replay-rec 0.20.2__py3-none-any.whl → 0.20.3rc0__py3-none-any.whl

replay/experimental/models/base_rec.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1386 @@
+"""
+Base abstract classes:
+- BaseRecommender - the simplest base class
+- Recommender - base class for models that fit on interaction log
+- HybridRecommender - base class for models that accept user or item features
+- UserRecommender - base class that accepts only user features, but not item features
+- NeighbourRec - base class that requires log at prediction time
+- ItemVectorModel - class for models which provides items' vectors.
+    Implements similar items search.
+- NonPersonalizedRecommender - base class for non-personalized recommenders
+    with popularity statistics
+"""
+
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from os.path import join
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+
+import numpy as np
+from numpy.random import default_rng
+
+from replay.data import get_schema
+from replay.experimental.utils.session_handler import State
+from replay.models.base_rec import IsSavable
+from replay.models.common import RecommenderCommons
+from replay.utils import PYSPARK_AVAILABLE, PandasDataFrame, SparkDataFrame
+from replay.utils.spark_utils import (
+    convert2spark,
+    cosine_similarity,
+    filter_cold,
+    get_top_k,
+    get_top_k_recs,
+    get_unique_entities,
+    load_pickled_from_parquet,
+    return_recs,
+    save_picklable_to_parquet,
+    vector_dot,
+    vector_euclidean_distance_similarity,
+)
+
+if PYSPARK_AVAILABLE:
+    from pyspark.sql import (
+        Window,
+        functions as sf,
+    )
+
+
+class BaseRecommender(RecommenderCommons, IsSavable, ABC):
+    """Base recommender"""
+
+    model: Any
+    can_predict_cold_users: bool = False
+    can_predict_cold_items: bool = False
+    fit_users: SparkDataFrame
+    fit_items: SparkDataFrame
+    _num_users: int
+    _num_items: int
+    _user_dim_size: int
+    _item_dim_size: int
+
+    def _fit_wrap(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Wrapper for fit to allow for fewer arguments in a model.
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx, timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx, timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :return:
+        """
+        self.logger.debug("Starting fit %s", type(self).__name__)
+        if user_features is None:
+            users = log.select("user_idx").distinct()
+        else:
+            users = log.select("user_idx").union(user_features.select("user_idx")).distinct()
+        if item_features is None:
+            items = log.select("item_idx").distinct()
+        else:
+            items = log.select("item_idx").union(item_features.select("item_idx")).distinct()
+        self.fit_users = sf.broadcast(users)
+        self.fit_items = sf.broadcast(items)
+        self._num_users = self.fit_users.count()
+        self._num_items = self.fit_items.count()
+        self._user_dim_size = self.fit_users.agg({"user_idx": "max"}).first()[0] + 1
+        self._item_dim_size = self.fit_items.agg({"item_idx": "max"}).first()[0] + 1
+        self._fit(log, user_features, item_features)
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _fit(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Inner method where model actually fits.
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx, timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx, timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :return:
+        """
+
+    def _filter_seen(self, recs: SparkDataFrame, log: SparkDataFrame, k: int, users: SparkDataFrame):
+        """
+        Filter seen items (presented in log) out of the users' recommendations.
+        For each user return from `k` to `k + number of seen by user` recommendations.
+        """
+        users_log = log.join(users, on="user_idx")
+        self._cache_model_temp_view(users_log, "filter_seen_users_log")
+        num_seen = users_log.groupBy("user_idx").agg(sf.count("item_idx").alias("seen_count"))
+        self._cache_model_temp_view(num_seen, "filter_seen_num_seen")
+
+        # count maximal number of items seen by users
+        max_seen = 0
+        if num_seen.count() > 0:
+            max_seen = num_seen.select(sf.max("seen_count")).first()[0]
+
+        # crop recommendations to first k + max_seen items for each user
+        recs = recs.withColumn(
+            "temp_rank",
+            sf.row_number().over(Window.partitionBy("user_idx").orderBy(sf.col("relevance").desc())),
+        ).filter(sf.col("temp_rank") <= sf.lit(max_seen + k))
+
+        # leave k + number of items seen by user recommendations in recs
+        recs = (
+            recs.join(num_seen, on="user_idx", how="left")
+            .fillna(0)
+            .filter(sf.col("temp_rank") <= sf.col("seen_count") + sf.lit(k))
+            .drop("temp_rank", "seen_count")
+        )
+
+        # filter recommendations presented in interactions log
+        recs = recs.join(
+            users_log.withColumnRenamed("item_idx", "item")
+            .withColumnRenamed("user_idx", "user")
+            .select("user", "item"),
+            on=(sf.col("user_idx") == sf.col("user")) & (sf.col("item_idx") == sf.col("item")),
+            how="anti",
+        ).drop("user", "item")
+
+        return recs
+
+    def _filter_log_users_items_dataframes(
+        self,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame],
+        k: int,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Returns triplet of filtered `log`, `users`, and `items`.
