regscale-cli 6.25.1.0__py3-none-any.whl → 6.27.0.0__py3-none-any.whl

tests/regscale/integrations/commercial/wizv2/test_wizv2_utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""Unit tests for Wiz V2 utility functions."""
+
+import logging
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch, MagicMock
+
+from regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils import get_report_url_and_status, get_or_create_report_id
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("regscale")
+
+
+class TestWizUtils(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test cases for Wiz utility functions."""
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_completed(self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with COMPLETED status."""
+        # Mock response for completed report
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.ok = True
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "data": {"report": {"lastRun": {"status": "COMPLETED", "url": "https://example.com/report.csv"}}}
+        }
+        mock_download_report.return_value = mock_response
+
+        # Call the function
+        result = get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        # Verify the result
+        self.assertEqual(result, "https://example.com/report.csv")
+        mock_download_report.assert_called_once_with({"reportId": "test-report-id"})
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()  # Should not sleep on first success
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.get_report_url_and_status")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_expired(
+        self, mock_recursive_call, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep
+    ):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with EXPIRED status."""
+        # Mock response for expired report
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.ok = True
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"data": {"report": {"lastRun": {"status": "EXPIRED"}}}}
+        mock_download_report.return_value = mock_response
+
+        # Mock rerun response
+        mock_rerun_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_rerun_response.ok = True
+        mock_rerun_report.return_value = mock_rerun_response
+
+        # Mock recursive call to return final URL
+        mock_recursive_call.return_value = "https://example.com/new-report.csv"
+
+        # Call the function
+        result = get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        # Verify the result
+        self.assertEqual(result, "https://example.com/new-report.csv")
+        mock_download_report.assert_called_once_with({"reportId": "test-report-id"})
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_called_once_with({"reportId": "test-report-id"})
+        mock_recursive_call.assert_called_once_with("test-report-id")
+        mock_sleep.assert_not_called()  # Should not sleep on first call before recursion
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 5)
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_rate_limit(self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with rate limit error."""
+        from regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.core.constants import RATE_LIMIT_MSG
+
+        # Mock response with rate limit error
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.ok = True
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {
+            "errors": [
+                {"message": "Rate limit exceeded", "extensions": {"retryAfter": 0.001}}  # Reduced to milliseconds
+            ]
+        }
+        mock_download_report.return_value = mock_response
+
+        # Mock second response for successful completion
+        mock_response2 = MagicMock()
+        mock_response2.ok = True
+        mock_response2.json.return_value = {
+            "data": {"report": {"lastRun": {"status": "COMPLETED", "url": "https://example.com/report.csv"}}}
+        }
+
+        # Configure mock to return different responses on subsequent calls
+        mock_download_report.side_effect = [mock_response, mock_response2]
+
+        # Call the function
+        result = get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        # Verify the result
+        self.assertEqual(result, "https://example.com/report.csv")
+        self.assertEqual(mock_download_report.call_count, 2)
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+        # Sleep is called twice: once for rate limit, once for retry interval
+        self.assertEqual(mock_sleep.call_count, 2)
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_failed_response(self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with failed response."""
+        # Mock failed response
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.ok = False
+        mock_download_report.return_value = mock_response
+
+        # Call the function and expect exception
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
+            get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        self.assertIn("Failed to download report", str(context.exception))
+        mock_download_report.assert_called_once_with({"reportId": "test-report-id"})
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_none_response(self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with None response."""
+        # Mock None response
+        mock_download_report.return_value = None
+
+        # Call the function and expect exception
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
+            get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        self.assertIn("Failed to download report", str(context.exception))
+        mock_download_report.assert_called_once_with({"reportId": "test-report-id"})
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)  # Reduce retries for faster testing
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_other_error(self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with other error in response."""
+        # Mock response with other error
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.ok = True
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"errors": [{"message": "Some other error occurred"}]}
+        mock_download_report.return_value = mock_response
+
+        # Call the function and expect exception after max retries
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
+            get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        self.assertIn("Download failed, exceeding the maximum number of retries", str(context.exception))
+        # Should be called MAX_RETRIES times (now 3)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_download_report.call_count, 3)
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)  # Reduce retries for faster testing
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_unknown_status(self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with unknown status."""
+        # Mock response with unknown status
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.ok = True
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"data": {"report": {"lastRun": {"status": "UNKNOWN_STATUS"}}}}
+        mock_download_report.return_value = mock_response
+
+        # Call the function and expect exception after max retries
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
+            get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        self.assertIn("Download failed, exceeding the maximum number of retries", str(context.exception))
+        # Should be called MAX_RETRIES times (now 3)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_download_report.call_count, 3)
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)  # Reduce retries for faster testing
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_missing_status(self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with missing status in response."""
