quack-kernels 0.1.9__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.10__py3-none-any.whl

quack/dense_gemm_sm90.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1430 @@
+# Copyright (c) 2025 NVIDIA CORPORATION & AFFILIATES. All rights reserved.
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+
+# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+# list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+# this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+# and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+# 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+# contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+# this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+# FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+# DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+# SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+# CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+# OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+# OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+import argparse
+from typing import Tuple, Type
+import math
+import cuda.bindings.driver as cuda
+
+import torch
+
+import cutlass
+import cutlass.cute as cute
+import cutlass.cute.testing as testing
+import cutlass.utils as utils
+import cutlass.pipeline as pipeline
+import cutlass.torch as cutlass_torch
+from cutlass.cute.runtime import from_dlpack
+from cutlass.cute.nvgpu import cpasync, warp, warpgroup
+import cutlass.utils.hopper_helpers as sm90_utils
+
+"""
+A high-performance batched dense GEMM (C = A * B) example for the NVIDIA Hopper architecture
+using CUTE DSL.
+- Matrix A is MxKxL, L is batch dimension, A can be row-major("K") or column-major("M")
+- Matrix B is NxKxL, L is batch dimension, B can be row-major("N") or column-major("K")
+- Matrix C is MxNxL, L is batch dimension, C can be row-major("N") or column-major("M")
+
+This GEMM kernel supports the following features:
+    - Utilizes Tensor Memory Access (TMA) for efficient memory operations
+    - Utilizes Hopper's WGMMA for matrix multiply-accumulate (MMA) operations
+    - Implements TMA multicast with cluster to reduce L2 memory traffic
+    - Supports multi-stage pipeline to overlap computation and memory access
+
+This GEMM works as follows:
+1. Load A and B matrices from global memory (GMEM) to shared memory (SMEM) using TMA operations.
+2. Perform matrix multiply-accumulate (MMA) operations using WGMMA instruction.
+3. Store results from registers (RMEM) to shared memory (SMEM), then to global memory (GMEM) with TMA operations.
+
+Hopper WGMMA instructions operate as follows:
+- Read matrix A from SMEM
+- Read matrix B from SMEM
+- Perform MMA operation and store the result in Accumulator(register)
+
+To run this example:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    python examples/hopper/dense_gemm.py                                   \
+      --mnkl 8192,8192,8192,1 --tile_shape_mnk 128,256,64                  \
+      --cluster_shape_mn 1,1 --a_dtype Float16 --b_dtype Float16           \
+      --d_dtype Float16 --acc_dtype Float32                                \
+      --a_major k --b_major k --d_major n
+
+The above example command compute batched gemm with M=8192, N=8192, K=8192,
+batch_count=1. The Hopper WGMMA tile shape is 128x256x64 and the cluster shape
+is (1,1). The input, mma accumulator and output data type are set as fp16, fp32
+and fp16, respectively.
+
+To collect performance with NCU profiler:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+    ncu python examples/hopper/dense_gemm.py                               \
+      --mnkl 8192,8192,8192,1 --tile_shape_mnk 128,256,64                  \
+      --cluster_shape_mn 1,1 --a_dtype Float16 --b_dtype Float16           \
+      --d_dtype Float16 --acc_dtype Float32                                \
+      --a_major k --b_major k --d_major n
+
+Constraints:
+* Supported input data types: fp16, fp8 (e4m3fn, e5m2)
+* For fp16 types, A and B must have the same data type
+* For fp8 types, A and B can have different types (e4m3fn or e5m2) but both must be 8-bit
+* Fp8 types only support k-major layout
+* Only fp32 accumulation is supported in this example
+* CTA tile shape M must be 64/128
+* CTA tile shape N must be 64/128/256
+* CTA tile shape K must be 64
+* Cluster shape M/N must be positive and power of 2, total cluster size <= 4
+* The contiguous dimension of A/B/C tensors must be at least 16 bytes aligned,
+  i.e, number of elements is a multiple of 8, 16 for Float16, and Float8, respectively.
+* OOB tiles are not allowed when TMA store is disabled
+"""
+
+
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#  Helpers to parse args
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+def parse_comma_separated_ints(s: str):
+    try:
+        return tuple([int(x.strip()) for x in s.split(",")])
+    except ValueError:
+        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError("Invalid format. Expected comma-separated integers.")
+
+
+def parse_arguments() -> argparse.Namespace:
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Example of MxNxKxL GEMM on Hopper.")
+
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--mnkl",
+        type=parse_comma_separated_ints,
+        default=(4096, 4096, 4096, 1),
+        help="mnkl dimensions (comma-separated)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--tile_shape_mnk",
+        type=parse_comma_separated_ints,
+        default=(128, 256, 64),
+        help="Cta tile shape (comma-separated)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--cluster_shape_mn",
+        type=parse_comma_separated_ints,
+        choices=[(1, 1), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2)],
+        default=(1, 1),
+        help="Cluster shape (comma-separated)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--a_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.BFloat16,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--b_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.BFloat16,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--d_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.BFloat16,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--acc_dtype",
+        type=cutlass.dtype,
+        default=cutlass.Float32,
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--a_major", choices=["k", "m"], type=str, default="k")
+    parser.add_argument("--b_major", choices=["k", "n"], type=str, default="k")
+    parser.add_argument("--d_major", choices=["n", "m"], type=str, default="n")
+    parser.add_argument("--tolerance", type=float, default=1e-01, help="Tolerance for validation")
+    parser.add_argument("--warmup_iterations", type=int, default=0, help="Warmup iterations")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--iterations",
+        type=int,
+        default=1,
+        help="Number of iterations to run the kernel",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument("--skip_ref_check", action="store_true", help="Skip reference checking")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "--use_cold_l2",
+        action="store_true",
+        default=False,
+        help="Use circular buffer tensor sets to ensure L2 cold cache",
+    )
+
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    if len(args.mnkl) != 4:
+        parser.error("--mnkl must contain exactly 4 values")
+    if len(args.tile_shape_mnk) != 3:
+        parser.error("--tile_shape_mnk must contain exactly 3 values")
+    if len(args.cluster_shape_mn) != 2:
+        parser.error("--cluster_shape_mn must contain exactly 2 values")
+
+    return args
+
+
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#  Host setup and device kernel launch
+# /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+class HopperWgmmaGemmKernel:
+    """
+    This class implements batched matrix multiplication (C = A x B) with support for various data types
+    and architectural features specific to Hopper GPUs.
+
+    :param acc_dtype: Data type for accumulation during computation
+    :type acc_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param tile_shape_mnk: Shape of the CTA tile (M,N,K)
+    :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+    :param cluster_shape_mnk: Cluster dimensions (M,N,K) for parallel processing
+    :type cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+
+    :note: Data type requirements:
+        - For 16-bit types: A and B must have the same data type
+        - For 8-bit types: A and B can have different types (Float8E4M3FN/Float8E5M2) as long as both are 8-bit
+        - Float8 types only support k-major layout
+
+    :note: Supported data types:
+        - Float16
+        - BFloat16
+        - Float8E4M3FN/Float8E5M2
+
+    :note: Supported accumulation types:
+        - Float32 (for all floating point inputs)
+
+    :note: Constraints:
+        - CTA tile M must be 64/128
+        - CTA tile N must be 64/128/256
+        - CTA tile K must be 64
+        - Cluster shape M/N must be positive and power of 2, total cluster size <= 4
+
+    Example:
+        >>> gemm = HopperWgmmaGemmKernel(
+        ...     acc_dtype=cutlass.Float32,
+        ...     tile_shape_mnk=(128, 256, 64),
+        ...     cluster_shape_mnk=(1, 1, 1)
+        ... )
+        >>> gemm(a_tensor, b_tensor, c_tensor, stream)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ):
+        """
+        Initializes the configuration for a Hopper dense GEMM kernel.
