rasa-pro 3.14.0.dev20250825__py3-none-any.whl → 3.14.0.dev20250901__py3-none-any.whl

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/data/system/source/users.json

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+[
+  {
+    "name": "John Smith",
+    "email": "john.smith@example.com",
+    "phone": "0123456789",
+    "address": "1 Psychohistorical Way, Trantor Square, London, SW1A 1AA",
+    "username": "john.smith",
+    "password": "smith123",
+    "segment": "Corporate"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Mary Brown",
+    "email": "mary.brown@example.com",
+    "phone": "0129876543",
+    "address": "2 Foundation Drive, Terminus Park, London, E1 6AN",
+    "username": "mary.brown",
+    "password": "brown123",
+    "segment": "Retail"
+  },
+  {
+    "name": "Dan Young",
+    "email": "dan.young@example.com",
+    "phone": "0123345678",
+    "address": "3 Scholar's Lane, Asimov Gardens, London, WC1B 5HA",
+    "username": "dan.young",
+    "password": "young123",
+    "segment": "SME"
+  }
+]

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/data/transfers/add_payee.yml

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+flows:
+  add_payee:
+    description: "Add a new payee to the user’s account by collecting and confirming details such as payee name, account number, payee type (person or business), and a reference note"
+    steps:
+      - collect: payee_name
+        description: "name of the payee"
+      - collect: account_number
+        description: "banking account number"
+      - collect: payee_type
+        description: "type of the payee that can be either person or business"
+      - collect: reference
+        description: "a short note to identify the payee or purpose"
+      - collect: confirm_payee_details
+        description: "confirmation from the user that all payee details are correct before proceeding"
+        ask_before_filling: true
+        next:
+            - if: slots.confirm_payee_details
+              then: action_add_payee_step
+            - else: END
+      - id: action_add_payee_step
+        action: action_add_payee
+        next:
+          - if: slots.payee_added
+            then:
+              - action: utter_payee_added_success
+                next: END
+          - else:
+              - action: utter_payee_added_failure
+                next: END

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/data/transfers/list_payees.yml

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+flows:
+  list_payees:
+    description: "Retrieve and display the user’s list of authorized payees, allowing them to view all accounts available for transactions."
+    steps:
+      - action: action_list_payees

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/data/transfers/remove_payee.yml

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+flows:
+  remove_payee:
+    if: False
+    description: |
+      Facilitates the process of removing an existing payee from a user's
+      account, ensuring the user is authenticated before proceeding. This flow
+      guides the user through specifying the payee to be removed, attempts the
+      removal action, and provides appropriate feedback on the success or
+      failure of the operation
+    name: delete an existing authorised payee
+    steps:
+      - collect: payee_name
+      - action: action_remove_payee
+        next:
+          - if: slots.payee_removed
+            then:
+              - action: utter_payee_removed_success
+                next: END
+          - else:
+              - action: utter_payee_removed_failure
+                next: END

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/data/transfers/transfer_money.yml

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+flows:
+  transfer_money:
+    description: Guides the user through the process of initiating a bank transfer.
+    steps:
+      - action: utter_transfer_money_understand
+      - collect: account_from
+      - collect: payee_name
+      - action: action_check_payee_existence
+        next:
+          - if: not slots.payee_exists
+            then:
+              - call: add_payee
+                next: "get_transfer_amount"
+          - else: "get_transfer_amount"
+      - id: "get_transfer_amount"
+        collect: amount
+        description: The amount of money to transfer
+        rejections:
+          - if: slots.amount <= 0
+            utter: utter_invalid_amount
+      - action: action_check_sufficient_funds
+        next:
+          - if: slots.sufficient_funds
+            then: "get_payment_timing"
+          - else:
+              - action: utter_insufficient_funds
+                next: END
+      - id: "get_payment_timing"
+        collect: timing
+        next:
+          - if: slots.timing == "now"
+            then: "confirm_immediate_transfer"
+          - else: "get_payment_date"
+      - id: "confirm_immediate_transfer"
+        collect: confirm_immediate_payment
+        ask_before_filling: true
+        next:
+          - if: slots.confirm_immediate_payment
+            then:
+              - action: action_process_immediate_payment
+              - action: utter_transfer_successful
+                next: END
+          - else: "transfer_cancelled"
+      - id: "get_payment_date"
+        collect: payment_date
+        description: the future payment date of the money transfer. Convert date to DD/MM/YYYY format
+      - action: action_validate_payment_date
+        next:
+          - if: slots.future_payment_date
+            then: "confirm_future_payment"
+          - else:
+              - action: utter_past_payment_date
+              - set_slots:
+                - payment_date: null
+                next: "get_payment_date"
+      - id: "confirm_future_payment"
+        collect: confirm_future_payment
+        ask_before_filling: true
+        next:
+          - if: slots.confirm_future_payment
+            then:
+              - action: action_schedule_payment
+              - action: utter_payment_scheduled
+                next: END
+          - else: "transfer_cancelled"
+      - id: "transfer_cancelled"
+        action: utter_cancel_transfer

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/block_card/consequences_of_blocking_card.txt

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+Q: What happens when I block my card?
+A: All transactions will be halted, and you will receive a new card within a specified timeframe.
+
+Q: Will blocking my card affect my recurring payments?
+A: Yes, any recurring payments linked to your blocked card will be interrupted until you update them with a new card number.
+
+Q: Can I unblock my card after blocking it?
+A: You can unblock your card if it is temporarily blocked, but permanently blocked cards will need to be replaced.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/block_card/reasons_to_block_card.txt

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+Q: Why would I need to block my card?
+A: You may need to block your card if it is lost, stolen, or if you suspect fraudulent activity.
+
+Q: Are there any other situations where blocking my card is advisable?
+A: Yes, if you notice any suspicious transactions on your account, it's best to block your card as a precaution.
+
+Q: Can I temporarily block my card instead of permanently blocking it?
+A: Some banks offer a temporary block feature; please check with Bank of Rasa for specific options.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/block_card/recovering_from_card_fraud.txt

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+Q: What should I do if I suspect fraudulent activity on my card?
+A: Immediately block your card, monitor your account for unauthorised transactions, and contact customer support.
+
+Q: Will I be liable for any fraudulent transactions?
+A: In most cases, if you report fraud promptly, you will not be held liable for the unauthorised transactions.
+
+Q: How can I prevent future card fraud?
+A: Regularly monitor your account, enable transaction alerts, and use secure websites for online purchases.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/block_card/tips_for_card_security.txt