+        Filters out cold entities (users/items) from the `users`/`items` and `log` dataframes
+        if the model does not predict cold.
+        Filters out duplicates from `users` and `items` dataframes,
+        and excludes all columns except `user_idx` and `item_idx`.
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :return: triplet of filtered `log`, `users`, and `items` dataframes.
+        """
+        self.logger.debug("Starting predict %s", type(self).__name__)
+        user_data = users or log or user_features or self.fit_users
+        users = get_unique_entities(user_data, "user_idx")
+        users, log = self._filter_cold_for_predict(users, log, "user")
+
+        item_data = items or self.fit_items
+        items = get_unique_entities(item_data, "item_idx")
+        items, log = self._filter_cold_for_predict(items, log, "item")
+        num_items = items.count()
+        if num_items < k:
+            message = f"k = {k} > number of items = {num_items}"
+            self.logger.debug(message)
+        return log, users, items
+
+    def _predict_wrap(
+        self,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame],
+        k: int,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Predict wrapper to allow for fewer parameters in models
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        log, users, items = self._filter_log_users_items_dataframes(log, k, users, items)
+
+        recs = self._predict(
+            log,
+            k,
+            users,
+            items,
+            user_features,
+            item_features,
+            filter_seen_items,
+        )
+        if filter_seen_items and log:
+            recs = self._filter_seen(recs=recs, log=log, users=users, k=k)
+
+        recs = get_top_k_recs(recs, k=k).select("user_idx", "item_idx", "relevance")
+
+        output = return_recs(recs, recs_file_path)
+        self._clear_model_temp_view("filter_seen_users_log")
+        self._clear_model_temp_view("filter_seen_num_seen")
+        return output
+
+    def _filter_cold_for_predict(
+        self,
+        main_df: SparkDataFrame,
+        log_df: Optional[SparkDataFrame],
+        entity: str,
+        suffix: str = "idx",
+    ):
+        """
+        Filter out cold entities (users/items) from the `main_df` and `log_df`
+        if the model does not predict cold.
+        Warn if cold entities are present in the `main_df`.
+        """
+        if getattr(self, f"can_predict_cold_{entity}s"):
+            return main_df, log_df
+
+        fit_entities = getattr(self, f"fit_{entity}s")
+
+        num_new, main_df = filter_cold(main_df, fit_entities, col_name=f"{entity}_{suffix}")
+        if num_new > 0:
+            self.logger.info(
+                "%s model can't predict cold %ss, they will be ignored",
+                self,
+                entity,
+            )
+        _, log_df = filter_cold(log_df, fit_entities, col_name=f"{entity}_{suffix}")
+        return main_df, log_df
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _predict(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: SparkDataFrame,
+        items: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+    ) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        """
+        Inner method where model actually predicts.
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :return: recommendation dataframe
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+        """
+
+    def _predict_proba(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: SparkDataFrame,
+        items: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+    ) -> np.ndarray:
+        """
+        Inner method where model actually predicts probability estimates.
+
+        Mainly used in ```OBPOfflinePolicyLearner```.
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, rating]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``rating`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :return: distribution over items for each user with shape
+            ``(n_users, n_items, k)``
+            where we have probability for each user to choose item at fixed position(top-k).