+
+        This configuration includes data types for operands, tile shape, cluster configuration,
+        and thread layout.
+
+        :param acc_dtype: Data type for accumulation during computation
+        :type acc_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: Shape of the CTA tile (M,N,K)
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param cluster_shape_mnk: Cluster dimensions (M,N,K) for parallel processing
+        :type cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        """
+
+        self.acc_dtype = acc_dtype
+
+        self.cluster_shape_mnk = cluster_shape_mnk
+        self.tile_shape_mnk = tuple(tile_shape_mnk)
+        tile_M, tile_N = tile_shape_mnk[0], tile_shape_mnk[1]
+        # check the cta tile shape
+        # if tile_M not in [64, 128, 192, 256]:
+        # TODO: M=192 currently doesn't work
+        if tile_M not in [64, 128, 256]:
+            raise ValueError("CTA tile shape M must be 64/128/192/256")
+        if tile_M == 192:  # special case
+            if not (tile_N % 32 == 0 and tile_N <= 288):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "If tile_m == 192, CTA tile shape N must be divisible by 32 and <= 288"
+                )
+        else:
+            if not ((tile_N % 16 == 0 and tile_N <= 256) or (tile_N % 32 == 0 and tile_N <= 512)):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "CTA tile shape N must be divisible by 16 and <= 256, or divisible by 32 and <= 512"
+                )
+        if not self.tile_shape_mnk[2] % 16 == 0:
+            raise ValueError("CTA tile shape K must be divisible by 16")
+
+        if tile_M == 192:  # Special case
+            atom_layout_m, atom_layout_n = 1, 2
+        else:
+            atom_layout_m = tile_shape_mnk[0] // 64 if tile_shape_mnk[0] < 256 else 2
+            atom_layout_n = 1
+        assert atom_layout_m in [1, 2] and atom_layout_n in [1, 2]
+        self.atom_layout_mnk = (atom_layout_m, atom_layout_n, 1)
+
+        self.num_mcast_ctas_a = self.cluster_shape_mnk[1]
+        self.num_mcast_ctas_b = self.cluster_shape_mnk[0]
+        self.is_a_mcast = self.num_mcast_ctas_a > 1
+        self.is_b_mcast = self.num_mcast_ctas_b > 1
+
+        self.occupancy = 1
+        self.mma_warp_groups = math.prod(self.atom_layout_mnk)
+        self.num_threads_per_warp_group = 128
+        self.threads_per_cta = (self.mma_warp_groups + 1) * self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+        self.smem_capacity = utils.get_smem_capacity_in_bytes("sm_90")
+        self.num_mma_threads = self.mma_warp_groups * self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+
+        regs_per_thread = math.prod(self.tile_shape_mnk) // self.num_mma_threads
+        heavy_register_pressure = regs_per_thread >= 208
+        self.num_regs_load = 40 if not heavy_register_pressure else 24
+        self.num_regs_mma = 232 if not heavy_register_pressure else 240
+
+        self.ab_stage = None
+        self.epi_stage = None
+
+        self.a_smem_layout_staged = None
+        self.b_smem_layout_staged = None
+        self.epi_smem_layout_staged = None
+        self.epi_tile = None
+
+        self.shared_storage = None
+        self.buffer_align_bytes = 1024
+
+    def _setup_attributes(self):
+        """Set up configurations that are dependent on GEMM inputs
+
+        This method configures various attributes based on the input tensor properties
+        (data types, leading dimensions) and kernel settings:
+        - Configuring tiled MMA
+        - Computing MMA/cluster/tile shapes
+        - Computing cluster layout
+        - Computing multicast CTAs for A/B
+        - Computing epilogue subtile
+        - Setting up A/B/C stage counts in shared memory
+        - Computing A/B/C shared memory layout
+        """
+
+        self.cta_layout_mnk = cute.make_layout(self.cluster_shape_mnk)
+
+        is_cooperative = math.prod(self.atom_layout_mnk) > 1
+        self.epi_tile = self._sm90_compute_tile_shape_or_override(
+            self.tile_shape_mnk, self.d_dtype, is_cooperative=is_cooperative
+        )
+
+        # Compute stage before compute smem layout
+        self.ab_stage, self.epi_stage = self._compute_stages(
+            self.tile_shape_mnk,
+            self.a_dtype,
+            self.b_dtype,
+            self.smem_capacity,
+            self.occupancy,
+        )
+
+        (
+            self.a_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.b_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.epi_smem_layout_staged,
+        ) = self._make_smem_layouts(
+            self.tile_shape_mnk,
+            self.epi_tile,
+            self.a_dtype,
+            self.a_layout,
+            self.b_dtype,
+            self.b_layout,
+            self.ab_stage,
+            self.d_dtype,
+            self.d_layout,
+            self.epi_stage,
+        )
+
+    @cute.jit
+    def __call__(
+        self,
+        mA: cute.Tensor,
+        mB: cute.Tensor,
+        mD: cute.Tensor,
+        stream: cuda.CUstream,
+    ):
+        """Execute the GEMM operation in steps:
+        - Setup static attributes
+        - Setup TMA load/store atoms and tensors
+        - Compute grid size
+        - Define shared storage for kernel
+        - Launch the kernel synchronously
+
+        :param mA: Input tensor A
+        :type mA: cute.Tensor
+        :param mB: Input tensor B
+        :type mB: cute.Tensor
+        :param mD: Output tensor D
+        :type mD: cute.Tensor
+        :param stream: CUDA stream for asynchronous execution
+        :type stream: cuda.CUstream
+        """
+
+        # setup static attributes before smem/grid/tma computation
+        self.a_dtype = mA.element_type
+        self.b_dtype = mB.element_type
+        self.d_dtype = mD.element_type
+        self.a_layout = utils.LayoutEnum.from_tensor(mA)
+        self.b_layout = utils.LayoutEnum.from_tensor(mB)
+        self.d_layout = utils.LayoutEnum.from_tensor(mD)
+
+        if cutlass.const_expr(self.a_dtype.width == 16 and self.a_dtype != self.b_dtype):
+            raise TypeError(f"Type mismatch: {self.a_dtype} != {self.b_dtype}")
+        if cutlass.const_expr(self.a_dtype.width != self.b_dtype.width):
+            raise TypeError(f"Type width mismatch: {self.a_dtype.width} != {self.b_dtype.width}")
+        if cutlass.const_expr(self.a_dtype.width != 16 and self.a_dtype.width != 8):
+            raise TypeError("a_dtype should be float16 or float8")
+
+        self._setup_attributes()
+
+        tiled_mma = sm90_utils.make_trivial_tiled_mma(
+            self.a_dtype,
+            self.b_dtype,
+            self.a_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode(),
+            self.b_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode(),
+            self.acc_dtype,
+            self.atom_layout_mnk,
+            tiler_mn=(64, self.tile_shape_mnk[1] // self.atom_layout_mnk[1]),
+        )
+
+        tma_atom_a, tma_tensor_a = self._make_tma_atoms_and_tensors(
+            mA,
+            self.a_smem_layout_staged,
+            (self.tile_shape_mnk[0], self.tile_shape_mnk[2]),
+            self.cluster_shape_mnk[1],
+        )
+
+        tma_atom_b, tma_tensor_b = self._make_tma_atoms_and_tensors(
+            mB,
+            self.b_smem_layout_staged,
+            (self.tile_shape_mnk[1], self.tile_shape_mnk[2]),
+            self.cluster_shape_mnk[0],
+        )
+
+        tma_atom_d, tma_tensor_d = self._make_tma_store_atoms_and_tensors(
+            mD,
+            self.epi_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.epi_tile,
+        )
+
+        grid = self._compute_grid(mD, self.tile_shape_mnk, self.cluster_shape_mnk)
+
+        @cute.struct
+        class SharedStorage:
+            mainloop_pipeline_array_ptr: cute.struct.MemRange[cutlass.Int64, self.ab_stage * 2]
+            sA: cute.struct.Align[
+                cute.struct.MemRange[self.a_dtype, cute.cosize(self.a_smem_layout_staged)],
+                self.buffer_align_bytes,
+            ]
+            sB: cute.struct.Align[
