qnty 0.0.8__py3-none-any.whl → 0.1.0__py3-none-any.whl

qnty/quantities/field_qnty.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1012 @@
+"""
+Refactored Unified Variable System
+=================================
+
+This module provides a streamlined variable system with improved architecture:
+
+Key Refactoring Improvements:
+- **Encapsulated Global State**: CacheManager replaces global variables
+- **Simplified Mixins**: Reduced from 6 complex mixins to 5 focused ones
+- **Eliminated Code Duplication**: ArithmeticDispatcher centralizes operations
+- **Simplified Constructor Logic**: ConstructorProcessor handles complex initialization
+- **Better Separation of Concerns**: Each component has a single responsibility
+- **Maintained Backward Compatibility**: All existing APIs work unchanged
+
+Architecture:
+- UnifiedVariable: Main class with focused mixins
+- QuantityManagementMixin: Core quantity storage and state
+- FlexibleConstructorMixin: Simplified argument processing
+- UnifiedArithmeticMixin: User-controllable arithmetic operations
+- ExpressionMixin: Equation and comparison operations
+- SetterCompatibilityMixin: Backward compatibility with setter system
+- ErrorHandlerMixin: Consistent error handling
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Self
+
+from qnty.utils.error_handling import ErrorHandlerMixin
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..dimensions import DimensionSignature
+    from ..equations import Equation
+    from ..expressions import Expression
+    from .base_qnty import Quantity, TypeSafeSetter
+
+
+class QuantityManagementMixin:
+    """Handles core quantity storage and state management."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._quantity: Quantity | None = None
+        self._is_known: bool = False
+        self._name: str = ""
+        self._symbol: str | None = None
+
+    @property
+    def quantity(self) -> Quantity | None:
+        """Get the underlying quantity."""
+        return self._quantity
+
+    @quantity.setter
+    def quantity(self, value: Quantity | None) -> None:
+        """Set the underlying quantity."""
+        self._quantity = value
+        if value is not None:
+            self._is_known = True
+
+    @property
+    def is_known(self) -> bool:
+        """Check if variable has a known value."""
+        return self._is_known and self._quantity is not None
+
+    @is_known.setter
+    def is_known(self, value: bool) -> None:
+        """Set known status for backward compatibility."""
+        self._is_known = value
+
+    def mark_known(self) -> Self:
+        """Mark variable as having a known value."""
+        self._is_known = True
+        return self
+
+    def mark_unknown(self) -> Self:
+        """Mark variable as unknown."""
+        self._is_known = False
+        return self
+
+    def update(self, value: Any = None, unit: Any = None, quantity: Quantity | None = None, is_known: bool | None = None) -> Self:
+        """Flexible update method for variable properties."""
+        if quantity is not None:
+            self.quantity = quantity
+        elif value is not None and unit is not None:
+            # Create new quantity from value and unit using existing setter system
+            if hasattr(self, "_create_quantity_from_value_unit"):
+                self.quantity = self._create_quantity_from_value_unit(value, unit)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+        if is_known is not None:
+            self._is_known = is_known
+
+        return self
+
+
+class FlexibleConstructorMixin:
+    """Handles flexible variable initialization patterns maintaining backward compatibility."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Only set instance attributes if not already set by class definition
+        # This preserves class attributes from generated quantities
+        if not hasattr(self, "_setter_class"):
+            self._setter_class: type | None = None
+        if not hasattr(self, "_unit_mappings"):
+            self._unit_mappings: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    def _initialize_from_args(self, *args, **kwargs) -> None:
+        """Process constructor arguments with full backward compatibility."""
