remdb 0.3.7__py3-none-any.whl

rem/utils/README.md

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+# REM Utilities
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+1. [SQL Types](#sql-types-sql_typespy) - Pydantic to PostgreSQL type mapping
+2. [Embeddings](#embeddings-embeddingspy) - Vector embeddings generation
+
+## SQL Types (`sql_types.py`)
+
+Intelligent Pydantic to PostgreSQL type mapping utility for generating database schemas and UPSERT statements.
+
+### Features
+
+- **Smart String Handling**: VARCHAR(256) by default, TEXT for content/description fields
+- **Union Type Preferences**: Prioritizes UUID and JSONB in Union types
+- **Array Support**: PostgreSQL arrays for `list[str]`, JSONB for complex lists
+- **JSONB for Structured Data**: Automatic JSONB for dicts and nested structures
+- **Custom Type Overrides**: Support for `sql_type` in `json_schema_extra`
+- **Embedding Field Detection**: Auto-detects embedding fields via `embedding_provider`
+- **Schema Generation**: CREATE TABLE with appropriate indexes
+- **UPSERT Templates**: INSERT ... ON CONFLICT UPDATE statements
+
+### Type Mapping Rules
+
+| Pydantic Type | PostgreSQL Type | Notes |
+|---------------|-----------------|-------|
+| `str` | `VARCHAR(256)` | Default for strings |
+| `str` (field name: content, description, summary, etc.) | `TEXT` | Long-form text fields |
+| `str` (with `embedding_provider`) | `TEXT` | For vector search preprocessing |
+| `int` | `INTEGER` | Standard integer |
+| `float` | `DOUBLE PRECISION` | Floating point |
+| `bool` | `BOOLEAN` | Boolean values |
+| `UUID` | `UUID` | PostgreSQL UUID type |
+| `datetime` | `TIMESTAMP` | Timestamp without timezone |
+| `date` | `DATE` | Date only |
+| `dict` | `JSONB` | Structured JSON data |
+| `list[str]` | `TEXT[]` | PostgreSQL array |
+| `list[dict]` | `JSONB` | Complex nested data |
+| `UUID \| str` | `UUID` | Prefers UUID in unions |
+| `dict \| None` | `JSONB` | Prefers JSONB in unions |
+
+### Long-Form Text Field Names
+
+Fields with these names automatically use TEXT:
+- `content`, `description`, `summary`
+- `instructions`, `prompt`, `message`
+- `body`, `text`, `note`, `comment`
+- Fields ending with `_content`, `_description`, `_summary`, `_text`, `_message`
+
+### Usage Examples
+
+#### Basic Type Mapping
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Field
+from rem.utils.sql_types import get_sql_type
+
+# String field
+field = Field(default="")
+get_sql_type(field, "name")  # "VARCHAR(256)"
+
+# Content field (detected by name)
+field = Field(default="")
+get_sql_type(field, "content")  # "TEXT"
+
+# Dict field
+field = Field(default_factory=dict)
+get_sql_type(field, "metadata")  # "JSONB"
+
+# List of strings
+field = Field(default_factory=list)
+get_sql_type(field, "tags")  # "TEXT[]"
+```
+
+#### Custom Type Override
+
+```python
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+class Document(BaseModel):
+    # Custom pgvector type
+    embedding: list[float] = Field(
+        default_factory=list,
+        json_schema_extra={"sql_type": "vector(1536)"}
+    )
+
+    # Embedding provider detection (format: provider:model_name)
+    content: str = Field(
+        default="",
+        json_schema_extra={"embedding_provider": "openai:text-embedding-3-small"}
+    )  # Will use TEXT
+
+    # Alternative embedding providers
+    description: str = Field(
+        default="",
+        json_schema_extra={"embedding_provider": "anthropic:voyage-2"}
+    )  # Will use TEXT
+```
+
+#### Generate CREATE TABLE
+
+```python
+from rem.models.entities import Resource
+from rem.utils.sql_types import model_to_create_table
+
+sql = model_to_create_table(Resource, "resources")
+print(sql)
+```
+
+Output:
+```sql
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS resources (
+    id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
+    name VARCHAR(256) NOT NULL,
