qiskit 2.0.3__cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl → 2.1.0__cp39-abi3-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl

qiskit/circuit/quantumcircuit.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import warnings
 import collections.abc
 import copy as _copy
 
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ from qiskit.circuit.instruction import Instruction
 from qiskit.circuit.gate import Gate
 from qiskit.circuit.parameter import Parameter
 from qiskit.circuit.exceptions import CircuitError
-from qiskit.utils import deprecate_func
+from qiskit.utils import deprecate_func, deprecate_arg
 from . import (  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
     Bit,
     QuantumRegister,
@@ -80,11 +81,12 @@ from .delay import Delay
 from .store import Store
 
 
-if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import qiskit  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
-    from qiskit.transpiler.layout import TranspileLayout  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+    import qiskit
+    from qiskit.circuit import Annotation
+    from qiskit.transpiler.layout import TranspileLayout
     from qiskit.quantum_info.operators.base_operator import BaseOperator
-    from qiskit.quantum_info.states.statevector import Statevector  # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
+    from qiskit.quantum_info.states.statevector import Statevector
 
 
 # The following types are not marked private to avoid leaking this "private/public" abstraction out
@@ -826,6 +828,9 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
     a block, even though it has no operations defined.  In this case, you can use the :meth:`noop`
     method.
 
+    To check whether a circuit contains a :class:`.ControlFlowOp` you can use the helper method
+    :meth:`.QuantumCircuit.has_control_flow_op`.
+
     ..
         TODO: expand the examples of the builder interface.
 
@@ -838,6 +843,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
     .. automethod:: switch
     .. automethod:: while_loop
     .. automethod:: noop
+    .. automethod:: has_control_flow_op
 
 
     Converting circuits to single objects
@@ -1099,7 +1105,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         self._base_name = None
         self.name: str
         """A human-readable name for the circuit.
-        
+
         Example:
 
             .. plot::
@@ -1177,7 +1183,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
 
         Qiskit will not examine the content of this mapping, but it will pass it through the
         transpiler and reattach it to the output, so you can track your own metadata.
-        
+
         Example:
 
             .. plot::
@@ -2718,6 +2724,8 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
             if copy and is_parameter:
                 operation = _copy.deepcopy(operation)
         if isinstance(operation, ControlFlowOp):
+            if operation.name == "box" and operation.unit == "expr":
+                _validate_expr(circuit_scope, operation.duration)
             # Verify that any variable bindings are valid.  Control-flow ops are already enforced
             # by the class not to contain 'input' variables.
             if bad_captures := {
@@ -4802,7 +4810,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
             target._name_update()
 
         if isinstance(parameters, collections.abc.Mapping):
-            raw_mapping = parameters if flat_input else self._unroll_param_dict(parameters)
+            raw_mapping = parameters if flat_input else self._unroll_param_dict(parameters, strict)
             if strict and (
                 extras := [
                     parameter for parameter in raw_mapping if not self.has_parameter(parameter)
@@ -4819,8 +4827,13 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
 
         return None if inplace else target
 
+    def has_control_flow_op(self) -> bool:
+        """Checks whether the circuit has an instance of :class:`.ControlFlowOp`
+        present amongst its operations."""
+        return self._data.has_control_flow_op()
+
     def _unroll_param_dict(
-        self, parameter_binds: Mapping[Parameter, ParameterValueType]
+        self, parameter_binds: Mapping[Parameter, ParameterValueType], strict: bool = True
     ) -> Mapping[Parameter, ParameterValueType]:
         out = {}
         for parameter, value in parameter_binds.items():
@@ -4832,7 +4845,10 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
                     )
                 out.update(zip(parameter, value))
             elif isinstance(parameter, str):
-                out[self.get_parameter(parameter)] = value
+                if strict:
+                    out[self.get_parameter(parameter)] = value
+                if not strict and self.has_parameter(parameter):
+                    out[self.get_parameter(parameter)] = value
             else:
                 out[parameter] = value
         return out
@@ -4904,7 +4920,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.HGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.H, [qubit], ())
 
     def ch(
         self,
@@ -4931,7 +4947,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CHGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
+                StandardGate.CH, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.h import CHGate
@@ -4954,7 +4970,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.IGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.I, [qubit], ())
 