+                cute.struct.MemRange[self.b_dtype, cute.cosize(self.b_smem_layout_staged)],
+                self.buffer_align_bytes,
+            ]
+
+        self.shared_storage = SharedStorage
+
+        # Launch the kernel synchronously
+        self.kernel(
+            tma_atom_a,
+            tma_tensor_a,
+            tma_atom_b,
+            tma_tensor_b,
+            tma_atom_d,
+            tma_tensor_d,
+            tiled_mma,
+            self.cta_layout_mnk,
+            self.a_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.b_smem_layout_staged,
+            self.epi_smem_layout_staged,
+        ).launch(
+            grid=grid,
+            block=[self.threads_per_cta, 1, 1],
+            cluster=self.cluster_shape_mnk,
+            smem=self.shared_storage.size_in_bytes(),
+            stream=stream,
+            min_blocks_per_mp=1,
+        )
+        return
+
+    #  GPU device kernel
+    @cute.kernel
+    def kernel(
+        self,
+        tma_atom_a: cute.CopyAtom,
+        mA_mkl: cute.Tensor,
+        tma_atom_b: cute.CopyAtom,
+        mB_nkl: cute.Tensor,
+        tma_atom_d: cute.CopyAtom,
+        mD_mnl: cute.Tensor,
+        tiled_mma: cute.TiledMma,
+        cta_layout_mnk: cute.Layout,
+        a_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        b_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+    ):
+        """
+        GPU device kernel performing the batched GEMM computation.
+
+        :param tma_atom_a: TMA copy atom for A tensor
+        :type tma_atom_a: cute.CopyAtom
+        :param mA_mkl: Input tensor A
+        :type mA_mkl: cute.Tensor
+        :param tma_atom_b: TMA copy atom for B tensor
+        :type tma_atom_b: cute.CopyAtom
+        :param mB_nkl: Input tensor B
+        :type mB_nkl: cute.Tensor
+        :param tma_atom_d: TMA copy atom for D tensor
+        :type tma_atom_d: cute.CopyAtom
+        :param mD_mnl: Output tensor D
+        :type mD_mnl: cute.Tensor
+        :param tiled_mma: Tiled MMA object
+        :type tiled_mma: cute.TiledMma
+        :param cta_layout_mnk: CTA layout
+        :type cta_layout_mnk: cute.Layout
+        :param a_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for A
+        :type a_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param b_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for B
+        :type b_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param epi_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for epilogue
+        :type epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        """
+
+        warp_idx = cute.arch.make_warp_uniform(cute.arch.warp_idx())
+
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Prefetch Tma desc
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        # if warp_idx == 0:
+        if warp_idx == self.mma_warp_groups * 4:
+            cpasync.prefetch_descriptor(tma_atom_a)
+            cpasync.prefetch_descriptor(tma_atom_b)
+            cpasync.prefetch_descriptor(tma_atom_d)
+
+        a_smem_layout = cute.slice_(a_smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        b_smem_layout = cute.slice_(b_smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        tma_copy_bytes = cute.size_in_bytes(self.a_dtype, a_smem_layout) + cute.size_in_bytes(
+            self.b_dtype, b_smem_layout
+        )
+
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Alloc and init AB full/empty + ACC full mbar (pipeline)
+        # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        smem = cutlass.utils.SmemAllocator()
+        storage = smem.allocate(self.shared_storage)
+
+        # Threads/warps participating in this pipeline
+        mainloop_pipeline_producer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(pipeline.Agent.Thread)
+        # Each warp will constribute to the arrive count with the number of mcast size
+        mcast_size = self.num_mcast_ctas_a + self.num_mcast_ctas_b - 1
+        consumer_arrive_cnt = mcast_size * (self.num_mma_threads // cute.arch.WARP_SIZE)
+        mainloop_pipeline_consumer_group = pipeline.CooperativeGroup(
+            pipeline.Agent.Thread, consumer_arrive_cnt
+        )
+
+        cta_layout_vmnk = cute.make_layout((1, *cta_layout_mnk.shape))
+        mainloop_pipeline = pipeline.PipelineTmaAsync.create(
+            barrier_storage=storage.mainloop_pipeline_array_ptr.data_ptr(),
+            num_stages=self.ab_stage,
+            producer_group=mainloop_pipeline_producer_group,
+            consumer_group=mainloop_pipeline_consumer_group,
+            tx_count=tma_copy_bytes,
+            cta_layout_vmnk=cta_layout_vmnk,
+        )
+
+        # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Generate smem tensor A/B
+        # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        sA = storage.sA.get_tensor(a_smem_layout_staged.outer, swizzle=a_smem_layout_staged.inner)
+        sB = storage.sB.get_tensor(b_smem_layout_staged.outer, swizzle=b_smem_layout_staged.inner)
+        sD_ptr = cute.recast_ptr(sA.iterator, epi_smem_layout_staged.inner, dtype=self.d_dtype)
+        sD = cute.make_tensor(sD_ptr, epi_smem_layout_staged.outer)
+
+        # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        #  Get cta/warp/thread idx
+        # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+        cidx, cidy, _ = cute.arch.cluster_idx()
+        cdimx, cdimy, _ = cute.arch.cluster_dim()
+        cluster_id = cidx + cdimx * cidy
+
+        # CTA Swizzle to promote L2 data reuse
+        group_size_m = 8
+        s_shape = (
+            (group_size_m, cdimx // group_size_m),
+            cdimy,
+        )
+        s_stride = ((1, cdimy * group_size_m), group_size_m)
+        s_layout = cute.make_layout(s_shape, stride=s_stride)
+        num_reg_cids = cute.size(s_shape)
+        cid_m, cid_n = s_layout.get_flat_coord(cluster_id % num_reg_cids)
+
+        # Deal with the tail part
+        if cluster_id >= num_reg_cids:
+            tail_size_m = cdimx % group_size_m
+            tail_layout = cute.make_layout((tail_size_m, cdimy), stride=(1, tail_size_m))
+            tail_cid = cluster_id - num_reg_cids
+            tail_cid_m, tail_cid_n = tail_layout.get_flat_coord(tail_cid)
+            cid_m = cute.size(s_shape, mode=[0]) + tail_cid_m
+            cid_n = tail_cid_n
+
+        # Get the pid from cluster id
+        bidx_in_cluster = cute.arch.block_in_cluster_idx()
+        pid_m = cid_m * self.cluster_shape_mnk[0] + bidx_in_cluster[0]
+        pid_n = cid_n * self.cluster_shape_mnk[1] + bidx_in_cluster[1]
+
+        _, _, bidz = cute.arch.block_idx()
+        tile_coord_mnkl = (pid_m, pid_n, None, bidz)
+        cta_rank_in_cluster = cute.arch.make_warp_uniform(cute.arch.block_idx_in_cluster())
+        cluster_coord_mnk = cta_layout_mnk.get_flat_coord(cta_rank_in_cluster)
+
+        k_tile_cnt = cute.ceil_div(cute.size(mA_mkl.shape[1]), self.tile_shape_mnk[2])
+
+        if warp_idx >= self.mma_warp_groups * 4:
+            cute.arch.warpgroup_reg_dealloc(self.num_regs_load)
+            if warp_idx == self.mma_warp_groups * 4:
+                # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                # Get mcast mask
+                # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                a_mcast_mask = cute.make_layout_image_mask(
+                    cta_layout_mnk, cluster_coord_mnk, mode=1
+                )
+                b_mcast_mask = cute.make_layout_image_mask(
+                    cta_layout_mnk, cluster_coord_mnk, mode=0
+                )
+                a_mcast_mask = a_mcast_mask if self.is_a_mcast else 0
+                b_mcast_mask = b_mcast_mask if self.is_b_mcast else 0
+                mainloop_producer_state = pipeline.make_pipeline_state(
+                    pipeline.PipelineUserType.Producer, self.ab_stage
+                )
+                # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                #  Local_tile partition global tensors
+                # ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                # (bM, bK, RestK)
+                gA_mkl = cute.local_tile(
