robotframework-openapitools 0.4.0__py3-none-any.whl → 1.0.0b2__py3-none-any.whl

OpenApiLibCore/value_utils.py

@@ -1,481 +1,528 @@
-# mypy: disable-error-code=no-any-return
-"""Utility module with functions to handle OpenAPI value types and restrictions."""
-import base64
-import datetime
-from copy import deepcopy
-from logging import getLogger
-from random import choice, randint, uniform
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Union
-
-import faker
-import rstr
-
-JSON = Union[Dict[str, "JSON"], List["JSON"], str, int, float, bool, None]
-
-logger = getLogger(__name__)
-
-IGNORE = object()
-
-
-class LocalizedFaker:
-    """Class to support setting a locale post-init."""
-
-    # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.fake = faker.Faker()
-
-    def set_locale(self, locale: Union[str, List[str]]) -> None:
-        """Update the fake attribute with a Faker instance with the provided locale."""
-        self.fake = faker.Faker(locale)
-
-    @property
-    def date(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.date
-
-    @property
-    def date_time(self) -> Callable[[], datetime.datetime]:
-        return self.fake.date_time
-
-    @property
-    def password(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.password
-
-    @property
-    def binary(self) -> Callable[[], bytes]:
-        return self.fake.binary
-
-    @property
-    def email(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.safe_email
-
-    @property
-    def uuid(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.uuid4
-
-    @property
-    def uri(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.uri
-
-    @property
-    def url(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.url
-
-    @property
-    def hostname(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.hostname
-
-    @property
-    def ipv4(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.ipv4
-
-    @property
-    def ipv6(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.ipv6
-
-    @property
-    def name(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.name
-
-    @property
-    def text(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.text
-
-    @property
-    def description(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
-        return self.fake.text
-
-
-FAKE = LocalizedFaker()
-
-
-def json_type_name_of_python_type(python_type: Any) -> str:
-    """Return the JSON type name for supported Python types."""
-    if python_type == str:
-        return "string"
-    if python_type == bool:
-        return "boolean"
-    if python_type == int:
-        return "integer"
-    if python_type == float:
-        return "number"
-    if python_type == list:
-        return "array"
-    if python_type == dict:
-        return "object"
-    if python_type == type(None):
-        return "null"
-    raise ValueError(f"No json type mapping for Python type {python_type} available.")
-
-
-def python_type_by_json_type_name(type_name: str) -> Any:
-    """Return the Python type based on the JSON type name."""
-    if type_name == "string":
-        return str
-    if type_name == "boolean":
-        return bool
-    if type_name == "integer":
-        return int
-    if type_name == "number":
-        return float
-    if type_name == "array":
-        return list
-    if type_name == "object":
-        return dict
-    if type_name == "null":
-        return type(None)
-    raise ValueError(f"No Python type mapping for JSON type '{type_name}' available.")
-
-
-def get_valid_value(value_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
-    """Return a random value that is valid under the provided value_schema."""
-    value_schema = deepcopy(value_schema)
-
-    if value_schema.get("types"):
-        value_schema = choice(value_schema["types"])
-
-    if (from_const := value_schema.get("const")) is not None:
-        return from_const
-    if from_enum := value_schema.get("enum"):
-        return choice(from_enum)
-
-    value_type = value_schema["type"]
-
-    if value_type == "null":
-        return None
-    if value_type == "boolean":
-        return FAKE.fake.boolean()
-    if value_type == "integer":
-        return get_random_int(value_schema=value_schema)
-    if value_type == "number":
-        return get_random_float(value_schema=value_schema)
-    if value_type == "string":
-        return get_random_string(value_schema=value_schema)
-    if value_type == "array":
-        return get_random_array(value_schema=value_schema)
-    raise NotImplementedError(f"Type '{value_type}' is currently not supported")
-
-
-def get_invalid_value(
-    value_schema: Dict[str, Any],
-    current_value: Any,
-    values_from_constraint: Optional[List[Any]] = None,
-) -> Any:
-    """Return a random value that violates the provided value_schema."""