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+Q: What are some best practices for card security?
+A: Regularly monitor your transactions, avoid sharing your card details, and use secure payment methods when shopping online.
+
+Q: How can I keep my card information safe while travelling?
+A: Inform your bank of your travel plans, avoid using public Wi-Fi for transactions, and consider using a travel credit card for purchases.
+
+Q: Should I use my card for online purchases?
+A: Yes, but ensure you shop on secure websites and avoid saving card details on sites unless necessary.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/block_card/what_to_do_if_card_is_lost.txt

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+Q: What immediate steps should I take if my card is lost?
+A: Block your card immediately through the app or by calling customer support, and monitor your account for any unauthorised transactions.
+
+Q: How do I report my lost card?
+A: You can report your lost card through the app, online banking, or by contacting customer support directly.
+
+Q: What if I find my card after reporting it lost?
+A: If you find your card, do not use it; contact customer support for guidance on next steps.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/check_balance/account_balance_security.txt

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+Q: How can I ensure the security of my account balance information?
+A: Always log out after checking your balance, use strong passwords, and enable two-factor authentication.
+
+Q: What should I do if I think my account balance information has been compromised?
+A: Change your password immediately and contact customer support for further assistance.
+
+Q: Can I restrict access to

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/check_balance/common_balance_inquiries.txt

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+Q: What should I do if I notice discrepancies in my account balance?
+A: Contact customer support immediately if you suspect any errors or unauthorised transactions.
+
+Q: Can I check my balance for multiple accounts at once?
+A: Yes, the app and online banking allow you to view balances for all your accounts on one screen.
+
+Q: What should I do if I can’t access my balance information?
+A: If you cannot access your balance, ensure your internet connection is stable, and try logging in again. If the issue persists, contact support.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/check_balance/methods_to_check_balance.txt

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+Q: What methods can I use to check my account balance?
+A: You can check your balance via the Bank of Rasa app, online banking, or by visiting an ATM.
+
+Q: Is it possible to receive balance alerts?
+A: Yes, you can set up balance alerts to receive notifications when your balance reaches a certain threshold.
+
+Q: Can I check my balance without logging in?
+A: No, you must log in to your account for security reasons to check your balance.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/check_balance/understanding_balance_updates.txt

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+Q: Why does my account balance fluctuate?
+A: Your balance may change due to pending transactions, transfers, or bank fees applied to your account.
+
+Q: How frequently is my balance updated?
+A: Your balance updates in real-time for most transactions, but some may take longer to process.
+
+Q: Can I see historical balance information?
+A: Yes, you can view historical balance information in the transaction history section of the app or online banking.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/check_balance/what_to_do_if_balance_is_incorrect.txt

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+Q: What should I do if my account balance appears incorrect?
+A: Review your recent transactions for any errors, and contact customer support if discrepancies persist.
+
+Q: How can I dispute a transaction that is affecting my balance?
+A: You can dispute a transaction by contacting customer support and providing details of the transaction in question.
+
+Q: Are there any time limits for disputing a transaction?
+A: Yes, you typically have a limited time frame (usually 60 days) to dispute transactions, so act quickly if you notice an issue.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/manage_payees/benefits_of_authorised_payees.txt

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+Q: What are the benefits of setting up authorised payees?
+A: Benefits include faster payments, reduced errors in transaction details, and enhanced security for recurring payments.
+
+Q: How can authorised payees help me manage my finances better?
+A: Authorised payees allow for easy tracking of regular payments, helping you maintain better control over your finances.
+
+Q: Can I categorise my payees for better organisation?
+A: Yes, categorising your payees can help you manage them more effectively, especially if you have many set up.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/manage_payees/common_issues_with_payees.txt

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+Q: What should I do if I encounter issues with an authorised payee?
+A: Double-check the payee's details for accuracy and ensure they are still an authorised payee on your account.
+
+Q: Why can’t I transfer money to a specific payee?
+A: If a payee is inactive or has been removed, you won't be able to transfer money to them. Check your payee list for updates.
+
+Q: How can I resolve a problem with a payment made to a payee?
+A: Contact customer support for assistance, providing details of the transaction and the issue encountered.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/manage_payees/general_payee_information.txt

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+Q: What is an authorised payee?
+A: An authorised payee is a person or entity that you have approved to receive payments from your account.
+
+Q: Why should I set up authorised payees?
+A: Authorised payees streamline payments and enhance security by reducing the risk of errors in transaction details.
+
+Q: Can I have the same payee for multiple accounts?
+A: Yes, you can set up the same payee for multiple accounts within your Bank of Rasa account.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/manage_payees/payee_management_tips.txt

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+Q: How often should I review my list of authorised payees?
+A: It's advisable to review your payees every few months to ensure only necessary payees are active.
+
+Q: What should I do if I no longer need a payee?
+A: Remove the payee from your authorised list to keep your account secure and up to date.
+
+Q: Can I set reminders for reviewing my payees?
+A: Yes, you can set reminders in your personal calendar to review your payees periodically.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/manage_payees/understanding_payee_types.txt

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+Q: What types of payees can I add?
+A: You can add individuals, companies, or organisations as payees, depending on your payment needs.
+
+Q: Are there any restrictions on adding payees?
+A: Yes, you can only add payees that meet the bank's criteria for authorised payees.
+
+Q: Can I set different payment limits for different payees?
+A: Currently, there is no option to set individual limits for payees; all payees are subject to your overall account limits.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/transfer_money/common_transfer_errors.txt

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+Q: What should I do if my transfer is declined?
+A: If your transfer is declined, check for any errors in the payee details or contact customer support for assistance.
+
+Q: Why might my transfer take longer than expected?
+A: Delays may occur due to incorrect payee information or if the bank needs to perform additional security checks.
+
+Q: Can I correct a mistake in the transfer details after I’ve submitted it?
+A: Unfortunately, once a transfer is submitted, you cannot change the details. You will need to contact customer support for further guidance.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/transfer_money/fees_for_transfers.txt

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+Q: Are there fees associated with transferring money?
+A: Yes, fees may apply for certain types of transfers, particularly international ones. Check your account details for specific charges.
+
+Q: How can I avoid transfer fees?
+A: To avoid fees, use bank-to-bank transfers within the UK whenever possible.
+
+Q: Will I be notified about any fees before completing a transfer?
+A: Yes, you will see a breakdown of any applicable fees before you confirm the transfer.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/transfer_money/general_transfer_information.txt

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+Q: What information do I need to make a transfer?
+A: You'll need the payee's name, account number, sort code, and the amount you wish to transfer.
+
+Q: Can I transfer money internationally?
+A: Yes, you can transfer money internationally, but you may need additional details like the recipient's address.
+
+Q: Are there any restrictions on who I can transfer money to?
+A: Transfers can only be made to authorised payees that you have set up in your account.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/transfer_money/security_tips_for_transfers.txt

