roms-tools 3.2.0__py3-none-any.whl → 3.4.0__py3-none-any.whl

roms_tools/datasets/river_datasets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+import logging
+from collections import Counter, defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import numpy as np
+import xarray as xr
+
+from roms_tools.datasets.download import download_river_data
+from roms_tools.datasets.utils import check_dataset, select_relevant_times
+from roms_tools.setup.utils import (
+    assign_dates_to_climatology,
+    gc_dist,
+)
+from roms_tools.utils import load_data
+
+
+@dataclass(kw_only=True)
+class RiverDataset:
+    """Represents river data.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filename : Union[str, Path, List[Union[str, Path]]]
+        The path to the data file(s). Can be a single string (with or without wildcards), a single Path object,
+        or a list of strings or Path objects containing multiple files.
+    start_time : datetime
+        The start time for selecting relevant data.
+    end_time : datetime
+        The end time for selecting relevant data.
+    dim_names: Dict[str, str]
+        Dictionary specifying the names of dimensions in the dataset.
+        Requires "station" and "time" as keys.
+    var_names: Dict[str, str]
+        Dictionary of variable names that are required in the dataset.
+        Requires the keys "latitude", "longitude", "flux", "ratio", and "name".
+    opt_var_names: Dict[str, str], optional
+        Dictionary of variable names that are optional in the dataset.
+        Defaults to an empty dictionary.
+    climatology : bool
+        Indicates whether the dataset is climatological. Defaults to False.
+
+    Attributes
+    ----------
+    ds : xr.Dataset
+        The xarray Dataset containing the forcing data on its original grid.
+    """
+
+    filename: str | Path | list[str | Path]
+    start_time: datetime
+    end_time: datetime
+    dim_names: dict[str, str]
+    var_names: dict[str, str]
+    opt_var_names: dict[str, str] | None = field(default_factory=dict)
+    climatology: bool = False
+    ds: xr.Dataset = field(init=False, repr=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        # Validate start_time and end_time
+        if not isinstance(self.start_time, datetime):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"start_time must be a datetime object, but got {type(self.start_time).__name__}."
+            )
+        if not isinstance(self.end_time, datetime):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f"end_time must be a datetime object, but got {type(self.end_time).__name__}."
+            )
+
+        ds = self.load_data()
+        ds = self.clean_up(ds)
+        self.check_dataset(ds)
+        ds = _deduplicate_river_names(
+            ds, self.var_names["name"], self.dim_names["station"]
+        )
+
+        # Select relevant times
+        ds = self.add_time_info(ds)
+        self.ds = ds
+
+    def load_data(self) -> xr.Dataset:
+        """Load dataset from the specified file.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The loaded xarray Dataset containing the forcing data.
+        """
+        ds = load_data(
+            self.filename, self.dim_names, use_dask=False, decode_times=False
+        )
+
+        return ds
+
+    def clean_up(self, ds: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
+        """Decodes the 'name' variable (if byte-encoded) and updates the dataset.
+
+        This method checks if the 'name' variable is of dtype 'object' (i.e., byte-encoded),
+        and if so, decodes each byte array to a string and updates the dataset.
+        It also ensures that the 'station' dimension is of integer type.
+
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The dataset containing the 'name' variable to decode.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The dataset with the decoded 'name' variable.
+        """
+        if ds[self.var_names["name"]].dtype == "object":
+            names = []
+            for i in range(len(ds[self.dim_names["station"]])):
+                byte_array = ds[self.var_names["name"]].isel(
+                    **{self.dim_names["station"]: i}
+                )
+                name = _decode_string(byte_array)
+                names.append(name)
+            ds[self.var_names["name"]] = xr.DataArray(
+                data=names, dims=self.dim_names["station"]
+            )
+
+        if ds[self.dim_names["station"]].dtype == "float64":
+            ds[self.dim_names["station"]] = ds[self.dim_names["station"]].astype(int)
+
+        # Drop all variables that have chars dim
+        vars_to_drop = ["ocn_name", "stn_name", "ct_name", "cn_name", "chars"]
+        existing_vars = [var for var in vars_to_drop if var in ds]
+        ds = ds.drop_vars(existing_vars)
+
+        return ds
+
+    def check_dataset(self, ds: xr.Dataset) -> None:
+        """Validate required variables, dimensions, and uniqueness of river names.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The xarray Dataset to check.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+            If the dataset does not contain the specified variables or dimensions.