     def ms(self, theta: ParameterValueType, qubits: Sequence[QubitSpecifier]) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.MSGate`.
@@ -4985,7 +5001,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.PhaseGate, [qubit], (theta,))
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.Phase, [qubit], (theta,))
 
     def cp(
         self,
@@ -5014,7 +5030,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CPhaseGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (theta,), label=label
+                StandardGate.CPhase, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (theta,), label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.p import CPhaseGate
@@ -5142,7 +5158,6 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         """
         # pylint: disable=cyclic-import
         from .library.standard_gates.ry import RYGate
-        from .library.standard_gates.x import MCXGate
         from qiskit.synthesis.multi_controlled import (
             _apply_cu,
             _apply_mcu_graycode,
@@ -5161,17 +5176,33 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # auto-select the best mode
         if mode is None:
             # if enough ancillary qubits are provided, use the 'v-chain' method
-            additional_vchain = MCXGate.get_num_ancilla_qubits(len(control_qubits), "v-chain")
+            additional_vchain = max(0, len(control_qubits) - 2)
             if len(ancillary_qubits) >= additional_vchain:
                 mode = "basic"
             else:
                 mode = "noancilla"
 
         if mode == "basic":
+            from qiskit.synthesis.multi_controlled import synth_mcx_n_clean_m15
+
             self.ry(theta / 2, q_target)
-            self.mcx(list(q_controls), q_target, q_ancillae, mode="v-chain")
+            if len(control_qubits) == 1:
+                self.cx(control_qubits[0], q_target)
+            elif len(control_qubits) == 2:
+                self.ccx(control_qubits[0], control_qubits[1], q_target)
+            else:
+                qubits = control_qubits + [target_qubit] + ancillary_qubits
+                mcx = synth_mcx_n_clean_m15(len(control_qubits))
+                self.compose(mcx, qubits, inplace=True)
             self.ry(-theta / 2, q_target)
-            self.mcx(list(q_controls), q_target, q_ancillae, mode="v-chain")
+            if len(control_qubits) == 1:
+                self.cx(control_qubits[0], q_target)
+            elif len(control_qubits) == 2:
+                self.ccx(control_qubits[0], control_qubits[1], q_target)
+            else:
+                qubits = control_qubits + [target_qubit] + ancillary_qubits
+                mcx = synth_mcx_n_clean_m15(len(control_qubits))
+                self.compose(mcx, qubits, inplace=True)
         elif mode == "noancilla":
             n_c = len(control_qubits)
             if n_c == 1:  # cu
@@ -5265,7 +5296,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RGate, [qubit], [theta, phi])
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.R, [qubit], [theta, phi])
 
     def rv(
         self,
@@ -5313,7 +5344,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
         return self._append_standard_gate(
-            StandardGate.RCCXGate, [control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit], ()
+            StandardGate.RCCX, [control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit], ()
         )
 
     def rcccx(
@@ -5337,7 +5368,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
         return self._append_standard_gate(
-            StandardGate.RC3XGate,
+            StandardGate.RC3X,
             [control_qubit1, control_qubit2, control_qubit3, target_qubit],
             (),
         )
@@ -5357,7 +5388,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RXGate, [qubit], [theta], label=label)
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RX, [qubit], [theta], label=label)
 
     def crx(
         self,
@@ -5386,7 +5417,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CRXGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], [theta], label=label
+                StandardGate.CRX, [control_qubit, target_qubit], [theta], label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.rx import CRXGate
@@ -5413,7 +5444,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RXXGate, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RXX, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
 
     def ry(
         self, theta: ParameterValueType, qubit: QubitSpecifier, label: str | None = None
@@ -5430,7 +5461,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RYGate, [qubit], [theta], label=label)
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RY, [qubit], [theta], label=label)
 
     def cry(
         self,
@@ -5459,7 +5490,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CRYGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], [theta], label=label
+                StandardGate.CRY, [control_qubit, target_qubit], [theta], label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.ry import CRYGate
@@ -5486,7 +5517,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RYYGate, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RYY, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
 
     def rz(self, phi: ParameterValueType, qubit: QubitSpecifier) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.RZGate`.
@@ -5500,7 +5531,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RZGate, [qubit], [phi])
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RZ, [qubit], [phi])
 
     def crz(
         self,
@@ -5529,7 +5560,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CRZGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], [theta], label=label
+                StandardGate.CRZ, [control_qubit, target_qubit], [theta], label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.rz import CRZGate
@@ -5556,7 +5587,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RZXGate, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RZX, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
 