+        is_dimensionless = self.__class__.__name__ == "Dimensionless"
+
+        if len(args) == 1 and isinstance(args[0], str):
+            # Pattern: Variable("name") - may have is_known in kwargs
+            self._name = args[0]
+            self._is_known = kwargs.get("is_known", False)
+
+        elif len(args) == 2:
+            if is_dimensionless:
+                # Dimensionless pattern: Variable(value, "name")
+                value, name = args
+                self._name = name
+                self._is_known = True
+                # For dimensionless, create quantity directly
+                from ..units import DimensionlessUnits
+                from .base_qnty import Quantity
+
+                self.quantity = Quantity(value, DimensionlessUnits.dimensionless)
+            elif isinstance(args[1], str):
+                # Pattern: Variable(value, unit) - needs name from kwargs or auto-generated
+                value, unit = args
+                self._initialize_with_value_unit(value, unit)
+            elif isinstance(args[1], bool):
+                # Pattern: Variable(name, is_known)
+                name, is_known = args
+                self._name = name
+                self._is_known = is_known
+
+        elif len(args) == 3:
+            # Pattern: Variable(value, unit, name) - for dimensional quantities
+            value, unit, name = args
+            self._initialize_with_value_unit_name(value, unit, name)
+
+        elif len(args) == 4:
+            # Pattern: Variable(value, unit, name, is_known)
+            value, unit, name, is_known = args
+            self._initialize_with_value_unit_name(value, unit, name)
+            self._is_known = is_known
+
+        # Handle keyword arguments
+        if "name" in kwargs:
+            self._name = kwargs["name"]
+        if "is_known" in kwargs:
+            self._is_known = kwargs["is_known"]
+        if "quantity" in kwargs:
+            self.quantity = kwargs["quantity"]
+
+        # Set default name if not provided
+        if not hasattr(self, "_name") or not self._name:
+            self._name = f"var_{id(self)}"
+
+    def _initialize_with_value_unit(self, value: Any, unit: Any) -> None:
+        """Initialize with value and unit."""
+        if hasattr(self, "_create_quantity_from_value_unit"):
+            self.quantity = self._create_quantity_from_value_unit(value, unit)
+        self._is_known = True
+
+    def _initialize_with_value_unit_name(self, value: Any, unit: Any, name: str) -> None:
+        """Initialize with value, unit, and name."""
+        self._name = name
+        self._initialize_with_value_unit(value, unit)
+
+    def _create_quantity_from_value_unit(self, value: Any, unit: Any) -> Quantity | None:
+        """Create quantity from value and unit using setter system."""
+        if hasattr(self, "_setter_class") and self._setter_class is not None:
+            # Use the setter system like TypedQuantity does
+            setter = self._setter_class(self, value)
+            unit_prop = self._find_unit_property(setter, str(unit))
+            if unit_prop:
+                getattr(setter, unit_prop)
+                # Debug: check what self.quantity returns
+                result = self.quantity
+                # Ensure we return the quantity if it was successfully set
+                return result
+
+        # Fallback to direct quantity creation
+        from ..units import DimensionlessUnits
+        from .base_qnty import Quantity
+
+        # Try to find the unit in the registry or use dimensionless fallback
+        try:
+            from ..units.registry import registry
+
+            # Use a simple lookup approach since get_unit method may not exist
+            if hasattr(registry, "units") and str(unit) in registry.units:
+                unit_constant = registry.units[str(unit)]  # type: ignore[assignment]
+                return Quantity(value, unit_constant)  # type: ignore[arg-type,assignment]
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+
+        # Final fallback to dimensionless
+        return Quantity(value, DimensionlessUnits.dimensionless)
+
+    def _find_unit_property(self, setter: TypeSafeSetter, unit: str) -> str | None:
+        """Find unit property with simple lookup."""
+        if not hasattr(self, "_setter_class") or self._setter_class is None:
+            return None
+
+        # Direct property lookup
+        if hasattr(setter, unit):
+            return unit
+
+        return None
+
+
+class UnifiedArithmeticMixin:
+    """Provides unified arithmetic operations with user-controllable return types."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._arithmetic_mode: str = "expression"  # 'quantity', 'expression', 'auto'
+
+    def set_arithmetic_mode(self, mode: str) -> Self:
+        """Set arithmetic return type preference."""
+        if mode not in ("quantity", "expression", "auto"):
+            raise ValueError(f"Invalid arithmetic mode: {mode}")
+        self._arithmetic_mode = mode
+        return self
+
+    def __add__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Unified addition with mode-based dispatch."""
+        return self._unified_add(self, other, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __radd__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Reverse addition."""
+        return self._unified_add(other, self, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __sub__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Unified subtraction with mode-based dispatch."""
+        return self._unified_subtract(self, other, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __rsub__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Reverse subtraction."""
+        return self._unified_subtract(other, self, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __mul__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Unified multiplication with mode-based dispatch."""
+        # Ultra-fast path for scalar multiplication when in quantity mode only
+        if (type(other) in (int, float) and getattr(self, 'quantity', None) is not None and
+            self._arithmetic_mode == "quantity"):
+            from .base_qnty import Quantity
+            return Quantity(self.quantity.value * other, self.quantity.unit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return self._unified_multiply(self, other, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __rmul__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Reverse multiplication."""