+        """
+
+        n_users = users.select("user_idx").count()
+        n_items = items.select("item_idx").count()
+
+        recs = self._predict(
+            log,
+            k,
+            users,
+            items,
+            user_features,
+            item_features,
+            filter_seen_items,
+        )
+
+        recs = get_top_k_recs(recs, k=k).select("user_idx", "item_idx", "relevance")
+
+        cols = [f"k{i}" for i in range(k)]
+
+        recs_items = (
+            recs.groupBy("user_idx")
+            .agg(sf.collect_list("item_idx").alias("item_idx"))
+            .select([sf.col("item_idx")[i].alias(cols[i]) for i in range(k)])
+        )
+
+        action_dist = np.zeros(shape=(n_users, n_items, k))
+
+        for i in range(k):
+            action_dist[
+                np.arange(n_users),
+                recs_items.select(cols[i]).toPandas()[cols[i]].to_numpy(),
+                np.ones(n_users, dtype=int) * i,
+            ] += 1
+
+        return action_dist
+
+    def _filter_interactions_queries_items_dataframes(
+        self,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame],
+        k: int,
+        queries: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+    ):
+        """
+        Returns triplet of filtered `dataset`, `queries`, and `items`.
+        Filters out cold entities (queries/items) from the `queries`/`items` and `dataset`
+        if the model does not predict cold.
+        Filters out duplicates from `queries` and `items` dataframes,
+        and excludes all columns except `user_idx` and `item_idx`.
+
+        :param dataset: historical interactions with query/item features
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, rating]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param queries: queries to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all queries from ``dataset``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``dataset``.
+            If it contains new items, ``rating`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :return: triplet of filtered `dataset`, `queries`, and `items`.
+        """
+        self.logger.debug("Starting predict %s", type(self).__name__)
+
+        query_data = queries or log or self.fit_users
+        interactions = log
+
+        queries = get_unique_entities(query_data, "user_idx")
+        queries, interactions = self._filter_cold_for_predict(queries, interactions, "user")
+
+        item_data = items or self.fit_items
+        items = get_unique_entities(item_data, "item_idx")
+        items, interactions = self._filter_cold_for_predict(items, interactions, "item")
+        num_items = items.count()
+        if num_items < k:
+            message = f"k = {k} > number of items = {num_items}"
+            self.logger.debug(message)
+
+        return log, queries, items
+
+    def _get_fit_counts(self, entity: str) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, f"_num_{entity}s"):
+            setattr(
+                self,
+                f"_num_{entity}s",
+                getattr(self, f"fit_{entity}s").count(),
+            )
+        return getattr(self, f"_num_{entity}s")
+
+    @property
+    def users_count(self) -> int:
+        """
+        :returns: number of users the model was trained on
+        """
+        return self._get_fit_counts("user")
+
+    @property
+    def items_count(self) -> int:
+        """
+        :returns: number of items the model was trained on
+        """
+        return self._get_fit_counts("item")
+
+    def _get_fit_dims(self, entity: str) -> int:
+        if not hasattr(self, f"_{entity}_dim_size"):
+            setattr(
+                self,
+                f"_{entity}_dim_size",
+                getattr(self, f"fit_{entity}s").agg({f"{entity}_idx": "max"}).first()[0] + 1,
+            )
+        return getattr(self, f"_{entity}_dim_size")
+
+    @property
+    def _user_dim(self) -> int:
+        """
+        :returns: dimension of users matrix (maximal user idx + 1)
+        """
+        return self._get_fit_dims("user")
+
+    @property
+    def _item_dim(self) -> int:
+        """
+        :returns: dimension of items matrix (maximal item idx + 1)
+        """
+        return self._get_fit_dims("item")
+
+    def _fit_predict(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        self._fit_wrap(log, user_features, item_features)
+        return self._predict_wrap(
+            log,
+            k,
+            users,
+            items,
+            user_features,
+            item_features,
+            filter_seen_items,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+        )
+
+    def _predict_pairs_wrap(
+        self,
+        pairs: SparkDataFrame,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        k: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        This method
+        1) converts data to spark
+        2) removes cold users and items if model does not predict them
+        3) calls inner _predict_pairs method of a model
+
+        :param pairs: user-item pairs to get relevance for,
+            dataframe containing``[user_idx, item_idx]``.
+        :param log: train data
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``.
