quack-kernels 0.1.9__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.11__py3-none-any.whl

quack/dense_gemm_sm90.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2474 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import argparse
+import enum
+from typing import Tuple, Type, Callable, Optional
+from functools import partial
+import math
+
+import cuda.bindings.driver as cuda
+
+import torch
+
+import cutlass
+import cutlass.cute as cute
+import cutlass.pipeline as pipeline
+import cutlass.torch as cutlass_torch
+from cutlass.cute.runtime import from_dlpack, make_ptr
+from cutlass.cute.nvgpu import cpasync, warp, warpgroup
+import cutlass.utils.hopper_helpers as sm90_utils
+from cutlass import Int32, const_expr
+
+from quack.tile_scheduler import (
+    TileSchedulerArguments,
+    TileScheduler,
+    VarlenMTileSchedulerArguments,
+    VarlenMTileScheduler,
+    ParamsBase,
+    RasterOrderOption,
+)
+from quack.tensormap_manager import TensorMapManagerSm90
+
+# return PipelineStateWAdvance instead of PipelineState
+from quack.pipeline import make_pipeline_state, PipelineTmaCpAsync
+import quack.utils as utils
+
+"""
+A high-performance batched dense GEMM (C = A * B) example for the NVIDIA Hopper architecture
+using CUTE DSL.
+- Matrix A is MxKxL, L is batch dimension, A can be row-major("K") or column-major("M")
+- Matrix B is NxKxL, L is batch dimension, B can be row-major("N") or column-major("K")
+- Matrix C is MxNxL, L is batch dimension, C can be row-major("N") or column-major("M")
+
+This GEMM kernel supports the following features:
+    - Utilizes Tensor Memory Access (TMA) for efficient memory operations
+    - Utilizes Hopper's WGMMA for matrix multiply-accumulate (MMA) operations
+    - Implements TMA multicast with cluster to reduce L2 memory traffic
+    - Supports multi-stage pipeline to overlap computation and memory access
+
+This GEMM works as follows:
+1. Load A and B matrices from global memory (GMEM) to shared memory (SMEM) using TMA operations.
+2. Perform matrix multiply-accumulate (MMA) operations using WGMMA instruction.
+3. Store results from registers (RMEM) to shared memory (SMEM), then to global memory (GMEM) with TMA operations.
+
+Hopper WGMMA instructions operate as follows:
+- Read matrix A from SMEM
+- Read matrix B from SMEM
+- Perform MMA operation and store the result in Accumulator(register)
+
+To run this example:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python examples/hopper/dense_gemm.py                                   \
+      --mnkl 8192,8192,8192,1 --tile_shape_mnk 128,256,64                  \
+      --cluster_shape_mn 1,1 --a_dtype Float16 --b_dtype Float16           \
+      --d_dtype Float16 --acc_dtype Float32                                \
+      --a_major k --b_major k --d_major n
+
+The above example command compute batched gemm with M=8192, N=8192, K=8192,
+batch_count=1. The Hopper WGMMA tile shape is 128x256x64 and the cluster shape
+is (1,1). The input, mma accumulator and output data type are set as fp16, fp32
+and fp16, respectively.
+
+To collect performance with NCU profiler:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    ncu python examples/hopper/dense_gemm.py                               \
+      --mnkl 8192,8192,8192,1 --tile_shape_mnk 128,256,64                  \
+      --cluster_shape_mn 1,1 --a_dtype Float16 --b_dtype Float16           \
+      --d_dtype Float16 --acc_dtype Float32                                \
+      --a_major k --b_major k --d_major n
+
+Constraints:
+* Supported input data types: fp16, fp8 (e4m3fn, e5m2)
+* For fp16 types, A and B must have the same data type
+* For fp8 types, A and B can have different types (e4m3fn or e5m2) but both must be 8-bit
+* Fp8 types only support k-major layout
+* Only fp32 accumulation is supported in this example
+* CTA tile shape M must be 64/128
+* CTA tile shape N must be 64/128/256
+* CTA tile shape K must be 64
+* Cluster shape M/N must be positive and power of 2, total cluster size <= 4
+* The contiguous dimension of A/B/C tensors must be at least 16 bytes aligned,
+  i.e, number of elements is a multiple of 8, 16 for Float16, and Float8, respectively.
+* OOB tiles are not allowed when TMA store is disabled
+"""
+
+
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#  Helpers to parse args
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+def parse_comma_separated_ints(s: str):
+    try:
+        return tuple([int(x.strip()) for x in s.split(",")])
+    except ValueError:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("Invalid format. Expected comma-separated integers.")
+
+
+def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Example of MxNxKxL GEMM on Hopper.")
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--mnkl",
+        type=parse_comma_separated_ints,
+        default=(4096, 4096, 4096, 1),
+        help="mnkl dimensions (comma-separated)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--tile_shape_mnk",
+        type=parse_comma_separated_ints,
+        default=(128, 256, 64),
+        help="Cta tile shape (comma-separated)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cluster_shape_mn",
+        type=parse_comma_separated_ints,
+        choices=[(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2)],
+        default=(1, 1),
+        help="Cluster shape (comma-separated)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--a_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.BFloat16,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--b_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.BFloat16,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--d_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.BFloat16,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--c_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=None,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--acc_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.Float32,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--a_major", choices=["k", "m"], type=str, default="k")
+    parser.add_argument("--b_major", choices=["k", "n"], type=str, default="k")
+    parser.add_argument("--d_major", choices=["n", "m"], type=str, default="n")
+    parser.add_argument("--c_major", choices=["n", "m"], type=str, default="n")
+    parser.add_argument("--tolerance", type=float, default=3e-02, help="Tolerance for validation")
+    parser.add_argument("--warmup_iterations", type=int, default=5, help="Warmup iterations")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--iterations",
+        type=int,
+        default=30,
+        help="Number of iterations to run the kernel",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--persistent", action="store_true", help="Persistent kernel")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--dynamic_persistent", action="store_true", help="Dynamic persistent kernel"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--pingpong", action="store_true", help="Pingpong kernel")
+    parser.add_argument("--varlen_m", action="store_true", help="Variable length M dimension")
+    parser.add_argument("--gather_A", action="store_true", help="Gather A")
+    parser.add_argument("--fp8_fast_accum", action="store_true", help="FP8 fast accum")
+    parser.add_argument("--skip_ref_check", action="store_true", help="Skip reference checking")
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if len(args.mnkl) != 4:
+        parser.error("--mnkl must contain exactly 4 values")
+    if len(args.tile_shape_mnk) != 3:
+        parser.error("--tile_shape_mnk must contain exactly 3 values")
+    if len(args.cluster_shape_mn) != 2:
+        parser.error("--cluster_shape_mn must contain exactly 2 values")
+
+    return args
+
+
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#  Host setup and device kernel launch
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+class NamedBarrierGemm(enum.IntEnum):
+    Epilogue = enum.auto()  # starts from 1 as barrier 0 is reserved for sync_threads()
+    # For mainloop load warps to signal that the epilogue load warp can start.
+    # This is to avoid loading C too early, interfering with loading A and B.
+    EpilogueLoad = enum.auto()
+    MmaWG0 = enum.auto()
+    MmaWG1 = enum.auto()
+    EpiWG0 = enum.auto()
+    EpiWG1 = enum.auto()
+
+
+class HopperWgmmaGemmKernel:
+    """
+    This class implements batched matrix multiplication (C = A x B) with support for various data types
+    and architectural features specific to Hopper GPUs.
+
+    :param acc_dtype: Data type for accumulation during computation
+    :type acc_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param tile_shape_mnk: Shape of the CTA tile (M,N,K)
+    :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+    :param cluster_shape_mnk: Cluster dimensions (M,N,K) for parallel processing
+    :type cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+
+    :note: Data type requirements:
+        - For 16-bit types: A and B must have the same data type
+        - For 8-bit types: A and B can have different types (Float8E4M3FN/Float8E5M2) as long as both are 8-bit
+        - Float8 types only support k-major layout
+
+    :note: Supported data types:
+        - Float16
+        - BFloat16
+        - Float8E4M3FN/Float8E5M2
+
+    :note: Supported accumulation types:
+        - Float32 (for all floating point inputs)
+
+    :note: Constraints:
+        - Cluster shape M/N must be positive and power of 2, total cluster size <= 4
+
+    Example:
+        >>> gemm = HopperWgmmaGemmKernel(
+        ...     acc_dtype=cutlass.Float32,
+        ...     tile_shape_mnk=(128, 256, 64),
+        ...     cluster_shape_mnk=(1, 1, 1)
+        ... )
+        >>> gemm(a_tensor, b_tensor, c_tensor, stream)
+    """
+
+    bytes_per_tensormap = 128
+    num_tensormaps = 1  # For D only
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        pingpong: bool = False,
+        is_persistent: bool = True,
+        fp8_fast_accum: bool = False,
+        gather_A: bool = False,
+    ):
+        """
+        Initializes the configuration for a Hopper dense GEMM kernel.
+
+        This configuration includes data types for operands, tile shape, cluster configuration,
+        and thread layout.
+
+        :param acc_dtype: Data type for accumulation during computation
+        :type acc_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: Shape of the CTA tile (M,N,K)
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param cluster_shape_mnk: Cluster dimensions (M,N,K) for parallel processing
+        :type cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        """
+
+        self.acc_dtype = acc_dtype
+        self.pingpong = pingpong
+        self.is_persistent = is_persistent
+        if self.pingpong:
+            assert self.is_persistent, "Pingpong gemm requires persistent scheduler"
+        self.fp8_slow_accum = not fp8_fast_accum and a_dtype.width == 8
+        self.gather_A = gather_A
+        if gather_A:
+            assert cluster_shape_mnk[1] == 1, "Cluster shape N must be 1 for gather A "
+        self.tensormap_update_mode = cutlass.utils.TensorMapUpdateMode.SMEM
+
+        self.cluster_shape_mnk = cluster_shape_mnk
+        self.tile_shape_mnk = tuple(tile_shape_mnk)
+        tile_M, tile_N = tile_shape_mnk[0], tile_shape_mnk[1]
+        # check the cta tile shape
+        if not self.pingpong:
+            if tile_M not in [64, 128, 192, 256, 320]:
+                raise ValueError("CTA tile shape M must be 64/128/192/256/320")
+            if tile_M in [192, 320]:  # special case
+                tile_N_max = 256 if tile_M == 192 else 160
+                if not (tile_N % 32 == 0 and tile_N <= tile_N_max):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"If tile_m == {tile_M}, CTA tile shape N must be divisible by 32 and <= {tile_N_max}"
+                    )
+            else:
+                if not (
+                    (tile_N % 16 == 0 and tile_N <= 256) or (tile_N % 32 == 0 and tile_N <= 512)
+                ):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "CTA tile shape N must be divisible by 16 and <= 256, or divisible by 32 and <= 512"
+                    )
+        else:
+            if tile_M not in [64, 128, 192]:
+                raise ValueError("CTA tile shape M must be 64/128/192 if pingpong")
+            tile_N_max = 256 if tile_M == 64 else (208 if tile_M == 128 else 128)
+            if not (tile_N % 16 == 0 and tile_N <= tile_N_max):
+                raise ValueError(f"CTA tile shape N must be divisible by 16 and <= {tile_N_max}")
+        if not self.tile_shape_mnk[2] % 16 == 0:
+            raise ValueError("CTA tile shape K must be divisible by 16")
+
+        if not self.pingpong:
+            if tile_M == 320:  # tile_M / 64 is not even so we have to split along N
+                atom_layout_m, atom_layout_n = 1, 2
+            elif tile_M == 192:
+                if tile_N <= 128:
+                    atom_layout_m, atom_layout_n = 3, 1
+                else:
+                    atom_layout_m, atom_layout_n = 1, 2
+            else:
+                atom_layout_m = tile_shape_mnk[0] // 64 if tile_shape_mnk[0] < 256 else 2
+                atom_layout_n = 1
+            assert atom_layout_m in [1, 2, 3] and atom_layout_n in [1, 2]
+        else:
+            atom_layout_m, atom_layout_n = 1, 1
+        self.atom_layout_mnk = (atom_layout_m, atom_layout_n, 1)
+
+        self.num_mcast_ctas_a = self.cluster_shape_mnk[1] if not self.gather_A else 1
+        self.num_mcast_ctas_b = self.cluster_shape_mnk[0]
+        self.is_a_mcast = self.num_mcast_ctas_a > 1
+        self.is_b_mcast = self.num_mcast_ctas_b > 1
+
+        self.occupancy = 1
+        self.mma_warp_groups = math.prod(self.atom_layout_mnk) * (1 if not self.pingpong else 2)
+        if self.pingpong:
+            assert self.mma_warp_groups == 2
+        assert self.mma_warp_groups in [1, 2, 3]
+        self.num_threads_per_warp_group = 128
+        self.threads_per_cta = (self.mma_warp_groups + 1) * self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+        self.smem_capacity = cutlass.utils.get_smem_capacity_in_bytes("sm_90")
+        self.num_epi_threads = (
+            self.mma_warp_groups if not self.pingpong else 1
+        ) * self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+        self.num_ab_load_warps = 1 if not self.gather_A else 4
+        self.num_ab_load_threads = cute.arch.WARP_SIZE * self.num_ab_load_warps
+        self.num_epi_load_threads = cute.arch.WARP_SIZE * 1
+        self.ab_load_warp_id = self.mma_warp_groups * 4
+        self.epi_load_warp_id = self.ab_load_warp_id + self.num_ab_load_warps
+
+        regs_per_thread = math.prod(self.tile_shape_mnk[:2]) // (
+            math.prod(self.atom_layout_mnk) * self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+        )
+        if self.fp8_slow_accum:
+            regs_per_thread *= 2
+        if not self.gather_A:
+            if self.mma_warp_groups == 3:
+                self.num_regs_load, self.num_regs_mma = 32, 160
+            else:
+                heavy_register_pressure = regs_per_thread >= 208
+                self.num_regs_load, self.num_regs_mma = (
+                    (40, 232) if not heavy_register_pressure else (24, 240)
+                )
+        else:
+            if self.mma_warp_groups == 3:
+                self.num_regs_load, self.num_regs_mma = 56, 152
+            else:
+                self.num_regs_load, self.num_regs_mma = (56, 224)
+
+        self.ab_stage = None
+        self.epi_stage = None
+
+        self.a_smem_layout_staged = None
+        self.b_smem_layout_staged = None
+        self.epi_smem_layout_staged = None
+        self.epi_tile = None
+
+        self.shared_storage = None
+        self.buffer_align_bytes = 1024
+
+    def _setup_attributes(self):
+        """Set up configurations that are dependent on GEMM inputs
+
+        This method configures various attributes based on the input tensor properties
+        (data types, leading dimensions) and kernel settings:
+        - Configuring tiled MMA
+        - Computing MMA/cluster/tile shapes
+        - Computing cluster layout
+        - Computing multicast CTAs for A/B
+        - Computing epilogue subtile
+        - Setting up A/B/C stage counts in shared memory
+        - Computing A/B/C shared memory layout
+        """
+
+        self.cluster_layout_mnk = cute.make_layout(self.cluster_shape_mnk)
+
+        self.epi_tile = self._sm90_compute_tile_shape_or_override(
+            self.tile_shape_mnk,
+            self.atom_layout_mnk,
+            self.d_dtype,
+        )
+
+        # Compute stage before compute smem layout
+        self.ab_stage, self.epi_stage, self.epi_c_stage = self._compute_stages(
+            self.tile_shape_mnk,
+            self.epi_tile,
+            self.a_dtype,
+            self.b_dtype,
+            self.d_dtype,
+            self.c_dtype,
+            self.smem_capacity,
+            self.occupancy,
+            # epi_smem will reuse smem ab if not persistent.