-    value_schema = deepcopy(value_schema)
-
-    if value_schemas := value_schema.get("types"):
-        if len(value_schemas) > 1:
-            value_schemas = [
-                schema for schema in value_schemas if schema["type"] != "null"
-            ]
-        value_schema = choice(value_schemas)
-
-    invalid_value: Any = None
-    value_type = value_schema["type"]
-
-    if not isinstance(current_value, python_type_by_json_type_name(value_type)):
-        current_value = get_valid_value(value_schema=value_schema)
-
-    if (
-        values_from_constraint
-        and (
-            invalid_value := get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
-                values_from_constraint=values_from_constraint,
-                value_type=value_type,
-            )
-        )
-        is not None
-    ):
-        return invalid_value
-    # If an enum is possible, combine the values from the enum to invalidate the value
-    if enum_values := value_schema.get("enum"):
-        if (
-            invalid_value := get_invalid_value_from_enum(
-                values=enum_values, value_type=value_type
-            )
-        ) is not None:
-            return invalid_value
-    # Violate min / max values or length if possible
-    if (
-        invalid_value := get_value_out_of_bounds(
-            value_schema=value_schema, current_value=current_value
-        )
-    ) is not None:
-        return invalid_value
-    # No value constraints or min / max ranges to violate, so change the data type
-    if value_type == "string":
-        # Since int / float / bool can always be cast to sting, change
-        # the string to a nested object.
-        # An array gets exploded in query strings, "null" is then often invalid
-        return [{"invalid": [None, False]}, "null", None, True]
-    logger.debug(f"property type changed from {value_type} to random string")
-    return FAKE.uuid()
-
-
-def get_random_int(value_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> int:
-    """Generate a random int within the min/max range of the schema, if specified."""
-    # Use int32 integers if "format" does not specify int64
-    property_format = value_schema.get("format", "int32")
-    if property_format == "int64":
-        min_int = -9223372036854775808
-        max_int = 9223372036854775807
-    else:
-        min_int = -2147483648
-        max_int = 2147483647
-    # OAS 3.0: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is a bool in combination with minimum/maximum
-    # OAS 3.1: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is an integer
-    minimum = value_schema.get("minimum", min_int)
-    maximum = value_schema.get("maximum", max_int)
-    if (exclusive_minimum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum")) is not None:
-        if isinstance(exclusive_minimum, bool):
-            if exclusive_minimum:
-                minimum += 1
-        else:
-            minimum = exclusive_minimum + 1
-    if (exclusive_maximum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum")) is not None:
-        if isinstance(exclusive_maximum, bool):
-            if exclusive_maximum:
-                maximum -= 1
-        else:
-            maximum = exclusive_maximum - 1
-    return randint(minimum, maximum)
-
-
-def get_random_float(value_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> float:
-    """Generate a random float within the min/max range of the schema, if specified."""
-    # Python floats are already double precision, so no check for "format"
-    minimum = value_schema.get("minimum")
-    maximum = value_schema.get("maximum")
-    if minimum is None:
-        if maximum is None:
-            minimum = -1.0
-            maximum = 1.0
-        else:
-            minimum = maximum - 1.0
-    else:
-        if maximum is None:
-            maximum = minimum + 1.0
-        if maximum < minimum:
-            raise ValueError(f"maximum of {maximum} is less than minimum of {minimum}")
-
-    # For simplicity's sake, exclude both boundaries if one boundary is exclusive
-    exclude_boundaries = False
-
-    exclusive_minimum = value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum", False)
-    exclusive_maximum = value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum", False)
-    # OAS 3.0: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is a bool in combination with minimum/maximum
-    # OAS 3.1: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is an integer or number
-    if not isinstance(exclusive_minimum, bool):
-        exclude_boundaries = True
-        minimum = exclusive_minimum
-    else:
-        exclude_boundaries = exclusive_minimum
-    if not isinstance(exclusive_maximum, bool):
-        exclude_boundaries = True
-        maximum = exclusive_maximum
-    else:
-        exclude_boundaries = exclusive_minimum or exclusive_maximum
-
-    if exclude_boundaries and minimum == maximum:
-        raise ValueError(
-            f"maximum of {maximum} is equal to minimum of {minimum} and "
-            f"exclusiveMinimum or exclusiveMaximum is specified"
-        )
-
-    while exclude_boundaries:
-        result = uniform(minimum, maximum)
-        if minimum < result < maximum:  # pragma: no cover
-            return result
-    return uniform(minimum, maximum)
-
-
-def get_random_string(value_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> Union[bytes, str]:
-    """Generate a random string within the min/max length in the schema, if specified."""