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :return: cached dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        log, user_features, item_features, pairs = (
+            convert2spark(df) for df in [log, user_features, item_features, pairs]
+        )
+        if sorted(pairs.columns) != ["item_idx", "user_idx"]:
+            msg = "pairs must be a dataframe with columns strictly [user_idx, item_idx]"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        pairs, log = self._filter_cold_for_predict(pairs, log, "user")
+        pairs, log = self._filter_cold_for_predict(pairs, log, "item")
+
+        pred = self._predict_pairs(
+            pairs=pairs,
+            log=log,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            item_features=item_features,
+        )
+
+        if k:
+            pred = get_top_k(
+                dataframe=pred,
+                partition_by_col=sf.col("user_idx"),
+                order_by_col=[
+                    sf.col("relevance").desc(),
+                ],
+                k=k,
+            )
+
+        if recs_file_path is not None:
+            pred.write.parquet(path=recs_file_path, mode="overwrite")
+            return None
+
+        pred.cache().count()
+        return pred
+
+    def _predict_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: SparkDataFrame,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+    ) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        """
+        Fallback method to use in case ``_predict_pairs`` is not implemented.
+        Simply joins ``predict`` with given ``pairs``.
+        :param pairs: user-item pairs to get relevance for,
+            dataframe containing``[user_idx, item_idx]``.
+        :param log: train data
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``.
+        """
+        message = (
+            "native predict_pairs is not implemented for this model. "
+            "Falling back to usual predict method and filtering the results."
+        )
+        self.logger.warning(message)
+
+        users = pairs.select("user_idx").distinct()
+        items = pairs.select("item_idx").distinct()
+        k = items.count()
+        pred = self._predict(
+            log=log,
+            k=k,
+            users=users,
+            items=items,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            item_features=item_features,
+            filter_seen_items=False,
+        )
+
+        pred = pred.join(
+            pairs.select("user_idx", "item_idx"),
+            on=["user_idx", "item_idx"],
+            how="inner",
+        )
+        return pred
+
+    def _get_features_wrap(
+        self, ids: SparkDataFrame, features: Optional[SparkDataFrame]
+    ) -> Optional[tuple[SparkDataFrame, int]]:
+        if "user_idx" not in ids.columns and "item_idx" not in ids.columns:
+            msg = "user_idx or item_idx missing"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+        vectors, rank = self._get_features(ids, features)
+        return vectors, rank
+
+    def _get_features(
+        self, ids: SparkDataFrame, features: Optional[SparkDataFrame]  # noqa: ARG002
+    ) -> tuple[Optional[SparkDataFrame], Optional[int]]:
+        """
+        Get embeddings from model
+
+        :param ids: id ids to get embeddings for Spark DataFrame containing user_idx or item_idx
+        :param features: user or item features
+        :return: DataFrame with biases and embeddings, and vector size
+        """
+
+        self.logger.info(
+            "get_features method is not defined for the model %s. Features will not be returned.",
+            str(self),
+        )
+        return None, None
+
+    def _get_nearest_items_wrap(
+        self,
+        items: Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable],
+        k: int,
+        metric: Optional[str] = "cosine_similarity",
+        candidates: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Convert indexes and leave top-k nearest items for each item in `items`.
+        """
+        items = get_unique_entities(items, "item_idx")
+        if candidates is not None:
+            candidates = get_unique_entities(candidates, "item_idx")
+
+        nearest_items_to_filter = self._get_nearest_items(
+            items=items,
+            metric=metric,
+            candidates=candidates,
+        )
+
+        rel_col_name = metric if metric is not None else "similarity"
+        nearest_items = get_top_k(
+            dataframe=nearest_items_to_filter,
+            partition_by_col=sf.col("item_idx_one"),
+            order_by_col=[
+                sf.col(rel_col_name).desc(),
+                sf.col("item_idx_two").desc(),
+            ],
+            k=k,
+        )
+
+        nearest_items = nearest_items.withColumnRenamed("item_idx_two", "neighbour_item_idx")
+        nearest_items = nearest_items.withColumnRenamed("item_idx_one", "item_idx")
+        return nearest_items
+
+    def _get_nearest_items(
+        self,
+        items: SparkDataFrame,
+        metric: Optional[str] = None,
+        candidates: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        msg = f"item-to-item prediction is not implemented for {self}"
+        raise NotImplementedError(msg)
+
+    def _save_model(self, path: str):
+        pass
+
+    def _load_model(self, path: str):
+        pass
+
+
+class ItemVectorModel(BaseRecommender):
+    """Parent for models generating items' vector representations"""
+
+    can_predict_item_to_item: bool = True
+    item_to_item_metrics: list[str] = [
+        "euclidean_distance_sim",
+        "cosine_similarity",
+        "dot_product",
+    ]
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def _get_item_vectors(self) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        """
+        Return dataframe with items' vectors as a
+            spark dataframe with columns ``[item_idx, item_vector]``
+        """
+
+    def get_nearest_items(
+        self,
+        items: Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable],
+        k: int,
+        metric: Optional[str] = "cosine_similarity",
+        candidates: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Get k most similar items be the `metric` for each of the `items`.