+        # Mock response with missing status
+        mock_response = MagicMock()
+        mock_response.ok = True
+        mock_response.json.return_value = {"data": {"report": {"lastRun": {}}}}
+        mock_download_report.return_value = mock_response
+
+        # Call the function and expect exception after max retries
+        with self.assertRaises(Exception) as context:
+            get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        self.assertIn("Download failed, exceeding the maximum number of retries", str(context.exception))
+        # Should be called MAX_RETRIES times (now 3)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_download_report.call_count, 3)
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.time.sleep")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.download_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.rerun_expired_report")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.CHECK_INTERVAL_FOR_DOWNLOAD_REPORT", 0.001)
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.MAX_RETRIES", 3)
+    def test_get_report_url_and_status_multiple_attempts_before_completion(
+        self, mock_rerun_report, mock_download_report, mock_sleep
+    ):
+        """Test get_report_url_and_status with multiple attempts before completion."""
+        # Mock responses: first two with unknown status, third with completed
+        mock_response1 = MagicMock()
+        mock_response1.ok = True
+        mock_response1.json.return_value = {"data": {"report": {"lastRun": {"status": "PROCESSING"}}}}
+
+        mock_response2 = MagicMock()
+        mock_response2.ok = True
+        mock_response2.json.return_value = {"data": {"report": {"lastRun": {"status": "PROCESSING"}}}}
+
+        mock_response3 = MagicMock()
+        mock_response3.ok = True
+        mock_response3.json.return_value = {
+            "data": {"report": {"lastRun": {"status": "COMPLETED", "url": "https://example.com/report.csv"}}}
+        }
+
+        # Configure mock to return different responses on subsequent calls
+        mock_download_report.side_effect = [mock_response1, mock_response2, mock_response3]
+
+        # Call the function
+        result = get_report_url_and_status("test-report-id")
+
+        # Verify the result
+        self.assertEqual(result, "https://example.com/report.csv")
+        self.assertEqual(mock_download_report.call_count, 3)
+        # Should sleep twice (after first and second attempts)
+        self.assertEqual(mock_sleep.call_count, 2)
+        mock_rerun_report.assert_not_called()
+
+
+class TestGetOrCreateReportId(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Test cases for get_or_create_report_id function."""
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        """Set up test fixtures."""
+        self.project_id = "test-project-123"
+        self.frameworks = ["NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5", "NIST_CSF_v1.1"]
+        self.wiz_frameworks = [
+            {"id": "framework-1", "name": "NIST SP 800-53 Revision 5"},
+            {"id": "framework-2", "name": "NIST CSF v1.1"},
+        ]
+        self.target_framework = "NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5"
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.is_report_expired")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_existing_valid_report(self, mock_is_expired, mock_application):
+        """Test returning existing report ID when report is valid (not expired)."""
+        # Mock Application
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Mock is_report_expired to return False (not expired)
+        mock_is_expired.return_value = False
+
+        # Mock existing reports with a valid report
+        existing_reports = [
+            {
+                "id": "existing-report-123",
+                "name": "NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+                "lastRun": {"runAt": "2023-07-15T14:37:55.450532Z"},
+            }
+        ]
+
+        result = get_or_create_report_id(
+            self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, self.target_framework
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, "existing-report-123")
+        mock_app.config.get.assert_called_once_with("wizReportAge", 15)
+        mock_is_expired.assert_called_once_with("2023-07-15T14:37:55.450532Z", 15)
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.is_report_expired")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.create_compliance_report")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_existing_expired_report(
+        self, mock_create_report, mock_is_expired, mock_application
+    ):
+        """Test creating new report when existing report is expired."""
+        # Mock Application
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Mock is_report_expired to return True (expired)
+        mock_is_expired.return_value = True
+
+        # Mock create_compliance_report to return new report ID
+        mock_create_report.return_value = "new-report-456"
+
+        # Mock existing reports with an expired report
+        existing_reports = [
+            {
+                "id": "existing-report-123",
+                "name": "NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+                "lastRun": {"runAt": "2023-06-01T14:37:55.450532Z"},  # Old date
+            }
+        ]
+
+        result = get_or_create_report_id(
+            self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, self.target_framework
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, "new-report-456")
+        mock_app.config.get.assert_called_once_with("wizReportAge", 15)
+        mock_is_expired.assert_called_once_with("2023-06-01T14:37:55.450532Z", 15)
+        mock_create_report.assert_called_once_with(
+            wiz_project_id=self.project_id,
+            report_name="NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+            framework_id="framework-1",
+        )
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.create_compliance_report")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_no_existing_report(self, mock_create_report, mock_application):
+        """Test creating new report when no existing report is found."""