-    # if a pattern is provided, format and min/max length can be ignored
-    if pattern := value_schema.get("pattern"):
-        return rstr.xeger(pattern)
-    minimum = value_schema.get("minLength", 0)
-    maximum = value_schema.get("maxLength", 36)
-    if minimum > maximum:
-        maximum = minimum
-    format_ = value_schema.get("format", "uuid")
-    # byte is a special case due to the required encoding
-    if format_ == "byte":
-        data = FAKE.uuid()
-        return base64.b64encode(data.encode("utf-8"))
-    value = fake_string(string_format=format_)
-    while len(value) < minimum:
-        # use fake.name() to ensure the returned string uses the provided locale
-        value = value + FAKE.name()
-    if len(value) > maximum:
-        value = value[:maximum]
-    return value
-
-
-def fake_string(string_format: str) -> str:
-    """
-    Generate a random string based on the provided format if the format is supported.
-    """
-    # format names may contain -, which is invalid in Python naming
-    string_format = string_format.replace("-", "_")
-    fake_generator = getattr(FAKE, string_format, FAKE.uuid)
-    value: str = fake_generator()
-    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
-        return value.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
-    return value
-
-
-def get_random_array(value_schema: Dict[str, Any]) -> List[Any]:
-    """Generate a list with random elements as specified by the schema."""
-    minimum = value_schema.get("minItems", 0)
-    maximum = value_schema.get("maxItems", 1)
-    if minimum > maximum:
-        maximum = minimum
-    items_schema = value_schema["items"]
-    value = []
-    for _ in range(maximum):
-        item_value = get_valid_value(items_schema)
-        value.append(item_value)
-    return value
-
-
-def get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
-    values_from_constraint: List[Any], value_type: str
-) -> Any:
-    """
-    Return a value of the same type as the values in the values_from_constraints that
-    is not in the values_from_constraints, if possible. Otherwise returns None.
-    """
-    # if IGNORE is in the values_from_constraints, the parameter needs to be
-    # ignored for an OK response so leaving the value at it's original value
-    # should result in the specified error response
-    if IGNORE in values_from_constraint:
-        return IGNORE
-    # if the value is forced True or False, return the opposite to invalidate
-    if len(values_from_constraint) == 1 and value_type == "boolean":
-        return not values_from_constraint[0]
-    # for unsupported types or empty constraints lists return None
-    if (
-        value_type not in ["string", "integer", "number", "array", "object"]
-        or not values_from_constraint
-    ):
-        return None
-
-    values_from_constraint = deepcopy(values_from_constraint)
-    # for objects, keep the keys intact but update the values
-    if value_type == "object":
-        valid_object = values_from_constraint.pop()
-        invalid_object = {}
-        for key, value in valid_object.items():
-            python_type_of_value = type(value)
-            json_type_of_value = json_type_name_of_python_type(python_type_of_value)
-            invalid_object[key] = get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
-                values_from_constraint=[value],
-                value_type=json_type_of_value,
-            )
-        return invalid_object
-
-    # for arrays, update each value in the array to a value of the same type
-    if value_type == "array":
-        valid_array = values_from_constraint.pop()
-        invalid_array = []
-        for value in valid_array:
-            python_type_of_value = type(value)
-            json_type_of_value = json_type_name_of_python_type(python_type_of_value)
-            invalid_value = get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
-                values_from_constraint=[value],
-                value_type=json_type_of_value,
-            )
-            invalid_array.append(invalid_value)
-        return invalid_array
-
-    invalid_values = 2 * values_from_constraint
-    invalid_value = invalid_values.pop()
-    if value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
-        for value in invalid_values:
-            invalid_value = abs(invalid_value) + abs(value)
-        if not invalid_value:
-            invalid_value += 1
-        return invalid_value
-    for value in invalid_values:
-        invalid_value = invalid_value + value
-    # None for empty string
-    return invalid_value if invalid_value else None
-
-
-def get_invalid_value_from_enum(values: List[Any], value_type: str) -> Any:
-    """Return a value not in the enum by combining the enum values."""