+            overlap_sD_sA=not self.is_persistent,
+        )
+        self.sched_stage = 2 if self.pingpong else 1
+
+        (
+            self.a_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.b_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.epi_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.epi_c_smem_layout_staged,
+        ) = self._make_smem_layouts(
+            self.tile_shape_mnk,
+            self.epi_tile,
+            self.a_dtype,
+            self.a_layout,
+            self.b_dtype,
+            self.b_layout,
+            self.ab_stage,
+            self.d_dtype,
+            self.d_layout,
+            self.epi_stage,
+            self.c_dtype,
+            self.c_layout,
+            self.epi_c_stage,
+        )
+
+    @cute.jit
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        mA: cute.Tensor,
+        mB: cute.Tensor,
+        mD: cute.Tensor,
+        mC: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        mAIdx: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        mCuSeqlensM: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        mTensormaps: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        tile_count_semaphore: Optional[cute.Pointer],
+        max_active_clusters: Int32,
+        stream: cuda.CUstream,
+    ):
+        """Execute the GEMM operation in steps:
+        - Setup static attributes
+        - Setup TMA load/store atoms and tensors
+        - Compute grid size
+        - Define shared storage for kernel
+        - Launch the kernel synchronously
+
+        :param mA: Input tensor A
+        :type mA: cute.Tensor
+        :param mB: Input tensor B
+        :type mB: cute.Tensor
+        :param mD: Output tensor D
+        :type mD: cute.Tensor
+        :param stream: CUDA stream for asynchronous execution
+        :type stream: cuda.CUstream
+        """
+
+        # setup static attributes before smem/grid/tma computation
+        self.a_dtype = mA.element_type
+        self.b_dtype = mB.element_type
+        self.d_dtype = mD.element_type
+        self.c_dtype = mC.element_type if mC is not None else None
+        self.a_layout = cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum.from_tensor(mA)
+        self.b_layout = cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum.from_tensor(mB)
+        self.d_layout = cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum.from_tensor(mD)
+        self.c_layout = cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum.from_tensor(mC) if mC is not None else None
+
+        if const_expr(self.a_dtype.width == 16 and self.a_dtype != self.b_dtype):
+            raise TypeError(f"Type mismatch: {self.a_dtype} != {self.b_dtype}")
+        if const_expr(self.a_dtype.width != self.b_dtype.width):
+            raise TypeError(f"Type width mismatch: {self.a_dtype.width} != {self.b_dtype.width}")
+        if const_expr(self.a_dtype.width != 16 and self.a_dtype.width != 8):
+            raise TypeError("a_dtype should be float16 or float8")
+        assert (mAIdx is not None) == self.gather_A
+
+        # Assume all strides are divisible by 128 bits except the last stride
+        new_stride = lambda t: tuple(
+            cute.assume(s, divby=128 // t.element_type.width) if not cute.is_static(s) else s
+            for s in t.stride
+        )
+        mA, mD = [
+            cute.make_tensor(t.iterator, cute.make_layout(t.shape, stride=new_stride(t)))
+            for t in (mA, mD)
+        ]
+
+        self._setup_attributes()
+
+        tiled_mma = sm90_utils.make_trivial_tiled_mma(
+            self.a_dtype,
+            self.b_dtype,
+            self.a_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode(),
+            self.b_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode(),
+            self.acc_dtype,
+            self.atom_layout_mnk,
+            tiler_mn=(64, self.tile_shape_mnk[1] // self.atom_layout_mnk[1]),
+        )
+        if const_expr(self.atom_layout_mnk[1] > 1):
+            # If N dimension is split among 2 WGs, we need to permute the N dimension so
+            # that in the epilogue, WG0 and WG1 can write to epi smem of size e.g. (64, 32)
+            # containing accumulators that are next to each other in the N dimension.
+            # Without permutation WG0 would write to epi smem of size (64, 16) and
+            # WG1 would write to a separate epi smem of size (64, 16) that's far away.
+            atom_n = self.atom_layout_mnk[1]
+            permutation_n = cute.make_ordered_layout(
+                (8, self.tile_shape_mnk[1] // atom_n // 8, atom_n), order=(0, 2, 1)
+            )
+            tiled_mma = cute.make_tiled_mma(
+                cute.make_mma_atom(tiled_mma.op),
+                self.atom_layout_mnk,
+                permutation_mnk=(None, permutation_n, None),
+            )
+
+        if const_expr(not self.gather_A):
+            tma_atom_a, tma_tensor_a = self._make_tma_atoms_and_tensors(
+                mA,
+                self.a_smem_layout_staged,
+                (self.tile_shape_mnk[0], self.tile_shape_mnk[2]),
+                self.cluster_shape_mnk[1],
+            )
+        else:
+            tma_atom_a, tma_tensor_a = None, None
+
+        tma_atom_b, tma_tensor_b = self._make_tma_atoms_and_tensors(
+            mB,
+            self.b_smem_layout_staged,
+            (self.tile_shape_mnk[1], self.tile_shape_mnk[2]),
+            self.cluster_shape_mnk[0],
+        )
+
+        tma_atom_d, tma_tensor_d = self._make_tma_epi_atoms_and_tensors(
+            mD, self.epi_smem_layout_staged, self.epi_tile, store_or_load="store"
+        )
+
+        if const_expr(mC is not None):
+            tma_atom_c, tma_tensor_c = self._make_tma_epi_atoms_and_tensors(
+                mC, self.epi_c_smem_layout_staged, self.epi_tile, store_or_load="load"
+            )
+        else:
+            tma_atom_c, tma_tensor_c = None, None
+
+        if const_expr(mCuSeqlensM is None):
+            problem_shape_ntile_mnl = cute.ceil_div(mD.shape[:2], self.tile_shape_mnk[:2]) + (
+                mD.shape[2],
+            )
+            TileSchedulerCls = TileScheduler
+            tile_sched_args = TileSchedulerArguments(
+                problem_shape_ntile_mnl=problem_shape_ntile_mnl,
+                raster_order=RasterOrderOption.Heuristic,
+                group_size=8,
+                cluster_shape_mnk=self.cluster_shape_mnk,
+                tile_count_semaphore=tile_count_semaphore,
+                is_persistent=self.is_persistent,
+            )
+        else:
+            assert mTensormaps is not None
+            problem_shape_ntile_mnl = (
+                None,
+                cute.ceil_div(mD.shape[1], self.tile_shape_mnk[1]),
+                mCuSeqlensM.shape[0] - 1,
+            )
+            TileSchedulerCls = VarlenMTileScheduler
+            tile_sched_args = VarlenMTileSchedulerArguments(
+                problem_shape_ntile_mnl=problem_shape_ntile_mnl,
+                total_m=mD.shape[0],
+                cu_seqlens_m=mCuSeqlensM,
+                raster_order=RasterOrderOption.Heuristic,
+                group_size=8,
+                tile_shape_mnk=self.tile_shape_mnk,
+                cluster_shape_mnk=self.cluster_shape_mnk,
+                tile_count_semaphore=tile_count_semaphore,
+                is_persistent=self.is_persistent,
+            )
+        tile_sched_params = TileSchedulerCls.to_underlying_arguments(tile_sched_args)
+        grid = TileSchedulerCls.get_grid_shape(tile_sched_params, max_active_clusters)
+
+        epi_smem_size = cute.cosize(self.epi_smem_layout_staged) if self.is_persistent else 0
+        epi_c_smem_size = cute.cosize(self.epi_c_smem_layout_staged) if mC is not None else 0
+
+        size_tensormap_in_i64 = (
+            0
+            if mCuSeqlensM is None
+            or self.tensormap_update_mode == cutlass.utils.TensorMapUpdateMode.GMEM
+            else HopperWgmmaGemmKernel.num_tensormaps
+            * HopperWgmmaGemmKernel.bytes_per_tensormap
+            // 8
+        ) * (1 if not self.pingpong else 2)
+
+        @cute.struct
+        class SharedStorage:
+            tensormap_buffer: cute.struct.Align[
+                cute.struct.MemRange[cutlass.Int64, size_tensormap_in_i64],
+                64,
+            ]
+            ab_pipeline_array_ptr: cute.struct.MemRange[cutlass.Int64, self.ab_stage * 2]
+            epi_pipeline_array_ptr: cute.struct.MemRange[cutlass.Int64, self.epi_c_stage * 2]
+            sched_pipeline_array_ptr: cute.struct.MemRange[cutlass.Int64, self.sched_stage * 2]
+            tile_count: cute.struct.MemRange[cutlass.Int32, self.sched_stage]
+            sD: cute.struct.Align[
+                cute.struct.MemRange[self.d_dtype, epi_smem_size],
+                self.buffer_align_bytes,
+            ]
+            sC: cute.struct.Align[
+                cute.struct.MemRange[
+                    self.c_dtype if self.c_dtype is not None else Int32, epi_c_smem_size
+                ],
+                self.buffer_align_bytes,
+            ]
+            sA: cute.struct.Align[
+                cute.struct.MemRange[self.a_dtype, cute.cosize(self.a_smem_layout_staged)],
+                self.buffer_align_bytes,
+            ]
+            sB: cute.struct.Align[
+                cute.struct.MemRange[self.b_dtype, cute.cosize(self.b_smem_layout_staged)],
+                self.buffer_align_bytes,
+            ]
+
+        self.shared_storage = SharedStorage
+
+        # Launch the kernel synchronously
+        self.kernel(
+            tma_atom_a,
+            tma_tensor_a if const_expr(not self.gather_A) else mA,
+            tma_atom_b,
+            tma_tensor_b,
+            tma_atom_d,
+            tma_tensor_d,
+            mD,
+            tma_atom_c,
+            tma_tensor_c,
+            mAIdx,
+            mCuSeqlensM,
+            mTensormaps,
+            tiled_mma,
+            self.cluster_layout_mnk,
+            self.a_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.b_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.epi_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.epi_c_smem_layout_staged,
+            tile_sched_params,
+            TileSchedulerCls,
+        ).launch(
+            grid=grid,
+            block=[self.threads_per_cta, 1, 1],
+            cluster=self.cluster_shape_mnk,
+            smem=self.shared_storage.size_in_bytes(),
+            stream=stream,
+            min_blocks_per_mp=1,
+        )
+        return
+
+    #  GPU device kernel
+    @cute.kernel
+    def kernel(
+        self,
+        tma_atom_a: Optional[cute.CopyAtom],
+        mA_mkl: cute.Tensor,
+        tma_atom_b: cute.CopyAtom,
+        mB_nkl: cute.Tensor,
+        tma_atom_d: cute.CopyAtom,
+        mD_mnl_tma: cute.Tensor,
+        mD_mnl: cute.Tensor,
+        tma_atom_c: Optional[cute.CopyAtom],
+        mC_mnl: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        mAIdx: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        cu_seqlens_m: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        tensormaps: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        tiled_mma: cute.TiledMma,
+        cluster_layout_mnk: cute.Layout,
+        a_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        b_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        epi_c_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        tile_sched_params: ParamsBase,
+        TileSchedulerCls: cutlass.Constexpr[Callable],
+    ):
+        """
+        GPU device kernel performing the batched GEMM computation.