+        """
+        check_dataset(ds, self.dim_names, self.var_names, self.opt_var_names)
+
+    def add_time_info(self, ds: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
+        """Dummy method to be overridden by child classes to add time information to the
+        dataset.
+
+        This method is intended as a placeholder and should be implemented in subclasses
+        to provide specific functionality for adding time-related information to the dataset.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The xarray Dataset to which time information will be added.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        xr.Dataset
+            The xarray Dataset with time information added (as implemented by child classes).
+        """
+        return ds
+
+    def select_relevant_times(self, ds) -> xr.Dataset:
+        """Select a subset of the dataset based on the specified time range.
+
+        This method filters the dataset to include all records between `start_time` and `end_time`.
+        Additionally, it ensures that one record at or before `start_time` and one record at or
+        after `end_time` are included, even if they fall outside the strict time range.
+
+        If no `end_time` is specified, the method will select the time range of
+        [start_time, start_time + 24 hours] and return the closest time entry to `start_time` within that range.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The input dataset to be filtered. Must contain a time dimension.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        xr.Dataset
+            A dataset filtered to the specified time range, including the closest entries
+            at or before `start_time` and at or after `end_time` if applicable.
+
+        Warns
+        -----
+        UserWarning
+            If no records at or before `start_time` or no records at or after `end_time` are found.
+
+        UserWarning
+            If the dataset does not contain any time dimension or the time dimension is incorrectly named.
+        """
+        time_dim = self.dim_names["time"]
+
+        ds = select_relevant_times(
+            ds=ds,
+            time_dim=time_dim,
+            time_coord=time_dim,
+            start_time=self.start_time,
+            end_time=self.end_time,
+        )
+
+        return ds
+
+    def compute_climatology(self):
+        logging.info("Compute climatology for river forcing.")
+
+        time_dim = self.dim_names["time"]
+
+        flux = self.ds[self.var_names["flux"]].groupby(f"{time_dim}.month").mean()
+        self.ds[self.var_names["flux"]] = flux
+
+        ds = assign_dates_to_climatology(self.ds, "month")
+        ds = ds.swap_dims({"month": "time"})
+        self.ds = ds
+
+        updated_dim_names = {**self.dim_names}
+        updated_dim_names["time"] = "time"
+        self.dim_names = updated_dim_names
+
+        self.climatology = True
+
+    def sort_by_river_volume(self, ds: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
+        """Sorts the dataset by river volume in descending order (largest rivers first),
+        if the volume variable is available.
+
+        This method uses the river volume to reorder the dataset such that the rivers with
+        the largest volumes come first in the `station` dimension. If the volume variable
+        is not present in the dataset, a warning is logged.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The xarray Dataset containing the river data to be sorted by volume.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        xr.Dataset
+            The dataset with rivers sorted by their volume in descending order.
+            If the volume variable is not available, the original dataset is returned.
+        """
+        if self.opt_var_names is not None and "vol" in self.opt_var_names:
+            volume_values = ds[self.opt_var_names["vol"]].values
+            if isinstance(volume_values, np.ndarray):
+                # Check if all volume values are the same
+                if np.all(volume_values == volume_values[0]):
+                    # If all volumes are the same, no need to reverse order
+                    sorted_indices = np.argsort(
+                        volume_values
+                    )  # Sort in ascending order
+                else:
+                    # If volumes differ, reverse order for descending sort
+                    sorted_indices = np.argsort(volume_values)[
+                        ::-1
+                    ]  # Reverse for descending order
+
+                ds = ds.isel(**{self.dim_names["station"]: sorted_indices})
+
+            else:
+                logging.warning("The volume data is not in a valid array format.")
+        else:
+            logging.warning(
+                "Cannot sort rivers by volume. 'vol' is missing in the variable names."
+            )
+
+        return ds
+
+    def extract_relevant_rivers(self, target_coords, dx):
+        """Extracts a subset of the dataset based on the proximity of river mouths to
+        target coordinates.
+
+        This method calculates the distance between each river mouth and the provided target coordinates
+        (latitude and longitude) using the `gc_dist` function. It then filters the dataset to include only those
+        river stations whose minimum distance from the target is less than a specified threshold distance (`dx`).