+        # Ultra-fast path for scalar multiplication when in quantity mode only
+        if (type(other) in (int, float) and getattr(self, 'quantity', None) is not None and
+            self._arithmetic_mode == "quantity"):
+            from .base_qnty import Quantity
+            return Quantity(other * self.quantity.value, self.quantity.unit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return self._unified_multiply(other, self, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __truediv__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Unified division with mode-based dispatch."""
+        # Ultra-fast path for scalar division when in quantity mode only
+        if (type(other) in (int, float) and getattr(self, 'quantity', None) is not None and
+            self._arithmetic_mode == "quantity"):
+            from .base_qnty import Quantity
+            return Quantity(self.quantity.value / other, self.quantity.unit)  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+        return self._unified_divide(self, other, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __rtruediv__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Reverse division."""
+        return self._unified_divide(other, self, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __pow__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Unified exponentiation with mode-based dispatch."""
+        return self._unified_power(self, other, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    def __rpow__(self, other) -> Any:
+        """Reverse exponentiation."""
+        return self._unified_power(other, self, self._arithmetic_mode)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _should_return_quantity(left: Any, right: Any) -> bool:
+        """Optimized check for quantity path eligibility."""
+        # Ultra-fast type checks using type() comparison
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+
+        # Fast path: both primitives
+        if left_type in (int, float) and right_type in (int, float):
+            return True
+        
+        # Fast path: one primitive, one variable
+        if left_type in (int, float):
+            # Use getattr for safe access, defaulting to False for missing attributes
+            return getattr(right, "is_known", False) and getattr(right, "quantity", None) is not None
+        if right_type in (int, float):
+            return getattr(left, "is_known", False) and getattr(left, "quantity", None) is not None
+            
+        # Both complex objects - optimized checks
+        return (getattr(left, "is_known", False) and getattr(left, "quantity", None) is not None and
+                getattr(right, "is_known", False) and getattr(right, "quantity", None) is not None)
+
+    def _unified_add(self, left: Any, right: Any, return_type: str = "auto") -> Any:
+        """Unified addition with controllable return type."""
+        if return_type == "quantity" or (return_type == "auto" and self._should_return_quantity(left, right)):
+            return self._quantity_add(left, right)
+        else:
+            return self._expression_add(left, right)
+
+    def _unified_subtract(self, left: Any, right: Any, return_type: str = "auto") -> Any:
+        """Unified subtraction with controllable return type."""
+        if return_type == "quantity" or (return_type == "auto" and self._should_return_quantity(left, right)):
+            return self._quantity_subtract(left, right)
+        else:
+            return self._expression_subtract(left, right)
+
+    def _unified_multiply(self, left: Any, right: Any, return_type: str = "auto") -> Any:
+        """Unified multiplication with controllable return type."""
+        if return_type == "quantity" or (return_type == "auto" and self._should_return_quantity(left, right)):
+            return self._quantity_multiply(left, right)
+        else:
+            return self._expression_multiply(left, right)
+
+    def _unified_divide(self, left: Any, right: Any, return_type: str = "auto") -> Any:
+        """Unified division with controllable return type."""
+        if return_type == "quantity" or (return_type == "auto" and self._should_return_quantity(left, right)):
+            return self._quantity_divide(left, right)
+        else:
+            return self._expression_divide(left, right)
+
+    def _unified_power(self, left: Any, right: Any, return_type: str = "auto") -> Any:
+        """Unified exponentiation with controllable return type."""
+        if return_type == "quantity" or (return_type == "auto" and self._should_return_quantity(left, right)):
+            return self._quantity_power(left, right)
+        else:
+            return self._expression_power(left, right)
+
+    # Cache for dimensionless quantities to reduce allocation
+    _DIMENSIONLESS_ZERO = None
+    _DIMENSIONLESS_ONE = None
+    _DIMENSIONLESS_CACHE = {}  # Cache for common dimensionless values
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_dimensionless_quantity(cls, value: float):
+        """Get cached dimensionless quantity for common values."""