+
+        :param items: spark dataframe or list of item ids to find neighbors
+        :param k: number of neighbors
+        :param metric: 'euclidean_distance_sim', 'cosine_similarity', 'dot_product'
+        :param candidates: spark dataframe or list of items
+            to consider as similar, e.g. popular/new items. If None,
+            all items presented during model training are used.
+        :return: dataframe with the most similar items,
+            where bigger value means greater similarity.
+            spark-dataframe with columns ``[item_idx, neighbour_item_idx, similarity]``
+        """
+        if metric not in self.item_to_item_metrics:
+            msg = f"Select one of the valid distance metrics: {self.item_to_item_metrics}"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+        return self._get_nearest_items_wrap(
+            items=items,
+            k=k,
+            metric=metric,
+            candidates=candidates,
+        )
+
+    def _get_nearest_items(
+        self,
+        items: SparkDataFrame,
+        metric: str = "cosine_similarity",
+        candidates: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+    ) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        """
+        Return distance metric value for all available close items filtered by `candidates`.
+
+        :param items: ids to find neighbours, spark dataframe with column ``item_idx``
+        :param metric: 'euclidean_distance_sim' calculated as 1/(1 + euclidean_distance),
+            'cosine_similarity', 'dot_product'
+        :param candidates: items among which we are looking for similar,
+            e.g. popular/new items. If None, all items presented during model training are used.
+        :return: dataframe with neighbours,
+            spark-dataframe with columns ``[item_idx_one, item_idx_two, similarity]``
+        """
+        dist_function = cosine_similarity
+        if metric == "euclidean_distance_sim":
+            dist_function = vector_euclidean_distance_similarity
+        elif metric == "dot_product":
+            dist_function = vector_dot
+
+        items_vectors = self._get_item_vectors()
+        left_part = (
+            items_vectors.withColumnRenamed("item_idx", "item_idx_one")
+            .withColumnRenamed("item_vector", "item_vector_one")
+            .join(
+                items.select(sf.col("item_idx").alias("item_idx_one")),
+                on="item_idx_one",
+            )
+        )
+
+        right_part = items_vectors.withColumnRenamed("item_idx", "item_idx_two").withColumnRenamed(
+            "item_vector", "item_vector_two"
+        )
+
+        if candidates is not None:
+            right_part = right_part.join(
+                candidates.withColumnRenamed("item_idx", "item_idx_two"),
+                on="item_idx_two",
+            )
+
+        joined_factors = left_part.join(right_part, on=sf.col("item_idx_one") != sf.col("item_idx_two"))
+
+        joined_factors = joined_factors.withColumn(
+            metric,
+            dist_function(sf.col("item_vector_one"), sf.col("item_vector_two")),
+        )
+
+        similarity_matrix = joined_factors.select("item_idx_one", "item_idx_two", metric)
+
+        return similarity_matrix
+
+
+class HybridRecommender(BaseRecommender, ABC):
+    """Base class for models that can use extra features"""
+
+    def fit(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Fit a recommendation model
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx, timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx, timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :return:
+        """
+        self._fit_wrap(
+            log=log,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            item_features=item_features,
+        )
+
+    def predict(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Get recommendations
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+
+        """
+        return self._predict_wrap(
+            log=log,
+            k=k,
+            users=users,
+            items=items,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            item_features=item_features,
+            filter_seen_items=filter_seen_items,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+        )
+
+    def fit_predict(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Fit model and get recommendations
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        return self._fit_predict(
+            log=log,
+            k=k,
+            users=users,
+            items=items,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            item_features=item_features,
+            filter_seen_items=filter_seen_items,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+        )
+
+    def predict_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: SparkDataFrame,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        k: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Get recommendations for specific user-item ``pairs``.