-    if value_type == "string":
-        invalid_value: Any = ""
-    elif value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
-        invalid_value = 0
-    elif value_type == "array":
-        invalid_value = []
-    elif value_type == "object":
-        # force creation of a new object since we will be modifying it
-        invalid_value = {**values[0]}
-    else:
-        logger.warning(f"Cannot invalidate enum value with type {value_type}")
-        return None
-    for value in values:
-        # repeat each addition to ensure single-item enums are invalidated
-        if value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
-            invalid_value += abs(value) + abs(value)
-        if value_type == "string":
-            invalid_value += value + value
-        if value_type == "array":
-            invalid_value.extend(value)
-            invalid_value.extend(value)
-        # objects are a special case, since they must be of the same type / class
-        # invalid_value.update(value) will end up with the last value in the list,
-        # which is a valid value, so another approach is needed
-        if value_type == "object":
-            for key in invalid_value.keys():
-                invalid_value[key] = value.get(key)
-                if invalid_value not in values:
-                    return invalid_value
-    return invalid_value
-
-
-def get_value_out_of_bounds(value_schema: Dict[str, Any], current_value: Any) -> Any:
-    """
-    Return a value just outside the value or length range if specified in the
-    provided schema, otherwise None is returned.
-    """
-    value_type = value_schema["type"]
-
-    if value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
-        if (minimum := value_schema.get("minimum")) is not None:
-            if value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum") is True:
-                return minimum
-            return minimum - 1
-        if (maximum := value_schema.get("maximum")) is not None:
-            if value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum") is True:
-                return maximum
-            return maximum + 1
-        # In OAS 3.1 exclusveMinimum/Maximum are no longer boolean but instead integer
-        # or number and minimum/maximum should not be used with exclusiveMinimum/Maximum
-        if (exclusive_minimum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum")) is not None:
-            return exclusive_minimum
-        if (exclusive_maximum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum")) is not None:
-            return exclusive_maximum
-    if value_type == "array":
-        if minimum := value_schema.get("minItems", 0) > 0:
-            return current_value[0 : minimum - 1]
-        if (maximum := value_schema.get("maxItems")) is not None:
-            invalid_value = current_value if current_value else ["x"]
-            while len(invalid_value) <= maximum:
-                invalid_value.append(choice(invalid_value))
-            return invalid_value
-    if value_type == "string":
-        # if there is a minimum length, send 1 character less
-        if minimum := value_schema.get("minLength", 0):
-            return current_value[0 : minimum - 1]
-        # if there is a maximum length, send 1 character more
-        if maximum := value_schema.get("maxLength"):
-            invalid_value = current_value if current_value else "x"
-            # add random characters from the current value to prevent adding new characters
-            while len(invalid_value) <= maximum:
-                invalid_value += choice(invalid_value)
-            return invalid_value
-    return None
+# mypy: disable-error-code=no-any-return
+"""Utility module with functions to handle OpenAPI value types and restrictions."""
+
+import base64
+import datetime
+from copy import deepcopy
+from random import choice, randint, uniform
+from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Mapping, cast, overload
+
+import faker
+import rstr
+from robot.api import logger
+
+from OpenApiLibCore.annotations import JSON
+
+
+class Ignore:
+    """Helper class to flag properties to be ignored in data generation."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "IGNORE"
+
+
+class UnSet:
+    """Helper class to flag arguments that have not been set in a keyword call."""
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return "UNSET"
+
+
+IGNORE = Ignore()
+
+UNSET = UnSet()
+
+
+class LocalizedFaker:
+    """Class to support setting a locale post-init."""