+                    mA_mkl, self.tile_shape_mnk, tile_coord_mnkl, proj=(1, None, 1)
+                )
+                # (bN, bK, RestK)
+                gB_nkl = cute.local_tile(
+                    mB_nkl, self.tile_shape_mnk, tile_coord_mnkl, proj=(None, 1, 1)
+                )
+                # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                #  Partition shared tensor for TMA load A/B
+                # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                #  TMA load A partition_S/D
+                a_cta_layout = cute.make_layout(cute.slice_(cta_layout_mnk, (0, None, 0)).shape)
+                a_cta_crd = cluster_coord_mnk[1]
+                tAsA, tAgA_mkl = cpasync.tma_partition(
+                    tma_atom_a,
+                    a_cta_crd,
+                    a_cta_layout,
+                    cute.group_modes(sA, 0, 2),
+                    cute.group_modes(gA_mkl, 0, 2),
+                )
+                # TMA load B partition_S/D
+                b_cta_layout = cute.make_layout(cute.slice_(cta_layout_mnk, (None, 0, 0)).shape)
+                b_cta_crd = cluster_coord_mnk[0]
+                tBsB, tBgB_nkl = cpasync.tma_partition(
+                    tma_atom_b,
+                    b_cta_crd,
+                    b_cta_layout,
+                    cute.group_modes(sB, 0, 2),
+                    cute.group_modes(gB_nkl, 0, 2),
+                )
+                # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                # TMA load
+                # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                for k_tile in cutlass.range(k_tile_cnt, unroll=1):
+                    # Wait for A/B buffers to be empty before loading into them
+                    # Also sets the transaction barrier for the A/B buffers
+                    mainloop_pipeline.producer_acquire(mainloop_producer_state)
+                    # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                    #  TMA load A/B
+                    # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+                    cute.copy(
+                        tma_atom_a,
+                        tAgA_mkl[None, k_tile],
+                        tAsA[None, mainloop_producer_state.index],
+                        tma_bar_ptr=mainloop_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(mainloop_producer_state),
+                        mcast_mask=a_mcast_mask,
+                    )
+                    cute.copy(
+                        tma_atom_b,
+                        tBgB_nkl[None, k_tile],
+                        tBsB[None, mainloop_producer_state.index],
+                        tma_bar_ptr=mainloop_pipeline.producer_get_barrier(mainloop_producer_state),
+                        mcast_mask=b_mcast_mask,
+                    )
+                    # Mainloop pipeline's producer commit is a NOP
+                    mainloop_pipeline.producer_commit(mainloop_producer_state)
+                    mainloop_producer_state.advance()
+                mainloop_pipeline.producer_tail(mainloop_producer_state)
+
+        if warp_idx < self.mma_warp_groups * 4:
+            cute.arch.warpgroup_reg_alloc(self.num_regs_mma)
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            #  Partition global tensor for TiledMMA_A/B/C
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            tidx, _, _ = cute.arch.thread_idx()
+            warp_group_idx = cute.arch.make_warp_uniform(tidx // self.num_threads_per_warp_group)
+            warp_group_thread_layout = cute.make_layout(
+                self.mma_warp_groups, stride=self.num_threads_per_warp_group
+            )
+            thr_mma = tiled_mma.get_slice(warp_group_thread_layout(warp_group_idx))
+
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            #  Make fragments
+            # //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            tCrA = tiled_mma.make_fragment_A(thr_mma.partition_A(sA))
+            tCrB = tiled_mma.make_fragment_B(thr_mma.partition_B(sB))
+
+            acc_shape = tiled_mma.partition_shape_C(cute.select(self.tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0, 1]))
+            acc = cute.make_fragment(acc_shape, self.acc_dtype)
+
+            mainloop_consumer_read_state = pipeline.make_pipeline_state(
+                pipeline.PipelineUserType.Consumer, self.ab_stage
+            )
+            mainloop_consumer_release_state = pipeline.make_pipeline_state(
+                pipeline.PipelineUserType.Consumer, self.ab_stage
+            )
+
+            # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            #  Prologue MMAs
+            # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            k_pipe_mmas = 1
+            peek_ab_full_status = cutlass.Boolean(1)
+            if mainloop_consumer_read_state.count < k_tile_cnt:
+                peek_ab_full_status = mainloop_pipeline.consumer_try_wait(
+                    mainloop_consumer_read_state
+                )
+            tiled_mma.set(warpgroup.Field.ACCUMULATE, False)
+            num_k_blocks = cute.size(tCrA, mode=[2])
+            for k_tile in cutlass.range_constexpr(k_pipe_mmas):
+                # Wait for A/B buffer to be ready
+                mainloop_pipeline.consumer_wait(mainloop_consumer_read_state, peek_ab_full_status)
+                warpgroup.fence()
+                for k_block_idx in cutlass.range(num_k_blocks, unroll_full=True):
+                    k_block_coord = (None, None, k_block_idx, mainloop_consumer_read_state.index)
+                    cute.gemm(tiled_mma, acc, tCrA[k_block_coord], tCrB[k_block_coord], acc)
+                    tiled_mma.set(warpgroup.Field.ACCUMULATE, True)
+                warpgroup.commit_group()
+                mainloop_consumer_read_state.advance()
+                peek_ab_full_status = cutlass.Boolean(1)
+                if mainloop_consumer_read_state.count < k_tile_cnt:
+                    peek_ab_full_status = mainloop_pipeline.consumer_try_wait(
+                        mainloop_consumer_read_state
+                    )
+
+            # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            #  MAINLOOP
+            # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            for k_tile in cutlass.range(k_pipe_mmas, k_tile_cnt, unroll=1):
+                # Wait for TMA copies to complete
+                mainloop_pipeline.consumer_wait(mainloop_consumer_read_state, peek_ab_full_status)
+                # WGMMA
+                warpgroup.fence()
+                for k_block_idx in cutlass.range(num_k_blocks, unroll_full=True):
+                    k_block_coord = (None, None, k_block_idx, mainloop_consumer_read_state.index)
+                    cute.gemm(tiled_mma, acc, tCrA[k_block_coord], tCrB[k_block_coord], acc)
+                warpgroup.commit_group()
+                # Wait on the wgmma barrier for previous k_pipe_mmas wgmmas to complete
+                warpgroup.wait_group(k_pipe_mmas)
+                mainloop_pipeline.consumer_release(mainloop_consumer_release_state)
+                mainloop_consumer_read_state.advance()
+                mainloop_consumer_release_state.advance()
+                peek_ab_full_status = cutlass.Boolean(1)
+                if mainloop_consumer_read_state.count < k_tile_cnt:
+                    peek_ab_full_status = mainloop_pipeline.consumer_try_wait(
+                        mainloop_consumer_read_state
+                    )
+            warpgroup.wait_group(0)
+            for k_tile in cutlass.range(k_pipe_mmas, unroll=1):
+                mainloop_pipeline.consumer_release(mainloop_consumer_release_state)
+                mainloop_consumer_release_state.advance()
+
+            # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+            #  EPILOGUE
+            # /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+            # Wait for all warp groups in the thread block to finish, because smem for tensor A in
+            # the mainloop is reused in the epilogue.