+
+        :param tma_atom_a: TMA copy atom for A tensor
+        :type tma_atom_a: cute.CopyAtom
+        :param mA_mkl: Input tensor A
+        :type mA_mkl: cute.Tensor
+        :param tma_atom_b: TMA copy atom for B tensor
+        :type tma_atom_b: cute.CopyAtom
+        :param mB_nkl: Input tensor B
+        :type mB_nkl: cute.Tensor
+        :param tma_atom_d: TMA copy atom for D tensor
+        :type tma_atom_d: cute.CopyAtom
+        :param mD_mnl_tma: Output tensor D
+        :type mD_mnl_tma: cute.Tensor
+        :param tiled_mma: Tiled MMA object
+        :type tiled_mma: cute.TiledMma
+        :param cluster_layout_mnk: CTA layout
+        :type cluster_layout_mnk: cute.Layout
+        :param a_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for A
+        :type a_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param b_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for B
+        :type b_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param epi_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for epilogue
+        :type epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        """
+
+        varlen = const_expr(cu_seqlens_m is not None)
+        warp_idx = cute.arch.make_warp_uniform(cute.arch.warp_idx())
+
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Prefetch Tma desc
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        if warp_idx == self.ab_load_warp_id:
+            if const_expr(tma_atom_a is not None):
+                cpasync.prefetch_descriptor(tma_atom_a)
+            cpasync.prefetch_descriptor(tma_atom_b)
+            cpasync.prefetch_descriptor(tma_atom_d)
+            if const_expr(tma_atom_c is not None):
+                cpasync.prefetch_descriptor(tma_atom_c)
+
+        a_smem_layout = cute.slice_(a_smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        b_smem_layout = cute.slice_(b_smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        tma_copy_bytes = cute.size_in_bytes(self.b_dtype, b_smem_layout)
+        if const_expr(not self.gather_A):
+            tma_copy_bytes += cute.size_in_bytes(self.a_dtype, a_smem_layout)
+
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Alloc and init AB full/empty + ACC full mbar (pipeline)
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        smem = cutlass.utils.SmemAllocator()
+        storage = smem.allocate(self.shared_storage)
+
+        # Threads/warps participating in this pipeline
+        producer_cnt = 1 if const_expr(not self.gather_A) else 1 + self.num_ab_load_threads
+        ab_pipeline_producer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(pipeline.Agent.Thread, producer_cnt)
+        # Each warp will contribute to the arrive count with the number of mcast size
+        mcast_size = self.num_mcast_ctas_a + self.num_mcast_ctas_b - 1
+        consumer_arrive_cnt = mcast_size * (tiled_mma.size // cute.arch.WARP_SIZE)
+        ab_pipeline_consumer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(
+            pipeline.Agent.Thread, consumer_arrive_cnt
+        )
+
+        cta_layout_vmnk = cute.make_layout((1, *cluster_layout_mnk.shape))
+        pipeline_cls = pipeline.PipelineTmaAsync if not self.gather_A else PipelineTmaCpAsync
+        ab_pipeline = pipeline_cls.create(
+            barrier_storage=storage.ab_pipeline_array_ptr.data_ptr(),
+            num_stages=self.ab_stage,
+            producer_group=ab_pipeline_producer_group,
+            consumer_group=ab_pipeline_consumer_group,
+            tx_count=tma_copy_bytes,
+            cta_layout_vmnk=cta_layout_vmnk,
+        )
+
+        if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+            # Threads/warps participating in this pipeline
+            epi_pipeline_producer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(pipeline.Agent.Thread)
+            # Each warp will contribute 1 to the arrive count
+            consumer_arrive_cnt = self.num_epi_threads // cute.arch.WARP_SIZE
+            epi_pipeline_consumer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(
+                pipeline.Agent.Thread, consumer_arrive_cnt
+            )
+            c_smem_layout = cute.slice_(epi_c_smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+            tma_copy_c_bytes = cute.size_in_bytes(self.c_dtype, c_smem_layout)
+            epi_pipeline = pipeline.PipelineTmaAsync.create(
+                barrier_storage=storage.epi_pipeline_array_ptr.data_ptr(),
+                num_stages=self.epi_c_stage,
+                producer_group=epi_pipeline_producer_group,
+                consumer_group=epi_pipeline_consumer_group,
+                tx_count=tma_copy_c_bytes,
+            )
+        else:
+            epi_pipeline = None
+
+        if const_expr(tile_sched_params.tile_count_semaphore is not None):
+            # Dynamic persistent scheduler
+            # Threads/warps participating in this pipeline
+            sched_pipeline_producer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(pipeline.Agent.Thread)
+            cluster_size = cute.size(cluster_layout_mnk)
+            # Each warp that are not the scheduler warp will contribute 1 to the arrive count
+            consumer_arrive_cnt = (
+                (self.mma_warp_groups if not self.pingpong else 1) * 4 + self.num_ab_load_warps
+            ) * cluster_size - 1
+            sched_pipeline_consumer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(
+                pipeline.Agent.Thread, consumer_arrive_cnt
+            )
+            sched_pipeline = pipeline.PipelineAsync.create(
+                barrier_storage=storage.sched_pipeline_array_ptr.data_ptr(),
+                num_stages=self.sched_stage,
+                producer_group=sched_pipeline_producer_group,
+                consumer_group=sched_pipeline_consumer_group,
+                # If there's cluster, the consumers must arrive at the mbar of CTA 0 in the cluster.
+                consumer_mask=None if const_expr(cute.size(cluster_layout_mnk) == 1) else 0,
+            )
+            tile_count = storage.tile_count.get_tensor((self.sched_stage,))
+        else:
+            sched_pipeline = None
+            tile_count = None
+
+        # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Generate smem tensor A/B
+        # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        sA = storage.sA.get_tensor(a_smem_layout_staged.outer, swizzle=a_smem_layout_staged.inner)
+        sB = storage.sB.get_tensor(b_smem_layout_staged.outer, swizzle=b_smem_layout_staged.inner)
+        if const_expr(not self.is_persistent):
+            sD_ptr = cute.recast_ptr(sA.iterator, epi_smem_layout_staged.inner, dtype=self.d_dtype)
+            sD = cute.make_tensor(sD_ptr, epi_smem_layout_staged.outer)
+        else:
+            sD = storage.sD.get_tensor(
+                epi_smem_layout_staged.outer, swizzle=epi_smem_layout_staged.inner
+            )
+        if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+            sC = storage.sC.get_tensor(
+                epi_c_smem_layout_staged.outer, swizzle=epi_c_smem_layout_staged.inner
+            )
+        else:
+            sC = None
+
+        # Get tensormap buffer address
+        if const_expr(varlen):
+            grid_dim = cute.arch.grid_dim()
+            bid = cute.arch.block_idx()
+            tensormap_workspace_idx = (
+                bid[2] * grid_dim[1] * grid_dim[0] + bid[1] * grid_dim[0] + bid[0]
+            )
+            # TODO: this is only for D, not for A/B
+            if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                tensormap_workspace_idx = tensormap_workspace_idx * 2 + warp_idx // 4
+            tensormap_manager = TensorMapManagerSm90(
+                self.tensormap_update_mode, HopperWgmmaGemmKernel.bytes_per_tensormap
+            )
+            tensormap_d_ptr = tensormap_manager.get_tensormap_ptr(
+                tensormaps[tensormap_workspace_idx, None].iterator
+            )
+            if const_expr(self.tensormap_update_mode == cutlass.utils.TensorMapUpdateMode.SMEM):
+                tensormap_smem_ptr = storage.tensormap_buffer.data_ptr()
+                tensormap_d_smem_ptr = tensormap_smem_ptr + (warp_idx // 4) * (
+                    HopperWgmmaGemmKernel.bytes_per_tensormap // 8
+                )
+                # Need this, otherwise "expected tma descriptor pointer to have alignment at least 64, but got 8"
+                tensormap_d_smem_ptr = cute.make_ptr(
+                    cutlass.Int64,
+                    tensormap_d_smem_ptr.toint(),
+                    cute.AddressSpace.smem,
+                    assumed_align=64,
+                )
+                tensormap_d_init_ptr = tensormap_d_smem_ptr
+            else:
+                tensormap_d_smem_ptr = None
+                tensormap_d_init_ptr = tensormap_d_ptr
+        else:
+            tensormap_d_smem_ptr = None
+            tensormap_manager, tensormap_d_ptr, tensormap_d_init_ptr = None, None, None
+
+        TileSchedulerCls = partial(
+            TileSchedulerCls.create, tile_sched_params, tile_count, sched_pipeline
+        )
+
+        k_tile_cnt = cute.ceil_div(cute.size(mA_mkl.shape[1]), self.tile_shape_mnk[2])
+        c_tile_cnt = cute.size(cute.ceil_div(self.tile_shape_mnk[:2], self.epi_tile))
+
+        if warp_idx >= self.ab_load_warp_id:
+            cute.arch.warpgroup_reg_dealloc(self.num_regs_load)
+            if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+                epi_load_barrier = pipeline.NamedBarrier(
+                    barrier_id=int(NamedBarrierGemm.EpilogueLoad),
+                    num_threads=self.num_ab_load_threads + self.num_epi_load_threads,
+                )
+            else:
+                epi_load_barrier = None
+            if (
+                warp_idx >= self.ab_load_warp_id
+                and warp_idx < self.ab_load_warp_id + self.num_ab_load_warps
+            ):
+                # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                # Get mcast mask
+                # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                cta_rank_in_cluster = cute.arch.make_warp_uniform(cute.arch.block_idx_in_cluster())
+                cluster_coord_mnk = cluster_layout_mnk.get_flat_coord(cta_rank_in_cluster)
+                a_mcast_mask = cute.make_layout_image_mask(
+                    cluster_layout_mnk, cluster_coord_mnk, mode=1
+                )
+                b_mcast_mask = cute.make_layout_image_mask(
+                    cluster_layout_mnk, cluster_coord_mnk, mode=0
+                )
+                a_mcast_mask = a_mcast_mask if self.is_a_mcast else 0
+                b_mcast_mask = b_mcast_mask if self.is_b_mcast else 0
+
+                # Persistent tile scheduling loop
+                is_scheduler_warp = self.num_ab_load_warps == 1 or warp_idx == self.ab_load_warp_id
+                if const_expr(cute.size(cluster_layout_mnk) > 1):
+                    is_scheduler_warp = is_scheduler_warp and cute.arch.block_idx_in_cluster() == 0
+                tile_scheduler = TileSchedulerCls(is_scheduler_warp=is_scheduler_warp)
+                work_tile = tile_scheduler.initial_work_tile_info()
+                ab_producer_state = make_pipeline_state(
+                    pipeline.PipelineUserType.Producer, self.ab_stage
+                )
+                do_epi_load_barrier_arrive = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+                while work_tile.is_valid_tile:
+                    tile_coord_mnkl = work_tile.tile_idx
+                    batch_idx = tile_coord_mnkl[3]
+                    # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                    #  Local_tile partition global tensors
+                    # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                    if const_expr(not self.gather_A):
+                        if const_expr(cu_seqlens_m is not None):
+                            mA_mk = cute.domain_offset((cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx], 0), mA_mkl)
+                        else:
+                            mA_mk = mA_mkl[None, None, batch_idx]
+                        # (bM, bK, RestK)
+                        gA_k = cute.local_tile(
+                            mA_mk,
+                            cute.select(self.tile_shape_mnk, [0, 2]),
+                            (tile_coord_mnkl[0], None),
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        mA_mk = mA_mkl
+                        if const_expr(cu_seqlens_m is not None):
+                            mAIdx_mk = cute.domain_offset((cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx],), mAIdx)
+                        else:
+                            mAIdx_mk = mAIdx[None, batch_idx]
+                        gAIdx = cute.local_tile(
+                            mAIdx_mk, (self.tile_shape_mnk[0],), (tile_coord_mnkl[0],)
+                        )
+                    # (bN, bK, RestK)
+                    gB_k = cute.local_tile(
+                        mB_nkl, self.tile_shape_mnk, tile_coord_mnkl, proj=(None, 1, 1)
+                    )
+                    # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                    #  Partition shared tensor for TMA load A/B
+                    # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                    #  TMA load A partition_S/D
+                    a_cta_layout = cute.make_layout(
+                        cute.slice_(cluster_layout_mnk, (0, None, 0)).shape
+                    )
+                    a_cta_crd = cluster_coord_mnk[1]
+                    if const_expr(not self.gather_A):
+                        # ((atom_v, rest_v), STAGE)
+                        # ((atom_v, rest_v), RestK)
+                        tAsA, tAgA_k = cpasync.tma_partition(
+                            tma_atom_a,
+                            a_cta_crd,
+                            a_cta_layout,
+                            cute.group_modes(sA, 0, 2),
+                            cute.group_modes(gA_k, 0, 2),
+                        )
+                        copy_A = partial(cute.copy, tma_atom_a, mcast_mask=a_mcast_mask)
+                    else:
+                        tiled_copy_A = self._make_gmem_tiled_copy_A(
+                            mA_mkl.element_type, self.a_layout, self.num_ab_load_threads
+                        )
+                        tidx = (
+                            cute.arch.thread_idx()[0]
+                            - self.mma_warp_groups * self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+                        )
+                        thr_copy_A = tiled_copy_A.get_slice(tidx)
+                        # (atom_v, CPY_M, 1, STAGE)
+                        tAsA = thr_copy_A.partition_D(sA)
+                        assert tAsA.shape[2] == 1
+                        tAsA = cute.group_modes(cute.slice_(tAsA, (None, None, 0, None)), 0, 2)
+                        copy_A = partial(cute.copy, tiled_copy_A)
+                    # TMA load B partition_S/D
+                    b_cta_layout = cute.make_layout(
+                        cute.slice_(cluster_layout_mnk, (None, 0, 0)).shape
+                    )
+                    b_cta_crd = cluster_coord_mnk[0]
+                    # ((atom_v, rest_v), STAGE)
+                    # ((atom_v, rest_v), RestK)
+                    tBsB, tBgB_k = cpasync.tma_partition(
+                        tma_atom_b,
+                        b_cta_crd,
+                        b_cta_layout,
+                        cute.group_modes(sB, 0, 2),
+                        cute.group_modes(gB_k, 0, 2),
+                    )
+                    copy_B = partial(cute.copy, tma_atom_b, mcast_mask=b_mcast_mask)
+                    if const_expr(not self.gather_A):
+                        ab_producer_state = self.load_AB(
+                            ab_pipeline,
+                            ab_producer_state,
+                            copy_A,
+                            tAgA_k,
+                            tAsA,
+                            copy_B,
+                            tBgB_k,
+                            tBsB,
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        limit_m = (
+                            mAIdx.shape[0]
+                            if const_expr(cu_seqlens_m is None)
+                            else cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx + 1] - cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx]
+                        )
+                        ab_producer_state = self.load_AB_gather_A(
+                            ab_pipeline,
+                            ab_producer_state,
+                            thr_copy_A,
+                            mA_mk,
+                            tAsA,
+                            gAIdx,
+                            copy_B,
+                            tBgB_k,
+                            tBsB,
+                            limit_A=(
+                                limit_m - tile_coord_mnkl[0] * self.tile_shape_mnk[0],
+                                mA_mk.shape[1],
+                            ),
+                        )
+                    if const_expr(epi_load_barrier is not None):
+                        # In the first work tile, the epi load warp will wait for the signal
+                        # from the mainloop load warp to start loading C, to avoid interfering
+                        # with loading A and B.