+
+    # pylint: disable=missing-function-docstring
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.fake = faker.Faker()
+
+    def set_locale(self, locale: str | list[str]) -> None:
+        """Update the fake attribute with a Faker instance with the provided locale."""
+        self.fake = faker.Faker(locale)
+
+    @property
+    def date(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.date
+
+    @property
+    def date_time(self) -> Callable[[], datetime.datetime]:
+        return self.fake.date_time
+
+    @property
+    def password(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.password
+
+    @property
+    def binary(self) -> Callable[[], bytes]:
+        return self.fake.binary
+
+    @property
+    def email(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.safe_email
+
+    @property
+    def uuid(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.uuid4
+
+    @property
+    def uri(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.uri
+
+    @property
+    def url(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.url
+
+    @property
+    def hostname(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.hostname
+
+    @property
+    def ipv4(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.ipv4
+
+    @property
+    def ipv6(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.ipv6
+
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.name
+
+    @property
+    def text(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.text
+
+    @property
+    def description(self) -> Callable[[], str]:
+        return self.fake.text
+
+
+FAKE = LocalizedFaker()
+
+
+def json_type_name_of_python_type(python_type: Any) -> str:
+    """Return the JSON type name for supported Python types."""
+    if python_type == str:
+        return "string"
+    if python_type == bool:
+        return "boolean"
+    if python_type == int:
+        return "integer"
+    if python_type == float:
+        return "number"
+    if python_type == list:
+        return "array"
+    if python_type == dict:
+        return "object"
+    if python_type == type(None):
+        return "null"
+    raise ValueError(f"No json type mapping for Python type {python_type} available.")
+
+
+def python_type_by_json_type_name(type_name: str) -> type:
+    """Return the Python type based on the JSON type name."""
+    if type_name == "string":
+        return str
+    if type_name == "boolean":
+        return bool
+    if type_name == "integer":
+        return int
+    if type_name == "number":
+        return float
+    if type_name == "array":
+        return list
+    if type_name == "object":
+        return dict
+    if type_name == "null":
+        return type(None)
+    raise ValueError(f"No Python type mapping for JSON type '{type_name}' available.")
+
+
+def get_valid_value(value_schema: Mapping[str, Any]) -> JSON:
+    """Return a random value that is valid under the provided value_schema."""
+    value_schema = deepcopy(value_schema)
+
+    if value_schema.get("types"):
+        value_schema = choice(value_schema["types"])
+
+    if (from_const := value_schema.get("const")) is not None:
+        return from_const
+    if from_enum := value_schema.get("enum"):
+        return choice(from_enum)
+
+    value_type = value_schema["type"]
+
+    if value_type == "null":
+        return None
+    if value_type == "boolean":
+        return FAKE.fake.boolean()
+    if value_type == "integer":
+        return get_random_int(value_schema=value_schema)
+    if value_type == "number":
+        return get_random_float(value_schema=value_schema)
+    if value_type == "string":
+        return get_random_string(value_schema=value_schema)
+    if value_type == "array":
+        return get_random_array(value_schema=value_schema)
+    raise NotImplementedError(f"Type '{value_type}' is currently not supported")
+
+
+def get_invalid_value(
+    value_schema: Mapping[str, Any],
+    current_value: Any,
+    values_from_constraint: Iterable[Any] = tuple(),
+) -> JSON | Ignore:
+    """Return a random value that violates the provided value_schema."""
+    value_schema = deepcopy(value_schema)
+
+    if value_schemas := value_schema.get("types"):
+        if len(value_schemas) > 1:
+            value_schemas = [
+                schema for schema in value_schemas if schema["type"] != "null"
+            ]
+        value_schema = choice(value_schemas)
+
+    invalid_value: Any = None
+    value_type = value_schema["type"]
+
+    if not isinstance(current_value, python_type_by_json_type_name(value_type)):
+        current_value = get_valid_value(value_schema=value_schema)
+
+    if (
+        values_from_constraint
+        and (
+            invalid_value := get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
+                values_from_constraint=list(values_from_constraint),
+                value_type=value_type,
+            )
+        )
+        is not None
+    ):
+        return invalid_value
+    # If an enum is possible, combine the values from the enum to invalidate the value
+    if enum_values := value_schema.get("enum"):
+        if (
+            invalid_value := get_invalid_value_from_enum(
+                values=enum_values, value_type=value_type
+            )
+        ) is not None:
+            return invalid_value
+    # Violate min / max values or length if possible
+    if (
+        invalid_value := get_value_out_of_bounds(
+            value_schema=value_schema, current_value=current_value
+        )
+    ) is not None:
+        return invalid_value
+    # No value constraints or min / max ranges to violate, so change the data type
+    if value_type == "string":
+        # Since int / float / bool can always be cast to sting, change
+        # the string to a nested object.