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+Q: What are some tips for securely transferring money?
+A: Always double-check the payee details before confirming the transfer, and avoid using public Wi-Fi when accessing banking services.
+
+Q: How can I ensure my transactions are secure?
+A: Use two-factor authentication when available, and monitor your account regularly for any unauthorised transactions.
+
+Q: Should I report any suspicious activities during a transfer?
+A: Yes, immediately contact customer support if you notice anything unusual during the transfer process.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/bank_of_rasa_faq/transfer_money/transfer_processing_times.txt

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+Q: How long does a transfer usually take to process?
+A: Domestic transfers typically process within a few hours, while international transfers may take 1-5 working days.
+
+Q: What factors can affect the processing time of a transfer?
+A: Factors such as incorrect payee details, bank holidays, and security checks can delay the processing time.
+
+Q: Can I track the status of my transfer?
+A: Yes, you can track the status of your transfer through the app or online banking.

rasa/cli/project_templates/finance/docs/huggingface_alpaca_dataset/questions_part1.txt

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+0. For a car, what scams can be plotted with 0% financing vs rebate?
+The car deal makes money 3 ways. If you pay in one lump payment. If the payment is greater than what they paid for the car, plus their expenses, they make a profit. They loan you the money. You make payments over months or years, if the total amount you pay is greater than what they paid for the car, plus their expenses, plus their finance expenses they make money. Of course the money takes years to come in, or they sell your loan to another business to get the money faster but in a smaller amount. You trade in a car and they sell it at a profit. Of course that new transaction could be a lump sum or a loan on the used car... They or course make money if you bring the car back for maintenance, or you buy lots of expensive dealer options. Some dealers wave two deals in front of you: get a 0% interest loan. These tend to be shorter 12 months vs 36,48,60 or even 72 months. The shorter length makes it harder for many to afford. If you can't swing the 12 large payments they offer you at x% loan for y years that keeps the payments in your budget. pay cash and get a rebate. If you take the rebate you can't get the 0% loan. If you take the 0% loan you can't get the rebate. The price you negotiate minus the rebate is enough to make a profit. The key is not letting them know which offer you are interested in. Don't even mention a trade in until the price of the new car has been finalized. Otherwise they will adjust the price, rebate, interest rate, length of loan,  and trade-in value to maximize their profit. The suggestion of running the numbers through a spreadsheet is a good one. If you get a loan for 2% from your bank/credit union for 3 years and the rebate from the dealer, it will cost less in total than the 0% loan from the dealer. The key is to get the loan approved by the bank/credit union before meeting with the dealer. The money from the bank looks like cash to the dealer.
+
+1. Why does it matter if a Central Bank has a negative rather than 0% interest rate?
+That is kind of the point, one of the hopes is that it incentivizes banks to stop storing money and start injecting it into the economy themselves. Compared to the European Central Bank investing directly into the economy the way the US central bank has been doing. (The Federal Reserve buying mortgage backed securities) On a country level, individual European countries have tried this before in recent times with no noticeable effect.
+
+2. Where should I be investing my money?
+Pay off your debt.  As you witnessed, no "investment" % is guaranteed.  But your debt payments are... so if you have cash, the best way to "invest" it is to pay off your debt.  Since your car is depreciating while your house may be appreciating (don't know but it's possible) you should pay off your car loan first.  You're losing money in more than one way on that investment.
+
+3. Specifically when do options expire?
+Equity options, at least those traded in the American exchanges, actually expire the Saturday after the 3rd Friday of the month.  However, the choice to trade or exercise the options must be specified by the 3rd Friday. This is outlined by the CBOE, who oversees the exchange of equity options.  Their FAQ regarding option expiration can be found at http://www.cboe.com/LearnCenter/Concepts/Beyond/expiration.aspx.
+
+4. Negative Balance from Automatic Options Exercise. What to do?
+Automatic exercisions can be extremely risky, and the closer to the money the options are, the riskier their exercisions are. It is unlikely that the entire account has negative equity since a responsible broker would forcibly close all positions and pursue the holder for the balance of the debt to reduce solvency risk.  Since the broker has automatically exercised a near the money option, it's solvency policy is already risky. Regardless of whether there is negative equity or simply a liability, the least risky course of action is to sell enough of the underlying to satisfy the loan by closing all other positions if necessary as soon as possible. If there is a negative equity after trying to satisfy the loan, the account will need to be funded for the balance of the loan to pay for purchases of the underlying to fully satisfy the loan. Since the underlying can move in such a way to cause this loan to increase, the account should also be funded as soon as possible if necessary. Accounts after exercise For deep in the money exercised options, a call turns into a long underlying on margin while a put turns into a short underlying. The next decision should be based upon risk and position selection.  First, if the position is no longer attractive, it should be closed.  Since it's deep in the money, simply closing out the exposure to the underlying should extinguish the liability as cash is not marginable, so the cash received from the closing out of the position will repay any margin debt. If the position in the underlying is still attractive then the liability should be managed according to one's liability policy and of course to margin limits. In a margin account, closing the underlying positions on the same day as the exercise will only be considered a day trade.  If the positions are closed on any business day after the exercision, there will be no penalty or restriction. Cash option accounts While this is possible, many brokers force an upgrade to a margin account, and the ShareBuilder Options Account Agreement seems ambiguous, but their options trading page implies the upgrade. In a cash account, equities are not marginable, so any margin will trigger a margin call.  If the margin debt did not trigger a margin call then it is unlikely that it is a cash account as margin for any security in a cash account except for certain options trades is 100%. Equities are convertible to cash presumably at the bid, so during a call exercise, the exercisor or exercisor's broker pays cash for the underlying at the exercise price, and any deficit is financed with debt, thus underlying can be sold to satisfy that debt or be sold for cash as one normally would. To preempt a forced exercise as a call holder, one could short the underlying, but this will be more expensive, and since probably no broker allows shorting against the box because of its intended use to circumvent capital gains taxes by fraud.  The least expensive way to trade out of options positions is to close them themselves rather than take delivery.