+                        if do_epi_load_barrier_arrive:
+                            epi_load_barrier.arrive()
+                            do_epi_load_barrier_arrive = cutlass.Boolean(False)
+                    tile_scheduler.fetch_next_work(is_scheduler_warp=is_scheduler_warp)
+                    tile_scheduler.advance_to_next_work(is_scheduler_warp=is_scheduler_warp)
+                    work_tile = tile_scheduler.get_current_work()
+                    # End of persistent scheduler loop
+                if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                    # Need to write the tile_idx to smem for the next WG in the pingpong mode
+                    tile_scheduler.advance_to_next_work(is_scheduler_warp=is_scheduler_warp)
+                ab_pipeline.producer_tail(ab_producer_state)
+                if is_scheduler_warp:
+                    tile_scheduler.producer_tail()
+
+            # if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+            #     if warp_idx == self.epi_load_warp_id:
+            #         epi_producer_state = make_pipeline_state(
+            #             pipeline.PipelineUserType.Producer, self.epi_c_stage
+            #         )
+            #         do_epi_load_barrier_wait = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+            #         tile_scheduler = TileSchedulerCls()
+            #         work_tile = tile_scheduler.initial_work_tile_info()
+            #         while work_tile.is_valid_tile:
+            #             tile_coord_mnkl = work_tile.tile_idx
+            #             batch_idx = tile_coord_mnkl[3]
+            #             if const_expr(cu_seqlens_m is not None):
+            #                 mC_mn = cute.domain_offset((cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx], 0), mC_mnl)
+            #             else:
+            #                 mC_mn = mC_mnl[None, None, batch_idx]
+            #             # (bM, bN)
+            #             gC = cute.local_tile(
+            #                 mC_mn, cute.select(self.tile_shape_mnk, [0, 1]), tile_coord_mnkl[:2]
+            #             )
+            #             tCgC_for_tma_partition = cute.zipped_divide(gC, self.epi_tile)
+            #             bGS_sC, bGS_gC = cpasync.tma_partition(
+            #                 tma_atom_c,
+            #                 0,
+            #                 cute.make_layout(1),
+            #                 cute.group_modes(sC, 0, 2),
+            #                 tCgC_for_tma_partition,
+            #             )
+            #             if do_epi_load_barrier_wait:
+            #                 epi_load_barrier.arrive_and_wait()
+            #                 do_epi_load_barrier_wait = cutlass.Boolean(False)
+            #             epi_tile_num = const_expr(cute.size(tCgC_for_tma_partition, mode=[1]))
+            #             epi_tile_shape = tCgC_for_tma_partition.shape[1]
+            #             for epi_idx in cutlass.range(epi_tile_num, unroll=1):
+            #                 epi_pipeline.producer_acquire(epi_producer_state)
+            #                 # Get the global memory coordinate for the current epi tile
+            #                 epi_tile_layout = cute.make_layout(
+            #                     epi_tile_shape, stride=(epi_tile_shape[1], 1)
+            #                 )
+            #                 gmem_coord = epi_tile_layout.get_hier_coord(epi_idx)
+            #                 cute.copy(
+            #                     tma_atom_c,
+            #                     bGS_gC[None, gmem_coord],
+            #                     bGS_sC[None, epi_producer_state.index],
+            #                     tma_bar_ptr=epi_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(epi_producer_state),
+            #                 )
+            #                 # Epi pipeline's producer commit is a NOP
+            #                 epi_pipeline.producer_commit(epi_producer_state)
+            #                 epi_producer_state.advance()
+            #             tile_scheduler.advance_to_next_work()
+            #             work_tile = tile_scheduler.get_current_work()
+            #             # End of persistent scheduler loop
+            #         epi_pipeline.producer_tail(epi_producer_state)
+
+        if warp_idx < self.ab_load_warp_id:
+            cute.arch.warpgroup_reg_alloc(self.num_regs_mma)
+            is_tma_warp = cutlass.Boolean(
+                (not self.pingpong and warp_idx == 0)
+                or (self.pingpong and (warp_idx == 0 or warp_idx == 4))
+            )
+            if const_expr(varlen):
+                # initialize tensormap for D
+                tensormap_manager.init_tensormap_from_atom(
+                    tma_atom_d,
+                    tensormap_d_init_ptr,
+                    is_manager_warp=is_tma_warp,
+                )
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            #  Partition global tensor for TiledMMA_A/B/C
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            tidx, _, _ = cute.arch.thread_idx()
+            warp_group_idx = cute.arch.make_warp_uniform(tidx // self.num_threads_per_warp_group)
+            if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                tidx = tidx % self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+            warp_group_thread_layout = cute.make_layout(
+                self.mma_warp_groups if not self.pingpong else 1,
+                stride=self.num_threads_per_warp_group,
+            )
+            thr_mma = tiled_mma.get_slice(
+                warp_group_thread_layout(warp_group_idx if not self.pingpong else 0)
+            )
+
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            #  Make fragments
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            tCrA = tiled_mma.make_fragment_A(thr_mma.partition_A(sA))
+            tCrB = tiled_mma.make_fragment_B(thr_mma.partition_B(sB))
+
+            acc_shape = tiled_mma.partition_shape_C(cute.select(self.tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0, 1]))
+            acc = cute.make_fragment(acc_shape, self.acc_dtype)
+            if const_expr(self.fp8_slow_accum):
+                acc_slow = cute.make_fragment(acc_shape, self.acc_dtype)
+            else:
+                acc_slow = None
+
+            if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                if warp_group_idx == 0:
+                    # WG0 needs a start signal at the very beginning
+                    self.pingpong_barrier_arrive(warp_group_idx=0, stage="mma")
+                    self.pingpong_barrier_arrive(warp_group_idx=0, stage="epi")
+
+            ab_read_state = make_pipeline_state(pipeline.PipelineUserType.Consumer, self.ab_stage)
+            epi_read_state = make_pipeline_state(
+                pipeline.PipelineUserType.Consumer, self.epi_c_stage
+            )
+            epi_producer_state = make_pipeline_state(
+                pipeline.PipelineUserType.Producer, self.epi_c_stage
+            )
+            tile_scheduler = TileSchedulerCls()
+            if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                if warp_idx >= 4:
+                    # Advance 2nd Math WG to the next work tile for the startup
+                    tile_scheduler.advance_to_next_work()
+                    # Advance 2nd Math WG pipeline states to the end of 1st Math WG
+                    ab_read_state.advance_iters(k_tile_cnt)
+                    epi_read_state.advance_iters(c_tile_cnt)
+                    epi_producer_state.advance_iters(c_tile_cnt)
+            work_tile = tile_scheduler.initial_work_tile_info()
+            if const_expr(varlen):
+                # wait tensormap initialization complete before update
+                tensormap_manager.fence_tensormap_initialization()
+            # batch index of last tile
+            last_batch_idx = cutlass.Int32(-1)
+            while work_tile.is_valid_tile:
+                tile_coord_mnkl = work_tile.tile_idx
+                batch_idx = tile_coord_mnkl[3]
+                if const_expr(varlen):
+                    is_group_changed = batch_idx != last_batch_idx
+                    last_batch_idx = batch_idx
+                    if is_group_changed:
+                        # construct tensor D based on real address, shape and stride information
+                        tensormap_manager.update_tensormap_shape(
+                            ((tensormap_d_ptr),),
+                            is_manager_warp=is_tma_warp,
+                            tensormap_smem_ptr=(tensormap_d_smem_ptr,),
+                            shapes=(cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx + 1],),
+                            orders=(0 if const_expr(self.d_layout.is_m_major_c()) else 1,),
+                        )
+
+                ab_read_state, tiled_mma = self.mma(
+                    ab_pipeline,
+                    ab_read_state,
+                    tiled_mma,
+                    tCrA,
+                    tCrB,
+                    acc,
+                    acc_slow,
+                    k_tile_cnt,
+                    warp_group_idx,
+                )
+                if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                    # Update starting mainloop pipeline state for the next tile
+                    ab_read_state.advance_iters(k_tile_cnt)
+
+                # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                #  EPILOGUE
+                # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                    self.pingpong_barrier_sync(warp_group_idx, "epi")
+
+                epilogue_barrier = pipeline.NamedBarrier(
+                    barrier_id=int(NamedBarrierGemm.Epilogue), num_threads=self.num_epi_threads
+                )
+
+                # Wait for all warp groups in the thread block to finish, because smem for tensor
+                # A in the mainloop is reused in the epilogue if not persistent.
+                if const_expr(not self.is_persistent):
+                    epilogue_barrier.arrive_and_wait()
+
+                if const_expr(varlen):
+                    # ensure the update to tensormap has completed before using it
+                    if is_group_changed:
+                        if is_tma_warp:
+                            tensormap_manager.fence_tensormap_update(tensormap_d_ptr)
+
+                # Doesn't work with tile_N % 8 == 0 but tile_n % 16 != since this always
+                # get st.matrix with num_matrices=4
+                copy_atom_r2s = sm90_utils.sm90_get_smem_store_op(
+                    self.d_layout, elem_ty_d=self.d_dtype, elem_ty_acc=self.acc_dtype
+                )
+                copy_atom_C = cute.make_copy_atom(
+                    warp.StMatrix8x8x16bOp(
+                        self.d_layout.is_m_major_c(),
+                        num_matrices=4 if self.epi_tile[1] % 16 == 0 else 2,
+                    ),
+                    cutlass.Float16,  # this is just to get the right source layout
+                )
+                tiled_copy_C_atom = cute.make_tiled_copy_C_atom(copy_atom_C, tiled_mma)
+                tiled_copy_r2s = cute.make_tiled_copy_S(copy_atom_r2s, tiled_copy_C_atom)
+                # (R2S, R2S_M, R2S_N, PIPE_D)
+                thr_copy_r2s = tiled_copy_r2s.get_slice(tidx)
+                tRS_sD = thr_copy_r2s.partition_D(sD)
+                # (R2S, R2S_M, R2S_N)
+                tRS_rAcc = tiled_copy_r2s.retile(acc)
+
+                # Allocate D registers.