+        If a model can't produce recommendation
+        for specific pair it is removed from the resulting dataframe.
+
+        :param pairs: dataframe with pairs to calculate relevance for, ``[user_idx, item_idx]``.
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param item_features: item features
+            ``[item_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :param k: top-k items for each user from pairs.
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        return self._predict_pairs_wrap(
+            pairs=pairs,
+            log=log,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            item_features=item_features,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+            k=k,
+        )
+
+    def get_features(
+        self, ids: SparkDataFrame, features: Optional[SparkDataFrame]
+    ) -> Optional[tuple[SparkDataFrame, int]]:
+        """
+        Returns user or item feature vectors as a Column with type ArrayType
+        :param ids: Spark DataFrame with unique ids
+        :param features: Spark DataFrame with features for provided ids
+        :return: feature vectors
+            If a model does not have a vector for some ids they are not present in the final result.
+        """
+        return self._get_features_wrap(ids, features)
+
+
+class Recommender(BaseRecommender, ABC):
+    """Usual recommender class for models without features."""
+
+    def fit(self, log: SparkDataFrame) -> None:
+        """
+        Fit a recommendation model
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :return:
+        """
+        self._fit_wrap(
+            log=log,
+            user_features=None,
+            item_features=None,
+        )
+
+    def predict(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Get recommendations
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        return self._predict_wrap(
+            log=log,
+            k=k,
+            users=users,
+            items=items,
+            user_features=None,
+            item_features=None,
+            filter_seen_items=filter_seen_items,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+        )
+
+    def predict_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: SparkDataFrame,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        k: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Get recommendations for specific user-item ``pairs``.
+        If a model can't produce recommendation
+        for specific pair it is removed from the resulting dataframe.
+
+        :param pairs: dataframe with pairs to calculate relevance for, ``[user_idx, item_idx]``.
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :param k: top-k items for each user from pairs.
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        return self._predict_pairs_wrap(
+            pairs=pairs,
+            log=log,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+            k=k,
+        )
+
+    def fit_predict(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Fit model and get recommendations
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        return self._fit_predict(
+            log=log,
+            k=k,
+            users=users,
+            items=items,
+            user_features=None,
+            item_features=None,
+            filter_seen_items=filter_seen_items,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+        )
+
+    def get_features(self, ids: SparkDataFrame) -> Optional[tuple[SparkDataFrame, int]]:
+        """
+        Returns user or item feature vectors as a Column with type ArrayType
+
+        :param ids: Spark DataFrame with unique ids
+        :return: feature vectors.
+            If a model does not have a vector for some ids they are not present in the final result.
+        """
+        return self._get_features_wrap(ids, None)
+
+
+class UserRecommender(BaseRecommender, ABC):
+    """Base class for models that use user features
+    but not item features. ``log`` is not required for this class."""
+
+    def fit(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: SparkDataFrame,
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Finds user clusters and calculates item similarity in that clusters.
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx, timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :return:
+        """
+        self._fit_wrap(log=log, user_features=user_features)
+
+    def predict(
+        self,
+        user_features: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        users: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        items: Optional[Union[SparkDataFrame, Iterable]] = None,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Get recommendations
+
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param k: number of recommendations for each user
+        :param users: users to create recommendations for
+            dataframe containing ``[user_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, recommend to all users from ``log``
+        :param items: candidate items for recommendations
+            dataframe containing ``[item_idx]`` or ``array-like``;
+            if ``None``, take all items from ``log``.
+            If it contains new items, ``relevance`` for them will be ``0``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param filter_seen_items: flag to remove seen items from recommendations based on ``log``.
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        return self._predict_wrap(
+            log=log,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            k=k,
+            filter_seen_items=filter_seen_items,
+            users=users,
+            items=items,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+        )
+
+    def predict_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: SparkDataFrame,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,
+        recs_file_path: Optional[str] = None,
+        k: Optional[int] = None,
+    ) -> Optional[SparkDataFrame]:
+        """
+        Get recommendations for specific user-item ``pairs``.