+
+5. Approximation of equity value for company in default
+Generally "default" means that the company cannot pay off their debts, and since debt holders get paid before equity holders, their equity would be effectively worthless. That said, companies can emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy (reorganization) and retain equity value, but it is rare. Most times, stocks are de-listed or frozen on stock exchanges, and company's reorganization plan will cancel all existing equity shares, instead focusing all of their attention on paying back as much debt as possible. If the company issues new equity after reorganizing, it might provide a way for holders of the original equity to exchange their shares for the new equity, but it is rare, and the value is usually significantly less that the value of the original equity.
+
+6. Is it true that 90% of investors lose their money?
+The game is not zero sum. When a friend and I chop down a tree, and build a house from it, the house has value, far greater than the value of a standing tree. Our labor has turned into something of value.  In theory, a company starts from an idea, and offers either a good or service to create value. There are scams that make it seem like a Vegas casino. There are times a stock will trade for well above what it should. When I buy the S&P index at a fair price for 1000 (through an etf or fund) and years later it's 1400, the gain isn't out of someone else's pocket, else the amount of wealth in the world would be fixed and that's not the case. Over time, investors lag the market return for multiple reasons, trading costs, bad timing, etc. Statements such as "90% lose money" are hyperbole meant to separate you from your money. A self fulfilling prophesy.   The question of lagging the market is another story - I have no data to support my observation, but I'd imagine that well over 90% lag the broad market. A detailed explanation is too long for this forum, but simply put, there are trading costs. If I invest in an S&P ETF that costs .1% per year, I'll see a return of say 9.9% over decades if the market return is 10%. Over 40 years, this is 4364% compounded, vs the index 4526% compounded, a difference of less than 4% in final wealth. There are load funds that charge more than this just to buy in (5% anyone?).  Lagging by a small fraction is a far cry from 'losing money.'  There is an annual report by a company named Dalbar that tracks investor performance. For the 20 year period ending 12/31/10 the S&P returned 9.14% and Dalbar calculates the average investor had an average return of 3.83%. Pretty bad, but not zero. Since you don't cite a particular article or source, there may be more to the story. Day traders are likely to lose. As are a series of other types of traders in other markets, Forex for one.  While your question may be interesting, its premise of "many experts say...." without naming even one leaves room for doubt.  Note - I've updated the link for the 2015 report. And 4 years later, I see that when searching on that 90% statistic, the articles are about day traders. That actually makes sense to me.
+
+7. Can a company charge you for services never requested or received?
+In general, you can only be charged for services if there is some kind of contract. The contract doesn't have to be written, but you have to have agreed to it somehow. However, it is possible that you entered into a contract due to some clause in the home purchase contract or the contract with the home owners' association. There are also sometimes services you are legally required to get, such as regular inspection of heating furnaces (though I don't think this translates to automatic contracts). But in any case you would not be liable for services rendered before you entered into the contract, which sounds like it's the case here.
+
+8. Working out if I should be registered as self-employed in the UK
+Being self employed just means you fill out some more forms in your annual self assessment for your "profit" from being self employed.  Profit = all the money you receive, minus any tax deductible cost that you spent for making that money (and all the cost must be documented, which means you have a folder with all the receipts and keep it safe). You pay normal income tax on all the profit, which means it is just added to your taxable income. What you do with the profit is up to you; you don't pay yourself a salary, just take the money (make sure you leave enough to pay your taxes).
+
+9. About eToro investments
+For eToro, just like any other brokerage firm, you can lose your entire capital. I suggest that you invest in one or more exchange-traded funds that track major indexes.  If not, just put your money in fixed deposit accounts; gain a bit of interest and establish an emergency fund first before investing money that you feel you are able to lose.
+
+10. Pay off car loan entirely or leave $1 until the end of the loan period?
+Not sure if it is the same in the States as it is here in the UK (or possibly even depends on the lender) but if you have any amount outstanding on the loan then you wouldn't own the vehicle, the loan company would. This often offers extra protection if something goes wrong with the vehicle - a loan company talking to the manufacturer to get it resolved carries more weight than an individual. The laon company will have an army of lawyers (should it get that far) and a lot more resources to deal with anything, they may also throw in a courtesy car etc.
+
+11. Including the region where you live in your investment portfolio?
+Diversification is a risk-mitigation strategy. When you invest in equities, you generally get a higher rate of return than a fixed income investment. But you have risks... a single company's market value can decline for all sorts of reasons, including factors outside of the control of management. Diversification lets you spread risk and concentrate on sectors that you feel offer the best value. Investing outside of your currency zone allows you to diversify more, but also introduces currency risks, which require a whole other level of understanding. Today, investing in emerging markets is very popular for US investors because these economies are booming and US monetary policy has been weakening the dollar for some time. A major bank failure in China or a flip to a strong dollar policy could literally implode those investments overnight. At the end of the day, invest in what you understand. Know the factors that can lower your investment value.
+
+12. Are there any rules against penalizing consumers for requesting accurate credit reporting?