+    uri VARCHAR(256),
+    content TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
+    description TEXT,
+    category VARCHAR(256),
+    related_entities JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb
+);
+
+-- Indexes
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_resources_tenant_id ON resources(tenant_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_resources_related_entities ON resources USING GIN(related_entities);
+```
+
+#### Generate UPSERT Statement
+
+```python
+from rem.models.entities import Resource
+from rem.utils.sql_types import model_to_upsert
+
+sql = model_to_upsert(Resource, "resources")
+print(sql)
+```
+
+Output:
+```sql
+INSERT INTO resources (id, name, uri, content, description, category, related_entities)
+VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7)
+ON CONFLICT (id)
+DO UPDATE SET name = EXCLUDED.name, uri = EXCLUDED.uri, content = EXCLUDED.content,
+              description = EXCLUDED.description, category = EXCLUDED.category,
+              related_entities = EXCLUDED.related_entities;
+```
+
+#### Complete Column Definition
+
+```python
+from pydantic import Field
+from rem.utils.sql_types import get_column_definition
+
+# Primary key
+field = Field(..., description="User ID")
+get_column_definition(field, "id", nullable=False, primary_key=True)
+# "id UUID PRIMARY KEY"
+
+# Optional field
+field = Field(default=None)
+get_column_definition(field, "email", nullable=True)
+# "email VARCHAR(256)"
+
+# JSONB with default
+field = Field(default_factory=dict)
+get_column_definition(field, "metadata", nullable=False)
+# "metadata JSONB NOT NULL DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb"
+```
+
+### Index Generation
+
+The utility automatically creates indexes for:
+
+1. **Foreign Keys**: Fields ending with `_id` (e.g., `user_id`, `tenant_id`)
+2. **JSONB Fields**: GIN indexes for efficient querying
+3. **Array Fields**: GIN indexes for array containment queries
+4. **Primary Keys**: Automatically indexed
+
+### Integration with REM Models
+
+```python
+# Generate schema for all REM entities
+from rem.models.entities import Resource, Message, User, File, Moment, Schema
+from rem.utils.sql_types import model_to_create_table
+
+for model, table_name in [
+    (Resource, "resources"),
+    (Message, "messages"),
+    (User, "users"),
+    (File, "files"),
+    (Moment, "moments"),
+    (Schema, "schemas"),
+]:
+    sql = model_to_create_table(model, table_name)
+    with open(f"migrations/{table_name}.sql", "w") as f:
+        f.write(sql)
+```
+
+### Best Practices (from Research)
+
+Based on PostgreSQL documentation and community best practices:
+
+1. **VARCHAR(256) for Most Strings**: Good balance between validation and flexibility
+2. **TEXT for Long Content**: No performance penalty, better for variable-length text
+3. **JSONB over JSON**: Better querying capabilities, GIN indexing support
+4. **Arrays for Simple Lists**: More efficient than JSONB for simple string/int lists
+5. **Consistent Typing**: Use one approach throughout your schema for maintainability
+6. **Index Size Limits**: PostgreSQL has a 2712-byte limit per index row; TEXT fields should have constraints if indexed
+
+### Running the Example
+
+```bash
+cd src/rem/utils/examples
+python sql_types_example.py
+```
+
+This will demonstrate:
+- Field type mapping
+- Column definitions
+- CREATE TABLE generation
+- UPSERT statement generation
+
+### See Also
+
+- `examples/sql_types_example.py` - Complete working examples
+- `../../models/entities/` - REM entity models
+- `../../models/core/core_model.py` - CoreModel base class
+
+---
+
+## Embeddings (`embeddings.py`)
+
+Vector embeddings generation utility using HTTP requests (no provider SDKs required). Supports batch processing for efficient API usage and automatic retry with exponential backoff using `tenacity`.