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        target_coords : dict
+            A dictionary containing the target coordinates for the comparison. It should include:
+            - "lon" (float): The target longitude in degrees.
+            - "lat" (float): The target latitude in degrees.
+            - "straddle" (bool): A flag indicating whether to adjust the longitudes for stations that cross the
+              International Date Line. If `True`, longitudes greater than 180 degrees are adjusted by subtracting 360,
+              otherwise, negative longitudes are adjusted by adding 360.
+
+        dx : float
+            The maximum distance threshold (in meters) for including a river station. Only river mouths that are
+            within `dx` meters from the target coordinates will be included in the returned dataset.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        indices : dict[str, list[tuple]]
+            A dictionary containing the indices of the rivers that are within the threshold distance from
+            the target coordinates. The dictionary structure consists of river names as keys, and each value is a list of tuples. Each tuple represents
+            a pair of indices corresponding to the `eta_rho` and `xi_rho` grid coordinates of the river.
+        """
+        # Retrieve longitude and latitude of river mouths
+        river_lon = self.ds[self.var_names["longitude"]]
+        river_lat = self.ds[self.var_names["latitude"]]
+
+        # Adjust longitude based on whether it crosses the International Date Line (straddle case)
+        if target_coords["straddle"]:
+            river_lon = xr.where(river_lon > 180, river_lon - 360, river_lon)
+        else:
+            river_lon = xr.where(river_lon < 0, river_lon + 360, river_lon)
+
+        # Calculate the distance between the target coordinates and each river mouth
+        dist = gc_dist(target_coords["lon"], target_coords["lat"], river_lon, river_lat)
+        dist_min = dist.min(dim=["eta_rho", "xi_rho"])
+        # Filter the dataset to include only stations within the distance threshold
+        if (dist_min < dx).any():
+            ds = self.ds.where(dist_min < dx, drop=True)
+            ds = self.sort_by_river_volume(ds)
+            dist = dist.where(dist_min < dx, drop=True).transpose(
+                self.dim_names["station"], "eta_rho", "xi_rho"
+            )
+
+            river_indices = get_indices_of_nearest_grid_cell_for_rivers(dist, self)
+        else:
+            ds = xr.Dataset()
+            river_indices = {}
+
+        self.ds = ds
+
+        return river_indices
+
+    def extract_named_rivers(self, indices):
+        """Extracts a subset of the dataset based on the provided river names in the
+        indices dictionary.
+
+        This method filters the dataset to include only the rivers specified in the `indices` dictionary.
+        The resulting subset is stored in the `ds` attribute of the class.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        indices : dict
+            A dictionary where the keys are river names (strings) and the values are dictionaries
+            containing river-related data (e.g., river indices, coordinates).
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        None
+            The method modifies the `self.ds` attribute in place, setting it to the filtered dataset
+            containing only the data related to the specified rivers.
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        ValueError
+            - If `indices` is not a dictionary.
+            - If any of the requested river names are not found in the dataset.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(indices, dict):
+            raise ValueError("`indices` must be a dictionary.")
+
+        river_names = list(indices.keys())
+
+        # Ensure the dataset is filtered based on the provided river names
+        ds_filtered = self.ds.where(
+            self.ds[self.var_names["name"]].isin(river_names), drop=True
+        )
+
+        # Check that all requested rivers exist in the dataset
+        filtered_river_names = set(ds_filtered[self.var_names["name"]].values)
+        missing_rivers = set(river_names) - filtered_river_names
+
+        if missing_rivers:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"The following rivers were not found in the dataset: {missing_rivers}"
+            )
+
+        # Set the filtered dataset as the new `ds`
+        self.ds = ds_filtered
+
+
+@dataclass(kw_only=True)
+class DaiRiverDataset(RiverDataset):
+    """Represents river data from the Dai river dataset."""