+The Fair Credit Reporting Act specifies in some detail on pages 50-54 (as labeled in the footer, 55-59 as pages in pdf) the process that occurs when a consumer initiates a dispute.  The safe outcome for the reporting agency is to remove the information in dispute  from reports within 30 days if the reporting party does not certify the information is complete and accurate (with other statutory timelines for communication to the customer and the reporter).   If you initiate a dispute, then the agency is following the law by deleting the reported information, outside new input from the furnisher.  If this is unsatisfactory, you have the following statutory right within § 611. Procedure in case of disputed accuracy [15 U.S.C. § 1681i (d) Notification of deletion of disputed information. Following any deletion of   information which is found to be inaccurate or whose accuracy can no longer   be verified or any notation as to disputed information, the consumer   reporting agency shall, at the request of the consumer, furnish notification   that the item has been deleted or the statement, codification or summary   pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) of this section to any person specifically   designated by the consumer who has within two years prior thereto received   a consumer report for employment purposes, or within six months   prior thereto received a consumer report for any other purpose, which   contained the deleted or disputed information.  The section that binds furnishers of information (§ 623. Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies [15 U.S.C. § 1681s-2], starting on page 78 in the footer) places on them the following specific duties: (B) Reporting information after notice and confirmation of errors.   A person shall not furnish information relating to a consumer to   any consumer reporting agency if   (i) the person has been notified by the consumer, at the address   specified by the person for such notices, that specific   information is inaccurate; and   (ii) the information is, in fact, inaccurate. ... (2) Duty to correct and update information. A person who   (A) regularly and in the ordinary course of business furnishes information   to one or more consumer reporting agencies about the   person’s transactions or experiences with any consumer; and   (B) has furnished to a consumer reporting agency information   that the person determines is not complete or accurate, shall   promptly notify the consumer reporting agency of that determination   and provide to the agency any corrections to that information,   or any additional information, that is necessary to make   the information provided by the person to the agency complete   and accurate, and shall not thereafter furnish to the agency any   of the information that remains not complete or accurate. So there you have it: they have to stop reporting inaccurate information, and "promptly" notify the credit agency once they've determined what is incomplete or inaccurate. I note no specific statutory timeline for this investigation.
+
+13. What are the reasons to get more than one credit card?
+Another good reason: if you have to replace a card due to damage, loss, or identity theft it's nice to have a backup you can use until the new card for your primary account arrives. I know folks who use a secondary card for online purchases specifically so they can kill it if necessary without impacting their other uses, online arguably being at more risk. If there's no yearly fee, and if you're already paying the bill in full every month, a second card/account is mostly harmless. If you have trouble restraining yourself with one card, a second could be dangerous.
+
+14. Why is economic growth so important?
+One of the best answers to this question that I've ever read is in a paper published by Robert Lucas in the Journal of Economic Perspectives. That journal is meant to a be a place for experts to write about their area of expertise (in economics) for a general but still technically-minded audience. They recently opened up the journal as free to the public, which is a fantastic resource -- you no longer need a subscription to JSTOR (or whatever) to read it.  You can read the abstract to the paper, and find a link to it, here. One of the things that I like a lot about this paper is that it strips out absolutely everything even slightly unnecessary to thinking about a macroeconomy, and just discusses what one can arrive at with a very very simple model. Of course, with great simplicity come sacrifice about details. However, it does a great job of answering your question, "why do people care about growth?" A quick note: the key to understanding the answer to your question is to think about things in terms of "the long term"  -- not even looking forward to the future, because we'll be dead by then, but looking back to the past. The key to the importance of growth is that, for the last ~200 years, the US has, on average, had maybe 2-3% "real growth" per year (I'm pulling these numbers out of my head; I think much better numbers are in that paper somewhere). On average, over that period of time, this growth has meant that the quality of life that one has, if one lives in a country experiencing this growth, is enormous compared to countries that do not experience this average growth over that period.  Statistically speaking, growth is also somewhat auto-correlated. Roughly speaking, if it was low the last few periods, you can expect it to be low the next period. Same thing if it's high.   Then, the reason we care about growth right now: if you have too many periods of low growth, pretty soon the average "over the long term" growth will be pulled down -- and then quality of life can't be higher in the future (which quickly becomes someone's "present"). The paper above makes this point with a very simple model. Of course, none of this touches on distributional issues, which are another issue entirely. With respect to, "The economy needs to grow to just keep up with its debt repayments," I think the answer is along the lines of, "sometimes countries get into debt expecting that growth will increase their resources in the future, and thus they can pay back their debt." That strategy is, of course, the strategy that anyone borrowing ("taking out a loan") should be employing -- you should expect that your future income will be enough to pay back your interest+principle on a loan you took. Otherwise you're irresponsible. At the aggregate level, production is the nation's "income" -- it is what you have, all that you have (as a nation) to pay back any debt you've incurred at the national level.
+
+15. Investment strategy for retired couple
+You need to have them consult with a financial adviser that has a focus on issues for seniors. This is because they are beyond the saving for retirement phase and are now in the making-their-money-last phase. They also have issues related to health insurance, IRA RMDs, long term care insurance. The adviser will need to review what they have and determine how to make sure it is what they need. It is great idea for you to go along with them so you can understand what needs to be done. You will want an adviser that charges you a fee for making the plan, not one that makes a commission based on what products you buy or invest in.
+
+16. What is the US Fair Tax?
+You asked about the challenges. The transition itself is the biggest one. For people to get used to the tax at the register vs at their paycheck. For a great number of people to find new work. I don't know the numbers, but anyone involved with personal income taxes would be out of work. Sales tax is already part of the process in most states, bumping it to a federal tax wont add too much in overhead.  I make no moral judgment, but consider, most prostitutes and drug dealers are avoiding income tax, but they still are buying the same goods in stores you and I are. This proposed tax reduces the collection noncompliance, and brings more people into "the system".  Another factor some may not like is the ability to affect behavior by picking and choosing what to promote, via deductions, such as home buying or charity.