+                tRS_rD_layout = cute.make_layout(thr_copy_r2s.partition_S(sD).shape[:3])
+                tRS_rD = cute.make_fragment(tRS_rD_layout, self.acc_dtype)
+
+                if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+                    copy_atom_s2r = utils.sm90_get_smem_load_op(self.c_layout, self.c_dtype)
+                    tiled_copy_s2r = cute.make_tiled_copy_S(copy_atom_s2r, tiled_copy_C_atom)
+                    thr_copy_s2r = tiled_copy_s2r.get_slice(tidx)
+                    tSR_sC = thr_copy_s2r.partition_S(sC)
+                    tRS_rC = cute.make_fragment(tRS_rD_layout, self.c_dtype)
+                    tSR_rC = thr_copy_s2r.retile(tRS_rC)
+                else:
+                    thr_copy_s2r, tSR_sC, tRS_rC, tSR_rC = None, None, None, None
+
+                if const_expr(cu_seqlens_m is not None):
+                    mD_mn_tma = cute.domain_offset((cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx], 0), mD_mnl_tma)
+                else:
+                    mD_mn_tma = mD_mnl_tma[None, None, batch_idx]
+                # (bM, bN)
+                gD = cute.local_tile(
+                    mD_mn_tma, cute.select(self.tile_shape_mnk, [0, 1]), tile_coord_mnkl[:2]
+                )
+                tDgD_for_tma_partition = cute.zipped_divide(gD, self.epi_tile)
+                bSG_sD, bSG_gD = cpasync.tma_partition(
+                    tma_atom_d,
+                    0,
+                    cute.make_layout(1),
+                    cute.group_modes(sD, 0, 2),
+                    tDgD_for_tma_partition,
+                )
+
+                if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+                    if const_expr(cu_seqlens_m is not None):
+                        mC_mn = cute.domain_offset((cu_seqlens_m[batch_idx], 0), mC_mnl)
+                    else:
+                        mC_mn = mC_mnl[None, None, batch_idx]
+                    # (bM, bN)
+                    gC = cute.local_tile(
+                        mC_mn, cute.select(self.tile_shape_mnk, [0, 1]), tile_coord_mnkl[:2]
+                    )
+                    tCgC_for_tma_partition = cute.zipped_divide(gC, self.epi_tile)
+                    bGS_sC, bGS_gC = cpasync.tma_partition(
+                        tma_atom_c,
+                        0,
+                        cute.make_layout(1),
+                        cute.group_modes(sC, 0, 2),
+                        tCgC_for_tma_partition,
+                    )
+
+                epi_tile_num = const_expr(cute.size(tDgD_for_tma_partition, mode=[1]))
+                epi_tile_shape = tDgD_for_tma_partition.shape[1]
+                num_prev_subtiles = tile_scheduler.num_tiles_executed * epi_tile_num
+                epi_tile_layout = cute.make_layout(epi_tile_shape, stride=(epi_tile_shape[1], 1))
+
+                if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+                    for epi_idx in cutlass.range(min(epi_tile_num, self.epi_c_stage), unroll=1):
+                        if is_tma_warp:
+                            epi_pipeline.producer_acquire(epi_producer_state)
+                            # Get the global memory coordinate for the current epi tile
+                            gmem_coord = epi_tile_layout.get_hier_coord(epi_idx)
+                            cute.copy(
+                                tma_atom_c,
+                                bGS_gC[None, gmem_coord],
+                                bGS_sC[None, epi_producer_state.index],
+                                tma_bar_ptr=epi_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(epi_producer_state),
+                            )
+                            # Epi pipeline's producer commit is a NOP
+                            epi_pipeline.producer_commit(epi_producer_state)
+                        epi_producer_state.advance()
+
+                for epi_idx in cutlass.range_constexpr(epi_tile_num):
+                    # Copy from acc to D registers
+                    for epi_v in cutlass.range_constexpr(cute.size(tRS_rD)):
+                        tRS_rD[epi_v] = tRS_rAcc[epi_idx * cute.size(tRS_rD) + epi_v]
+                    if const_expr(mC_mnl is not None):
+                        epi_pipeline.consumer_wait(epi_read_state)
+                        cute.copy(
+                            thr_copy_s2r, tSR_sC[None, None, None, epi_read_state.index], tSR_rC
+                        )
+                        # Fence to make sure shared memory read is visible to TMA load
+                        cute.arch.fence_proxy(
+                            cute.arch.ProxyKind.async_shared, space=cute.arch.SharedSpace.shared_cta
+                        )
+                        cute.arch.sync_warp()
+                        with cute.arch.elect_one():
+                            epi_pipeline.consumer_release(epi_read_state)
+                        epi_read_state.advance()
+                        if const_expr(epi_idx + self.epi_c_stage < epi_tile_num):
+                            if is_tma_warp:
+                                epi_pipeline.producer_acquire(epi_producer_state)
+                                # Get the global memory coordinate for the current epi tile
+                                gmem_coord = epi_tile_layout.get_hier_coord(
+                                    epi_idx + self.epi_c_stage
+                                )
+                                cute.copy(
+                                    tma_atom_c,
+                                    bGS_gC[None, gmem_coord],
+                                    bGS_sC[None, epi_producer_state.index],
+                                    tma_bar_ptr=epi_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(
+                                        epi_producer_state
+                                    ),
+                                )
+                                # Epi pipeline's producer commit is a NOP
+                                epi_pipeline.producer_commit(epi_producer_state)
+                            epi_producer_state.advance()
+                        tRS_rD.store(tRS_rD.load() + tRS_rC.load().to(self.acc_dtype))
+                    # Type conversion
+                    tRS_rD_out = cute.make_fragment_like(tRS_rD, self.d_dtype)
+                    tRS_rD_out.store(tRS_rD.load().to(self.d_dtype))
+                    # Copy from D registers to shared memory
+                    epi_buffer = (num_prev_subtiles + epi_idx) % cute.size(tRS_sD, mode=[3])
+                    cute.copy(tiled_copy_r2s, tRS_rD_out, tRS_sD[None, None, None, epi_buffer])
+                    # Fence and barrier to make sure shared memory store is visible to TMA store
+                    cute.arch.fence_proxy(
+                        cute.arch.ProxyKind.async_shared, space=cute.arch.SharedSpace.shared_cta
+                    )
+                    epilogue_barrier.arrive_and_wait()
+                    # Get the global memory coordinate for the current epi tile
+                    gmem_coord = epi_tile_layout.get_hier_coord(epi_idx)
+                    # Copy from shared memory to global memory
+                    if is_tma_warp:
+                        if const_expr(varlen):
+                            tma_desc_ptr = tensormap_manager.get_tensormap_ptr(
+                                tensormap_d_ptr,
+                                cute.AddressSpace.generic,
+                            )
+                        else:
+                            tma_desc_ptr = None
+                        cute.copy(
+                            tma_atom_d,
+                            bSG_sD[None, epi_buffer],
+                            bSG_gD[None, gmem_coord],
+                            tma_desc_ptr=tma_desc_ptr,
+                        )
+                        cute.arch.cp_async_bulk_commit_group()
+                        cute.arch.cp_async_bulk_wait_group(self.epi_stage - 1, read=True)
+                    epilogue_barrier.arrive_and_wait()
+
+                if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+                    # Update starting load/store pipeline states for the next tile
+                    epi_read_state.advance_iters(c_tile_cnt)
+                    epi_producer_state.advance_iters(c_tile_cnt)
+                    # With pingpong, 2 WGs write two different output tiles to the same smem,
+                    # so we have to make sure the smem content is done reading before signaling
+                    # the next WG's epilogue.
+                    if warp_idx == 0 or warp_idx == 4:
+                        cute.arch.cp_async_bulk_wait_group(0, read=True)
+                    self.pingpong_barrier_arrive(1 - warp_group_idx, stage="epi")
+
+                tile_scheduler.advance_to_next_work(
+                    advance_count=1 if not self.pingpong else self.mma_warp_groups
+                )
+                work_tile = tile_scheduler.get_current_work()
+                # End of persistent scheduler loop
+
+            if const_expr(not self.pingpong):
+                if warp_idx == 0:
+                    cute.arch.cp_async_bulk_wait_group(0, read=True)
+
+    @cute.jit
+    def load_AB(
+        self,
+        ab_pipeline: cutlass.pipeline.PipelineAsync,
+        ab_producer_state: cutlass.pipeline.PipelineState,
+        copy_A: Callable,
+        tAgA: cute.Tensor,
+        tAsA: cute.Tensor,
+        copy_B: Callable,
+        tBgB: cute.Tensor,
+        tBsB: cute.Tensor,
+    ) -> cutlass.pipeline.PipelineState:
+        k_tile_cnt = cute.size(tAgA, mode=[1])
+        # Peek (try_wait) AB buffer empty for k_block = prefetch_k_tile_cnt
+        peek_ab_empty_status = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+        if 0 < k_tile_cnt:
+            peek_ab_empty_status = ab_pipeline.producer_try_acquire(ab_producer_state)
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        # TMA load
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        for k_tile in cutlass.range(k_tile_cnt, unroll=1):
+            # Wait for A/B buffers to be empty before loading into them
+            # Also sets the transaction barrier for the A/B buffers
+            ab_pipeline.producer_acquire(ab_producer_state, peek_ab_empty_status)
+            tma_bar_ptr = ab_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(ab_producer_state)
+            copy_A(
+                tAgA[None, k_tile],
+                tAsA[None, ab_producer_state.index],
+                tma_bar_ptr=tma_bar_ptr,
+            )
+            copy_B(
+                tBgB[None, k_tile],
+                tBsB[None, ab_producer_state.index],
+                tma_bar_ptr=tma_bar_ptr,
+            )
+            # Mainloop pipeline's producer commit is a NOP
+            ab_pipeline.producer_commit(ab_producer_state)
+            ab_producer_state.advance()
+            peek_ab_empty_status = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+            if k_tile + 1 < k_tile_cnt:
+                peek_ab_empty_status = ab_pipeline.producer_try_acquire(ab_producer_state)
+        return ab_producer_state
+
+    @cute.jit
+    def load_AB_gather_A(
+        self,
+        ab_pipeline: cutlass.pipeline.PipelineAsync,
+        ab_producer_state: cutlass.pipeline.PipelineState,
+        thr_copy_A: cute.core.ThrCopy,
+        mA: cute.Tensor,
+        tAsA: cute.Tensor,
+        gAIdx: cute.Tensor,
+        copy_B: Callable,
+        tBgB: cute.Tensor,
+        tBsB: cute.Tensor,
+        limit_A: Tuple[Int32, Int32],
+    ) -> cutlass.pipeline.PipelineState:
+        # (atom_v, CPY_M, 1, RestK)
+        limit_m, limit_k = limit_A
+        limit_m = min(limit_m, self.tile_shape_mnk[0])  # To avoid writing beyond smem limit
+        cA = cute.make_identity_tensor(cute.select(self.tile_shape_mnk, [0, 2]))
+        tAcA = thr_copy_A.partition_S(cA)
+        t0AcA = thr_copy_A.get_slice(0).partition_S(cA)
+        # Instead of comparing tAcA to limit_m, we instead compare t0AcA to limit_m - tAcA[0][0]
+        # since we know that tAcA[m][0] = t0AcA[m][0] + tAcA[0][0].
+        # This is so that when we do the comparison, t0AcA is known at compile time.