+            cute.arch.barrier(barrier_id=1, number_of_threads=self.num_mma_threads)
+
+            copy_atom_r2s = sm90_utils.sm90_get_smem_store_op(
+                self.d_layout,
+                elem_ty_d=self.d_dtype,
+                elem_ty_acc=self.acc_dtype,
+            )
+            copy_atom_D = cute.make_copy_atom(
+                warp.StMatrix8x8x16bOp(self.d_layout.is_m_major_c(), 4),
+                self.d_dtype,
+            )
+            tiled_copy_D_Atom = cute.make_tiled_copy_C_atom(copy_atom_D, tiled_mma)
+            tiled_copy_r2s = cute.make_tiled_copy_S(copy_atom_r2s, tiled_copy_D_Atom)
+            # (R2S, R2S_M, R2S_N, PIPE_D)
+            tRS_sD = tiled_copy_r2s.get_slice(tidx).partition_D(sD)
+            # (R2S, R2S_M, R2S_N)
+            tRS_rAcc = tiled_copy_r2s.retile(acc)
+
+            # (bM, bN)
+            gD_mnl = cute.local_tile(
+                mD_mnl, self.tile_shape_mnk, tile_coord_mnkl, proj=(1, 1, None)
+            )
+            tcgc_for_tma_partition = cute.zipped_divide(gD_mnl, self.epi_tile)
+            bSG_sD, bSG_gD = cpasync.tma_partition(
+                tma_atom_d,
+                0,
+                cute.make_layout(1),
+                cute.group_modes(sD, 0, 2),
+                tcgc_for_tma_partition,
+            )
+
+            epi_tile_num = cutlass.const_expr(cute.size(tcgc_for_tma_partition, mode=[1]))
+            epi_tile_shape = tcgc_for_tma_partition.shape[1]
+
+            for epi_idx in cutlass.range_constexpr(epi_tile_num):
+                # Copy from acc to D registers
+                tRS_rD = cute.make_fragment_like(tRS_sD[None, None, None, 0], self.acc_dtype)
+                for epi_v in cutlass.range_constexpr(cute.size(tRS_rD)):
+                    tRS_rD[epi_v] = tRS_rAcc[epi_idx * cute.size(tRS_rD) + epi_v]
+                # Type conversion
+                tRS_rD_out = cute.make_fragment_like(tRS_rD, self.d_dtype)
+                tRS_rD_out.store(tRS_rD.load().to(self.d_dtype))
+                # Copy from D registers to shared memory
+                epi_buffer = epi_idx % cute.size(tRS_sD, mode=[3])
+                # cute.arch.barrier(barrier_id=1, number_of_threads=self.num_mma_threads)
+                cute.copy(tiled_copy_r2s, tRS_rD_out, tRS_sD[(None, None, None, epi_buffer)])
+                cute.arch.fence_proxy(
+                    cute.arch.ProxyKind.async_shared, space=cute.arch.SharedSpace.shared_cta
+                )
+                # barrier for sync
+                cute.arch.barrier(barrier_id=1, number_of_threads=self.num_mma_threads)
+                # Get the global memory coordinate for the current epi tile.
+                epi_tile_layout = cute.make_layout(epi_tile_shape, stride=(epi_tile_shape[1], 1))
+                gmem_coord = epi_tile_layout.get_hier_coord(epi_idx)
+                # Copy from shared memory to global memory
+                if warp_idx == 0:
+                    cute.copy(tma_atom_d, bSG_sD[(None, epi_buffer)], bSG_gD[(None, gmem_coord)])
+                    cute.arch.cp_async_bulk_commit_group()
+                    # TODO: when moving to persistent maybe we always need this wait_group
+                    if epi_idx >= self.epi_stage - 1:
+                        cute.arch.cp_async_bulk_wait_group(self.epi_stage - 1, read=True)
+                if epi_idx >= self.epi_stage - 1:
+                    cute.arch.barrier(barrier_id=1, number_of_threads=self.num_mma_threads)
+
+            if warp_idx == 0:
+                cute.arch.cp_async_bulk_wait_group(0, read=True)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _compute_stages(
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        smem_capacity: int,
+        occupancy: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Computes the number of stages for A/B/C operands based on heuristics.
+
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: The shape (M, N, K) of the CTA tile.
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param a_dtype: Data type of operand A.
+        :type a_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param b_dtype: Data type of operand B.
+        :type b_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param smem_capacity: Total available shared memory capacity in bytes.
+        :type smem_capacity: int
+        :param occupancy: Target number of CTAs per SM (occupancy).
+        :type occupancy: int
+
+        :return: A tuple containing the computed number of stages for:
+                 (A/B operand stages, epilogue stages)
+        :rtype: Tuple[int, int]
+        """
+
+        # epi_stage = 4 if tile_shape_mnk[1] % 32 == 0 else 8
+        epi_stage = 4
+        # epi_smem will reuse smem ab.