     def rzz(
         self, theta: ParameterValueType, qubit1: QubitSpecifier, qubit2: QubitSpecifier
@@ -5573,7 +5604,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RZZGate, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.RZZ, [qubit1, qubit2], [theta])
 
     def ecr(self, qubit1: QubitSpecifier, qubit2: QubitSpecifier) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.ECRGate`.
@@ -5586,7 +5617,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.ECRGate, [qubit1, qubit2], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.ECR, [qubit1, qubit2], ())
 
     def s(self, qubit: QubitSpecifier) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.SGate`.
@@ -5599,7 +5630,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.SGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.S, [qubit], ())
 
     def sdg(self, qubit: QubitSpecifier) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.SdgGate`.
@@ -5612,7 +5643,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.SdgGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.Sdg, [qubit], ())
 
     def cs(
         self,
@@ -5639,7 +5670,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CSGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
+                StandardGate.CS, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.s import CSGate
@@ -5676,7 +5707,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CSdgGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
+                StandardGate.CSdg, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.s import CSdgGate
@@ -5700,7 +5731,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
         return self._append_standard_gate(
-            StandardGate.SwapGate,
+            StandardGate.Swap,
             [qubit1, qubit2],
             (),
         )
@@ -5716,7 +5747,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.ISwapGate, [qubit1, qubit2], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.ISwap, [qubit1, qubit2], ())
 
     def cswap(
         self,
@@ -5745,7 +5776,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CSwapGate,
+                StandardGate.CSwap,
                 [control_qubit, target_qubit1, target_qubit2],
                 (),
                 label=label,
@@ -5771,7 +5802,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.SXGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.SX, [qubit], ())
 
     def sxdg(self, qubit: QubitSpecifier) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.SXdgGate`.
@@ -5784,7 +5815,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.SXdgGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.SXdg, [qubit], ())
 
     def csx(
         self,
@@ -5811,7 +5842,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CSXGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
+                StandardGate.CSX, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.sx import CSXGate
@@ -5834,7 +5865,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.TGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.T, [qubit], ())
 
     def tdg(self, qubit: QubitSpecifier) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.TdgGate`.
@@ -5847,7 +5878,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.TdgGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.Tdg, [qubit], ())
 
     def u(
         self,
@@ -5869,7 +5900,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.UGate, [qubit], [theta, phi, lam])
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.U, [qubit], [theta, phi, lam])
 
     def cu(
         self,
@@ -5904,7 +5935,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CUGate,
+                StandardGate.CU,
                 [control_qubit, target_qubit],
                 [theta, phi, lam, gamma],
                 label=label,
@@ -5931,7 +5962,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.XGate, [qubit], (), label=label)
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.X, [qubit], (), label=label)
 
     def cx(
         self,
@@ -5958,7 +5989,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CXGate,
+                StandardGate.CX,
                 [control_qubit, target_qubit],
                 (),
                 label=label,
@@ -5985,7 +6016,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.DCXGate, [qubit1, qubit2], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.DCX, [qubit1, qubit2], ())
 
     def ccx(
         self,
@@ -6012,7 +6043,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |11> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["11", 3]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CCXGate,
+                StandardGate.CCX,
                 [control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit],
                 (),
             )
@@ -6026,12 +6057,21 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
             copy=False,
         )
 
+    @deprecate_arg(
+        name="mode",
+        since="2.1",
+        additional_msg=(
+            "Instead, add a generic MCXGate to the circuit and specify the synthesis method "
+            "via the ``hls_config`` in the transpilation. Alternatively, specific decompositions "
+            "are available at https://qisk.it/mcx."
+        ),
+    )
     def mcx(
         self,
         control_qubits: Sequence[QubitSpecifier],
         target_qubit: QubitSpecifier,
         ancilla_qubits: QubitSpecifier | Sequence[QubitSpecifier] | None = None,
-        mode: str = "noancilla",
+        mode: str | None = None,
         ctrl_state: str | int | None = None,
     ) -> InstructionSet:
         """Apply :class:`~qiskit.circuit.library.MCXGate`.
@@ -6067,46 +6107,62 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         num_ctrl_qubits = len(control_qubits)
 