+        # Initialize cache if needed
+        if cls._DIMENSIONLESS_ZERO is None:
+            from ..units import DimensionlessUnits
+            from .base_qnty import Quantity
+
+            cls._DIMENSIONLESS_ZERO = Quantity(0.0, DimensionlessUnits.dimensionless)
+            cls._DIMENSIONLESS_ONE = Quantity(1.0, DimensionlessUnits.dimensionless)
+
+        # Fast return for common values
+        if value == 0.0:
+            return cls._DIMENSIONLESS_ZERO
+        elif value == 1.0:
+            return cls._DIMENSIONLESS_ONE
+        elif value in cls._DIMENSIONLESS_CACHE:
+            return cls._DIMENSIONLESS_CACHE[value]
+        else:
+            # Create new quantity and cache if it's a common value
+            from ..units import DimensionlessUnits
+            from .base_qnty import Quantity
+
+            qty = Quantity(value, DimensionlessUnits.dimensionless)
+
+            # Cache common integer values
+            if isinstance(value, int) and -10 <= value <= 10:
+                cls._DIMENSIONLESS_CACHE[value] = qty
+            # Cache common decimal values
+            elif value in (-1.0, 0.5, 2.0, -0.5):
+                cls._DIMENSIONLESS_CACHE[value] = qty
+
+            return qty
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _quantity_add(cls, left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Fast path addition returning Quantity with optimized quantity creation."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation
+        from .base_qnty import ArithmeticOperations
+
+        # Fast path for numeric types
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+
+        if left_type in (int, float):
+            left_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left))
+        else:
+            left_qty = left.quantity if hasattr(left, "quantity") else left
+
+        if right_type in (int, float):
+            right_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(right))
+        else:
+            right_qty = right.quantity if hasattr(right, "quantity") else right
+
+        # If either operand has no quantity, fall back to expression mode
+        if left_qty is None or right_qty is None:
+            return BinaryOperation("+", left, right)
+
+        # Delegate to ArithmeticOperations for the actual computation
+        return ArithmeticOperations.add(left_qty, right_qty)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _expression_add(left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Flexible path addition returning Expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation("+", wrap_operand(left), wrap_operand(right))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _quantity_subtract(cls, left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Fast path subtraction returning Quantity with optimized quantity creation."""
+        from .base_qnty import ArithmeticOperations
+
+        # Fast path for numeric types using cached dimensionless quantities
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+
+        if left_type in (int, float):
+            left_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left))
+        else:
+            left_qty = left.quantity if hasattr(left, "quantity") else left
+
+        if right_type in (int, float):
+            right_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(right))
+        else:
+            right_qty = right.quantity if hasattr(right, "quantity") else right
+
+        # Delegate to ArithmeticOperations for the actual computation
+        return ArithmeticOperations.subtract(left_qty, right_qty)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _expression_subtract(left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Flexible path subtraction returning Expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation("-", wrap_operand(left), wrap_operand(right))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _quantity_multiply(cls, left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Fast path multiplication returning Quantity with optimized quantity creation."""
+        from .base_qnty import ArithmeticOperations
+
+        # Fast path for numeric types using cached dimensionless quantities
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+
+        if left_type in (int, float):
+            left_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left))
+        else:
+            left_qty = left.quantity if hasattr(left, "quantity") else left
+
+        if right_type in (int, float):
+            right_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(right))
+        else:
+            right_qty = right.quantity if hasattr(right, "quantity") else right
+
+        # Delegate to ArithmeticOperations for the actual computation
+        return ArithmeticOperations.multiply(left_qty, right_qty)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _expression_multiply(left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Optimized flexible path multiplication returning Expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+        
+        # Fast path for scalar operations - avoid double wrap_operand calls
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+        
+        if left_type in (int, float) and right_type in (int, float):
+            # Both scalars - very rare but handle efficiently
+            from ..expressions.nodes import Constant, _get_dimensionless_quantity
+            left_const = Constant(_get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left)))
+            right_const = Constant(_get_dimensionless_quantity(float(right)))
+            return BinaryOperation("*", left_const, right_const)
+        elif left_type in (int, float):
+            # Left scalar, right variable - common case
+            from ..expressions.nodes import Constant, _get_dimensionless_quantity
+            left_const = Constant(_get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left)))
+            return BinaryOperation("*", left_const, wrap_operand(right))
+        elif right_type in (int, float):
+            # Left variable, right scalar - very common case
+            from ..expressions.nodes import Constant, _get_dimensionless_quantity
+            right_const = Constant(_get_dimensionless_quantity(float(right)))
+            return BinaryOperation("*", wrap_operand(left), right_const)
+        else:
+            # General case - both need wrapping
+            return BinaryOperation("*", wrap_operand(left), wrap_operand(right))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _quantity_divide(cls, left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Fast path division returning Quantity with optimized quantity creation."""