+        # Mock Application
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Mock create_compliance_report to return new report ID
+        mock_create_report.return_value = "new-report-789"
+
+        # Empty existing reports list
+        existing_reports = []
+
+        result = get_or_create_report_id(
+            self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, self.target_framework
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, "new-report-789")
+        mock_app.config.get.assert_called_once_with("wizReportAge", 15)
+        mock_create_report.assert_called_once_with(
+            wiz_project_id=self.project_id,
+            report_name="NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+            framework_id="framework-1",
+        )
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.is_report_expired")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_missing_run_at(self, mock_is_expired, mock_application):
+        """Test behavior when existing report has no runAt timestamp."""
+        # Mock Application
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Mock existing reports with missing runAt
+        existing_reports = [
+            {
+                "id": "existing-report-123",
+                "name": "NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+                "lastRun": {},  # No runAt timestamp
+            }
+        ]
+
+        result = get_or_create_report_id(
+            self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, self.target_framework
+        )
+
+        # When runAt is missing, the method returns the existing report
+        # because the condition `if run_at and is_report_expired(run_at, report_age_days):`
+        # is False when run_at is None/missing
+        self.assertEqual(result, "existing-report-123")
+        mock_app.config.get.assert_called_once_with("wizReportAge", 15)
+        # is_report_expired should not be called when runAt is missing
+        mock_is_expired.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_framework_not_found(self, mock_application):
+        """Test ValueError when target framework is not in frameworks list."""
+        # Mock Application
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Use a framework not in the frameworks list
+        invalid_framework = "INVALID_FRAMEWORK"
+
+        existing_reports = []
+
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError) as context:
+            get_or_create_report_id(
+                self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, invalid_framework
+            )
+
+        # The actual error message from list.index() is different
+        self.assertIn("is not in list", str(context.exception))
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.is_report_expired")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_custom_report_age(self, mock_is_expired, mock_application):
+        """Test using custom wizReportAge configuration."""
+        # Mock Application with custom age
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 30  # 30 days instead of default 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Mock is_report_expired to return False
+        mock_is_expired.return_value = False
+
+        # Mock existing reports with a valid report
+        existing_reports = [
+            {
+                "id": "existing-report-123",
+                "name": "NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+                "lastRun": {"runAt": "2023-07-15T14:37:55.450532Z"},
+            }
+        ]
+
+        result = get_or_create_report_id(
+            self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, self.target_framework
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, "existing-report-123")
+        mock_app.config.get.assert_called_once_with("wizReportAge", 15)
+        mock_is_expired.assert_called_once_with("2023-07-15T14:37:55.450532Z", 30)
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.is_report_expired")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.create_compliance_report")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_multiple_reports_first_match(
+        self, mock_create_report, mock_is_expired, mock_application
+    ):
+        """Test behavior when multiple reports exist, should use first matching report."""
+        # Mock Application
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Mock is_report_expired to return False for first call
+        mock_is_expired.return_value = False
+
+        # Mock existing reports with multiple matching reports
+        existing_reports = [
+            {
+                "id": "first-report-123",
+                "name": "NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+                "lastRun": {"runAt": "2023-07-15T14:37:55.450532Z"},
+            },
+            {
+                "id": "second-report-456",
+                "name": "NIST_SP_800-53_Revision_5_project_test-project-123",
+                "lastRun": {"runAt": "2023-07-16T14:37:55.450532Z"},
+            },
+        ]
+
+        result = get_or_create_report_id(
+            self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, self.target_framework
+        )
+
+        # Should return the first matching report
+        self.assertEqual(result, "first-report-123")
+        mock_is_expired.assert_called_once_with("2023-07-15T14:37:55.450532Z", 15)
+        mock_create_report.assert_not_called()
+
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.Application")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.is_report_expired")
+    @patch("regscale.integrations.commercial.wizv2.utils.main.create_compliance_report")
+    def test_get_or_create_report_id_different_report_names(
+        self, mock_create_report, mock_is_expired, mock_application
+    ):
+        """Test creating new report when existing reports have different names."""
+        # Mock Application
+        mock_app = MagicMock()
+        mock_app.config.get.return_value = 15
+        mock_application.return_value = mock_app
+
+        # Mock create_compliance_report to return new report ID
+        mock_create_report.return_value = "new-report-999"
+
+        # Mock existing reports with different names
+        existing_reports = [
+            {
+                "id": "other-report-123",
+                "name": "OTHER_FRAMEWORK_project_test-project-123",
+                "lastRun": {"runAt": "2023-07-15T14:37:55.450532Z"},
+            }
+        ]
+
+        result = get_or_create_report_id(
+            self.project_id, self.frameworks, self.wiz_frameworks, existing_reports, self.target_framework
+        )
+
+        self.assertEqual(result, "new-report-999")
+        mock_app.config.get.assert_called_once_with("wizReportAge", 15)
+        # is_report_expired should not be called since no matching report name
+        mock_is_expired.assert_not_called()
+        mock_create_report.assert_called_once()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()

tests/regscale/integrations/commercial/wizv2/utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Tests for Wiz V2 Utils"""