+        If a model can't produce recommendation
+        for specific pair it is removed from the resulting dataframe.
+
+        :param pairs: dataframe with pairs to calculate relevance for, ``[user_idx, item_idx]``.
+        :param user_features: user features
+            ``[user_idx , timestamp]`` + feature columns
+        :param log: historical log of interactions
+            ``[user_idx, item_idx, timestamp, relevance]``
+        :param recs_file_path: save recommendations at the given absolute path as parquet file.
+            If None, cached and materialized recommendations dataframe  will be returned
+        :param k: top-k items for each user from pairs.
+        :return: cached recommendation dataframe with columns ``[user_idx, item_idx, relevance]``
+            or None if `file_path` is provided
+        """
+        return self._predict_pairs_wrap(
+            pairs=pairs,
+            log=log,
+            user_features=user_features,
+            recs_file_path=recs_file_path,
+            k=k,
+        )
+
+
+class NonPersonalizedRecommender(Recommender, ABC):
+    """Base class for non-personalized recommenders with popularity statistics."""
+
+    can_predict_cold_users = True
+    can_predict_cold_items = True
+    item_popularity: SparkDataFrame
+    add_cold_items: bool
+    cold_weight: float
+    sample: bool
+    fill: float
+    seed: Optional[int] = None
+
+    def __init__(self, add_cold_items: bool, cold_weight: float):
+        self.add_cold_items = add_cold_items
+        if 0 < cold_weight <= 1:
+            self.cold_weight = cold_weight
+        else:
+            msg = "`cold_weight` value should be in interval (0, 1]"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    @property
+    def _dataframes(self):
+        return {"item_popularity": self.item_popularity}
+
+    def _save_model(self, path: str):
+        save_picklable_to_parquet(self.fill, join(path, "params.dump"))
+
+    def _load_model(self, path: str):
+        self.fill = load_pickled_from_parquet(join(path, "params.dump"))
+
+    def _clear_cache(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "item_popularity"):
+            self.item_popularity.unpersist()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _calc_fill(item_popularity: SparkDataFrame, weight: float) -> float:
+        """
+        Calculating a fill value a the minimal relevance
+        calculated during model training multiplied by weight.
+        """
+        return item_popularity.select(sf.min("relevance")).first()[0] * weight
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _check_relevance(log: SparkDataFrame):
+        vals = log.select("relevance").where((sf.col("relevance") != 1) & (sf.col("relevance") != 0))
+        if vals.count() > 0:
+            msg = "Relevance values in log must be 0 or 1"
+            raise ValueError(msg)
+
+    def _get_selected_item_popularity(self, items: SparkDataFrame) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        """
+        Choose only required item from `item_popularity` dataframe
+        for further recommendations generation.
+        """
+        return self.item_popularity.join(
+            items,
+            on="item_idx",
+            how="right" if self.add_cold_items else "inner",
+        ).fillna(value=self.fill, subset=["relevance"])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _calc_max_hist_len(log: SparkDataFrame, users: SparkDataFrame) -> int:
+        max_hist_len = (
+            (log.join(users, on="user_idx").groupBy("user_idx").agg(sf.countDistinct("item_idx").alias("items_count")))
+            .select(sf.max("items_count"))
+            .first()[0]
+        )
+        # all users have empty history
+        if max_hist_len is None:
+            max_hist_len = 0
+
+        return max_hist_len
+
+    def _predict_without_sampling(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: SparkDataFrame,
+        items: SparkDataFrame,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+    ) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        """
+        Regular prediction for popularity-based models,
+        top-k most relevant items from `items` are chosen for each user
+        """
+        selected_item_popularity = self._get_selected_item_popularity(items)
+        selected_item_popularity = selected_item_popularity.withColumn(
+            "rank",
+            sf.row_number().over(Window.orderBy(sf.col("relevance").desc(), sf.col("item_idx").desc())),
+        )
+
+        if filter_seen_items and log is not None:
+            user_to_num_items = (
+                log.join(users, on="user_idx").groupBy("user_idx").agg(sf.countDistinct("item_idx").alias("num_items"))
+            )
+            users = users.join(user_to_num_items, on="user_idx", how="left")