+        from .base_qnty import ArithmeticOperations
+
+        # Fast path for numeric types using cached dimensionless quantities
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+
+        if left_type in (int, float):
+            left_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left))
+        else:
+            left_qty = left.quantity if hasattr(left, "quantity") else left
+
+        if right_type in (int, float):
+            right_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(right))
+        else:
+            right_qty = right.quantity if hasattr(right, "quantity") else right
+
+        # Delegate to ArithmeticOperations for the actual computation
+        return ArithmeticOperations.divide(left_qty, right_qty)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _expression_divide(left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Optimized flexible path division returning Expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+        
+        # Fast path for scalar operations - avoid double wrap_operand calls
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+        
+        if right_type in (int, float):
+            # Most common case: variable / scalar
+            from ..expressions.nodes import Constant, _get_dimensionless_quantity
+            right_const = Constant(_get_dimensionless_quantity(float(right)))
+            return BinaryOperation("/", wrap_operand(left), right_const)
+        elif left_type in (int, float):
+            # Less common: scalar / variable
+            from ..expressions.nodes import Constant, _get_dimensionless_quantity
+            left_const = Constant(_get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left)))
+            return BinaryOperation("/", left_const, wrap_operand(right))
+        else:
+            # General case - both need wrapping
+            return BinaryOperation("/", wrap_operand(left), wrap_operand(right))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _quantity_power(cls, left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Fast path exponentiation returning Quantity with optimized handling."""
+        left_type = type(left)
+        right_type = type(right)
+
+        # Get quantities efficiently
+        if left_type in (int, float):
+            left_qty = cls._get_dimensionless_quantity(float(left))
+        else:
+            left_qty = left.quantity if hasattr(left, "quantity") else left
+
+        # For exponentiation, right operand is usually a scalar
+        if right_type in (int, float):
+            return left_qty**right
+        else:
+            right_qty = right.quantity if hasattr(right, "quantity") else right
+            return left_qty**right_qty
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _expression_power(left: Any, right: Any):
+        """Flexible path exponentiation returning Expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation("**", wrap_operand(left), wrap_operand(right))
+
+
+class ExpressionMixin:
+    """Provides expression and equation creation capabilities."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass  # Properties will be handled by UnifiedVariable
+
+    def equals(self, other) -> Equation:
+        """Create an equation: self = other."""
+        from ..equations import Equation
+        from ..expressions import wrap_operand
+
+        equation_name = f"{getattr(self, 'name', 'var')}_eq"
+        return Equation(name=equation_name, lhs=wrap_operand(self), rhs=wrap_operand(other))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def lt(self, other) -> Expression:
+        """Create less-than comparison expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation("<", wrap_operand(self), wrap_operand(other))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def leq(self, other) -> Expression:
+        """Create less-than-or-equal comparison expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation("<=", wrap_operand(self), wrap_operand(other))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def geq(self, other) -> Expression:
+        """Create greater-than-or-equal comparison expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation(">=", wrap_operand(self), wrap_operand(other))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def gt(self, other) -> Expression:
+        """Create greater-than comparison expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation(">", wrap_operand(self), wrap_operand(other))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    # Python comparison operators for convenience
+    def __lt__(self, other) -> Expression:
+        return self.lt(other)
+
+    def __le__(self, other) -> Expression:
+        return self.leq(other)
+
+    def __ge__(self, other) -> Expression:
+        return self.geq(other)
+
+    def __gt__(self, other) -> Expression:
+        return self.gt(other)
+
+    def eq(self, other) -> Expression:
+        """Create equality comparison expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation("==", wrap_operand(self), wrap_operand(other))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def ne(self, other) -> Expression:
+        """Create inequality comparison expression."""
+        from ..expressions import BinaryOperation, wrap_operand
+
+        return BinaryOperation("!=", wrap_operand(self), wrap_operand(other))  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+
+    def get_variables(self) -> set[str]:
+        """Get variable names used in this variable (for equation system compatibility)."""
+        return {getattr(self, 'symbol', None) or getattr(self, 'name', 'var')}
+
+    def evaluate(self, variable_values: dict[str, FieldQnty]) -> Quantity:
+        """Evaluate this variable in the context of a variable dictionary."""