+        limit_m = limit_m - tAcA[0][0]
+        # Read indices for A
+        rows_per_thread = const_expr(cute.size(tAcA.shape, mode=[1]))
+        m_idx = cute.make_fragment(rows_per_thread, Int32)
+        for m in cutlass.range(rows_per_thread):
+            row_idx = tAcA[0, m, 0][0]
+            if t0AcA[0, m, 0][0] < limit_m:
+                m_idx[m] = gAIdx[row_idx]
+            else:
+                m_idx[m] = -1
+        elems_per_load = cute.size(tAsA.shape[0][0])
+        # (m, (bK, RestK))
+        mA_k = cute.logical_divide(mA, (None, self.tile_shape_mnk[2]))
+        warp_idx = cute.arch.make_warp_uniform(cute.arch.warp_idx())
+        k_tile_cnt = cute.size(tBgB, mode=[1])
+        # Peek (try_wait) AB buffer empty for k_block = prefetch_k_tile_cnt
+        peek_ab_empty_status = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+        if 0 < k_tile_cnt:
+            peek_ab_empty_status = ab_pipeline.producer_try_acquire(ab_producer_state)
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        # TMA load on B and cp.async on A
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        copy_A = partial(cute.copy, thr_copy_A)
+        for k_tile in cutlass.range(k_tile_cnt - 1, unroll=1):
+            # Wait for A/B buffers to be empty before loading into them
+            # Also sets the transaction barrier for the A/B buffers
+            ab_pipeline.producer_acquire(
+                ab_producer_state,
+                peek_ab_empty_status,
+                # A tiny bit faster to rotate the warp that does TMA
+                is_tma_warp=warp_idx == self.ab_load_warp_id + (k_tile % self.num_ab_load_warps),
+            )
+            # A bit faster to load B first while we calculate the predicate for A
+            if warp_idx == self.ab_load_warp_id + (k_tile % self.num_ab_load_warps):
+                copy_B(
+                    tBgB[None, k_tile],
+                    tBsB[None, ab_producer_state.index],
+                    tma_bar_ptr=ab_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(ab_producer_state),
+                )
+            # (m, bK)
+            mA_cur = mA_k[None, (None, k_tile)]
+            for m in cutlass.range_constexpr(tAcA.shape[1]):
+                # (elems_per_load, thread_per_row)
+                mA_row = cute.tiled_divide(mA_cur[m_idx[m], None], (elems_per_load,))
+                if t0AcA[0, m, 0][0] < limit_m:
+                    # There's only 1 load per row
+                    assert cute.size(tAcA.shape, mode=[2]) == 1
+                    ki = tAcA[0, 0, 0][1] // elems_per_load
+                    copy_A(mA_row[None, ki], tAsA[(None, m), ab_producer_state.index])
+            # This tells mbarrier to track the completion of cp.async
+            ab_pipeline.producer_commit(ab_producer_state)
+            ab_producer_state.advance()
+            peek_ab_empty_status = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+            if k_tile + 1 < k_tile_cnt:
+                peek_ab_empty_status = ab_pipeline.producer_try_acquire(ab_producer_state)
+        # bound checking in the K dimension on the last k_tile
+        if 0 < k_tile_cnt:
+            k_tile = k_tile_cnt - 1
+            ab_pipeline.producer_acquire(
+                ab_producer_state,
+                peek_ab_empty_status,
+                is_tma_warp=warp_idx == self.ab_load_warp_id + (k_tile % self.num_ab_load_warps),
+            )
+            if warp_idx == self.ab_load_warp_id + (k_tile % self.num_ab_load_warps):
+                copy_B(
+                    tBgB[None, k_tile],
+                    tBsB[None, ab_producer_state.index],
+                    tma_bar_ptr=ab_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(ab_producer_state),
+                )
+            assert tAcA.shape[2] == 1  # there's only 1 load along the K dimension
+            tApA = cute.make_fragment(1, cutlass.Boolean)
+            tApA[0] = tAcA[0, 0, 0][1] < limit_k
+            # (m, bK)
+            mA_cur = mA_k[None, (None, k_tile)]
+            for m in cutlass.range_constexpr(tAcA.shape[1]):
+                # (elems_per_load, thread_per_row)
+                mA_row = cute.tiled_divide(mA_cur[m_idx[m], None], (elems_per_load,))
+                if t0AcA[0, m, 0][0] < limit_m:
+                    # There's only 1 load per row
+                    assert cute.size(tAcA.shape, mode=[2]) == 1
+                    ki = tAcA[0, 0, 0][1] // elems_per_load
+                    # copy_A(mA_row[None, ki], tAsA[(None, m), ab_producer_state.index], pred=tApA)
+                    # TODO
+                    copy_A(mA_row[None, ki], tAsA[(None, m), ab_producer_state.index])
+            ab_pipeline.producer_commit(ab_producer_state)
+            ab_producer_state.advance()
+        return ab_producer_state
+
+    @cute.jit
+    def mma(
+        self,
+        ab_pipeline: cutlass.pipeline.PipelineAsync,
+        ab_read_state: cutlass.pipeline.PipelineState,
+        tiled_mma: cute.TiledMma,
+        tCrA: cute.Tensor,
+        tCrB: cute.Tensor,
+        acc: cute.Tensor,
+        acc_slow: Optional[cute.Tensor],
+        k_tile_cnt: Int32,
+        warp_group_idx: Int32,
+    ) -> Tuple[cutlass.pipeline.PipelineState, cute.TiledMma]:
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Prologue MMAs
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        k_pipe_mmas = 1
+        ab_release_state = ab_read_state.clone()
+        num_prologue_mma = min(k_pipe_mmas, k_tile_cnt)
+        if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+            self.pingpong_barrier_sync(warp_group_idx, stage="mma")
+        peek_ab_full_status = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+        if 0 < k_tile_cnt:
+            peek_ab_full_status = ab_pipeline.consumer_try_wait(ab_read_state)
+        tiled_mma.set(warpgroup.Field.ACCUMULATE, False)
+        num_k_blocks = cute.size(tCrA, mode=[2])
+        # TODO: this is probably not correct if k_tile_cnt == 0
+        for k_tile in cutlass.range(num_prologue_mma):
+            # Wait for A/B buffer to be ready
+            ab_pipeline.consumer_wait(ab_read_state, peek_ab_full_status)
+            warpgroup.fence()
+            for k_blk_idx in cutlass.range(num_k_blocks, unroll_full=True):
+                k_blk_coord = (None, None, k_blk_idx, ab_read_state.index)
+                cute.gemm(tiled_mma, acc, tCrA[k_blk_coord], tCrB[k_blk_coord], acc)
+                tiled_mma.set(warpgroup.Field.ACCUMULATE, True)
+            warpgroup.commit_group()
+            ab_read_state.advance()
+            peek_ab_full_status = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+            if k_tile + 1 < k_tile_cnt:
+                peek_ab_full_status = ab_pipeline.consumer_try_wait(ab_read_state)
+        if const_expr(self.fp8_slow_accum):
+            warpgroup.wait_group(0)
+            acc_slow.store(acc.load())
+
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  MAINLOOP
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        for k_tile in cutlass.range(num_prologue_mma, k_tile_cnt, unroll=1):
+            # Wait for TMA copies to complete
+            ab_pipeline.consumer_wait(ab_read_state, peek_ab_full_status)
+            # WGMMA
+            warpgroup.fence()
+            if const_expr(self.fp8_slow_accum):
+                tiled_mma.set(warpgroup.Field.ACCUMULATE, False)
+            for k_blk_idx in cutlass.range(num_k_blocks, unroll_full=True):
+                k_blk_coord = (None, None, k_blk_idx, ab_read_state.index)
+                cute.gemm(tiled_mma, acc, tCrA[k_blk_coord], tCrB[k_blk_coord], acc)
+                tiled_mma.set(warpgroup.Field.ACCUMULATE, True)
+            warpgroup.commit_group()
+            # Wait on the wgmma barrier for previous k_pipe_mmas wgmmas to complete
+            if const_expr(not self.fp8_slow_accum):
+                warpgroup.wait_group(k_pipe_mmas)
+            else:
+                warpgroup.wait_group(0)
+                acc_slow.store(acc_slow.load() + acc.load())
+            ab_pipeline.consumer_release(ab_release_state)
+            ab_read_state.advance()
+            ab_release_state.advance()
+            peek_ab_full_status = cutlass.Boolean(True)
+            if k_tile + 1 < k_tile_cnt:
+                peek_ab_full_status = ab_pipeline.consumer_try_wait(ab_read_state)
+        if const_expr(self.pingpong):
+            # Cue for next WG's MMA to start
+            self.pingpong_barrier_arrive(1 - warp_group_idx, stage="mma")
+        if const_expr(not self.fp8_slow_accum):
+            # fp8_slow_accum would already called wait_group(0) inside the loop
+            warpgroup.wait_group(0)
+        for k_tile in cutlass.range(k_pipe_mmas, unroll=1):
+            ab_pipeline.consumer_release(ab_release_state)
+            ab_release_state.advance()
+        if const_expr(self.fp8_slow_accum):
+            acc.store(acc_slow.load())
+        # If we don't return the tiled_mma, we get compiler error
+        # "operand #0 does not dominate this use"
+        return ab_read_state, tiled_mma
+
+    def pingpong_barrier_sync(self, warp_group_idx: Int32, stage: str):
+        assert stage in ["mma", "epi"]
+        barrier = NamedBarrierGemm.MmaWG0 if stage == "mma" else NamedBarrierGemm.EpiWG0
+        cute.arch.barrier(
+            barrier_id=int(barrier) + warp_group_idx,
+            number_of_threads=2 * self.num_threads_per_warp_group,
+        )
+
+    def pingpong_barrier_arrive(self, warp_group_idx: Int32, stage: str):
+        assert stage in ["mma", "epi"]
+        barrier = NamedBarrierGemm.MmaWG0 if stage == "mma" else NamedBarrierGemm.EpiWG0
+        cute.arch.barrier_arrive(
+            barrier_id=int(barrier) + warp_group_idx,
+            number_of_threads=2 * self.num_threads_per_warp_group,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _compute_stages(
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        epi_tile: Optional[Tuple[int, int]],
+        a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        c_dtype: Optional[Type[cutlass.Numeric]],
+        smem_capacity: int,
+        occupancy: int,
+        overlap_sD_sA: bool,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Computes the number of stages for A/B/C operands based on heuristics.
+
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: The shape (M, N, K) of the CTA tile.
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param a_dtype: Data type of operand A.
+        :type a_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param b_dtype: Data type of operand B.
+        :type b_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param smem_capacity: Total available shared memory capacity in bytes.
+        :type smem_capacity: int
+        :param occupancy: Target number of CTAs per SM (occupancy).
+        :type occupancy: int
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the computed number of stages for:
+                 (A/B operand stages, epilogue stages)
+        :rtype: Tuple[int, int]
+        """
+
+        epi_stage = 2
+        if overlap_sD_sA:
+            epi_bytes = 0
+        else:
+            d_bytes_per_stage = cute.size(epi_tile) * d_dtype.width // 8
+            epi_bytes = d_bytes_per_stage * epi_stage
+        epi_c_stage = 0 if c_dtype is None else 2
+        if c_dtype is not None:
+            epi_bytes += cute.size(epi_tile) * c_dtype.width // 8 * epi_c_stage
+
+        a_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (None, 0, None))
+        b_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (0, None, None))
+        ab_bytes_per_stage = (
+            cute.size(a_shape) * a_dtype.width // 8 + cute.size(b_shape) * b_dtype.width // 8
+        )
+        mbar_helpers_bytes = 1024
+
+        remaining_bytes = (
+            (smem_capacity - occupancy * 1024) // occupancy - mbar_helpers_bytes - epi_bytes
+        )
+        ab_stage = remaining_bytes // ab_bytes_per_stage
+
+        # Refine epilogue stages:
+        # Calculate remaining smem after allocating for A/B stages and reserved bytes
+        # Add remaining unused smem to epilogue
+        if not overlap_sD_sA:
+            epi_stage += (remaining_bytes - ab_bytes_per_stage * ab_stage) // d_bytes_per_stage
+        return ab_stage, epi_stage, epi_c_stage
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _sm90_compute_tile_shape_or_override(
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        atom_layout_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        element_type: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        epi_tile_override: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Compute the epilogue tile shape or use override if provided.
+
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: CTA tile shape (M,N,K)
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param element_type: Data type of elements
+        :type element_type: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param is_cooperative: Whether to use cooperative approach
+        :type is_cooperative: bool
+        :param epi_tile_override: Optional override for epilogue tile shape
+        :type epi_tile_override: Tuple[int, int] or None
+
+        :return: Computed epilogue tile shape
+        :rtype: Tuple[int, int]
+        """
+        if epi_tile_override is not None:
+            return epi_tile_override
+        if tile_shape_mnk[0] % 128 == 0 and atom_layout_mnk[0] > 1:
+            tile_m = math.gcd(128, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0]))
+            tile_n = math.gcd(32, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[1]))
+        elif tile_shape_mnk[0] % 192 == 0 and atom_layout_mnk[0] > 1:
+            tile_m = math.gcd(192, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0]))
+            tile_n = math.gcd(32, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[1]))
+        else:
+            # In the case of tile shape 128 x N but atom_layout 1 x 2, we need to set
+            # epi_tile_m = 64. If epi_tile_m = 128, the epilogue would iterate along the
+            # M dimension first, then move to the N dimension. But the accumulator in registers
+            # iterate along the N dimension first, then move to the M dimension.
+            # We could change the epilogue to accommodate this,
+            # but it's easier to just set epi_tile_m = 64.
+            n_perf = 64 if element_type.width == 8 else 32
+            tile_m = math.gcd(64, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0]))
+            tile_n = math.gcd(n_perf, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[1]))
+        return (tile_m, tile_n)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_smem_layouts(
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        epi_tile: Tuple[int, int],
+        a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        a_layout: cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum,
+        b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        b_layout: cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum,
+        ab_stage: int,
+        d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        d_layout: cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum,
+        epi_stage: int,
+        c_dtype: Optional[Type[cutlass.Numeric]],
+        c_layout: Optional[cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum],
+        epi_c_stage: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[
+        cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout, Optional[cute.ComposedLayout]
+    ]:
+        """Create shared memory layouts for A, B, and C tensors.