+
+### Features
+
+- **No SDK Dependencies**: Uses `requests` library for HTTP calls
+- **Batch Processing**: Generate embeddings for multiple texts in a single API call
+- **Multiple Providers**: OpenAI (text-embedding-3-small, text-embedding-3-large, ada-002), Voyage AI (voyage-2)
+- **Automatic Retries**: Uses `tenacity` library for exponential backoff on rate limits
+- **Provider Format**: Uses `provider:model_name` format (e.g., `openai:text-embedding-3-small`)
+- **Environment Variables**: API keys from `LLM__OPENAI_API_KEY` or `OPENAI_API_KEY`
+- **Error Handling**: Custom exceptions for embedding errors and rate limits
+
+### Supported Models
+
+| Provider | Model | Dimensions | Cost (per 1M tokens) |
+|----------|-------|------------|---------------------|
+| OpenAI | text-embedding-3-small | 1536 | $0.02 |
+| OpenAI | text-embedding-3-large | 3072 | $0.13 |
+| OpenAI | text-embedding-ada-002 | 1536 | $0.10 |
+| Voyage AI | voyage-2 | 1024 | Varies |
+| Voyage AI | voyage-large-2 | 1536 | Varies |
+
+### Usage Examples
+
+#### Single Text Embedding
+
+```python
+from rem.utils.embeddings import generate_embeddings
+
+# Generate embedding for single text
+embedding = generate_embeddings(
+    "openai:text-embedding-3-small",
+    "What is the meaning of life?"
+)
+
+# Result: list[float] with 1536 dimensions
+print(f"Embedding dimension: {len(embedding)}")  # 1536
+print(f"First 5 values: {embedding[:5]}")
+```
+
+#### Batch Processing (Recommended)
+
+```python
+from rem.utils.embeddings import generate_embeddings
+
+# Generate embeddings for multiple texts (more efficient)
+texts = [
+    "What is machine learning?",
+    "How does neural network work?",
+    "Explain deep learning",
+]
+
+embeddings = generate_embeddings(
+    "openai:text-embedding-3-small",
+    texts
+)
+
+# Result: list[list[float]] - one embedding per text
+print(f"Generated {len(embeddings)} embeddings")
+for i, embedding in enumerate(embeddings):
+    print(f"Text {i+1}: {len(embedding)} dimensions")
+```
+
+#### Get Embedding Dimension
+
+```python
+from rem.utils.embeddings import get_embedding_dimension
+
+# Get dimension for a model (useful for creating vector columns)
+dimension = get_embedding_dimension("openai:text-embedding-3-small")
+print(f"Dimension: {dimension}")  # 1536
+
+# Create PostgreSQL vector column with correct dimension
+# CREATE TABLE documents (
+#     id UUID PRIMARY KEY,
+#     content TEXT,
+#     embedding vector(1536)  -- Use dimension from get_embedding_dimension
+# );
+```
+
+#### Error Handling
+
+```python
+from rem.utils.embeddings import (
+    generate_embeddings,
+    EmbeddingError,
+    RateLimitError,
+)
+
+try:
+    embeddings = generate_embeddings(
+        "openai:text-embedding-3-small",
+        texts,
+        max_retries=2,  # Optional: increase retries if needed
+    )
+except RateLimitError as e:
+    print(f"Rate limit exceeded after retries: {e}")
+    # All retries exhausted, implement queue or wait longer
+except EmbeddingError as e:
+    print(f"Embedding generation failed: {e}")
+```
+
+#### Custom API Key
+
+```python
+from rem.utils.embeddings import generate_embeddings
+
+# Provide API key explicitly (instead of environment variable)
+embedding = generate_embeddings(
+    "openai:text-embedding-3-small",
+    "Hello world",
+    api_key="sk-..."