+        # If this variable has a quantity, return it
+        if self.quantity is not None:
+            return self.quantity
+
+        # Try to find this variable in the provided values
+        var_name = getattr(self, 'symbol', None) or getattr(self, 'name', 'var')
+        if var_name in variable_values:
+            var = variable_values[var_name]
+            if var.quantity is not None:
+                return var.quantity
+
+        # If no quantity available, raise error
+        raise ValueError(f"Cannot evaluate variable '{var_name}' without value. Available variables: {list(variable_values.keys())}")
+
+    def solve_from(self, expression) -> Self:
+        """
+        Solve this variable from an expression.
+
+        If the expression can be evaluated to a concrete value, assigns that value.
+        Otherwise, falls back to symbolic equation solving.
+
+        Args:
+            expression: The expression to solve from (can be a value, quantity, or expression)
+
+        Returns:
+            Self for method chaining
+        """
+        from ..expressions import Expression
+
+        # Handle different types of input with optimized type checking
+
+        if hasattr(expression, "quantity") and expression.quantity is not None:
+            # Direct quantity/variable input - avoid repeated attribute access
+            qty = expression.quantity
+            self.quantity = qty
+            self._is_known = True
+        elif isinstance(expression, Expression):
+            # Expression input - try to evaluate it first
+            try:
+                # Check if the expression can auto-evaluate
+                can_eval, variables = expression._can_auto_evaluate()
+                if can_eval:
+                    # Expression evaluates to a concrete value - use the evaluate method
+                    evaluated_quantity = expression.evaluate(variables)
+                    if evaluated_quantity is not None:
+                        self.quantity = evaluated_quantity
+                        self._is_known = True
+                    else:
+                        # Fall back to symbolic solving
+                        self._symbolic_solve_from(expression)
+                else:
+                    # Fall back to symbolic solving
+                    self._symbolic_solve_from(expression)
+            except Exception:
+                # If evaluation fails, try symbolic solving
+                self._symbolic_solve_from(expression)
+        else:
+            # Direct value input (int, float)
+            try:
+                # Try to create a quantity with the same dimension as this variable
+                if hasattr(self, "_dimension") and getattr(self, '_dimension', None):
+                    # Use cached dimensionless quantity for better performance
+                    self.quantity = getattr(self, '_get_dimensionless_quantity', lambda _x: None)(float(expression))  # type: ignore[misc]
+                    self._is_known = True
+            except Exception:
+                pass
+
+        return self
+
+    def solve(self) -> Self:
+        """
+        Solve this variable by finding equations in the calling scope.
+
+        This method automatically discovers equations from the calling scope
+        and attempts to solve for this variable. If no stored equations are found,
+        it falls back to looking for direct expressions that can be used.
+
+        Returns:
+            Self for method chaining
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: If no equations found or equation cannot be solved
+        """
+        from ..equations import Equation
+        from ..expressions import ScopeDiscoveryService
+
+        # Find all variables in the calling scope
+        all_variables = ScopeDiscoveryService.find_variables_in_scope()
+
+        var_name = getattr(self, 'symbol', None) or getattr(self, 'name', 'var')
+
+        # Strategy 1: Look for stored equations on variables
+        equations_found = []
+        for var in all_variables.values():
+            if hasattr(var, "_equations"):
+                equations_found.extend(var._equations)
+
+        # Try to solve using stored equations
+        for equation in equations_found:
+            try:
+                if hasattr(equation, "solve_for"):
+                    solved_value = equation.solve_for(var_name, all_variables)
+                    if solved_value is not None and hasattr(solved_value, "quantity"):
+                        self.quantity = solved_value.quantity
+                        self._is_known = True
+                        return self
+            except Exception:
+                continue
+
+        # Strategy 2: Look for Equation objects in scope (created with .equals())
+        frame = ScopeDiscoveryService._find_user_frame(getattr(ScopeDiscoveryService, '_get_current_frame', lambda: None)())  # type: ignore[misc]
+        if frame:
+            for obj in list(frame.f_locals.values()) + list(frame.f_globals.values()):
+                if isinstance(obj, Equation):
+                    try:
+                        solved_value = obj.solve_for(var_name, all_variables)
+                        if solved_value is not None and hasattr(solved_value, "quantity"):
+                            self.quantity = solved_value.quantity
+                            self._is_known = True
+                            return self
+                    except Exception:
+                        continue
+
+        raise ValueError(f"No equations found in scope to solve for '{var_name}'")
+
+    def _symbolic_solve_from(self, expression):
+        """Fallback symbolic solving method."""