+            users = users.fillna(0, "num_items")
+            # 'selected_item_popularity' truncation by k + max_seen
+            max_seen = users.select(sf.coalesce(sf.max("num_items"), sf.lit(0))).first()[0]
+            selected_item_popularity = selected_item_popularity.filter(sf.col("rank") <= k + max_seen)
+            return users.join(selected_item_popularity, on=(sf.col("rank") <= k + sf.col("num_items")), how="left")
+
+        return users.crossJoin(selected_item_popularity.filter(sf.col("rank") <= k)).drop("rank")
+
+    def _predict_with_sampling(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: SparkDataFrame,
+        items: SparkDataFrame,
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+    ) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        """
+        Randomized prediction for popularity-based models,
+        top-k items from `items` are sampled for each user based with
+        probability proportional to items' popularity
+        """
+        selected_item_popularity = self._get_selected_item_popularity(items)
+        selected_item_popularity = selected_item_popularity.withColumn(
+            "relevance",
+            sf.when(sf.col("relevance") == sf.lit(0.0), 0.1**6).otherwise(sf.col("relevance")),
+        )
+
+        items_pd = selected_item_popularity.withColumn(
+            "probability",
+            sf.col("relevance") / selected_item_popularity.select(sf.sum("relevance")).first()[0],
+        ).toPandas()
+
+        rec_schema = get_schema(
+            query_column="user_idx",
+            item_column="item_idx",
+            rating_column="relevance",
+            has_timestamp=False,
+        )
+        if items_pd.shape[0] == 0:
+            return State().session.createDataFrame([], rec_schema)
+
+        seed = self.seed
+        class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+
+        def grouped_map(pandas_df: PandasDataFrame) -> PandasDataFrame:
+            user_idx = pandas_df["user_idx"][0]
+            cnt = pandas_df["cnt"][0]
+
+            local_rng = default_rng(seed + user_idx) if seed is not None else default_rng()
+
+            items_positions = local_rng.choice(
+                np.arange(items_pd.shape[0]),
+                size=cnt,
+                p=items_pd["probability"].values,
+                replace=False,
+            )
+
+            # workaround to unify RandomRec and UCB
+            if class_name == "RandomRec":
+                relevance = 1 / np.arange(1, cnt + 1)
+            else:
+                relevance = items_pd["probability"].values[items_positions]
+
+            return PandasDataFrame(
+                {
+                    "user_idx": cnt * [user_idx],
+                    "item_idx": items_pd["item_idx"].values[items_positions],
+                    "relevance": relevance,
+                }
+            )
+
+        if log is not None and filter_seen_items:
+            recs = (
+                log.select("user_idx", "item_idx")
+                .distinct()
+                .join(users, how="right", on="user_idx")
+                .groupby("user_idx")
+                .agg(sf.countDistinct("item_idx").alias("cnt"))
+                .selectExpr(
+                    "user_idx",
+                    f"LEAST(cnt + {k}, {items_pd.shape[0]}) AS cnt",
+                )
+            )
+        else:
+            recs = users.withColumn("cnt", sf.lit(min(k, items_pd.shape[0])))
+
+        return recs.groupby("user_idx").applyInPandas(grouped_map, rec_schema)
+
+    def _predict(
+        self,
+        log: SparkDataFrame,
+        k: int,
+        users: SparkDataFrame,
+        items: SparkDataFrame,
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
+        filter_seen_items: bool = True,
+    ) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        if self.sample:
+            return self._predict_with_sampling(
+                log=log,
+                k=k,
+                users=users,
+                items=items,
+                filter_seen_items=filter_seen_items,
+            )
+        else:
+            return self._predict_without_sampling(log, k, users, items, filter_seen_items)
+
+    def _predict_pairs(
+        self,
+        pairs: SparkDataFrame,
+        log: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
+        user_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
+        item_features: Optional[SparkDataFrame] = None,  # noqa: ARG002
+    ) -> SparkDataFrame:
+        return (
+            pairs.join(
+                self.item_popularity,
+                on="item_idx",
+                how="left" if self.add_cold_items else "inner",
+            )
+            .fillna(value=self.fill, subset=["relevance"])
+            .select("user_idx", "item_idx", "relevance")
+        )