+        epi_bytes = 0
+
+        a_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (None, 0, None))
+        b_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (0, None, None))
+        ab_bytes_per_stage = (
+            cute.size(a_shape) * a_dtype.width // 8 + cute.size(b_shape) * b_dtype.width // 8
+        )
+        mbar_helpers_bytes = 1024
+
+        ab_stage = (
+            (smem_capacity - occupancy * 1024) // occupancy - mbar_helpers_bytes - epi_bytes
+        ) // ab_bytes_per_stage
+        return ab_stage, epi_stage
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _sm90_compute_tile_shape_or_override(
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        element_type: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        is_cooperative: bool = False,
+        epi_tile_override: Tuple[int, int] | None = None,
+    ) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+        """Compute the epilogue tile shape or use override if provided.
+
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: CTA tile shape (M,N,K)
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param element_type: Data type of elements
+        :type element_type: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param is_cooperative: Whether to use cooperative approach
+        :type is_cooperative: bool
+        :param epi_tile_override: Optional override for epilogue tile shape
+        :type epi_tile_override: Tuple[int, int] or None
+
+        :return: Computed epilogue tile shape
+        :rtype: Tuple[int, int]
+        """
+        if epi_tile_override is not None:
+            return epi_tile_override
+        if is_cooperative:
+            if cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0]) == 192:
+                tile_m = 192
+                tile_n = math.gcd(32, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[1]) // 2)
+            else:
+                tile_m = math.gcd(128, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0]))
+                tile_n = math.gcd(32, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[1]))
+            return (tile_m, tile_n)
+        else:
+            n_perf = 64 if element_type.width == 8 else 32
+            tile_m = math.gcd(64, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[0]))
+            tile_n = math.gcd(n_perf, cute.size(tile_shape_mnk, mode=[1]))
+            return (tile_m, tile_n)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_smem_layouts(
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        epi_tile: Tuple[int, int],
+        a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        a_layout: utils.LayoutEnum,
+        b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        b_layout: utils.LayoutEnum,
+        ab_stage: int,
+        d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        d_layout: utils.LayoutEnum,
+        epi_stage: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout]:
+        """Create shared memory layouts for A, B, and C tensors.
+
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: CTA tile shape (M,N,K)
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param epi_tile: Epilogue tile shape
+        :type epi_tile: Tuple[int, int]
+        :param a_dtype: Data type for matrix A
+        :type a_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param a_layout: Layout enum for matrix A
+        :type a_layout: utils.LayoutEnum
+        :param b_dtype: Data type for matrix B
+        :type b_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param b_layout: Layout enum for matrix B
+        :type b_layout: utils.LayoutEnum
+        :param ab_stage: Number of stages for A/B tensors
+        :type ab_stage: int
+        :param d_dtype: Data type for output matrix C
+        :type d_dtype: type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param d_layout: Layout enum for the output matrix C
+        :type d_layout: utils.LayoutEnum
+        :param epi_stage: Number of epilogue stages
+        :type epi_stage: int
+
+        :return: Tuple of shared memory layouts for A, B, and C
+        :rtype: Tuple[cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout, cute.ComposedLayout]
+        """
+        a_smem_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (None, 0, None))
+
+        a_is_k_major = a_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode() == warpgroup.OperandMajorMode.K
+        b_is_k_major = b_layout.sm90_mma_major_mode() == warpgroup.OperandMajorMode.K
+        a_major_mode_size = tile_shape_mnk[2 if a_is_k_major else 0]
+        a_smem_layout_atom = warpgroup.make_smem_layout_atom(
+            sm90_utils.get_smem_layout_atom(
+                a_layout,
+                a_dtype,
+                a_major_mode_size,
+            ),
+            a_dtype,
+        )
+        a_smem_layout_staged = cute.tile_to_shape(
+            a_smem_layout_atom,
+            cute.append(a_smem_shape, ab_stage),
+            order=(0, 1, 2) if a_is_k_major else (1, 0, 2),
+        )
+
+        b_smem_shape = cute.slice_(tile_shape_mnk, (0, None, None))
+
+        b_major_mode_size = tile_shape_mnk[2 if b_is_k_major else 1]
+        b_smem_layout_atom = warpgroup.make_smem_layout_atom(
+            sm90_utils.get_smem_layout_atom(
+                b_layout,
+                b_dtype,
+                b_major_mode_size,
+            ),
+            b_dtype,
+        )
+        b_smem_layout_staged = cute.tile_to_shape(
+            b_smem_layout_atom,
+            cute.append(b_smem_shape, ab_stage),
+            order=(0, 1, 2) if b_is_k_major else (1, 0, 2),
+        )
+
+        d_smem_shape = epi_tile
+        d_major_mode_size = epi_tile[1] if d_layout.is_n_major_c() else epi_tile[0]
+        d_smem_layout_atom = warpgroup.make_smem_layout_atom(
+            sm90_utils.get_smem_layout_atom(
+                d_layout,
+                d_dtype,
+                d_major_mode_size,
+            ),
+            d_dtype,
+        )
+        epi_smem_layout_staged = cute.tile_to_shape(
+            d_smem_layout_atom,
+            cute.append(d_smem_shape, epi_stage),
+            order=(1, 0, 2) if d_layout.is_m_major_c() else (0, 1, 2),
+        )
+
+        return a_smem_layout_staged, b_smem_layout_staged, epi_smem_layout_staged
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _compute_grid(
+        d: cute.Tensor,
+        tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+        cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    ) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+        """Compute grid shape for the output tensor C.
+
+        :param d: The output tensor C
+        :type d: cute.Tensor
+        :param tile_shape_mnk: The shape (M, N, K) of the CTA tile.
+        :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        :param cluster_shape_mnk: Shape of each cluster in M, N, K dimensions.
+        :type cluster_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+
+        :return: Grid shape for kernel launch.
+        :rtype: Tuple[int, int, int]
+        """
+
+        c_shape = (tile_shape_mnk[0], tile_shape_mnk[1])
+        gc = cute.zipped_divide(d, tiler=c_shape)
+        clusters = cute.ceil_div(cute.get(gc.layout, mode=[1]).shape, cluster_shape_mnk)
+        grid = tuple(x * y for x, y in zip(clusters, cluster_shape_mnk))
+        return grid
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_tma_store_atoms_and_tensors(
+        tensor_d: cute.Tensor,
+        epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        epi_tile: Tuple[int, int],
+    ) -> Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]:
+        """Create TMA atoms and tensors for C tensor storage.
+
+        :param tensor_d: Output tensor D
+        :type tensor_d: cute.Tensor
+        :param epi_smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for epilogue
+        :type epi_smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param epi_tile: Epilogue tile shape
+        :type epi_tile: Tuple[int, int]
+
+        :return: TMA atom and tensor for C
+        :rtype: Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]
+        """
+        epi_smem_layout = cute.slice_(epi_smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        c_cta_v_layout = cute.composition(cute.make_identity_layout(tensor_d.shape), epi_tile)
+        tma_atom_d, tma_tensor_d = cpasync.make_tiled_tma_atom(
+            cpasync.CopyBulkTensorTileS2GOp(),
+            tensor_d,
+            epi_smem_layout,
+            c_cta_v_layout,
+        )
+
+        return tma_atom_d, tma_tensor_d
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_tma_atoms_and_tensors(
+        tensor: cute.Tensor,
+        smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout,
+        smem_tile: Tuple[int, int],
+        mcast_dim: int,
+    ) -> Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]:
+        """Create TMA atoms and tensors for input tensors.