+        try:
+            equation = self.equals(expression)
+            solved_value = equation.solve_for(getattr(self, 'symbol', None) or getattr(self, 'name', 'var'), {})
+            if solved_value is not None and hasattr(solved_value, "quantity"):
+                self.quantity = solved_value.quantity
+                self._is_known = True
+        except Exception:
+            # If all else fails, silently continue
+            pass
+
+
+class SetterCompatibilityMixin:
+    """Provides backward compatibility with existing setter system."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        # Only set instance attributes if not already set by class definition
+        # This preserves class attributes from generated quantities
+        if not hasattr(self, "_setter_class"):
+            self._setter_class: type | None = None
+
+    def set(self, value: float) -> TypeSafeSetter:
+        """Create setter object for fluent API compatibility."""
+        if hasattr(self, "_setter_class") and self._setter_class:
+            return self._setter_class(self, value)  # Correct parameter order
+        else:
+            # Fallback to generic setter
+            from .base_qnty import TypeSafeSetter
+
+            return TypeSafeSetter(self, value)  # Correct parameter order
+
+
+class UnitConverter:
+    """Base class for unit conversion operations."""
+    
+    def __init__(self, variable: FieldQnty):
+        self.variable = variable
+    
+    def _get_unit_constant(self, unit_str: str):
+        """Get unit constant from unit string."""
+        # Try to get from field_units module directly using the variable type
+        try:
+            from ..units import field_units
+            # Get the units class for this variable type
+            var_type = self.variable.__class__.__name__
+            if hasattr(field_units, f"{var_type}Units"):
+                units_class = getattr(field_units, f"{var_type}Units")
+                # Try direct lookup first
+                if hasattr(units_class, unit_str):
+                    return getattr(units_class, unit_str)
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        
+        # Fallback to registry lookup
+        try:
+            from ..units.registry import registry
+            if hasattr(registry, 'units') and unit_str in registry.units:
+                return registry.units[unit_str]
+        except Exception:
+            pass
+        
+        raise ValueError(f"Unknown unit: {unit_str}")
+    
+    def _convert_quantity(self, to_unit_constant, modify_original: bool = True):
+        """Convert the variable's quantity to the specified unit."""
+        if self.variable.quantity is None:
+            raise ValueError(f"Cannot convert {self.variable.name}: no value set")
+            
+        from_unit = self.variable.quantity.unit
+        from_value = self.variable.quantity.value
+        
+        # Convert value
+        if from_unit.name == to_unit_constant.name:
+            new_value = from_value
+        else:
+            # Use the registry for conversion
+            try:
+                from ..units.registry import registry
+                new_value = registry.convert(from_value, from_unit, to_unit_constant)
+            except Exception:
+                # Fallback to SI conversion
+                si_value = from_value * from_unit.si_factor
+                new_value = si_value / to_unit_constant.si_factor
+        
+        # Create new quantity
+        from .base_qnty import Quantity
+        new_quantity = Quantity(new_value, to_unit_constant)
+        
+        if modify_original:
+            self.variable.quantity = new_quantity
+            return self.variable
+        else:
+            # Return a new variable with the converted value
+            new_var = self.variable.__class__(new_value, to_unit_constant.name, f"{self.variable.name}_converted")
+            return new_var
+
+
+class ToUnitConverter(UnitConverter):
+    """Handles L.to_unit.unit() conversions that modify the original variable."""
+    
+    def __call__(self, unit_str: str):
+        """Convert to specified unit using string notation."""
+        unit_constant = self._get_unit_constant(unit_str)
+        return self._convert_quantity(unit_constant, modify_original=True)
+    
+    def __getattr__(self, unit_name: str):
+        """Enable L.to_unit.mm() syntax."""
+        def converter():
+            unit_constant = self._get_unit_constant(unit_name)
+            return self._convert_quantity(unit_constant, modify_original=True)
+        return converter
+
+
+class AsUnitConverter(UnitConverter):
+    """Handles L.as_unit.unit() conversions that return a new representation."""
+    
+    def __call__(self, unit_str: str):
+        """Convert to specified unit using string notation, returning new variable."""
+        unit_constant = self._get_unit_constant(unit_str)
+        return self._convert_quantity(unit_constant, modify_original=False)
+    
+    def __getattr__(self, unit_name: str):
+        """Enable L.as_unit.mm() syntax."""