+
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: CTA tile shape (M,N,K)
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param epi_tile: Epilogue tile shape
+        :type epi_tile: Tuple[int, int]
+        :param a_dtype: Data type for matrix A
+        :type a_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param a_layout: Layout enum for matrix A
+        :type a_layout: cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum
+        :param b_dtype: Data type for matrix B
+        :type b_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param b_layout: Layout enum for matrix B
+        :type b_layout: cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum
+        :param ab_stage: Number of stages for A/B tensors
+        :type ab_stage: int
+        :param d_dtype: Data type for output matrix C
+        :type d_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param d_layout: Layout enum for the output matrix C
+        :type d_layout: cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum
+        :param epi_stage: Number of epilogue stages
+        :type epi_stage: int
+
+        :return: Tuple of shared memory layouts for A, B, and C
+        :rtype: Tuple[cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout]
+        """
+        a_smem_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (None, 0, None))
+
+        a_is_k_major = a_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode() == warpgroup.OperandMajorMode.K
+        b_is_k_major = b_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode() == warpgroup.OperandMajorMode.K
+        a_major_mode_size = tile_shape_mnk[2 if a_is_k_major else 0]
+        a_smem_layout_atom = warpgroup.make_smem_layout_atom(
+            sm90_utils.get_smem_layout_atom(
+                a_layout,
+                a_dtype,
+                a_major_mode_size,
+            ),
+            a_dtype,
+        )
+        a_smem_layout_staged = cute.tile_to_shape(
+            a_smem_layout_atom,
+            cute.append(a_smem_shape, ab_stage),
+            order=(0, 1, 2) if a_is_k_major else (1, 0, 2),
+        )
+
+        b_smem_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (0, None, None))
+
+        b_major_mode_size = tile_shape_mnk[2 if b_is_k_major else 1]
+        b_smem_layout_atom = warpgroup.make_smem_layout_atom(
+            sm90_utils.get_smem_layout_atom(
+                b_layout,
+                b_dtype,
+                b_major_mode_size,
+            ),
+            b_dtype,
+        )
+        b_smem_layout_staged = cute.tile_to_shape(
+            b_smem_layout_atom,
+            cute.append(b_smem_shape, ab_stage),
+            order=(0, 1, 2) if b_is_k_major else (1, 0, 2),
+        )
+
+        d_smem_shape = epi_tile
+        d_major_mode_size = epi_tile[1] if d_layout.is_n_major_c() else epi_tile[0]
+        d_smem_layout_atom = warpgroup.make_smem_layout_atom(
+            sm90_utils.get_smem_layout_atom(d_layout, d_dtype, d_major_mode_size),
+            d_dtype,
+        )
+        epi_smem_layout_staged = cute.tile_to_shape(
+            d_smem_layout_atom,
+            cute.append(d_smem_shape, epi_stage),
+            order=(1, 0, 2) if d_layout.is_m_major_c() else (0, 1, 2),
+        )
+
+        if c_dtype is not None:
+            assert c_layout is not None
+            c_smem_shape = epi_tile
+            c_major_mode_size = epi_tile[1] if c_layout.is_n_major_c() else epi_tile[0]
+            c_smem_layout_atom = warpgroup.make_smem_layout_atom(
+                sm90_utils.get_smem_layout_atom(c_layout, c_dtype, c_major_mode_size),
+                c_dtype,
+            )
+            epi_c_smem_layout_staged = cute.tile_to_shape(
+                c_smem_layout_atom,
+                cute.append(c_smem_shape, epi_c_stage),
+                order=(1, 0, 2) if c_layout.is_m_major_c() else (0, 1, 2),
+            )
+        else:
+            epi_c_smem_layout_staged = None
+
+        return (
+            a_smem_layout_staged,
+            b_smem_layout_staged,
+            epi_smem_layout_staged,
+            epi_c_smem_layout_staged,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_tma_epi_atoms_and_tensors(
+        tensor_d: cute.Tensor,
+        epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        epi_tile: Tuple[int, int],
+        store_or_load: str,
+    ) -> Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]:
+        """Create TMA atoms and tensors for storing D or loading C.
+
+        :param tensor_d: Output tensor D
+        :type tensor_d: cute.Tensor
+        :param epi_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for epilogue
+        :type epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param epi_tile: Epilogue tile shape
+        :type epi_tile: Tuple[int, int]
+
+        :return: TMA atom and tensor for C
+        :rtype: Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]
+        """
+        assert store_or_load in ["load", "store"]
+        epi_smem_layout = cute.slice_(epi_smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        d_cta_v_layout = cute.composition(cute.make_identity_layout(tensor_d.shape), epi_tile)
+        op = (
+            cpasync.CopyBulkTensorTileG2SOp()
+            if store_or_load == "load"
+            else cpasync.CopyBulkTensorTileS2GOp()
+        )
+        tma_atom_d, tma_tensor_d = cpasync.make_tiled_tma_atom(
+            op, tensor_d, epi_smem_layout, d_cta_v_layout
+        )
+        return tma_atom_d, tma_tensor_d
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_tma_atoms_and_tensors(
+        tensor: cute.Tensor,
+        smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        smem_tile: Tuple[int, int],
+        mcast_dim: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]:
+        """Create TMA atoms and tensors for input tensors.
+
+        :param tensor: Input tensor (A or B)
+        :type tensor: cute.Tensor
+        :param smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for the tensor
+        :type smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param smem_tile: Shared memory tile shape
+        :type smem_tile: Tuple[int, int]
+        :param mcast_dim: Multicast dimension
+        :type mcast_dim: int
+
+        :return: TMA atom and tensor
+        :rtype: Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]
+        """
+        op = (
+            cpasync.CopyBulkTensorTileG2SOp()
+            if mcast_dim == 1
+            else cpasync.CopyBulkTensorTileG2SMulticastOp()
+        )
+
+        smem_layout = cute.slice_(smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        tma_atom, tma_tensor = cpasync.make_tiled_tma_atom(
+            op,
+            tensor,
+            smem_layout,
+            smem_tile,
+            num_multicast=mcast_dim,
+        )
+        return tma_atom, tma_tensor
+
+    def _make_gmem_tiled_copy_A(self, dtype, major_mode, num_threads, copy_bits=128):
+        atom_async_copy = cute.make_copy_atom(
+            cpasync.CopyG2SOp(cache_mode=cpasync.LoadCacheMode.GLOBAL),
+            dtype,
+            num_bits_per_copy=copy_bits,
+        )
+        copy_elems = copy_bits // dtype.width
+        shape_dim_1 = cute.size(self.tile_shape_mnk[2]) // copy_elems
+        # thread layout for copy
+        thread_layout = cute.make_layout(
+            (num_threads // shape_dim_1, shape_dim_1), stride=(shape_dim_1, 1)
+        )
+        if major_mode != cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum.ROW_MAJOR:
+            shape_dim_0 = cute.size(self.tile_shape_mnk[0]) // copy_elems
+            thread_layout = cute.make_layout(
+                (shape_dim_0, num_threads // shape_dim_0), stride=(1, shape_dim_0)
+            )
+        # Value layout for copy
+        value_layout = (
+            cute.make_layout((1, copy_elems))
+            if major_mode == cutlass.utils.LayoutEnum.ROW_MAJOR
+            else cute.make_layout((copy_elems, 1))
+        )
+        return cute.make_tiled_copy_tv(atom_async_copy, thread_layout, value_layout)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_valid_dtypes(
+        a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        a_major: str,
+        b_major: str,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the dtypes are valid
+
+        :param a_dtype: The data type of tensor A
+        :type a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param b_dtype: The data type of tensor B
+        :type b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param acc_dtype: The data type of the accumulator
+        :type acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param d_dtype: The data type of the output tensor
+        :type d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param a_major: major mode of tensor A
+        :type a_major: str
+        :param b_major: major mode of tensor B
+        :type b_major: str
+
+        :return: True if the dtypes are valid, False otherwise
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        is_valid = True
+        if a_dtype not in {
+            cutlass.Float16,
+            cutlass.BFloat16,
+            cutlass.Float8E4M3FN,
+            cutlass.Float8E5M2,
+        }:
+            is_valid = False
+        # tested b_dtype
+        if b_dtype not in {
+            cutlass.Float16,
+            cutlass.BFloat16,
+            cutlass.Float8E4M3FN,
+            cutlass.Float8E5M2,
+        }:
+            is_valid = False
+        if acc_dtype not in {cutlass.Float32, cutlass.Float16}:
+            is_valid = False
+        # tested d_dtype
+        if d_dtype not in {
+            cutlass.Float32,
+            cutlass.Float16,
+            cutlass.BFloat16,
+            cutlass.Float8E4M3FN,
+            cutlass.Float8E5M2,
+        }:
+            is_valid = False
+        # make sure a_dtype == b_dtype for Float16
+        if a_dtype.width == 16 and a_dtype != b_dtype:
+            is_valid = False
+        # make sure a_dtype.width == b_dtype.width (i.e, Float8E4M3FN or Float8E5M2)
+        if a_dtype.width != b_dtype.width:
+            is_valid = False
+
+        # for Float8 types, this implementation only supports k-major layout
+        if (a_dtype.width == 8 and a_major != "k") or (b_dtype.width == 8 and b_major != "k"):
+            is_valid = False
+
+        return is_valid
+
+
+def run(
+    mnkl: Tuple[int, int, int, int],
+    a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    c_dtype: Optional[Type[cutlass.Numeric]],
+    acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    a_major: str,
+    b_major: str,
+    d_major: str,
+    c_major: str,
+    tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    cluster_shape_mn: Tuple[int, int],
+    tolerance: float,
+    warmup_iterations: int,
+    iterations: int,
+    skip_ref_check: bool,
+    persistent: bool,
+    dynamic_persistent: bool,
+    pingpong: bool,
+    varlen_m: bool,
+    gather_A: bool,
+    fp8_fast_accum: bool,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """
+    Prepare A/B/D/C tensors, launch GPU kernel, and reference checking.
+
+    :param mnkl: Problem size (M, N, K, L)
+    :type mnkl: Tuple[int, int, int, int]
+    :param a_dtype: Data type for input tensor A
+    :type a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param b_dtype: Data type for input tensor B
+    :type b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param d_dtype: Data type for output tensor C
+    :type d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param acc_dtype: Data type for accumulation during matrix multiplication
+    :type acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param a_major/b_major/d_major: Memory layout of tensor A/B/C
+    :type a_major/b_major/d_major: str
+    :param tile_shape_mnk: CTA tile shape (M, N, K)
+    :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+    :param cluster_shape_mn: Cluster shape (M, N)
+    :type cluster_shape_mn: Tuple[int, int]
+    :param tolerance: Tolerance value for reference validation comparison
+    :type tolerance: float
+    :param warmup_iterations: Number of warmup iterations before benchmarking, defaults to 0
+    :type warmup_iterations: int, optional
+    :param iterations: Number of benchmark iterations to run, defaults to 1
+    :type iterations: int, optional
+    :param skip_ref_check: Whether to skip reference result validation, defaults to False
+    :type skip_ref_check: bool, optional
+    """
+
+    if dynamic_persistent:
+        persistent = True
+
+    print("Running Hopper Dense GEMM with:")
+    print(f"mnkl: {mnkl}")
+    print(
+        f"A dtype: {a_dtype}, B dtype: {b_dtype}, D dtype: {d_dtype}, C_dtype: {c_dtype}, Acc dtype: {acc_dtype}"
+    )
+    print(f"Matrix majors - A: {a_major}, B: {b_major}, D: {d_major}")
+    print(f"Tile Shape: {tile_shape_mnk}, Cluster Shape: {cluster_shape_mn}")
+    print(f"Tolerance: {tolerance}")
+    print(f"Warmup iterations: {warmup_iterations}")
+    print(f"Iterations: {iterations}")
+    print(f"Skip reference checking: {skip_ref_check}")
+
+    # Unpack parameters
+    m, n, k, l = mnkl
+    cluster_shape_mnk = (*cluster_shape_mn, 1)
+
+    # Skip unsupported types
+    if not HopperWgmmaGemmKernel.is_valid_dtypes(
+        a_dtype, b_dtype, acc_dtype, d_dtype, a_major, b_major
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Skipping due to unsupported combination of types and majors: {a_dtype}, {b_dtype}, {acc_dtype}, {d_dtype}, {a_major=}, {b_major=}"
+        )
+
+    # Prepare pytorch tensors: A, B (random from 0 to 2) and C (all zero)
+    if not torch.cuda.is_available():
+        raise RuntimeError("GPU is required to run this example!")