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+150. What exactly is a “derivative”?
+A derivative is a financial instrument of a special kind, the kind “whose price depends on, or is derived from, another asset”.  This definition is from John Hull, Options, Futures and Other Derivatives – a book definitely worth to own if you are curious about this, you can easily find old copies for a few dollars. The first point is that a derivative is a financial instrument, like credits, or insurances, the second point is that its price depends closely from the price of something else, the mentioned asset. In most cases derivatives can be understood as financial insurances against some risk bound to the asset. In the sequel I give a small list of derivatives and highlight the assets and the risk they can be bound to.  And first, let me point out that the definition is (marginally) wrong because some derivatives depend on things which are not assets, nor do they have a price, like temperature, sunlight, or even your own life in the case of mortgages.  But before going in this list, let me go through the remaining points of your question. What is the basic idea and concept behind a derivative? As already noted, in most cases, a derivative can be understood as a financial insurance compensating from a risk of some sort.  In a classical insurance contract, one party of the contract is an insurance company, but in the broader case of a derivative, that counterparty can be pretty anything: an insurance, a bank, a government, a large company, and most probably market makers. How is it really used, and how does this deviate from the first point? Briefly, how does is it affecting people, and how is it causing problems? An important point with derivatives is that it can be arbitrarily complicated to compute their prices.  Actually what is hidden in the attempt of giving a definition for derivatives, is that they are products whose price Y is a measurable function of one or several random variables X_1, X_2, … X_n on which we can use the theory of arbitrage pricing to get hints on the actual price Y of the asset – this is what the depends on means in technical terms.  In the most favorable case, we obtain an easy formula linking Y to the X_is which tells us what is the price of our financial instrument. But in practice, it can be very difficult, if at all possible, to determine a price for derivatives. This has two implications: Persons possessing sophisticated techniques to compute the price of derivatives have a strategic advantage on derivatives market, in comparison to less advanced actors on the market. Organisation owning assets they cannot price cannot compute their bilan anymore, so that they cannot know for sure their financial situation. They are somehow playing roulette. But wait, if derivatives are insurances they should help to mitigate some financial risk, which precisely means that they should help their owners to more accurately see their financial situation! How is this not a contradiction? Some persons with sophisticated techniques to compute the price of derivatives are actually selling complicated derivatives to less knowledgeable persons.  For instance, many communes in France and Germany have contracted credits whose reimbursements have a fixed interest part, like in a classical credit, and a variable interest part whose rate is computed against a complicated formula involving the value of the Swiss frank at each quarter starting from the inception of the credit.  (So, for a 25 years running credit of theis type, the price Y of the credit at its inception depends on 100 Xs, which are the uncertain prices for the Swiss frank each quarter of the 25 next years.)  Some of these communes can be quite small, with 5.000 inhabitants, and needless to say, do not have the required expertise to analyse the risks bound to such instruments, which in that special case led the court call the credit a swindling and to cancel the credit.  But what chain of events leads a 5.000 inhabitants city in France to own a credit whose reimbursements depends on the Swiss frank?  After the credit crunch in 2007 and the fall of Lehman Brothers in 2008, it has begun to be very hard to organise funding, which basically means to conclude credits running long in time on large amounts of money.  So, the municipality needs a 25 years credit of 10.000.000 EUROS and goes to its communal bank.  The communal bank has hundreds or thousands of municipalities looking for credits and needs itself a financing.  So the communal bank goes to one of the five largest financial institutions in the world, which insists on selling a huge credit whose reimbursements have a variable part depending on hundred of values the Swiss frank will have in the 25 next years. Since the the big bank has better computation techniques than the small bank it makes a big profit.  Since the small bank has no idea, how to compute the correct price of the credit it bought, it cuts this in pieces and sell it in the same form to the various communes it works with.  If we were to attribute this kind of intentions to the largest five banks, we could ask about the possibility that they designed the credit to take advantage of the primitive evaluation methods of the small bank. We could also ask if they organised a cartel to force communal banks to buy their bermudean snowballs. And we could also ask, if they are so influent that they eventually can manipulate the Swiss frank to secure an even higher profit.  But I will not go into this.  To the best of my understanding, the subprime crisis is a play along the same plot, with different actors, but I know this latter subject only by what I could read in French newspapers. So much for the “How is it causing problems?” part. What is some of the terminology in relation to derivatives (and   there meanings of course)? Answering this question is basically the purpose of the 7 first chapters of the book by Hull, along with deriving some important mathematical principles.  And I will not copy these seven chapters here! How would someone get started dealing in derivatives (I'm playing a     realistic stock market simulation, so it doesn't matter if your     answer to this costs me money)? If you ask the question, I understand that you are not a professional, so that your are actually trying to become the one that has money and zero knowledge in the play I outlined above. I would recommand not doing this.  That said, if you have a good mathematical background and can program well, once you are confindent with the books of Hull and Joshi, you can have fun implementing various market models and implementing trading strategies. Once you are confident with this, you can also read the articles on quantitative finance on arXiv.org. And once you are done with this, you can decide for yourself if you want to play the same market as the guys writing these articles. (And yes, even for the simplest options, they have better models than you have and will systematically outperform you in the long run, even if some random successes will give you the feeling that you do well and could do better.) (indeed, I've made it a personal goal to somehow lose every last cent of my money) You know your weapons! :) Two parties agree today on a price for one to deliver a commodity to the other at some future instant.  This is a classical future contract, it can be modified in every imaginable way, usually by embedding options.  For instance one party could have the option to choose between different delivery points or delivery days. Two parties write today a contract allowing the one party to buy at some future time a commodity to the the second party.  The price is written today, as part of the contract.  (There is the corresponding option entitling the owner to sell something.)  Unlike the future contract, only one party can be obliged to do something, the other jas a right but no obligation. If you buy and option, your are buying some sort of insurance against a change of price on some asset. This is the most familiar to anybody.  Credits can come in many different flavours, especially the formula to compute interests, or also embed options.  Common options are early settlement options or restructuration options. While this is not completely inutitive, the credit works like an insurance.  This is most easily understood from the side of the organisation lending the money, that speculates that the ratio of creanciers going bankrupt will be low enough for her to make profit, just like a fire insurance company speculates that the ratio of fire accidents will be low enough for her to make a profit. This is like a mortgage on a financial institution.  Two parties agree that one will recive an upfront today and give a compensation to the second one if some third party defaults. Here this is an explicit insurance against the unfortuante event, where a creancier goes bankrupt. One finds here more or less standard options on electricity. But electricity have delicious particularities as it can practically not be stored, and fallout is also (usually) avoided. As for classical options, these are insurances against price moves. A swap is like two complementary credits on the same amount of money, so that it ends up in the two parties not actually exchanging the credit nominal and only paying interest one to the other — which makes only sense if these interests are computed with different formulas. Typical example are fixed rate vs. EURIBOR on some given maturity, which we interpret as an insurance against fluctuations of the EURIBOR, or a fixed rate vs. the exchange ratio between two currencies, which we interpret as an insurance against the two currencies decorrelating. Swaps are the richest and the most generic category of financial derivatives.  The off-the-counter market features very imaginative, very customised insurance products. The most basic form is the insurance against drought, but you can image different dangers, and once you have it you can put it in options, in a swap, etc.  For instance, a restaurant with a terrasse could enter in a weather insurance, paying each year a fixed amount of money and becoming in return an amount of money based on the amount of rainy day in a year. Actually, this list is virtually without limits!