+
+        :param tensor: Input tensor (A or B)
+        :type tensor: cute.Tensor
+        :param smem_layout_staged: Shared memory layout for the tensor
+        :type smem_layout_staged: cute.ComposedLayout
+        :param smem_tile: Shared memory tile shape
+        :type smem_tile: Tuple[int, int]
+        :param mcast_dim: Multicast dimension
+        :type mcast_dim: int
+
+        :return: TMA atom and tensor
+        :rtype: Tuple[cute.CopyAtom, cute.Tensor]
+        """
+        op = (
+            cpasync.CopyBulkTensorTileG2SOp()
+            if mcast_dim == 1
+            else cpasync.CopyBulkTensorTileG2SMulticastOp()
+        )
+
+        smem_layout = cute.slice_(smem_layout_staged, (None, None, 0))
+        tma_atom, tma_tensor = cpasync.make_tiled_tma_atom(
+            op,
+            tensor,
+            smem_layout,
+            smem_tile,
+            num_multicast=mcast_dim,
+        )
+        return tma_atom, tma_tensor
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_valid_dtypes(
+        a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+        a_major: str,
+        b_major: str,
+    ) -> bool:
+        """
+        Check if the dtypes are valid
+
+        :param a_dtype: The data type of tensor A
+        :type a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param b_dtype: The data type of tensor B
+        :type b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param acc_dtype: The data type of the accumulator
+        :type acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param d_dtype: The data type of the output tensor
+        :type d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+        :param a_major: major mode of tensor A
+        :type a_major: str
+        :param b_major: major mode of tensor B
+        :type b_major: str
+
+        :return: True if the dtypes are valid, False otherwise
+        :rtype: bool
+        """
+        is_valid = True
+        # tested a_dtype
+        if a_dtype not in {
+            cutlass.Float16,
+            cutlass.BFloat16,
+            cutlass.Float8E4M3FN,
+            cutlass.Float8E5M2,
+        }:
+            is_valid = False
+        # tested b_dtype
+        if b_dtype not in {
+            cutlass.Float16,
+            cutlass.BFloat16,
+            cutlass.Float8E4M3FN,
+            cutlass.Float8E5M2,
+        }:
+            is_valid = False
+        # tested acc_dtype
+        if acc_dtype not in {cutlass.Float32, cutlass.Float16}:
+            is_valid = False
+        # tested d_dtype
+        if d_dtype not in {
+            cutlass.Float32,
+            cutlass.Float16,
+            cutlass.BFloat16,
+            cutlass.Float8E4M3FN,
+            cutlass.Float8E5M2,
+        }:
+            is_valid = False
+        # make sure a_dtype == b_dtype for Float16
+        if a_dtype.width == 16 and a_dtype != b_dtype:
+            is_valid = False
+        # make sure a_dtype.width == b_dtype.width (i.e, Float8E4M3FN or Float8E5M2)
+        if a_dtype.width != b_dtype.width:
+            is_valid = False
+
+        # for Float8 types, this implementation only supports k-major layout
+        if (a_dtype.width == 8 and a_major != "k") or (b_dtype.width == 8 and b_major != "k"):
+            is_valid = False
+
+        return is_valid
+
+
+def run(
+    mnkl: Tuple[int, int, int, int],
+    a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric],
+    a_major: str,
+    b_major: str,
+    d_major: str,
+    tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int],
+    cluster_shape_mn: Tuple[int, int],
+    tolerance: float,
+    warmup_iterations: int,
+    iterations: int,
+    skip_ref_check: bool,
+    use_cold_l2: bool = False,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """
+    Prepare A/B/C tensors, launch GPU kernel, and reference checking.
+
+    :param mnkl: Problem size (M, N, K, L)
+    :type mnkl: Tuple[int, int, int, int]
+    :param a_dtype: Data type for input tensor A
+    :type a_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param b_dtype: Data type for input tensor B
+    :type b_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param d_dtype: Data type for output tensor C
+    :type d_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param acc_dtype: Data type for accumulation during matrix multiplication
+    :type acc_dtype: Type[cutlass.Numeric]
+    :param a_major/b_major/d_major: Memory layout of tensor A/B/C
+    :type a_major/b_major/d_major: str
+    :param tile_shape_mnk: CTA tile shape (M, N, K)
+    :type tile_shape_mnk: Tuple[int, int, int]
+    :param cluster_shape_mn: Cluster shape (M, N)
+    :type cluster_shape_mn: Tuple[int, int]
+    :param tolerance: Tolerance value for reference validation comparison
+    :type tolerance: float
+    :param warmup_iterations: Number of warmup iterations before benchmarking, defaults to 0
+    :type warmup_iterations: int, optional
+    :param iterations: Number of benchmark iterations to run, defaults to 1
+    :type iterations: int, optional
+    :param skip_ref_check: Whether to skip reference result validation, defaults to False
+    :type skip_ref_check: bool, optional
+    :param use_cold_l2: Whether to use circular buffer strategy to ensure cold L2 cache, defaults to False
+    :type use_cold_l2: bool, optional
+    :return: Execution time of the GEMM kernel in microseconds
+    :rtype: float
+    """
+
+    print("Running Hopper Dense GEMM with:")
+    print(f"mnkl: {mnkl}")
+    print(f"A dtype: {a_dtype}, B dtype: {b_dtype}, C dtype: {d_dtype}, Acc dtype: {acc_dtype}")
+    print(f"Matrix majors - A: {a_major}, B: {b_major}, C: {d_major}")
+    print(f"Tile Shape: {tile_shape_mnk}, Cluster Shape: {cluster_shape_mn}")
+    print(f"Tolerance: {tolerance}")
+    print(f"Warmup iterations: {warmup_iterations}")
+    print(f"Iterations: {iterations}")
+    print(f"Skip reference checking: {skip_ref_check}")
+    print(f"Use cold L2: {use_cold_l2}")
+
+    # Unpack parameters
+    m, n, k, l = mnkl
+    cluster_shape_mnk = (*cluster_shape_mn, 1)
+
+    # Skip unsupported types
+    if not HopperWgmmaGemmKernel.is_valid_dtypes(
+        a_dtype, b_dtype, acc_dtype, d_dtype, a_major, b_major
+    ):
+        raise TypeError(
+            f"Skipping due to unsupported combination of types and majors: {a_dtype}, {b_dtype}, {acc_dtype}, {d_dtype}, {a_major=}, {b_major=}"
+        )
+
+    # Prepare pytorch tensors: A, B (random from 0 to 2) and C (all zero)
+    if not torch.cuda.is_available():
+        raise RuntimeError("GPU is required to run this example!")