+)
+```
+
+### PostgreSQL Integration
+
+#### Add Embedding Column
+
+```python
+from rem.utils.embeddings import get_embedding_dimension
+
+# Get dimension for the model you'll use
+dimension = get_embedding_dimension("openai:text-embedding-3-small")
+
+# Create vector column (requires pgvector extension)
+await postgres.execute(f"""
+    ALTER TABLE documents
+    ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS embedding vector({dimension})
+""")
+```
+
+#### Generate and Store Embeddings
+
+```python
+from rem.utils.embeddings import generate_embeddings
+
+# Single record
+async def add_document_with_embedding(content: str):
+    # Generate embedding
+    embedding = generate_embeddings(
+        "openai:text-embedding-3-small",
+        content
+    )
+
+    # Store in database
+    await postgres.execute(
+        """
+        INSERT INTO documents (id, content, embedding)
+        VALUES ($1, $2, $3::vector)
+        """,
+        doc_id,
+        content,
+        embedding,
+    )
+
+# Batch processing (efficient)
+async def batch_generate_embeddings(batch_size: int = 100):
+    # Get records without embeddings
+    records = await postgres.fetch_all("""
+        SELECT id, content
+        FROM documents
+        WHERE embedding IS NULL
+        LIMIT $1
+    """, batch_size)
+
+    # Extract texts
+    texts = [r["content"] for r in records]
+
+    # Generate all embeddings in one API call
+    embeddings = generate_embeddings(
+        "openai:text-embedding-3-small",
+        texts
+    )
+
+    # Store embeddings
+    for record, embedding in zip(records, embeddings):
+        await postgres.execute(
+            """
+            UPDATE documents
+            SET embedding = $1::vector
+            WHERE id = $2
+            """,
+            embedding,
+            record["id"],
+        )
+```
+
+#### Similarity Search
+
+```python
+# Vector similarity search using pgvector
+async def search_similar_documents(query: str, limit: int = 10):
+    # Generate query embedding
+    query_embedding = generate_embeddings(
+        "openai:text-embedding-3-small",
+        query
+    )
+
+    # Search using cosine similarity (pgvector <=> operator)
+    results = await postgres.fetch_all(
+        """
+        SELECT id, content,
+               embedding <=> $1::vector as distance
+        FROM documents
+        WHERE embedding IS NOT NULL
+        ORDER BY embedding <=> $1::vector
+        LIMIT $2
+        """,
+        query_embedding,
+        limit,
+    )
+
+    return results
+```
+
+#### Create Vector Index
+
+```python
+# Create ivfflat index for faster similarity search
+# Note: Requires at least 1000 rows for effective indexing
+await postgres.execute("""
+    CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_documents_embedding
+    ON documents
+    USING ivfflat (embedding vector_cosine_ops)
+    WITH (lists = 100);
+""")
+```
+
+### Best Practices
+
+1. **Batch Processing**
+   - Always batch multiple texts in a single API call when possible
+   - OpenAI supports up to 2048 inputs per request
+   - Reduces API overhead and stays within RPM (requests per minute) limits
+
+2. **Rate Limit Management**
+   - Uses `tenacity` library for automatic exponential backoff (default: 1 retry with 1s wait)
+   - Adjust `max_retries` parameter if needed (default: 1)
+   - Monitor your usage and adjust batch size accordingly
+   - For large-scale processing, implement a queue system
+
+3. **Cost Optimization**
+   - Use `text-embedding-3-small` ($0.02/1M tokens) for most use cases
+   - Only use `text-embedding-3-large` ($0.13/1M tokens) when higher accuracy is critical
+   - Batch requests to minimize API calls
+
+4. **Error Handling**
+   - Catch `RateLimitError` separately for specific rate limit handling
+   - Catch `EmbeddingError` for general API errors
+   - Validate `embedding_provider` format early in your code
+
+5. **PostgreSQL Performance**
+   - Create vector indexes after populating data (requires 1000+ rows)
+   - Use `ivfflat` indexes for approximate nearest neighbor search
+   - Consider HNSW indexes for better accuracy (pgvector 0.5.0+)
+   - Use `vector_cosine_ops` for cosine similarity (most common)
+
+6. **Environment Variables**
+   - Set `LLM__OPENAI_API_KEY` in `.env` for consistency with REM settings
+   - Falls back to `OPENAI_API_KEY` for compatibility
+   - Never commit API keys to version control
+
+### API Reference
+
+#### `generate_embeddings()`
+
+```python
+def generate_embeddings(
+    embedding_provider: str,
+    texts: str | list[str],
+    api_key: str | None = None,
+    max_retries: int = 1,
+) -> list[float] | list[list[float]]:
+    """
+    Generate embeddings for text(s) using specified provider.