+
+151. What happens to the original funds when a certified bank check is not cashed?
+The answer probably varies with local law, and you haven't said where you're located. In most or all US states, it appears that after some statutory length of time, the bank would transfer the money to the state government, where it would be held indefinitely as "unclaimed property" in the name of the recipient (technically, the payee, the person to whom the check is made payable).  This process is called escheatment.  Most states publish a list of all unclaimed property, so at some later date the payee could find their name on this list, and realize they were entitled to the funds.  There would then be a process by which the payee could claim the funds from the state.   Usually the state keeps any interest earned on the money. As far as I know, there typically wouldn't be any way for you, the person who originated the payment, to collect the money after escheatment.  (Before escheatment, if you have the uncashed check in your possession, you can usually return it to the bank and have it refunded to you.) I had trouble finding an authoritative source explaining this, but a number of informal sources (found by Googling "cashier check escheatment") seem to agree that this is generally how it works.  Here is the web site for a law firm, saying that in California an uncashed cashier's check escheats to the state after 3 years. Until escheatment occurs, the recipient can cash the check at any time.  I don't think that cashier's checks become "stale" like personal checks do, and there isn't any situation in which the funds would automatically revert to you.
+
+152. Shares; are they really only for the rich/investors?
+Small purchases will have a disproportionate expense for commissions. Even a $5 trade fee is 5% on a $100 purchase. So on one hand, it's common to advise individuals just starting out to use mutual funds, specifically index funds with low fees. On the flip side, holding stocks has no annual fee, and if you are buying for the long term, you may still be better off with an eye toward cost, and learn over time.  In theory, an individual stands a better chance to beat the experts for a number of reasons, no shareholders to answer to, and the ability to purchase without any disclosure, among them. In reality, most investor lag the average by such a wide margin, they'd be best off indexing and staying in for the long term.
+
+153. How long does it take for money to transfer into a mastercard?
+In a nutshell, as long as they (Sparkasse) choose to. I work with banks where it happens the moment I submit the transaction (so the next screen already shows the new totals), and I work with banks that make it take 3 days. In the past, Sparkasse and Raifeissenkassen were especially famous to take a looong time ('Wir nehmen mehr als Geld und Zinsen...' - they supposedly work with the money inbetween, as it is gone from the source account but not arrived in the target account yet); that might have changed (or not). Probably Sparkasse has a statement in their fineprint on how long they make it take. I would expect one business day in today's environment, but I didn't look it up.
+
+154. Does borrowing from my 401(k) make sense in my specific circumstance?
+I completely agree with Pete that a 401(k) loan is not the answer, but I have an alternate proposal: Reduce your 401(k) contribution down to the 4% that you get a match on.  If you are cash poor now and have debts to be cleaned up, those need to be addressed before retirement savings.  You'll have plenty of time to make up the lost savings after you get the debts paid off.   If your company matches 50% (meaning you have to contribute 8% to get the 4% match), then consider temporarily stopping your 401(k) altogether. A 100% match is very hard to give up, but a 50% match is less difficult.  You have plenty of years left ahead of you to make up the lost match.  Plus, the pain of knowing you're leaving money on the table will incentivize you to get the loans paid as quickly as possible.  It seems to me that I would be reducing middle to high interest debt while also saving myself $150 per month.  No, you'd be deferring $150 per month for an additional two years, and not reducing debt at all, just moving it to a different lender. Interest rate is not your problem.  Right now you're paying less than $30 per month in interest on these 3 loans and about $270 in principal, and at the current rate should have them paid off in about 2 years.  You're wanting to extend these loans to 4 years by borrowing from your retirement savings.   I would buckle down, reduce expenses wherever possible (cable? cell phone? coffee? movies? restaurants?) until you get these debts paid off.  You make $70,000 per year, or almost $6,000 per month.  I bet if you try hard enough you can come up with $1,100 fairly quickly. Then the next $1,200 should come twice as fast. Then attack the next $4,000. (You can argue whether the $1,200 should come first because of the interest rate, but in the end it doesn't matter - either one should be paid off very quickly, so the interest saved is negligible) Maybe you can get one of them paid off, get yourself some breathing room, then loosen up a little bit, but extending the pain for an additional two years is not wise. Some more drastic measures:
+
+155. Does FIFO cost basis applies across multiple accounts?
+To sum up: My question came from misunderstanding what cost basis applies to. Now I get it that it applies to stocks as physical entities. Consider a chain of buys of 40 stock A with prices $1-$4-$10-$15 (qty 10 each time) then IRS wants to know exactly which stock I am selling. And when I transfer stocks to different account, that cost basis transfers with them. Cost basis is included in transfers, so that removes ambiguity which stock is being sold on the original account. In the example above, cost basis of 20 stocks moved to a new account would probably be $1 x 10 and $4 x 10, i.e. FIFO also applies to transfers.
+
+156. Student loan payments and opportunity costs
+I'll use similar logic to Dave Ramsey to answer this question because this is a popular question when we're talking about paying off any debt early.  Also, consider this tweet and what it means for student loans - to you, they're debt, to the government, they're assets. If you had no debt at all and enough financial assets to cover the cost, would you borrow money at [interest rate] to obtain a degree?  Put it in the housing way, if you paid off your home, would you pull out an equity loan/line for a purchase when you have enough money in savings?  I can't answer the question for you or anyone else, as you can probably find many people who will see benefits to either. I can tell you two observations I've made about this question (it comes a lot with housing) over time.  First, it tends to come up a lot when stocks are in a bubble to the point where people begin to consider borrowing from 0% interest rate credit cards to buy stocks (or float bills for a while).  How quickly people forget what it feels (and looks like) when you see your financial assets drop 50-60%!  It's not Wall Street that's greedy, it's most average investors.  Second, people asking this question generally overlook the behavior behind the action; as Carnegie said, "Concentration is the key to wealth" and concentrating your financial energy on something, instead of throwing it all over the place, can simplify your life.  This is one reason why lottery winners don't keep their winnings: their financial behavior was rotten before winning, and simply getting a lot of money seldom changes behavior.  Even if you get paid a lot or little, that's irrelevant to success because success requires behavior and when you master the behavior everything else (like money, happiness, peace of mind, etc) follows.
+
+157. what is the best way of investment which gives returns forever?
+What is the best way that I can invest money so that I can always get   returns? If you want something that doesn't require any work on your end, consider having a fee-only financial planner make a plan so that your investments can be automated to generate a cash flow for you or get an annuity as the other classic choices here as most other choices will require some time commitment in one form or other. Note that for stock investments there could be rare instances like what happened for a week in September in 2001 where the markets were closed for 5 days straight that can be the hiccup in having stocks. Bonds can carry a risk of default where there have been municipalities that defaulted on debt as well as federal governments like Russia in the 1990s. Real estate may be subject to natural disasters or other market forces that may prevent there always being a monthly payment coming as if you own a rental property then what happens if there aren't tenants because there was an evacuation of the area? There may be some insurance products to cover some of these cases though what if there are exceptionally high claims all at once that may have an insurance company go under? Would it be to set up an FD in a bank, to buy land, to buy a rental   house, to buy a field, or maybe to purchase gold?  What investment of your own time do you plan on making here? Both in terms of understanding what your long-term strategy is and then the maintenance of the plan. If you put the money in the bank, are you expecting that the interest rate will always be high enough to give you sufficient cash to live as well as having no financial crisis with the bank or currency you are using? Are there any better investments? You may want to reconsider what assumptions you want to make and what risks you want to accept as there isn't likely to be a single solution here that would be perfect.
+
+158. Recourse with Credit Card company after victimized by fraud?