         available_implementations = {
-            "noancilla": MCXGate(num_ctrl_qubits, ctrl_state=ctrl_state),
-            "recursion": MCXRecursive(num_ctrl_qubits, ctrl_state=ctrl_state),
-            "v-chain": MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits, False, ctrl_state=ctrl_state),
-            "v-chain-dirty": MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits, dirty_ancillas=True, ctrl_state=ctrl_state),
-            # outdated, previous names
-            "advanced": MCXRecursive(num_ctrl_qubits, ctrl_state=ctrl_state),
-            "basic": MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits, dirty_ancillas=False, ctrl_state=ctrl_state),
-            "basic-dirty-ancilla": MCXVChain(
-                num_ctrl_qubits, dirty_ancillas=True, ctrl_state=ctrl_state
-            ),
+            "noancilla",
+            "recursion",
+            "v-chain",
+            "v-chain-dirty",
+            "advanced",
+            "basic",
+            "basic-dirty-ancilla",
         }
 
         # check ancilla input
         if ancilla_qubits:
             _ = self._qbit_argument_conversion(ancilla_qubits)
 
-        try:
-            gate = available_implementations[mode]
-        except KeyError as ex:
-            all_modes = list(available_implementations.keys())
+        if mode is None:
+            gate = MCXGate(num_ctrl_qubits, ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
+        elif mode in available_implementations:
+            if mode == "noancilla":
+                gate = MCXGate(num_ctrl_qubits, ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
+            elif mode in ["recursion", "advanced"]:
+                gate = MCXRecursive(num_ctrl_qubits, ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
+            elif mode in ["v-chain", "basic"]:
+                gate = MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits, False, ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
+            elif mode in ["v-chain-dirty", "basic-dirty-ancilla"]:
+                gate = MCXVChain(num_ctrl_qubits, dirty_ancillas=True, ctrl_state=ctrl_state)
+            else:
+                raise ValueError("unreachable.")
+            # else is unreachable, we exhausted all options
+        else:
             raise ValueError(
-                f"Unsupported mode ({mode}) selected, choose one of {all_modes}"
-            ) from ex
-
-        if hasattr(gate, "num_ancilla_qubits") and gate.num_ancilla_qubits > 0:
-            required = gate.num_ancilla_qubits
-            if ancilla_qubits is None:
-                raise AttributeError(f"No ancillas provided, but {required} are needed!")
-
-            # convert ancilla qubits to a list if they were passed as int or qubit
-            if not hasattr(ancilla_qubits, "__len__"):
-                ancilla_qubits = [ancilla_qubits]
+                f"Unsupported mode ({mode}) selected, choose one of {available_implementations}"
+            )
 
-            if len(ancilla_qubits) < required:
-                actually = len(ancilla_qubits)
-                raise ValueError(f"At least {required} ancillas required, but {actually} given.")
-            # size down if too many ancillas were provided
-            ancilla_qubits = ancilla_qubits[:required]
-        else:
+        if mode is None or not hasattr(gate, "num_ancilla_qubits"):
             ancilla_qubits = []
+        else:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.filterwarnings("ignore", category=DeprecationWarning, module="qiskit")
+                required = gate.num_ancilla_qubits
+
+            if required > 0:
+                if ancilla_qubits is None:
+                    raise AttributeError(f"No ancillas provided, but {required} are needed!")
+
+                # convert ancilla qubits to a list if they were passed as int or qubit
+                if not hasattr(ancilla_qubits, "__len__"):
+                    ancilla_qubits = [ancilla_qubits]
+
+                if len(ancilla_qubits) < required:
+                    actually = len(ancilla_qubits)
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        f"At least {required} ancillas required, but {actually} given."
+                    )
+                # size down if too many ancillas were provided
+                ancilla_qubits = ancilla_qubits[:required]
+            else:
+                ancilla_qubits = []
 
         return self.append(gate, control_qubits[:] + [target_qubit] + ancilla_qubits[:], [])
 
