         # Test if height of peak in unnormalized Lomb-Scargle periodogram
         # corresponds to amplitude of the generated input signal.
@@ -1503,6 +1502,45 @@ class TestLombscargle:
 
         lombscargle(t, y, freqs)
 
+    def test_input_mutation(self):
+        # this tests for mutation of the input arrays
+        # https://github.com/scipy/scipy/issues/23474
+
+        # Input parameters
+        ampl = 2.
+        w = 1.
+        phi = 0.5 * np.pi
+        nin = 100
+        nout = 1000
+        p = 0.7  # Fraction of points to select
+
+        # Randomly select a fraction of an array with timesteps
+        rng = np.random.default_rng()
+        r = rng.random(nin)
+        t = np.linspace(0.01*np.pi, 10.*np.pi, nin)[r >= p]
+
+        # Plot a sine wave for the selected times
+        y = ampl * np.sin(w*t + phi)
+
+        # Define the array of frequencies for which to compute the periodogram
+        f = np.linspace(0.01, 10., nout)
+
+        weights = np.ones_like(y)
+
+        # create original copies before passing
+        t_org = t.copy()
+        y_org = y.copy()
+        f_org = f.copy()
+        weights_org = weights.copy()
+
+        lombscargle(t, y, f, precenter=True, weights=weights)
+
+        # check all 4 array inputs
+        assert_array_equal(t, t_org)
+        assert_array_equal(y, y_org)
+        assert_array_equal(f, f_org)
+        assert_array_equal(weights, weights_org)
+
 
 class TestSTFT:
     @pytest.mark.thread_unsafe

scipy/sparse/_base.py

@@ -494,7 +494,10 @@ class _spbase(SparseABC):
             return self._mul_scalar(other)
 
         if self.ndim < 3:
-            return self.tocsr()._multiply_2d_with_broadcasting(other)
+            try:
+                return self._multiply_2d_with_broadcasting(other)
+            except AttributeError:
+                return self.tocsr()._multiply_2d_with_broadcasting(other)
 
         if not (issparse(other) or isdense(other)):
             # If it's a list or whatever, treat it like an array