+        def converter():
+            unit_constant = self._get_unit_constant(unit_name)
+            return self._convert_quantity(unit_constant, modify_original=False)
+        return converter
+
+
+class FieldQnty(QuantityManagementMixin, FlexibleConstructorMixin, UnifiedArithmeticMixin, ExpressionMixin, SetterCompatibilityMixin, ErrorHandlerMixin):
+    """
+    Unified variable class that replaces the 4-level inheritance chain.
+
+    This combines all capabilities through focused mixins instead of inheritance:
+    - QuantityManagementMixin: Core quantity storage and state management
+    - FlexibleConstructorMixin: Backward-compatible initialization patterns
+    - UnifiedArithmeticMixin: User-controllable arithmetic operations
+    - ExpressionMixin: Expression and equation creation capabilities
+    - SetterCompatibilityMixin: Backward compatibility with setter system
+    - ErrorHandlerMixin: Consistent error handling
+    """
+
+    # Class attributes that subclasses should define
+    _dimension: DimensionSignature | None = None
+    _setter_class: type | None = None
+    _default_unit_property: str | None = None
+    _unit_mappings: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        """Initialize unified variable with simplified setup."""
+        # Initialize core components
+        self._initialize_core_attributes()
+        self._initialize_mixins()
+
+        # Process constructor arguments
+        self._initialize_from_args(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _initialize_core_attributes(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize core variable attributes."""
+        self.validation_checks = []
+        self._parent_problem = None
+        self._equations = []
+        if not hasattr(self, "_symbol"):
+            self._symbol = None
+
+    def _initialize_mixins(self) -> None:
+        """Initialize all mixin components."""
+        QuantityManagementMixin.__init__(self)
+        FlexibleConstructorMixin.__init__(self)
+        UnifiedArithmeticMixin.__init__(self)
+        ExpressionMixin.__init__(self)
+        SetterCompatibilityMixin.__init__(self)
+        ErrorHandlerMixin.__init__(self)
+
+    # Simplified property management
+    @property
+    def name(self) -> str:
+        return getattr(self, "_name", "")
+
+    @name.setter
+    def name(self, value: str) -> None:
+        self._name = value
+
+    @property
+    def expected_dimension(self) -> DimensionSignature | None:
+        return self._dimension
+
+    @expected_dimension.setter
+    def expected_dimension(self, value: DimensionSignature | None) -> None:
+        self._dimension = value
+
+    @property
+    def symbol(self) -> str | None:
+        return getattr(self, "_symbol", None) or self.name
+
+    @symbol.setter
+    def symbol(self, value: str | None) -> None:
+        self._symbol = value
+
+    @property
+    def to_unit(self) -> ToUnitConverter:
+        """Get unit converter that modifies the original variable."""
+        # Try to get the specific converter class for this variable type
+        try:
+            from . import field_converters
+            class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+            converter_class_name = f"ToUnit{class_name}Converter"
+            converter_class = getattr(field_converters, converter_class_name, None)
+            if converter_class:
+                return converter_class(self)
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        # Fallback to generic converter
+        return ToUnitConverter(self)
+    
+    @property
+    def as_unit(self) -> AsUnitConverter:
+        """Get unit converter that returns a new variable representation."""
+        # Try to get the specific converter class for this variable type
+        try:
+            from . import field_converters
+            class_name = self.__class__.__name__
+            converter_class_name = f"AsUnit{class_name}Converter"
+            converter_class = getattr(field_converters, converter_class_name, None)
+            if converter_class:
+                return converter_class(self)
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+        # Fallback to generic converter
+        return AsUnitConverter(self)
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        status = f"{self._quantity}" if (self.is_known and self._quantity) else "(unset)"
+        return f"{self.name} = {status}"
+
+    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}('{self.name}', known={self.is_known})"
+
+
+def create_domain_variable_class(
+    dimension: DimensionSignature, setter_class: type | None = None, default_unit_property: str | None = None, unit_mappings: dict[str, str] | None = None
+) -> type[FieldQnty]:
+    """
+    Factory function to create domain-specific variable classes.
+
+    This replaces the need for hand-coded inheritance chains by generating
+    the necessary class with proper dimension and setter configuration.
+    """
+
+    class DomainVariable(FieldQnty):
+        _dimension = dimension
+        _setter_class = setter_class
+        _default_unit_property = default_unit_property
+        _unit_mappings = unit_mappings or {}
+
+    return DomainVariable