+
+    filename: str | Path | list[str | Path] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: download_river_data("dai_trenberth_may2019.nc")
+    )
+    dim_names: dict[str, str] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: {
+            "station": "station",
+            "time": "time",
+        }
+    )
+    var_names: dict[str, str] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: {
+            "latitude": "lat_mou",
+            "longitude": "lon_mou",
+            "flux": "FLOW",
+            "ratio": "ratio_m2s",
+            "name": "riv_name",
+        }
+    )
+    opt_var_names: dict[str, str] = field(
+        default_factory=lambda: {
+            "vol": "vol_stn",
+        }
+    )
+    climatology: bool = False
+
+    def add_time_info(self, ds: xr.Dataset) -> xr.Dataset:
+        """Adds time information to the dataset based on the climatology flag and
+        dimension names.
+
+        This method processes the dataset to include time information according to the climatology
+        setting. If the dataset represents climatology data and the time dimension is labeled as
+        "month", it assigns dates to the dataset based on a monthly climatology. Additionally, it
+        handles dimension name updates if necessary.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        ds : xr.Dataset
+            The input dataset to which time information will be added.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        xr.Dataset
+            The dataset with time information added, including adjustments for climatology and
+            dimension names.
+        """
+        time_dim = self.dim_names["time"]
+
+        # Extract the 'time' variable as a numpy array
+        time_vals = ds[time_dim].values
+
+        # Handle rounding of the time values
+        year = np.round(time_vals * 1e-2).astype(int)
+        month = np.round((time_vals * 1e-2 - year) * 1e2).astype(int)
+
+        # Convert to datetime (assuming the day is always 15th for this example)
+        dates = [datetime(year=i, month=m, day=15) for i, m in zip(year, month)]
+
+        ds[time_dim] = dates
+
+        return ds
+
+
+def _decode_string(byte_array):
+    # Decode each byte and handle errors with 'ignore'
+    decoded_string = "".join(
+        [
+            x.decode("utf-8", errors="ignore")  # Ignore invalid byte sequences
+            for x in byte_array.values
+            if isinstance(x, bytes) and x != b" " and x is not np.nan
+        ]
+    )
+
+    return decoded_string
+
+
+def get_indices_of_nearest_grid_cell_for_rivers(
+    dist: xr.DataArray, data: RiverDataset
+) -> dict[str, list[tuple[int, int]]]:
+    """Get the indices of the nearest grid cell for each river based on distance.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    dist : xr.DataArray
+        A 2D or 3D array representing distances from each river to coastal grid cells,
+        with dimensions including "eta_rho" and "xi_rho".
+    data : RiverDataset
+        An instance of RiverDataset containing river names and dimension metadata.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict[str, list[tuple[int, int]]]
+        Dictionary mapping each river name to a list containing the (eta_rho, xi_rho) index
+        of the closest coastal grid cell.
+    """
+    # Find indices of the nearest coastal grid cell for each river
+    indices = dist.argmin(dim=["eta_rho", "xi_rho"])
+
+    eta_rho_values = indices["eta_rho"].values
+    xi_rho_values = indices["xi_rho"].values
+
+    # Get the corresponding station indices and river names
+    stations = indices["eta_rho"][data.dim_names["station"]].values
+    names = (
+        data.ds[data.var_names["name"]]
+        .sel({data.dim_names["station"]: stations})
+        .values
+    )
+
+    # Build dictionary of river name to grid index
+    river_indices = {
+        str(names[i]): [(int(eta_rho_values[i]), int(xi_rho_values[i]))]
+        for i in range(len(stations))
+    }
+
+    return river_indices
+
+
+def _deduplicate_river_names(
+    ds: xr.Dataset, name_var: str, station_dim: str
+) -> xr.Dataset:
+    """Ensure river names are unique by appending _1, _2 to duplicates, excluding non-
+    duplicates.
+    """
+    original = ds[name_var]
+
+    # Force cast to plain Python strings
+    names = [str(name) for name in original.values]
+
+    # Count all names
+    name_counts = Counter(names)
+    seen: defaultdict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
+
+    unique_names = []
+    for name in names:
+        if name_counts[name] > 1:
+            seen[name] += 1
+            unique_names.append(f"{name}_{seen[name]}")
+        else:
+            unique_names.append(name)
+
+    # Replace with updated names while preserving dtype, dims, attrs
+    updated_array = xr.DataArray(
+        data=np.array(unique_names, dtype=f"<U{max(len(n) for n in unique_names)}"),
+        dims=original.dims,
+        attrs=original.attrs,
+    )
+    ds[name_var] = updated_array
+
+    return ds