+
+    Uses tenacity for automatic retry with exponential backoff on rate limits.
+
+    Args:
+        embedding_provider: Provider and model (e.g., "openai:text-embedding-3-small")
+        texts: Single text or list of texts
+        api_key: API key (if None, reads from environment)
+        max_retries: Maximum retry attempts for rate limits (default: 1)
+
+    Returns:
+        Single embedding (list[float]) or list of embeddings (list[list[float]])
+
+    Raises:
+        EmbeddingError: If generation fails
+        RateLimitError: If rate limit exceeded after retries
+        ValueError: If provider format is invalid
+    """
+```
+
+#### `get_embedding_dimension()`
+
+```python
+def get_embedding_dimension(embedding_provider: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Get embedding dimension for a provider and model.
+
+    Args:
+        embedding_provider: Provider and model (e.g., "openai:text-embedding-3-small")
+
+    Returns:
+        Embedding dimension (e.g., 1536)
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If provider/model is unknown
+    """
+```
+
+### Environment Variables
+
+Set in `.env` or environment:
+
+```bash
+# OpenAI (preferred format for REM)
+LLM__OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
+
+# Or standard OpenAI format (fallback)
+OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
+
+# Anthropic/Voyage AI
+LLM__ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...
+```
+
+### Running the Example
+
+```bash
+# Set API key
+export LLM__OPENAI_API_KEY='sk-...'
+
+# Run examples
+cd src/rem/utils/examples
+python embeddings_example.py
+```
+
+This will demonstrate:
+- Single text embedding
+- Batch processing
+- Multiple providers
+- Error handling
+- PostgreSQL integration patterns
+
+### See Also
+
+- `examples/embeddings_example.py` - Complete working examples
+- `sql_types.py` - Use `embedding_provider` in json_schema_extra for TEXT fields
+- OpenAI Embeddings API: https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings
+- pgvector Documentation: https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector

rem/utils/__init__.py

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+"""
+REM Utilities
+
+Utility functions and helpers for the REM system:
+- sql_types: Pydantic to PostgreSQL type mapping
+- embeddings: Vector embeddings generation using requests library
+- user_id: Deterministic UUID generation from email addresses
+"""
+
+from .embeddings import (
+    EmbeddingError,
+    RateLimitError,
+    generate_embeddings,
+    get_embedding_dimension,
+)
+from .sql_types import (
+    get_column_definition,
+    get_sql_type,
+    model_to_create_table,
+    model_to_upsert,
+)
+from .user_id import (
+    email_to_user_id,
+    is_valid_uuid,
+    user_id_to_uuid,
+)
+
+__all__ = [
+    # SQL Types
+    "get_sql_type",
+    "get_column_definition",
+    "model_to_create_table",
+    "model_to_upsert",
+    # Embeddings
+    "generate_embeddings",
+    "get_embedding_dimension",
+    "EmbeddingError",
+    "RateLimitError",
+    # User ID
+    "email_to_user_id",
+    "user_id_to_uuid",
+    "is_valid_uuid",
+]