@@ -6121,7 +6177,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.YGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.Y, [qubit], ())
 
     def cy(
         self,
@@ -6148,7 +6204,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CYGate,
+                StandardGate.CY,
                 [control_qubit, target_qubit],
                 (),
                 label=label,
@@ -6174,7 +6230,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         Returns:
             A handle to the instructions created.
         """
-        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.ZGate, [qubit], ())
+        return self._append_standard_gate(StandardGate.Z, [qubit], ())
 
     def cz(
         self,
@@ -6201,7 +6257,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |1> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["1", 1]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CZGate, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
+                StandardGate.CZ, [control_qubit, target_qubit], (), label=label
             )
 
         from .library.standard_gates.z import CZGate
@@ -6240,7 +6296,7 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
         # if the control state is |11> use the fast Rust version of the gate
         if ctrl_state is None or ctrl_state in ["11", 3]:
             return self._append_standard_gate(
-                StandardGate.CCZGate,
+                StandardGate.CCZ,
                 [control_qubit1, control_qubit2, target_qubit],
                 (),
                 label=label,
@@ -6663,16 +6719,15 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
 
     def box(
         self,
-        # Forbidding passing `body` by keyword is in anticipation of the constructor expanding to
-        # allow `annotations` to be passed as the positional argument in the context-manager form.
-        body: QuantumCircuit | None = None,
+        body_or_annotations: QuantumCircuit | typing.Iterable[Annotation] = ...,
         /,
         qubits: Sequence[QubitSpecifier] | None = None,
         clbits: Sequence[ClbitSpecifier] | None = None,
         *,
         label: str | None = None,
         duration: None = None,
-        unit: Literal["dt", "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps"] = "dt",
+        unit: Literal["dt", "s", "ms", "us", "ns", "ps", "expr"] | None = None,
+        annotations: typing.Iterable[Annotation] = ...,
     ):
         """Create a ``box`` of operations on this circuit that are treated atomically in the greater
         context.
@@ -6701,13 +6756,16 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
 
             .. code-block:: python
 
-                from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit
+                from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, Annotation
+
+                class MyAnnotation(Annotation):
+                    namespace = "my.namespace"
 
                 qc = QuantumCircuit(9)
                 with qc.box():
                     qc.cz(0, 1)
                     qc.cz(2, 3)
-                with qc.box():
+                with qc.box([MyAnnotation()]):
                     qc.cz(4, 5)
                     qc.cz(6, 7)
                     qc.noop(8)
@@ -6735,8 +6793,11 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
                 qc.box(body_1, [4, 5, 6, 7, 8], [])
 
         Args:
-            body: if given, the :class:`QuantumCircuit` to use as the box's body in the explicit
-                construction.  Not given in the context-manager form.
+            body_or_annotations: the first positional argument is unnamed.  If a
+                :class:`QuantumCircuit` is passed positionally, it is immediately used as the body
+                of the box, and ``qubits`` and ``clbits`` must also be specified.  If not given, or
+                if given an iterable of :class:`.Annotation` objects, the context-manager form of
+                this method is triggered.
             qubits: the qubits to apply the :class:`.BoxOp` to, in the explicit form.
             clbits: the qubits to apply the :class:`.BoxOp` to, in the explicit form.
             label: an optional string label for the instruction.
@@ -6744,23 +6805,35 @@ class QuantumCircuit:
                 constrained to schedule the contained scope to match a given duration, including
                 delay insertion if required.
             unit: the unit of the ``duration``.
+            annotations: any :class:`.Annotation` objects the box should have.  When this method is
+                used in context-manager form, this argument can instead be passed as the only
+                positional argument.
         """
-        if isinstance(body, QuantumCircuit):
+        if isinstance(body_or_annotations, QuantumCircuit):
             # Explicit-body form.
+            body = body_or_annotations
             if qubits is None or clbits is None:
                 raise CircuitError("When using 'box' with a body, you must pass qubits and clbits.")
+            if annotations is Ellipsis:
+                annotations = []
             return self.append(
-                BoxOp(body, duration=duration, unit=unit, label=label),
+                BoxOp(body, duration=duration, unit=unit, label=label, annotations=annotations),
                 qubits,
                 clbits,
                 copy=False,
             )
+        if body_or_annotations is ...:
+            annotations = () if annotations is ... else annotations
+        elif annotations is not ...:
+            raise TypeError("QuantumCircuit.box() got multiple values for argument 'annotations'")
+        else:
+            annotations = body_or_annotations
         # Context-manager form.
         if qubits is not None or clbits is not None:
             raise CircuitError(
                 "When using 'box' as a context manager, you cannot pass qubits or clbits."
             )
-        return BoxContext(self, duration=duration, unit=unit, label=label)
+        return BoxContext(self, duration=duration, unit=unit, label=label, annotations=annotations)
 
     @typing.overload
     def while_loop(