+If the business is being investigated by your state's Attorney General's office, then your first call should be to that office.  They will be able to help you in a few ways, even if they can't explicitly resolve the situation, and they also would undoubtedly appreciate your information to add to their case as well. First, they may be able to tell you how other victims have had their cases resolved, particularly if any went to court on their own.  While they won't be able to provide you with personal information of the other victims unless it is public knowledge (via a court case), the information about how the other victims resolved the cases may be helpful - both to show what to do, and what not to do. Second, they may be able to put you in contact with an attorney who is handling other cases like yours. That may reduce the cost of the attorney (as they'll have already done some of the work), and may mean that the attorney is willing to work with no up front fee on the assumption of winning the case. Third, if there are options for getting your money back without a court case, the AG's office may be able to help provide those as well. If the Attorney General's office is unable to help you, then your best bet is to contact an attorney on your own - look for one who specializes in consumer protection and fraud.  This is the purpose attorneys exist for: pursuing your interests against another's.  Let them do their job.  Do make an effort to find a good, honest attorney; you may find some help on how to do this on law.se if you need it (not actual recommendations, mind you, just help with how you would go about finding one).  It sounds like your claim would be above and beyond the level of a small claims court lawsuit, but verify this in your jurisdiction; if small claims court goes up to $10,000, you may be able to pursue it there on your own - but I would still get some help from an attorney, at least finding out what you would need to win.
+
+159. Facebook buying WhatsApp for 19 Billion. How are existing shareholders affected?
+Of course it is a dilution of existing shareholders. When you buy milk in the supermarket - don't you feel your wallet diluted a little? You give some $$$ you get milk in return. You give some shares, you get Watsapp in return. That's why such purchases must go through certain process of approval - board of directors (shareholders' representatives) must approve it, and in some cases (don't know if in this particular) - the whole body of the shareholders vote on the deal.
+
+160. Why would a company care about the price of its own shares in the stock market?
+Fiduciary They are obligated by the rules of the exchanges they are listed with. Furthermore, there is a strong chance that people running the company also have stock, so it personally benefits them to create higher prices. Finally, maybe they don't care about the prices directly, but by being a good company with a good product or service, they are desirable and that is expressed as a higher stock price.  Not every action is because it will raise the stock price, but because it is good for business which happens to make the stock more valuable.
+
+161. Using Loan to Invest - Paying Monthly Installments with Monthly Income
+The best strategy? Skip the loan. Find a way to invest for a low starting amount via a retirement account (such as a 401K or IRA in the United States) or non-retirement account. Use this money to buy individual stocks or funds. Every month put money from your regular income into this investment account. Then buy more stocks or sell if the conditions change based on what the market is doing, not to meet a loan payment. This helps you because if the price fluctuates you will buy more shares if the price is down; and you will buy fewer shares when the price is up. It also allows you to skip worrying about how to repay the loan. It also means that you not have to pull more money out of savings to make the final loan payments if it doesn't make as much money as you plan. Regarding your math. This is a better understanding of the money flow than the earlier question.
+
+162. What options exist to make money in the US on a work-restricted visa?
+Income generated from online sales is not considered "passive income", so you need to be authorized to work in the U.S. Those without work authorization can acquire passive income (through investments, lending, competition/contest earnings, etc.) In order to sell products on eBay (the description you've given leads me to believe that this is operated as a business), you need to be authorized to work in the U.S., and register a business. See:
+
+163. Placing limit order and stop loss on same stock at same time
+From your question, I am guessing that you are intending to have stoploss buy order. is the stoploss order is also a buy order ?  As you also said, you seems to limit your losses, I am again guessing that you have short position of the stock, to which you are intending to place a buy limit order and buy stoploss order (stoploss helps when when the price tanks). And also I sense that you intend to place buy limit order at the price below the market price. is that the situation?  If you place two independent orders (one limit buy and one stoploss buy). Please remember that there will be situation where two orders also get executed due to market movements. Add more details to the questions. it helps to understand the situation and others can provide a strategic solution.
+
+164. Why could rental costs for apartments/houses rise while buying prices can go up and down?
+I am from Australia, so my answer is based on my experience over here, however it should be similar for the USA. Generally, what determines both the price of houses/apartments and the rents for them is supply and demand. When there is high demand and low supply prices (or rents) generally go up. When there is low demand and high supply prices (or rents) usually go down. What can sometimes happen when house prices go down, is that the demand can drop but so can supply. As the prices drop, developers will make less money on building new houses, so stop building new houses. Other developers can go bankrupt. As less people (including investors) are buying houses, and more people (including investors) try to sell their existing houses, there will be more people looking to rent and less rental properties available to rent. This produces a perfect storm of high demand and low supply of rental properties, causing rents to rise strongly. When the property prices start to go up again as demand increases, there is a shortfall of new properties being built (due to the developers not building during the downturn). At this time developers start to build again but there is a lag time before the new houses can be completed. This lack of supply puts more pressure on both house prices and rents to go up further. Until equilibrium between supply and demand is realised or an oversupply of rental properties exists in the market, rents will continue to rise.
+
+165. What do I need to do to form an LLC?
+I know that there are a lot service on the internet helping to form an LLC online with a fee around $49. Is it neccessarry to pay them to have an LLC or I can do that myself? No, you can do it yourself. The $49 is for your convenience, but there's nothing they can do that you wouldn't be able to do on your own. What I need to know and what I need to do before forming an LLC? You need to know that LLC is a legal structure that is designed to provide legal protections. As such, it is prudent to talk to a legal adviser, i.e.: a Virginia-licensed attorney. Is it possible if I hire some employees who living in India? Is the salary for my employees a expense? Do I need to claim this expense? This, I guess, is entirely unrelated to your questions about LLC. Yes, it is possible. The salary you pay your employees is your expense. You need to claim it, otherwise you'd be inflating your earnings which in certain circumstances may constitute fraud. What I need to do to protect my company? For physical protection, you'd probably hire a security guard. If you're talking about legal protections, then again - talk to a lawyer. What can I do to reduce taxes? Vote for a politician that promises to reduce taxes. Most of them never deliver though. Otherwise you can do what everyone else is doing - tax planning. That is - plan ahead your expenses, time your invoices and utilize tax deferral programs etc. Talk to your tax adviser, who should be a EA or a CPA licensed in Virginia. What I need to know after forming an LLC? You'll need to learn what are the filing requirements in your State (annual reports, tax reports, business taxes, sales taxes, payroll taxes, etc). Most are the same for same proprietors and LLCs, so you probably will not be adding to much extra red-tape. Your attorney and tax adviser will help you with this, but you can also research yourself on the Virginia department of corporations/State department (whichever deals with LLCs).
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+166. What options do I have at 26 years old, with 1.2 million USD?
+That's what I would do; 1.2 million dollars is a lot of money, but it doesn't make you retired for the rest of your life: There is a big crisis coming soon (my personal prediction) in the next 10-15 years, and when this happens: government will hold your money if you leave them in the bank (allowing you to use just part of it; you will have to prove the reason you need it), government will pass bills to make it very hard to close your investment positions, and government will pass new laws to create new taxes for people with a lot of money (you). To have SOME level of security I would separate my investment in the following: 20% I would buy gold certificates and the real thing (I would put the gold in a safe(s)). 20% I would put in bitcoin (you would have to really study this if you are new to crypto currency in order to be safe). 40% I would invest in regular finance products (bonds, stocks and options, FX). 20% I would keep in the bank for life expenses, specially if you don't want work for money any more. 20% I would invest in startup companies exchanging high risk hoping for a great return. Those percentages might change a little depending how good/confident you become after investing, knowing about business, etc...