+        # An array gets exploded in query strings, "null" is then often invalid
+        return [{"invalid": [None, False]}, "null", None, True]
+    logger.debug(f"property type changed from {value_type} to random string")
+    return FAKE.uuid()
+
+
+def get_random_int(value_schema: Mapping[str, Any]) -> int:
+    """Generate a random int within the min/max range of the schema, if specified."""
+    # Use int32 integers if "format" does not specify int64
+    property_format = value_schema.get("format", "int32")
+    if property_format == "int64":
+        min_int = -9223372036854775808
+        max_int = 9223372036854775807
+    else:
+        min_int = -2147483648
+        max_int = 2147483647
+    # OAS 3.0: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is a bool in combination with minimum/maximum
+    # OAS 3.1: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is an integer
+    minimum = value_schema.get("minimum", min_int)
+    maximum = value_schema.get("maximum", max_int)
+    if (exclusive_minimum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum")) is not None:
+        if isinstance(exclusive_minimum, bool):
+            if exclusive_minimum:
+                minimum += 1
+        else:
+            minimum = exclusive_minimum + 1
+    if (exclusive_maximum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum")) is not None:
+        if isinstance(exclusive_maximum, bool):
+            if exclusive_maximum:
+                maximum -= 1
+        else:
+            maximum = exclusive_maximum - 1
+    return randint(minimum, maximum)
+
+
+def get_random_float(value_schema: Mapping[str, Any]) -> float:
+    """Generate a random float within the min/max range of the schema, if specified."""
+    # Python floats are already double precision, so no check for "format"
+    minimum = value_schema.get("minimum")
+    maximum = value_schema.get("maximum")
+    if minimum is None:
+        if maximum is None:
+            minimum = -1.0
+            maximum = 1.0
+        else:
+            minimum = maximum - 1.0
+    else:
+        if maximum is None:
+            maximum = minimum + 1.0
+        if maximum < minimum:
+            raise ValueError(f"maximum of {maximum} is less than minimum of {minimum}")
+
+    # For simplicity's sake, exclude both boundaries if one boundary is exclusive
+    exclude_boundaries = False
+
+    exclusive_minimum = value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum", False)
+    exclusive_maximum = value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum", False)
+    # OAS 3.0: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is a bool in combination with minimum/maximum
+    # OAS 3.1: exclusiveMinimum/Maximum is an integer or number
+    if not isinstance(exclusive_minimum, bool):
+        exclude_boundaries = True
+        minimum = exclusive_minimum
+    else:
+        exclude_boundaries = exclusive_minimum
+    if not isinstance(exclusive_maximum, bool):
+        exclude_boundaries = True
+        maximum = exclusive_maximum
+    else:
+        exclude_boundaries = exclusive_minimum or exclusive_maximum
+
+    if exclude_boundaries and minimum == maximum:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"maximum of {maximum} is equal to minimum of {minimum} and "
+            f"exclusiveMinimum or exclusiveMaximum is specified"
+        )
+
+    while exclude_boundaries:
+        result = uniform(minimum, maximum)
+        if minimum < result < maximum:  # pragma: no cover
+            return result
+    return uniform(minimum, maximum)
+
+
+def get_random_string(value_schema: Mapping[str, Any]) -> bytes | str:
+    """Generate a random string within the min/max length in the schema, if specified."""