+
+    torch.manual_seed(1111)
+
+    # Create and permute tensor A/B/C
+    def create_and_permute_tensor(l, mode0, mode1, is_mode0_major, dtype, is_dynamic_layout=True):
+        # is_mode0_major: (l, mode1, mode0) -> (mode0, mode1, l)
+        # else : (l, mode0, mode1) -> (mode0, mode1, l)
+        shape = (l, mode1, mode0) if is_mode0_major else (l, mode0, mode1)
+        permute_order = (2, 1, 0) if is_mode0_major else (1, 2, 0)
+        is_unsigned = dtype in {cutlass.Uint8}
+        # Temporarily use uint8 as torch does not support fp8 type
+        torch_dtype = (
+            cutlass_torch.dtype(dtype)
+            if dtype not in {cutlass.Float8E5M2, cutlass.Float8E4M3FN}
+            else torch.uint8
+        )
+
+        # Create dtype torch tensor (cpu)
+        torch_tensor_cpu = cutlass.torch.create_and_permute_torch_tensor(
+            shape,
+            torch_dtype,
+            permute_order=permute_order,
+            # init_type=cutlass.torch.TensorInitType.RANDOM,
+            # init_config=cutlass.torch.RandomInitConfig(
+            #     min_val=0 if is_unsigned else -2, max_val=4 if is_unsigned else 2
+            # ),
+            init_type=cutlass.torch.TensorInitType.GAUSSIAN,
+            init_config=cutlass.torch.GaussianInitConfig(std=k ** (-0.5), scale=1),
+        )
+        # Create dtype torch tensor (gpu)
+        torch_tensor = torch_tensor_cpu.cuda()
+
+        # Create f32 torch tensor (cpu)
+        f32_torch_tensor = torch_tensor_cpu.to(dtype=torch.float32)
+
+        # Create dtype cute tensor (gpu)
+        cute_tensor = from_dlpack(torch_tensor, assumed_align=16)
+        cute_tensor.element_type = dtype
+        if is_dynamic_layout:
+            cute_tensor = cute_tensor.mark_layout_dynamic(leading_dim=(0 if is_mode0_major else 1))
+        cute_tensor = cutlass.torch.convert_cute_tensor(
+            f32_torch_tensor,
+            cute_tensor,
+            dtype,
+            is_dynamic_layout=is_dynamic_layout,
+        )
+
+        return f32_torch_tensor, cute_tensor, torch_tensor
+
+    a, mA, a_torch = create_and_permute_tensor(l, m, k, a_major == "m", a_dtype)
+    b, mB, b_torch = create_and_permute_tensor(l, n, k, b_major == "n", b_dtype)
+    c, mC, c_torch = create_and_permute_tensor(l, m, n, d_major == "m", d_dtype)
+
+    gemm = HopperWgmmaGemmKernel(acc_dtype, tile_shape_mnk, cluster_shape_mnk)
+
+    torch_stream = torch.cuda.Stream()
+    stream = cuda.CUstream(torch_stream.cuda_stream)
+    # compile gemm kernel
+    compiled_gemm = cute.compile(gemm, mA, mB, mC, stream)
+
+    if not skip_ref_check:
+        # execution
+        compiled_gemm(mA, mB, mC, stream)
+
+        torch.cuda.synchronize()
+
+        # Ref check
+        ref = (torch.einsum("mkl,nkl->mnl", a, b)).cpu()
+
+        if d_dtype in (cutlass.Float8E4M3FN, cutlass.Float8E5M2):
+            # m major: (l, n, m) -> (m, n, l)
+            # n major: (l, m, n) -> (m, n, l)
+            permute_order = (1, 2, 0) if d_major == "n" else (2, 1, 0)
+            shape = (l, m, n) if d_major == "n" else (l, n, m)
+            f8_torch_tensor = cutlass_torch.create_and_permute_torch_tensor(
+                shape,
+                torch.uint8,
+                permute_order=permute_order,
+                init_type=cutlass_torch.TensorInitType.SKIP,
+            ).cuda()
+            # Create dtype cute tensor (gpu)
+            ref_c_tensor = from_dlpack(f8_torch_tensor, assumed_align=16).mark_layout_dynamic(
+                leading_dim=(1 if d_major == "n" else 0)
+            )
+            ref_c_tensor.element_type = d_dtype
+            ref_c_tensor = cutlass_torch.convert_cute_tensor(
+                ref,
+                ref_c_tensor,
+                d_dtype,
+                is_dynamic_layout=True,
+            )
+            ref_c = f8_torch_tensor.cpu()
+        else:
+            ref_c = ref.to(cutlass_torch.dtype(d_dtype))
+
+        torch.testing.assert_close(c_torch.cpu(), ref_c, atol=tolerance, rtol=1e-03)
+
+    def generate_tensors():
+        _, mA_workspace, _ = create_and_permute_tensor(l, m, k, a_major == "m", a_dtype)
+        _, mB_workspace, _ = create_and_permute_tensor(l, n, k, b_major == "n", b_dtype)
+        _, mC_workspace, _ = create_and_permute_tensor(l, m, n, d_major == "m", d_dtype)
+        return testing.JitArguments(mA_workspace, mB_workspace, mC_workspace, stream)
+
+    workspace_count = 1
+    if use_cold_l2:
+        one_workspace_bytes = (
+            a_torch.numel() * a_torch.element_size()
+            + b_torch.numel() * b_torch.element_size()
+            + c_torch.numel() * c_torch.element_size()
+        )
+        workspace_count = testing.get_workspace_count(
+            one_workspace_bytes, warmup_iterations, iterations
+        )
+
+    exec_time = testing.benchmark(
+        compiled_gemm,
+        workspace_generator=generate_tensors,
+        workspace_count=workspace_count,
+        stream=stream,
+        warmup_iterations=warmup_iterations,
+        iterations=iterations,
+    )
+
+    from triton.testing import do_bench
+
+    current_stream = cuda.CUstream(torch.cuda.current_stream().cuda_stream)
+
+    flops = 2 * m * n * k * l
+
+    repeats = 30
+    # repeats = 1
+    warmup = 5
+
+    import time
+
+    time.sleep(0.5)
+    fn = lambda: torch.matmul(a_torch.permute(2, 0, 1), b_torch.permute(2, 0, 1).mT)
+    timing_cublas = do_bench(fn, warmup=warmup, rep=repeats)
+    tflops_cublas = flops / (timing_cublas * 1e9)  # Convert to TFlops
+    print(f"CuBLAS Average time: {timing_cublas:.3f} ms, TFLOPS: {tflops_cublas:.1f}")
+
+    time.sleep(0.5)
+    fn = lambda: compiled_gemm(mA, mB, mC, current_stream)
+    timing = do_bench(fn, warmup=warmup, rep=repeats)
+    tflops = flops / (timing * 1e9)  # Convert to TFlops
+    print(f"Cute-DSL Average time: {timing:.3f} ms, TFLOPS: {tflops:.1f}")
+
+    time.sleep(0.5)
+    fn = lambda: torch.matmul(a_torch.permute(2, 0, 1), b_torch.permute(2, 0, 1).mT)
+    timing_cublas = do_bench(fn, warmup=warmup, rep=repeats)
+    tflops_cublas = flops / (timing_cublas * 1e9)  # Convert to TFlops
+    print(f"CuBLAS Average time: {timing_cublas:.3f} ms, TFLOPS: {tflops_cublas:.1f}")
+
+    return exec_time  # Return execution time in microseconds
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    args = parse_arguments()
+    run(
+        args.mnkl,
+        args.a_dtype,
+        args.b_dtype,
+        args.d_dtype,
+        args.acc_dtype,
+        args.a_major,
+        args.b_major,
+        args.d_major,
+        args.tile_shape_mnk,
+        args.cluster_shape_mn,
+        args.tolerance,
+        args.warmup_iterations,
+        args.iterations,
+        args.skip_ref_check,
+        args.use_cold_l2,
+    )
+    print("PASS")