+
+    torch.manual_seed(1111)
+
+    # Create and permute tensor A/B/C
+    def create_and_permute_tensor(l, mode0, mode1, is_mode0_major, dtype, is_dynamic_layout=True):
+        # is_mode0_major: (l, mode1, mode0) -> (mode0, mode1, l)
+        # else : (l, mode0, mode1) -> (mode0, mode1, l)
+        shape = (l, mode1, mode0) if is_mode0_major else (l, mode0, mode1)
+        permute_order = (2, 1, 0) if is_mode0_major else (1, 2, 0)
+        is_unsigned = dtype in {cutlass.Uint8}
+        # Temporarily use uint8 as torch does not support fp8 type
+        torch_dtype = cutlass_torch.dtype(dtype)
+        gen_dtype = (
+            torch_dtype
+            if dtype not in {cutlass.Float8E5M2, cutlass.Float8E4M3FN}
+            else torch.bfloat16
+        )
+
+        # Create dtype torch tensor (cpu)
+        torch_tensor_cpu = cutlass.torch.create_and_permute_torch_tensor(
+            shape,
+            gen_dtype,
+            permute_order=permute_order,
+            # init_type=cutlass.torch.TensorInitType.RANDOM,
+            # init_config=cutlass.torch.RandomInitConfig(
+            #     min_val=0 if is_unsigned else -2, max_val=4 if is_unsigned else 2
+            # ),
+            init_type=cutlass.torch.TensorInitType.GAUSSIAN,
+            init_config=cutlass.torch.GaussianInitConfig(std=k ** (-0.5), scale=1),
+        ).to(torch_dtype)
+        # Create dtype torch tensor (gpu)
+        torch_tensor = torch_tensor_cpu.cuda()
+
+        # Create f32 torch tensor (cpu)
+        f32_torch_tensor = torch_tensor_cpu.to(dtype=torch.float32)
+
+        # Create dtype cute tensor (gpu)
+        torch_tensor_view = (
+            torch_tensor
+            if dtype not in {cutlass.Float8E5M2, cutlass.Float8E4M3FN}
+            else torch_tensor.view(torch.uint8)
+        )
+        cute_tensor = from_dlpack(torch_tensor_view, assumed_align=16)
+        cute_tensor.element_type = dtype
+        if is_dynamic_layout:
+            cute_tensor = cute_tensor.mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=(0 if is_mode0_major else 1))
+            cute_tensor = cute_tensor.mark_compact_shape_dynamic(
+                mode=(1 if not is_mode0_major else 0),
+                stride_order=(2, 0, 1) if not is_mode0_major else (2, 1, 0),
+                divisibility=(128 // dtype.width),
+            )
+        cute_tensor = cutlass.torch.convert_cute_tensor(
+            f32_torch_tensor,
+            cute_tensor,
+            dtype,
+            is_dynamic_layout=is_dynamic_layout,
+        )
+
+        return f32_torch_tensor, cute_tensor, torch_tensor
+
+    a, mA, a_torch = create_and_permute_tensor(l, m, k, a_major == "m", a_dtype)
+    if gather_A:
+        assert a_major == "k"
+        a_idx = torch.randperm(l * m, dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda")
+        from einops import rearrange
+
+        a = rearrange(rearrange(a, "m k l -> (m l) k")[a_idx.cpu()], "(m l) k -> m k l", m=m)
+        a_torch = rearrange(a_torch, "m k l -> (m l) k")
+        mA = from_dlpack(a_torch, assumed_align=16).mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=1)
+        a_idx_reshaped = rearrange(a_idx, "(m l) -> l m", m=m).contiguous().transpose(0, 1)
+        mAIdx = from_dlpack(a_idx_reshaped, assumed_align=4).mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=0)
+    else:
+        mAIdx = None
+    b, mB, b_torch = create_and_permute_tensor(l, n, k, b_major == "n", b_dtype)
+    _, mD, d_torch = create_and_permute_tensor(l, m, n, d_major == "m", d_dtype)
+    if c_dtype is not None:
+        c, mC, c_torch = create_and_permute_tensor(l, m, n, c_major == "m", c_dtype)
+    else:
+        c, mC, c_torch = None, None, None
+    if varlen_m:
+        assert a_major == "k"
+        assert d_major == "n"
+        from einops import rearrange
+
+        a, d_torch = [rearrange(t, "m x l -> (l m) x") for t in (a, d_torch)]
+        if not gather_A:
+            (a_torch,) = [rearrange(t, "m x l -> (l m) x") for t in (a_torch,)]
+        if c_dtype is not None:
+            c, c_torch = [rearrange(t, "m x l -> (l m) x") for t in (c, c_torch)]
+            mC = from_dlpack(c_torch, assumed_align=16).mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=1)
+        mA = from_dlpack(a_torch, assumed_align=16).mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=1)
+        mD = from_dlpack(d_torch, assumed_align=16).mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=1)
+        # TODO: generate random cu_seqlens_m
+        cu_seqlens_m = torch.arange(0, l + 1, dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda") * m
+        mCuSeqlensM = from_dlpack(cu_seqlens_m, assumed_align=64).mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=0)
+        if gather_A:
+            a_idx_reshaped = rearrange(a_idx_reshaped, "m l -> (l m)")
+            mAIdx = from_dlpack(a_idx_reshaped, assumed_align=4).mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=0)
+    else:
+        cu_seqlens_m, mCuSeqlensM = None, None
+
+    if varlen_m:  # Need to allocate space in gmem to store tensormaps
+        if not persistent:
+            total_m = m * l
+            block_size_m = tile_shape_mnk[0] * cluster_shape_mnk[0]
+            block_size_n = tile_shape_mnk[1] * cluster_shape_mnk[1]
+            total_clusters_m_max = (total_m + l * (block_size_m - 1)) // block_size_m
+            total_clusters_max = total_clusters_m_max * ((n + block_size_n - 1) // block_size_n)
+            total_ctas = total_clusters_max * cluster_shape_mnk[0] * cluster_shape_mnk[1]
+        else:
+            total_ctas = cutlass.utils.HardwareInfo().get_device_multiprocessor_count()
+        if pingpong:
+            total_ctas *= 2
+        # 128 bytes per tensormap
+        tensormaps_torch = torch.empty(total_ctas, 128 // 8, dtype=torch.int64, device="cuda")
+        tensormaps_tensor = from_dlpack(
+            tensormaps_torch, assumed_align=128
+        ).mark_compact_shape_dynamic(mode=0, stride_order=(0, 1))
+    else:
+        tensormaps_tensor = None
+
+    gemm = HopperWgmmaGemmKernel(
+        acc_dtype,
+        a_dtype,
+        tile_shape_mnk,
+        cluster_shape_mnk,
+        pingpong=pingpong,
+        is_persistent=persistent,
+        fp8_fast_accum=fp8_fast_accum,
+        gather_A=gather_A,
+    )
+
+    # Compute max active clusters on current device
+    if persistent:
+        max_active_clusters = cutlass.utils.HardwareInfo().get_max_active_clusters(
+            cluster_shape_mn[0] * cluster_shape_mn[1]
+        )
+        if dynamic_persistent:
+            tile_count_semaphore = torch.zeros(1, dtype=torch.int32, device="cuda")
+        else:
+            tile_count_semaphore = None
+        # max_active_clusters = 1
+    else:
+        max_active_clusters = 0
+        tile_count_semaphore = None
+
+    current_stream = cuda.CUstream(torch.cuda.current_stream().cuda_stream)
+    # compile gemm kernel
+    compiled_gemm = cute.compile(
+        gemm,
+        mA,
+        mB,
+        mD,
+        mC,
+        mAIdx,
+        mCuSeqlensM,
+        tensormaps_tensor,
+        make_ptr(Int32, tile_count_semaphore.data_ptr(), cute.AddressSpace.gmem, assumed_align=4)
+        if tile_count_semaphore is not None
+        else None,
+        max_active_clusters,
+        current_stream,
+    )
+
+    if not skip_ref_check:
+        # execution
+        compiled_gemm(
+            mA,
+            mB,
+            mD,
+            mC,
+            mAIdx,
+            mCuSeqlensM,
+            tensormaps_tensor,
+            tile_count_semaphore,
+            max_active_clusters,
+            current_stream,
+        )
+        if tile_count_semaphore is not None and varlen_m:
+            tile_count_semaphore.zero_()
+
+        torch.cuda.synchronize()
+
+        # Ref check
+        if not varlen_m:
+            ref = torch.einsum("mkl,nkl->mnl", a, b)
+        else:
+            ref = torch.cat(
+                [
+                    torch.einsum("mk,nk->mn", a[cu_seqlens_m[i] : cu_seqlens_m[i + 1]], b[:, :, i])
+                    for i in range(l)
+                ],
+                dim=0,
+            )
+        if c is not None:
+            ref = ref + c
+        ref = ref.cpu()
+
+        if d_dtype in (cutlass.Float8E4M3FN, cutlass.Float8E5M2):
+            # m major: (l, n, m) -> (m, n, l)
+            # n major: (l, m, n) -> (m, n, l)
+            permute_order = (1, 2, 0) if d_major == "n" else (2, 1, 0)
+            shape = (l, m, n) if d_major == "n" else (l, n, m)
+            f8_torch_tensor = cutlass_torch.create_and_permute_torch_tensor(
+                shape,
+                torch.uint8,
+                permute_order=permute_order,
+                init_type=cutlass_torch.TensorInitType.SKIP,
+            ).cuda()
+            # Create dtype cute tensor (gpu)
+            ref_d_tensor = from_dlpack(f8_torch_tensor, assumed_align=16).mark_layout_dynamic(
+                leading_dim=(1 if d_major == "n" else 0)
+            )
+            ref_d_tensor.element_type = d_dtype
+            ref_d_tensor = cutlass_torch.convert_cute_tensor(
+                ref,
+                ref_d_tensor,
+                d_dtype,
+                is_dynamic_layout=True,
+            )
+            ref_d = f8_torch_tensor.cpu()
+        else:
+            ref_d = ref.to(cutlass_torch.dtype(d_dtype))
+
+        out = d_torch.cpu().squeeze()
+        out_ref = ref_d.squeeze()
+        # breakpoint()
+        torch.testing.assert_close(d_torch.cpu(), ref_d, atol=tolerance, rtol=1e-03)
+
+    # return
+
+    from triton.testing import do_bench
+
+    flops = 2 * m * n * k * l
+    # Calculate memory bandwidth
+    bytes_A = m * k * l * (a_dtype.width // 8)  # A tensor: (m, k, l)
+    bytes_B = n * k * l * (b_dtype.width // 8)  # B tensor: (n, k, l)
+    bytes_D = m * n * l * (d_dtype.width // 8)  # D tensor: (m, n, l)
+    bytes_C = m * n * l * (c_dtype.width // 8) if c_dtype is not None else 0  # C tensor: (m, n, l)
+    total_bytes = bytes_A + bytes_B + bytes_D + bytes_C  # Read A, B, C; Write D
+
+    repeats = iterations
+    warmup = warmup_iterations
+
+    import time
+
+    if not varlen_m and not gather_A:
+        time.sleep(0.5)
+        if a_dtype.width == 8:
+            assert l == 1
+            scale_ab = torch.ones((1,), dtype=torch.float32, device="cuda")
+            fn_cublas = lambda: torch._scaled_mm(
+                a_torch[:, :, 0],
+                b_torch[:, :, 0].mT,
+                scale_a=scale_ab,
+                scale_b=scale_ab,
+                out_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
+                use_fast_accum=fp8_fast_accum,
+            )
+        else:
+            if c_torch is None:
+                fn_cublas = lambda: torch.matmul(
+                    a_torch.permute(2, 0, 1), b_torch.permute(2, 0, 1).mT
+                )
+            else:
+                c_torch_convert = c_torch.to(a_torch.dtype)  # In case C is in FP32
+                fn_cublas = lambda: torch.baddbmm(
+                    c_torch_convert.permute(2, 0, 1),
+                    a_torch.permute(2, 0, 1),
+                    b_torch.permute(2, 0, 1).mT,
+                )
+        timing_cublas = do_bench(fn_cublas, warmup=warmup, rep=repeats)
+        tflops_cublas = flops / (timing_cublas * 1e9)  # Convert to TFlops
+        print(f"CuBLAS Average time: {timing_cublas:.3f} ms, TFLOPS: {tflops_cublas:.1f}")
+
+    time.sleep(0.5)
+
+    def fn():
+        compiled_gemm(
+            mA,
+            mB,
+            mD,
+            mC,
+            mAIdx,
+            mCuSeqlensM,
+            tensormaps_tensor,
+            tile_count_semaphore,
+            max_active_clusters,
+            current_stream,
+        )
+        if tile_count_semaphore is not None and varlen_m:
+            tile_count_semaphore.zero_()
+
+    timing = do_bench(fn, warmup=warmup, rep=repeats)
+    # Idk why but for some cases the 1st run is much slower
+    time.sleep(0.5)
+    timing = do_bench(fn, warmup=warmup, rep=repeats)
+    tflops = flops / (timing * 1e9)  # Convert to TFlops
+    gbps = total_bytes / (timing * 1e6)  # Convert to GB/s (1e9 for ms->s, 1e9 for B->GB)
+    print(f"Cute-DSL Average time: {timing:.3f} ms, TFLOPS: {tflops:.1f}, GB/s: {gbps:.0f}")
+    fn()
+
+    if not varlen_m:
+        time.sleep(0.5)
+        timing_cublas = do_bench(fn_cublas, warmup=warmup, rep=repeats)
+        tflops_cublas = flops / (timing_cublas * 1e9)  # Convert to TFlops
+        print(f"CuBLAS Average time: {timing_cublas:.3f} ms, TFLOPS: {tflops_cublas:.1f}")
+
+        from flash_attn.utils.benchmark import pytorch_profiler
+
+        pytorch_profiler(fn_cublas)
+        # pytorch_profiler(torch.sort, d_torch.squeeze(), dim=-1)
+        # pytorch_profiler(torch.compile(torch.sort), d_torch.squeeze(), dim=-1)
+        # pytorch_profiler(torch.topk, d_torch.squeeze(), dim=-1, k=1)
+        # pytorch_profiler(torch.compile(torch.topk), d_torch.squeeze(), dim=-1, k=1)
+        # pytorch_profiler(torch.square, d_torch.squeeze())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = parse_arguments()
+    run(
+        args.mnkl,
+        args.a_dtype,
+        args.b_dtype,
+        args.d_dtype,
+        args.c_dtype,
+        args.acc_dtype,
+        args.a_major,
+        args.b_major,
+        args.d_major,
+        args.c_major,
+        args.tile_shape_mnk,
+        args.cluster_shape_mn,
+        args.tolerance,
+        args.warmup_iterations,
+        args.iterations,
+        args.skip_ref_check,
+        args.persistent,
+        args.dynamic_persistent,
+        args.pingpong,
+        args.varlen_m,
+        args.gather_A,
+        args.fp8_fast_accum,
+    )
+    print("PASS")