+    # if a pattern is provided, format and min/max length can be ignored
+    if pattern := value_schema.get("pattern"):
+        return rstr.xeger(pattern)
+    minimum = value_schema.get("minLength", 0)
+    maximum = value_schema.get("maxLength", 36)
+    maximum = max(minimum, maximum)
+    format_ = value_schema.get("format", "uuid")
+    # byte is a special case due to the required encoding
+    if format_ == "byte":
+        data = FAKE.uuid()
+        return base64.b64encode(data.encode("utf-8"))
+    value = fake_string(string_format=format_)
+    while len(value) < minimum:
+        # use fake.name() to ensure the returned string uses the provided locale
+        value = value + FAKE.name()
+    if len(value) > maximum:
+        value = value[:maximum]
+    return value
+
+
+def fake_string(string_format: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Generate a random string based on the provided format if the format is supported.
+    """
+    # format names may contain -, which is invalid in Python naming
+    string_format = string_format.replace("-", "_")
+    fake_generator = getattr(FAKE, string_format, FAKE.uuid)
+    value: str = fake_generator()
+    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
+        return value.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+    return value
+
+
+def get_random_array(value_schema: Mapping[str, Any]) -> list[JSON]:
+    """Generate a list with random elements as specified by the schema."""
+    minimum = value_schema.get("minItems", 0)
+    maximum = value_schema.get("maxItems", 1)
+    maximum = max(minimum, maximum)
+    items_schema = value_schema["items"]
+    value = []
+    for _ in range(maximum):
+        item_value = get_valid_value(items_schema)
+        value.append(item_value)
+    return value
+
+
+def get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
+    values_from_constraint: list[JSON | Ignore], value_type: str
+) -> JSON | Ignore:
+    """
+    Return a value of the same type as the values in the values_from_constraints that
+    is not in the values_from_constraints, if possible. Otherwise returns None.
+    """
+    # if IGNORE is in the values_from_constraints, the parameter needs to be
+    # ignored for an OK response so leaving the value at it's original value
+    # should result in the specified error response
+    if any(map(lambda x: isinstance(x, Ignore), values_from_constraint)):
+        return IGNORE
+    # if the value is forced True or False, return the opposite to invalidate
+    if len(values_from_constraint) == 1 and value_type == "boolean":
+        return not values_from_constraint[0]
+    # for unsupported types or empty constraints lists return None
+    if (
+        value_type not in ["string", "integer", "number", "array", "object"]
+        or not values_from_constraint
+    ):
+        return None
+
+    values_from_constraint = deepcopy(values_from_constraint)
+    # for objects, keep the keys intact but update the values
+    if value_type == "object":
+        valid_object = cast(dict[str, JSON], values_from_constraint.pop())
+        invalid_object: dict[str, JSON] = {}
+        for key, value in valid_object.items():
+            python_type_of_value = type(value)
+            json_type_of_value = json_type_name_of_python_type(python_type_of_value)
+            invalid_value = cast(
+                JSON,
+                get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
+                    values_from_constraint=[value],
+                    value_type=json_type_of_value,
+                ),
+            )
+            invalid_object[key] = invalid_value
+        return invalid_object
+
+    # for arrays, update each value in the array to a value of the same type
+    if value_type == "array":
+        valid_array = cast(list[JSON], values_from_constraint.pop())
+        invalid_array: list[JSON] = []
+        for value in valid_array:
+            python_type_of_value = type(value)
+            json_type_of_value = json_type_name_of_python_type(python_type_of_value)
+            invalid_value = cast(
+                JSON,
+                get_invalid_value_from_constraint(
+                    values_from_constraint=[value],
+                    value_type=json_type_of_value,
+                ),
+            )
+            invalid_array.append(invalid_value)
+        return invalid_array
+
+    if value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
+        int_or_number_list = cast(list[int | float], values_from_constraint)
+        return get_invalid_int_or_number(values_from_constraint=int_or_number_list)
+
+    str_or_bytes_list = cast(list[str] | list[bytes], values_from_constraint)
+    invalid_value = get_invalid_str_or_bytes(values_from_constraint=str_or_bytes_list)
+    # None for empty string
+    return invalid_value if invalid_value else None
+
+
+def get_invalid_int_or_number(values_from_constraint: list[int | float]) -> int | float:
+    invalid_values = 2 * values_from_constraint
+    invalid_value = invalid_values.pop()
+    for value in invalid_values:
+        invalid_value = abs(invalid_value) + abs(value)
+    if not invalid_value:
+        invalid_value += 1
+    return invalid_value
+
+
+@overload
+def get_invalid_str_or_bytes(values_from_constraint: list[str]) -> str: ...
+
+
+@overload
+def get_invalid_str_or_bytes(values_from_constraint: list[bytes]) -> bytes: ...
+
+
+def get_invalid_str_or_bytes(values_from_constraint: list[Any]) -> Any:
+    invalid_values = 2 * values_from_constraint
+    invalid_value = invalid_values.pop()
+    for value in invalid_values:
+        invalid_value = invalid_value + value
+    return invalid_value
+
+
+def get_invalid_value_from_enum(values: list[Any], value_type: str) -> JSON:
+    """Return a value not in the enum by combining the enum values."""
+    if value_type == "string":
+        invalid_value: Any = ""
+    elif value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
+        invalid_value = 0
+    elif value_type == "array":
+        invalid_value = []
+    elif value_type == "object":
+        # force creation of a new object since we will be modifying it
+        invalid_value = {**values[0]}
+    else:
+        logger.warn(f"Cannot invalidate enum value with type {value_type}")
+        return None
+    for value in values:
+        # repeat each addition to ensure single-item enums are invalidated
+        if value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
+            invalid_value += abs(value) + abs(value)
+        if value_type == "string":
+            invalid_value += value + value
+        if value_type == "array":
+            invalid_value.extend(value)
+            invalid_value.extend(value)
+        # objects are a special case, since they must be of the same type / class
+        # invalid_value.update(value) will end up with the last value in the list,
+        # which is a valid value, so another approach is needed
+        if value_type == "object":
+            for key in invalid_value.keys():
+                invalid_value[key] = value.get(key)
+                if invalid_value not in values:
+                    return invalid_value
+    return invalid_value
+
+
+def get_value_out_of_bounds(
+    value_schema: Mapping[str, Any], current_value: JSON
+) -> JSON:
+    """
+    Return a value just outside the value or length range if specified in the
+    provided schema, otherwise None is returned.
+    """
+    value_type = value_schema["type"]
+
+    if value_type in ["integer", "number"]:
+        if (minimum := value_schema.get("minimum")) is not None:
+            if value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum") is True:
+                return minimum
+            return minimum - 1
+        if (maximum := value_schema.get("maximum")) is not None:
+            if value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum") is True:
+                return maximum
+            return maximum + 1
+        # In OAS 3.1 exclusveMinimum/Maximum are no longer boolean but instead integer
+        # or number and minimum/maximum should not be used with exclusiveMinimum/Maximum
+        if (exclusive_minimum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMinimum")) is not None:
+            return exclusive_minimum
+        if (exclusive_maximum := value_schema.get("exclusiveMaximum")) is not None:
+            return exclusive_maximum
+    if value_type == "array":
+        current_list = cast(list[JSON], current_value)
+        if minimum := value_schema.get("minItems", 0) > 0:
+            return current_list[0 : minimum - 1]
+        if (maximum := value_schema.get("maxItems")) is not None:
+            invalid_value = current_list if current_list else ["x"]
+            while len(invalid_value) <= maximum:
+                invalid_value.append(choice(invalid_value))  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
+            return invalid_value  # type: ignore[unused-ignore]
+    if value_type == "string":
+        current_string = cast(str, current_value)
+        # if there is a minimum length, send 1 character less
+        if minimum := value_schema.get("minLength", 0):
+            return current_string[0 : minimum - 1]
+        # if there is a maximum length, send 1 character more
+        if maximum := value_schema.get("maxLength"):
+            invalid_string_value = current_string if current_string else "x"
+            # add random characters from the current value to prevent adding new characters
+            while len(invalid_string_value) <= maximum:
+                invalid_string_value += choice(invalid_string_value)
+            return invalid_string_value
+    return None